Krok 1 – 2015 Anatomy Base

1. A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes

of while color and 5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On
microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ovums of
unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on
the child?
A. Enterobins vermicularis
B. Ancylostoma duodenalis
C. Trichuris
D. Trichina
E. Ascaris lumbricoides

2. A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache,
pain in left hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness
began with the increase of body temperature up to 39,9oC. In 3 hours the
temperature decreased and hydropoiesis began. The attacks repeat
rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African country.
The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics
is necessary to use?
A. Blood examination
B. Immunological tests
C. Stool examination
D. Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge
E. Urine examination

3. Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a
man's feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a
little bit narrowed forward and wide round shaped back end. On the forward
end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleuses and two short
vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?
A. Balantidium
B. Lamblia
C. Dysenteric amoeba
D. Trichomonas
E. Intestinal amoeba

4. A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the
heart and joints and pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of
development of post-infarction Dressler’s syndrome?
A. Autoimmune inflammation
B. Ischemia of myocardium
C. Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium
D. Secondary infection
E. Vessels ' thrombosis

5. During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus
 large arterial (Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig.
arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect
between each other?
A. Pulmonary trunk and aorta
B. Right and left auricle
C. Aorta and inferior vena cava
D. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
E. Aorta and superior vena cava

6. Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the
horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited
pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented?
A. M. latissimus dorsi
B. M. levator scapulae
C. M. romboideus major
D. M. Trapezius
E. M. subscapularis

7. Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive

development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What
tonsils growth may cause this effect?
A. Tonsilla pharyngea
B. Tonsilla palatina
C. Tonsilla lingualis
D. Tonsilla tubaria
E. All above mentioned tonsils

8. In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of

descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
A. Sinister colic
B. Median colic
C. Dexter colic
D. Ileocolic
E. Superior mesenteric artery

9. Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are
noticed on the X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?
A. Iliac, pubic, sciatic
B. Pubic, sciatic, femoral
C. Sciatic, femoral, sacral
D. Iliac, sacral, coccyx
E. Sacral, pubic, coccyx

10. A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds.

What structures' disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
A. Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
B. Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
C. Eustachian tube
D. Muscles of middle ear
E. Tympanic membrane

11. The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is
10 per/min, and the tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead
space ventilation?
A. 2,0 L/min
B. 0,7 L/min
C. 1,0 L/min
D. 4,3 L/min

12. During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white

substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal
part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract
of the brain will be disrupted?
A. Tr. Pyramidalis
B. Tr. Frontothalamicus
C. Тr. Thalamocorticalis
D. Tr. Frontopontinus
E. Tr. parietooccipitopontinus

13. Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active
centre of enzyme. Name this factor:
A. pH medium
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. The presence of a competitive inhibitor
E. The surplus of a product

14. Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate.

Malonic acid HOOC- CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this
enzyme. Choose the inhibition type:
A. Competitive
B. Allosteris
C. Non-competitive
D. Limited proteolysis
E. Dephosphorylation

15. The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical

trainings .What substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all
in this case:
A. Lactate
B. Pyruvate
C. Glucose
D. Glutamate
E. Alanine

16. A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care.
What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?
A. Antegastrial bursa
B. Omental bursa
C. Hepatic bursa
D. Left mesenteric sinus
E. Right mesenteric sinus

17. A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the
preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease
aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason
of this condition?
A. Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
B. Hyperproduction of ACTH
C. Sensibilization
D. Habituation
E. Cumulation

18. A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied
with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be
suspected?
A. Popliteal artery
B. Peroneal artery
C. Posterior tibial artery
D. Anterior tibial artery
E. Proximal part of femoral artery

19. A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin
photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause
it?
A. Uroporphyrinogen 1
B. Protoporphyrin
C. Uroporphyrinogen 2
D. Coproporphyrinogen 3
E. Heme

20. A patient has a malignisation of thoracic part of esophagus. What

lymphatic nodes are regional for this organ?
A. Anulus lymphaticus cardiae
B. Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis
C. Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis
D. Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterales
E. Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriores

21. The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in
the condition of hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of
consciousness at the heat stroke?
A. Decreased brain blood supply
B. Arterial pressure drop
C. Increased water loss through sweating
D. Decrease of heart output
E. Dilatation of peripheral vessels

22. A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s

sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below
is accompanied with decreased ESR?
A. Polycytemia
B. Hepatitis
C. Splenomegaly
D. Vitamin B deficiency
E. Myocardial infarction

23. A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial
group of femoral muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to
do?
A. Adduction of femur
B. Abduction of femur
C. Flexion of femur
D. Extension of femur
E. Suppination of femur

24. A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with

undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
A. Esophageal atresia
B. Labium leporium
C. Faux lupinum
D. Anal atresia
E. Esophageal fistula

