HISTORY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

1. The prehistoric period

a. Period (…. S / d 3000 BC)

At first humans developed information technology at this time serves as a system for the introduction of
the forms that they know. They describe the information they get on the walls of the cave, about
hunting and prey animals. At this time they began to identify objects that exist in the environment they
live and represent it with the forms which they then painted on cave walls tempa.t they live, because of
their ability to speak only about the form of voice grunts and hand gestures as a form of their initial
communication at this time. Further development is created and use the tools that generate sounds and
cues, such as drums, trumpets made of animal horn, or smoke signals as a means of giving warning of
danger.

b. Period of 3000 BC For the first time used by the Sumerians writing with symbols formed from
pictograf as letters. Symbols or letters also have a different sound form (mention), so it can be words,
sentences and language.

c. Historical Period (3000 BC s / d in 1400-an M)

1) 2900 BC

The use of letters hierogliph on the ancient Egyptians. Hierogliph a language of symbols where each
phrase is represented by different symbols. When combined into one will have a way of pronunciation
and different meanings. Heirogliph form of writing and language is more advanced than Sumerian
writing.

2) 500 BC

Papyrus fibers are used as paper. Paper made from papyrus tree fiber that grows around the Nile is a
medium for writing or media information that is more powerful and flexible than the clay tablets that
were previously used as a medium of information.

3) 105 M

The Chinese discovered kertas.Kertas discovered by the Chinese at this time is the paper that you know
today. Paper is made from bamboo fibers are crushed, filtered, washed, then flattened and dried. The
invention also allows the printing system is performed using a carving on a block of wood and covered
by the ink or what we know today with a cap.
2. MODERN PERIOD (1400-S AN M / D NOW)

a. Year 1455

The printing press that uses the letters are made of iron plate that can be changed in a frame made of
wood was developed for the first time by Johann Guntenberg.

b. Of 1830

Augusta Lady Byron wrote the first computer program in the world to work with Charles Babbage’s
Analytical engine it uses. The tool is designed to be able to enter data, process data, and generate
output in the form of a card. This machine is known as a form of the first digital computer, although the
way it works is more mechanical than is digital, 94 years before the first digital computer ENIAC 1 is
formed.

c. In 1837

Samuel Morse developed the telegraph and Morse code language with Sir Wiliam Cook and Sir Charles
Wheatstone who sent electronically between two distant parties through the cable connecting the two
places. Sending and receiving of this information can be sent and received at almost the same time this
invention allows the information can be accepted and used widely by the people unhampered by
distance and time.

d. In 1861

Moving images are projected onto a screen was first used as the precursor film is now in ancient times
as the projector is growing step on the screen. e. During the year 1876 was marked by figures who
developed the Melvyl Dewey decimal system of writing.

f. In 1877

1) Alexander Graham Bell invented and developed the first time used the phone in general.

2) high-speed photography was invented by Edward Maybridge.

g. In 1899

Used in tape storage system (tape) the first magnetic storage but at this time is still analog not digital
like the present. h. During the year 1923 was marked by Zvorkyn creating the first television tubes.

i. In 1940

Commencement of the development of science in the field of information during World War 2, which is
used for the benefit of sending and receiving of military documents that are stored in the form of
magnetic tape.
j. In 1945 Vannevar Bush developed a coding system using hypertext.Pada this period the use of
hypertext has been developed along with the development of website design is currently evolving.

k. During the 1946 period of this technology in the world’s first digital computer ENIAC was developed
although I have not so many users, but computer technology has been used certain agencies.

l. Year 1948

Researchers at Bell Telephone developed the transistor.

m. Year 1957

1) Jean Hoerni developed the planar transistor. This technology allows the development of millions and
even billions of transistors incorporated into a small piece of silicon crystal.

2) USSR (Russia at the time) as the launching of Sputnik the first artificial earth satellite who served as a
spy. In return the U.S. to form the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) under the authority of the
Department of Defense to develop science and information technology in the military field.

n. Year 1972

At this time Ray Tomlinson created the first e-mail program that is used to communicate over long
distances using teks.E-mail can be said as electronic mail.

o. Year 1973-1990

The term Internet was introduced in a paper on TCP / IP and then made the development of a network
protocol known as TCP / IP was developed by a group of DARPA.Pada the 1981 National Science
Foundation to develop a backbone called CSNET 56 Kbps capacity for each institution in
pemerintahan.Kemudian in 1986, the IETF developed a server that serves as a coordination tool
including: DARPA, ARPANET, DDN, and Internet Gateway.

p. Year 1991 –

Now the business systems in the IT field first occurs when the CERN in overcoming operational costs a
fee from its members. In 1992 the establishment of the Internet community, and then introduced the
term World Wide Web (WWW) by CERN.Pada 1993, NSF established the InterNIC to provide Internet
related services and data storage directories and databases (by AT & T), registration services (by
Network Solutions Inc. ), and information services (by General Atomics / CERFNET). In 1994 the growth
of the Internet drove very fast and began reaching into all aspects of human life and a part that can not
be separated from manusia.Tahun 1995, public enterprises began to be allowed into the provider by
purchasing network in this Backbone.Langkah began development of information technology especially
the internet and research to develop systems and more sophisticated tools.