PAPER – 2

(COMMON FOR CIVIL/ MECHANICAL)

1.ENGINEERING MECHANICS:
FORCE RESOLUTION:
Different types of forces, gravitational, frictional, axial, tensile or compressive. Law of
Parallelogram and triangle of forces, polygon of forces, problems.
CENTER OF GRAVITY AND MOMENT OF INERTIA:
Center of gravity and moment of inertia. Simple plane figures.
SIMPLE MACHINES:
Simple machines, law of machine, Mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency,
wheel and axle, pulleys and simple screw jack-problems.
2.STRENGTH OF MATERIAL:
i) Simple Stresses and strains: Different types of stresses and strains, stress-strain diagram
for ductile materials. Factor of safety, ultimate strength and working strength, elastic
constants, Poisson ratio. Deformations, volume changes. Relations between elastic
constants. Hooke’s law. Compound rods, temperature stressess.
ii) COMPLEX STRESSES :
Principal stresses and principal planes. Mohr’s circle of stress.

iii) SFD BMD: Shear force and bending moment diagrams for simply supported, over
hanging and cantilever beams. Relation between intensity of loading, shear force and
bending moment.
IV) BENDING STRESS DISTRIBUTION
Theory of simple bending: assumptions, basic flexure formula, bending stresses,
modulus of section, and moment of resistance. Circular bending.
V) SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION:
Distribution of shear stress in common structural sections.

VI) TORSIONAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION:

Torsion: Assumptions, basic formula of torsion, power transmission by shafts of uniform
circular sections close-coiled springs,

VII) Slope and deflection of beams:

Deflection in cantilever and simply supported beams under simple loading-propped
cantilever beams subjected to simple loading, determination of reaction. SF and BM
diagrams.
VIII) strain-energy :
STRAIN ENERGY in simple beams and shafts, sudden and impact loading
ix) Compression members:
Columns and struts: Direct and bending stresses, cone of section. Shaft and long columns
under axial loading – various end-conditions. Euler and Rankine formulae. Slenderness ratio,
simple built-up columns.

X) THIN CYLINDERS AND SHELLS:

thin cylindrical shells, longitudinal and circumferential stresses and volume changes.
Thin cylinders under internal pressure stresses and volume changes.

XI) TRUSS ANALYSIS:

Simple plane and pin-jointed trusses: stresses by method of joints and method of
sections
XII) Rivetted and welded connections:
stressesRiveted and welded joints, different modes of failures, efficiency of joints

FLUID MECHANICS:

Introduction: Scope of hydraulics in Engineering. Definition and properties of fluid.

Fluid statics:
Fluid pressure and its measurement: Atmospheric pressure, Gauge pressure and
absolute pressure. Piezometer, Manometer-U-tube, Inverted U-tube, and differential
manometers.
Pressure on plane surface immersed in liquid-Horizontal, vertical and inclined plane
surface.
Fluid kinematics:
Flow of fluids: Type of flow-uniform flow, non-uniform flow, stream line flow, Turbulent
flow, steady flow and unsteady flow.
FLUID DYNAMICS AND EQUIPMENTS:
Energies in fluid motion-Datum head, pressure head and velocity head. Total energy of fluid
in motion – Bernoulli’s theorem. Practical application of Bernoulli’s theorem – flow
measurement – pitot tube venture meter – Orifice meter.
Flow through orifices and Mouth Pieces: Definitions of orifice, types of orifices, Vena
contracta, coefficient of velocity, coefficient of contraction, coefficient of discharge.
Submerged and partially submerged orifices. Flow through orifices.
Under variable heads - Time of emptying a rectangular tank through orifices. Mouthpieces-
different types of problems.
Notches and Weirs: Definition of notch, types of notches - Rectangular notch, Triangular
notch and trapezoidal notch. Discharge over a rectangular, triangular and a trapezoidal
notches.
Water hammer and its effect.
LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW:
Laminar and turbulent flow in pipes-Critical velocity and Reynolds number.

Flow through pipes: Major and minor losses - Loss of head at entrance, loss of head due to
sudden enlargement, due to sudden contraction, loss of head at exit of the pipe. Frictional
loss in pipe-Chezy’s formula and Darcy'sformula.Hydraulic gradient and total energy line.
Discharge through parallel pipes and branched pipes connected to a reservoir. Flow through
syphonpipe.Hydraulictransmissionofpower-flowthroughnozzleattheendofapipeline-
diameterofnozzle for Max H.P. availableImpact of jets:
IMPACT OF JETS
Formulae for the force of jet on a fixed vertical flat plate, fixed inclined flat plates, moving
flat plates, and series of flat plates fixed on the rim of a wheel. Force of jet striking at the
center and at the top of a fixed curved blade and moving curved blade, velocity triangles.
Work done, power and efficiency in the above cases. Simple problems.
HYDRAULIC MACHINES:
Water turbines: Introduction to water turbines. Use of water turbines in Hydroelectric
power stations line sketch showing layout of hydro-electric power plant with head race,
dam, sluice gate, pen stock turbine, generator and tail race. Classification of turbines -
impulse and reaction turbines brief sub-classification of axial, radial and tangential flow
type. Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine, power and efficiency ofturbines.
Centrifugal pump: Installation, mountings and other accessories. Priming of centrifugal
pump. Efficiency, cavitation. Simple problems on work, power andefficiency.

