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Persuasive Techniques Guide

The document discusses the three Aristotelian appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos. Logos appeals to logic and reason through evidence, data, and citations. Ethos develops the author's character and credibility. Pathos appeals to the audience's emotions using techniques like emotionally-charged language, examples, and narratives. Each appeal has different effects - logos promotes rational understanding, ethos builds respect and trust in the author, and pathos elicits emotional responses like fear, sympathy, or anger.

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368 views2 pages

Persuasive Techniques Guide

The document discusses the three Aristotelian appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos. Logos appeals to logic and reason through evidence, data, and citations. Ethos develops the author's character and credibility. Pathos appeals to the audience's emotions using techniques like emotionally-charged language, examples, and narratives. Each appeal has different effects - logos promotes rational understanding, ethos builds respect and trust in the author, and pathos elicits emotional responses like fear, sympathy, or anger.

Uploaded by

yolly grandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aristotelian Appeals: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

Whenever you read an argument you must ask yourself, “Is this persuasive? If so, why? And to whom?” There are many ways to appeal to an
audience.
Among them are appealing to logos, ethos, and pathos. These appeals are identifiable in almost all arguments.
 

To Appeal to LOGOS To Develop or Appeal to ETHOS To Appeal to PATHOS


(logic, reasoning) (character, ethics) (emotion)

: the argument itself; the reasoning the author uses;: how an author builds credibility & trustworthiness : words or passages an author uses to activate emotions
 logical evidence

Types of LOGOS Appeals Ways to Develop ETHOS Types of PATHOS Appeals

         Theories / scientific facts          Author’s profession / background          Emotionally loaded language


         Indicated meanings or reasons  (because…)          Author’s publication          Vivid descriptions
         Literal or historical analogies          Appearing sincere, fair minded,          Emotional examples
         Definitions knowledgeable          Anecdotes, testimonies, or narratives about
         Factual data & statistics          Conceding to opposition where appropriate             emotional experiences or events
         Quotations          Morally / ethically likeable          Figurative language
         Citations from experts & authorities          Appropriate language for audience and subject          Emotional tone (humor, sarcasm,
         Informed opinions          Appropriate vocabulary              disappointment, excitement, etc.)
         Examples (real life examples)          Correct grammar
         Personal anecdotes          Professional format

Effect on Audience Effect on Audience Effect on Audience

Evokes a cognitive, rational response.  Readers getHelps reader to see the author as reliable, trustworthy,
Evokes an emotional response.  Persuasion by emotion.
a sense of, “Oh, that makes sense” or competent, and credible. The reader might respect (usually by evoking fear, sympathy, empathy, and/or
“Hmm, that really doesn’t prove anything.” the author or his/her views. anger)
How to Talk About It How to Talk About It How to Talk About It

The author appeals to logos by defining relevant Through his use of scientific diction, the author When referencing 9/11, the author is appealing to pathos.
terms and then supports his claim with numerous builds his ethos by demonstrating expertise. Here, he is eliciting both sadness and anger from his
citations from authorities. readers.
The author develops her ethos by demonstrating to
Statistics and expert testimony readers that she is sympathetic to the struggles The author’s description of the child with cancer was a
are convincing logical appeals. minorities very persuasive emotional appeal.
face.

Retrieved from http://users.ipfw.edu/andersi/W131F'12AristotelianAppeals.htm

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