PAPER – 3
(COMMON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL/CIVIL)

1. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

Sources of water: surface and sub-surface water, aquifers, yield from wells, Infiltration
galleries, types of intakes and design of intakes, collection and conveyance of water;
water demand and it’s variations, estimation of water demand; quality of water,
characteristics, water-borne diseases, water sampling and analysis, water quality
standards;
Water Treatment: unit operations and processes for water treatment, sedimentation,
coagulation and flocculation, filtration, disinfection, water softening, removal of colour,
iron and manganese; aeration, Defluoridation of water, demineralization of water, R.O.
process, principles and design of various water treatmentunits;
Distribution of treated water, systems of water distribution, layouts of distribution
systems, components of distribution systems, valves, analysis and design of the water
distribution systems, Storage and distribution reservoirs; leakages and control in water
distribution system; Rural water supply.
2. (i) Waste Water Engineering
Systems of sewage collection, conveyance, and disposal; estimation of quantity of
sewage and storm water, sewerage systems, sewer appurtenances, material for sewers,
laying of sewers, Design of sewers, operation and maintenance of sewerage systems;
pumping of sewage; Characteristics of sewage, sampling and analysis of sewage, unit
operations and process for wastewater treatment, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative and
anoxic processes, principles and design of various wastewater treatment units,
principles and design of septic tanks, disposal of septic tank effluent; Common Effluent
Treatment Plants, Zero liquiddischarge;
Disposal of products of sewage treatment; Sludge handling, treatment and disposal; self-
purification of streams; Building drainage, Plumbing Systems; Rural and semi-urban
sanitation;
Urban storm water management, Impact of storm water, Management of storm water
runoff, design of storm water drainage systems.
(ii) Air and Noise Pollution
Air pollution, classification of air pollutants, sources and effects of air pollution, Factors
influencing air pollution, air quality standards; Meteorology and air pollution; Wind
roses, lapses rates, mixing depth, plume behaviour, effective stack height; Monitoring of
air pollution; air pollution dispersion, estimation of ground level concentration of air
pollutants; Engineered systems for air pollution control: control of particulate matter
and gaseous pollutants;
Noise pollution, characteristics, sources of noise pollution, measurements of noise,
impacts of noise pollution; Noise pollution monitoring, standards; control measures;

3. (i) Solid Waste Management

Sources of solid waste, classification, characteristics, generation, on-site segregation and
storage, collection, transfer and transportation of solid waste; principles and
engineering systems for solid waste management, treatment and processing of solid
waste; landfills and their classification, principles, design and management of landfills;
Leachate management, disposal of solidwaste;
Hazardous waste characteristics, handling, storage, collection and transportation,
treatment and disposal; e-waste: sources, collection, treatment and reuse.
(ii)Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Sustainable Development
Objectives and concepts of EIA, types of EIAs, components of EIA, framework of EIA,
policies and legal provisions of EIA in India; Planning of EIA studies, methodology for
identification of impacts on environment; Environmental settings, indices, prediction
and assessment of impacts, mitigation aspects; Environmental Impact Statement;
Environmental Management Plan, preparation, implementation, and review; public
participation in EIA, review and evaluation of EIA; Environmental audit; Environmental
protection acts ofIndia.
Ecosystems, classification of ecosystems, structural and functional interactions of
 environmental ecosystems; Ecosystem stability, biogeochemical cycles, nutrient cycles,
ecological niche and ecotone, pesticides and bioaccumulation, water pollution, soil
pollution, wetlands, methods for conservation of biodiversity;
Sustainable Development, objectives and principles of sustainable development,
indicators of Sustainability; Strategies and barriers to sustainability, clean development
mechanism, carbon credit, carbon sequestration, carbon trading, Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA), Elements ofLCA;
Global environmental issues, climate change and its impact on environment; mitigation
of impacts; adaptability and climate resilience; ecological foot print, major
environmental problems related to the conventional energy resources.
4. WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
i) Fluid Mechanics and hydraulicMachines
Physical properties of fluids, fluid statics; fluid flow concepts, Kinematics of flow,
continuity, momentum and energy principles and corresponding equations; Flow
measurement; dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; flow through pipes and
open channel hydraulics; Hydraulic jump, Surges and Water hammer;
Basic principles of hydraulic machines, turbines and pumps, types, selection,
performance parameters, controls, scaling, pumps in parallel; Hydraulic ram;
ii) Hydrology
Hydrological cycle, precipitation and its estimation, evaporation and transpiration,
runoff estimation; hydrographs;
Floods estimation and routing, flood management; streams and their gauging; capacity
of Reservoirs. Watershed management and rainwater harvesting; ground water
hydrology: steady state well hydraulics and application of Darcy’s law, recuperation test
for well yield, ground water management;
iii) Irrigation
Water resources of the earth, irrigation systems, advantages and disadvantages of
irrigation, duty, delta, crop water requirements; Water logging and drainage, Design of
canals, head works, canal distribution works, falls, cross-drainage works, canal lining;
Sediment transport in canals.
5. SURVEYING
Principles of surveying, classification of surveys; Measurement of distances and
directions, direct and indirect methods; optical and electronic devices; chain and
compass survey; levelling and trigonometric levelling, Contours; Theodolite and
tachometric survey; Total station, triangulations and traversing; measurements and
adjustment of observations, errors and their adjustments, computation of coordinates;
minor instruments; area and volumes; curve setting, horizontal and vertical curves;
Digital elevation modelling concept; basic concepts of remote sensing, GIS and global
positioning system.
6. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATIONENGINEERING
Physical and index properties of soil, classification and interrelationship; Permeability
 and seepage, Darcy’s law; flow nets, uplift pressure, piping; Compressibility and
consolidation; Compaction behaviour, methods of compaction and their choice; Shear
strength of soils, stresses and failure, Mohr’s circle; Earth pressure theories, stability
analysis of slopes, retaining structures, stress distribution in soil; site investigations and
sub-surface exploration;
Types of foundations, selection criteria, bearing capacity, effect of water table,
settlement, laboratory and field tests; principles and design considerations of shallow
and deep foundations; Types of piles, their design and layout, pile load tests, Caissons,
Foundations on expansive soils, swelling and its prevention.
7. TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERING
Planning and development of highway, classification of roads, highway alignment and
geometric design, cross-sectional elements, sight distance, horizontal and vertical
alignment, grade separation; Highway materials, their properties and quality tests,
construction of earthen, W.B.M., Bitumen and cement concrete roads; bitumen mix
design; Maintenance of all types of roads, disposal of muck, highway drainage, Street
lighting; design of flexible and rigid pavements using IRC recommendations;
Traffic engineering, traffic characteristics, traffic surveys, traffic control devices,
intersections, signaling; Mass transit systems, accessibility, traffic control, emergency
management.
Airports, layout and orientation, site selection; runway and taxiway design; drainage
management; Zoning laws; Helipads, Airport obstructions, Visual aids and air traffic
control.

8. SOLID MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OFSTRUCTURES

i) SolidMechanics
Simple stress and strain relationships, Bending moment flexural and shear stresses in
statically determinate beams; Elastic theories of failure; Torsion of circular and
rectangular sections and simple members; buckling of column, combined and direct
bending stresses.
ii) StructuralAnalysis
Analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy
methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and
frames; Analysis of thin and thick cylinders; Slope deflection, moment distribution, and
Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis; Influence lines.
9. DESIGN OFSTRUCTURES
i) Reinforced ConcreteStructures
Concepts of working stress, limit state and ultimate load design methods; IS code
specifications for design of beams, slabs, columns, footings, and walls; design of beams,
slabs, columns; Analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads; Design of wall
footings, foundations, retaining walls, and water tanks Principles of prestressed
 concrete, methods of prestressing; design of simple members; Design of brick masonry.
ii) Steel Structures
Concepts of Working stress and Limit state design methods; Design of tension and
compression members, beams, columns and column bases; Connections - simple and
eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses.
10. BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTIONPRACTICE
Building Materials: composition and properties of timber, bricks, cement, concrete,
structural steel, plywood; mix design, short-term and long-term properties of concrete
and mortar; Bitumen; Brick masonry, influence of mortar strength on masonry strength.
Importance of W/C Ratio, Strength, ingredients including admixtures, workability,
testing for strength, elasticity, nondestructive testing, mix design methods in concrete;
Green building concepts construction Management: Types of construction projects;
Concreting Equipment, Earthwork Equipment, Tendering and construction contracts;
Rate analysis and standard specifications; Cost estimation; Project planning and network
analysis: PERT and CPM, Resourceallocation.