25. During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the

duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part
of duodenum were the problems found?
A. Descendent part
B. Ascendant part
C. Bulb
D. Upper horizontal part
E. Lower horizontal part
 26. A 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the
complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination:
the mechanical injure of the mucous layer of the vestibule without
continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the
vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
A. Nasal limen
B. Nasal roller
C. Nasal septa
D. Choanes
E. Nostrils

27. A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation

of Bartholin's glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the
Bartholin's glands located?
A. The labia major
B. The labia minor
C. The clitoris
D. The vagina
E. The uterus

28. A 50 year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the
hospital. The place of hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres
surfaces during the medical examination. What artety was injured ?
A. The middle cerebral artery
B. The anterior cerebral artery
C. The posterior cerebral artery
D. The anterior communicating artery
E. The posterior communicating artery

29. A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery .
What place on the face has to be pressed to stop bleeding?
A. The mandible’s edge
B. The mental process
C. The mandible’s branch
D. The nose’s back
E. The molar bone

30. A 19 year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was

hospitalized. The surgical operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is
to be performed. What artery must be fixed to stop bleeding during the
surgical operation?
A. The ileocolic artery
B. The colica dextra
C. The colica media
D. The colica sinistra
E. The iliac
 31. A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the
joint. On examination: severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee
joint. Crunching sounds are heard while moving the joint. Which bone is
destroyed?
A. Knee-cap
B. Neck of the thigh bone
C. Left epicondyle of the thigh
D. Right epicondyle of the thigh
E. Head of the thigh bone

32. During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year- old child her ligament
was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
A. The head of the thigh
B. Perpendicular of the acetabule
C. Iliofemoral
D. Pubofemoral
E. Ischiofemoral

33. A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues
between tibia and fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured?
A. Membrane
B. Suture
C. Ligament
D. Fontanel
E. Gomphosis

34. Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein
because it is slightly movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What
does it fix in the cubital fossa?
A. Aponeurosis of biceps muscle
B. Tendon of the triceps muscle
C. Brachial muscle
D. Brachioradial muscle
E. Anconeus muscle

35. Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of
humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?
A. Ulnar
B. Radial
C. Musculocutaneous nerve
D. Cardiac cutaneous nerve
E. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

36. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in
 the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver,
varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is
likely to be?
A. Vena porta
B. Aorta abdominalis
C. Vena hepatica
D. Vena cava superior
E. Vena cava inferior

37. Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag,

the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure
of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the
intercommunication of the following vessels:
A. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
B. Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
C. Superior cava and aorta
D. Superior cava and pulmonary trunk
E. Aorta and pulmonary veins

38. A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department

with diagnosis - suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease
started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what
canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?
A. Musculortubal canal
B. Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus
C. Carotid canal
D. Canaliculus chordal tympani
E. Canaliculi caroticotympanici

39. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was

complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of
tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
A. Posterior
B. Anterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
E. Superior

40. A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss,
excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you
expect to find elevated in her serum?
A. Thyroxine
B. Cortisol
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. ACTH
E. Insulin
 41. A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke.
What changes in patient’s behavior may be expected?
A. The rejection of food
B. Aggressive behaviour
C. Depression
D. Thirst
E. Unsatisfied hunger

42. The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of

myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter
is the most important?
A. Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
B. Heart temperature
C. Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
D. Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
E. Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels

43. It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected
inflammation of brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between
the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went
through the following ligament:
A. Yellow (flaval)
B. Iliolumbar
C. Anterior longitudinal
D. Posterior longitudinal
E. Intertransverse

44. Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure
besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous
base:
A. Dihydrouracil
B. Uracil
C. Cysteine
D. Adenine
E. Cytosine

45. Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of

malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what
anatomical structure is squeezed with tumour?
A. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
B. Cystic duct
C. Common hepatic duct
D. Right hepatic duct
E. Left hepatic duct
 46. The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention
of subcutaneous venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck,
upper part of the trunk and upper extremities. What venous trunk is
pressed with tumour?
A. Superior vena cava
B. External jugular vein
C. Clavicular vein
D. Internal jugular vein
E. Frontal jugular vein

47. A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following

changes of blood count: erythrocytes - 4,0*101 2/l, Нb - 120 g/l, color
index - 0,9, leukocytes – 18*109 /l, basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0,
myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, segmentonuclear
neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear
shift of leukocytic formula called?
A. Degenerative left shift
B. Right shift
C. Regenerative left shift
D. Hyperregenerative
E. Regeneratively-degenerative

48. Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. Imperfection of what

formation can cause it?
A. Prostate
B. Testicles
C. Bulb-uretic glands
D. Testicle adnexa
E. Sperm bubbles

49. Child inspired button. Where is it likely tobe?

A.In the right main bronchus
B.In the left main bronchus
C.In the trachea
D.In the larynx
E.In the gullet

50. Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of

metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth
of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what
part of the brain can cause this symptoms?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Cerebral peduncles (cruces cerebri)
C. Mesencephalic tegmentum
D. Pons cerebelli
E. Medulla
 51. A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for
two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of
chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
A. Immunosuppressive
B. Anti-inflammatory
C. Antishock
D. Antiallergic
E. Antitoxic

52. A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry came to the trauma
unit. The objective data are: there are no extension, adduction or
pronation functions of the arm. What muscle damage caused this
condition?
A. Teres major
B. Subscapular
C. Teres minor
D. Subspinous
E. Supraspinous

53. A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion of liver
rupture was admitted to the traumatological department. In what peritonial
structure will blood accumulate?
A. Excavatio rectovesicalis
B. Bursa omentalis
C. Recessus intersigmoideus
D. Fossa ischio-analis
E. Recessus duodenalis inferior

54. A histological spaceman presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and
medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries
between them; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of
chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these
morphological features?
A. Adrenal gland
B. Kidney
C. Lymph node
D. Thymus
E. Thyroid

55. After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle
tendons and of the surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal
of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the
bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with restoration
of bloodstream?
A. Arcus palmaris profundus
B. Arcus palmaris superficialis
C. Aa. digitales palmares communes
D. Aa. metacarpeae palmares
E. Aa. Perforantes

56. A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic

shoulder trauma. Objectively: flexibility, reduction and pronation
functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?
A. Teres major muscle
B. Subscapular muscle
C. Teres minor muscle
D. Infraspinous muscle
E. Supraspinous muscle

57. Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What
ligament should be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the
uterus?
A. The ovarial ligament
B. Broad ligament of uterus
C. Lateral umbilical ligament
D. Suspensory ligament of ovary
E. Round ligament of uterus

58. An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip
joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was
broken?
A. The neck of the thigh
B. The body of the thigh bone
C. Condyle of the thigh
D. Pubic bone
E. Ischial bone

59. A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting
from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the
following anatomic formation:
A. Rectouterine pouch
B. Vesicouterine pouch
C. Right mesenteric sinus
D. Omental bursa
E. Left mesenteric sinus

60. A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on
one side of the lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged
veins, formation of nodes. The pathological process has started in the
following vein:
A. V. saphena parva
B. V. saphena magna
C. V. femoralis
D. V. profunda femoris
E. V. iliaca externa

61. A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck
accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the
following artery is damaged:
A. Obturator
B. Femoral
C. External iliac
D. Inferior gluteal
E. Internal pudendal

62. A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal)

pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the
branches of the following arteries:
A. Uterine and ovarian
B. Superior cystic and ovarian
C. Inferior cystic and ovarian
D. Uterine and superior cystic
E. Uterine and inferior cystic

63. A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest.
Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow
of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
A. The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
B. It's the effect of bronchitis
C. It is caused by abnormal position
D. It is caused by thymus inflammation
E. It is caused by neoplastic process

64. A 7-year-old child can't abduct the shoulder, raise it to the horizontal level.
He can raise the hand to the face only with dorsal side with abduction of the
shoulder (with help of supraspinous muscle ) - "bugler" arm. Active function
of what muscle is absent?
A. Deltoid
B. Infraspinous
C. Pectoral major
D. Teres minor
E. Teres major

65. A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed

pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance
plays the main role in anemia development?
A. Anaerobic glycolysis
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. Tissue respiration
D. Peroxide decomposition
E. Aminoacids desamination

66. A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in
the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd
finger. Which muscles' function is impaired?
A. Interosseous muscles
B. Lumbrical muscles
C. Breviflexors of fingers
D. Long flexors of fingers
E. Extensors

67. A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with

complaints of abrupt sharp pain in the epigastric region. After examination it
was diagnosed: perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach. Where
did content of the stomach flow out while perforation?
A. To the omental bursa
B. To the liver bursa
C. To the proventriculus sack
D. To the left mesenteric sinus
E. To the right mesenteric sinus

68. A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation

disorders, dilated pupil, not reacting on the light were revealed on
examination. Function of what muscles is disturbed?
A. Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
B. Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
C. Inferir oblique muscle, ciliary
D. Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
E. Pupil narrowing and dilating muscle

69. Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed.

Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of
spinal cord is meant?
A. Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
B. Thoracic nucleus
C. Intermediate lateral nucleus
D. Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
E. Proper nucleus of gray substance

70. A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital
ward. The patient has limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of
wound management the injury of a muscle tendon was revealed. What
 muscle is injured?
A. Long peroneal
B. Anterior tibial
C. Long extensor muscle of toes
D. Triceps muscle of crus
E. Short peroneal

71. A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the
traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left
hand; middle phalanxes of II–V fingers don't bend. What muscles are
damaged?
A. Superficial finger flexor
B. Profound finger flexor
C. Lumbrical muscles
D. Palmar interosseous muscles
E. Dorsal interosseous muscles

72. A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about

an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the
region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I
finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
A. Long flexor muscle of thumb
B. Short flexor muscle of thumb
C. Short abductor muscle of thumb
D. Opposer muscle of thumb
E. Abductor muscle of thumb

73. A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well
as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle's function is
disturbed?
A. Quadriceps muscle of thigh
B. Biceps muscle of thigh
C. Triceps muscle of thigh
D. Semitendinous muscle
E. Semimembranous muscle

74. In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was
found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and
cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
A. Minor bronchs
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Major bronchs
E. Median bronchs

75. Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the
 thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
A. To the left venous corner
B. To the right venous corner
C. To the superior vena cava
D. To the inferior vena cava
E. To the left inguinal vein

76. A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed

inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from
the patient's anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which
finger was most probably damaged?
A. Digitus minimus
B. Pollex
C. Digitus medius
D. Index
E. Digitus anularis

77. An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a
temporary arrest of bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the
tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?
A. VI
B. V
C. IV
D. III
E. II

78. As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of

the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of
which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?
A. M.tibialis anterior
B. M.flexor digitorum longus
C. M.flexor hallucis longus
D. M.peroneus longus
E. M.peroneus brevis

79. A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea,

visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2
years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of
what hormones causes the given pathology?
A. Catecholamines
B. Aldosterone
C. Glucocorticoids
D. ACTH
E. Thyroidal hormones

80.A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense
bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour.
 What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?
A. Lingual artery
B. Dorsal lingual artery
C. Deep lingual artery
D. Facial artery
E. Ascending pharyngeal artery

81. A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased

volume of daily urine - oliguria. What is the mechanism of this
phenomenon?
A. Decreased glomerular filtration
B. Decreased number of functioning glomerules
C. Drop of oncotic blood pressure
D. Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
E. Reduced permeamility of renal filter

82. An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident.
Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries
of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries
caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been
damaged in this region?
A. a.carotis externa et a. carotis interna
B. a.carotis externa et a. subclavia
C. a.carotis interna et a. subclavia
D. a.subclavia et a. ophthalmica
E. a.carotis interna et a. ophthalmica

83. After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A
doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear.
How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?
A. Through the auditory tube
B. Through foramen jugularis
C. Through canalis caroticus
D. Through atrium mastoideum
E. Through canalis nasolacrimalis

84. A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative
intervention on account of concrements in the gall ducts. The common
hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
A. Hepatoduodenal ligament
B. Hepatogastric ligament
C. Hepatorenal ligament
D. Round ligament of liver
E. Venous ligament

85. Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What

 aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
A. Glutamic
B. Tyrosine
C. Valine
D. Tryptophan
E. Lisine

86. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department

with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A
spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was
puncturated?
A. Spantiumsubarach noidem
B. Spatium subdurale
C. Spatium epidurale
D. Cavum triheminale
E. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior

87. After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb
the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name
an artery that plays the main role in reestablishment of blood flow:
A. Deep femoral artery
B. Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone
C. Descending genicular artery
D. Superficial epigastric artery
E. Deep external pudendal artery

88. A patient's knee joint doesn't extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin
sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures
are damaged?
A. Femoral nerve
B. Superior gluteal nerve
C. Big fibular nerve
D. Obturator nerve
E. Inferior gluteal nerve

89. The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has exposed afferent

glomerular arteriole, which has giant cells under its endothelium,
containing secretory granules. Name the type of these cells:
A. Juxtaglomerular
B. Mesangial
C. Smoothmuscular
D. Juxtavascular
E. Interstitial

90. A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain
behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography
 revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the
right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
A. Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles
B. Left atrium
C. Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles
D. Right atrium
E. Right atrioventricular valve

91. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected

inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum. What part of bowels should be
examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
A. Ileum
B. Duodenum
C. Jejunum
D. Caecum
E. Colon ascendens

92. Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that

opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is
meant?
A. Hypospadia
B. Hermaphroditism
C. Epispadia
D. Monorchism
E. Cryptorchism

93. A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach

(long-term retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour
of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
A. Pars Superior
B. Pars Inferior
C. Pars descendens
D. Pars ascendens
E. Flexura duodeni inferior

94. A man after 1,5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The
increased secretion of what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?
A. Vasopressin
B. Corticotropin
C. Natriuretic
D. Cortisol
E. Parathormone

95. A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of

his external genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out
of this opening. What anomaly of external genitals development is the case?
A. Epispadia
B. Phimosis
C. Hermaphroditism
D. Paraphimosis
E. Hypospadia

96. A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having
intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity
contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory
receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
A. Superior nasal turbinate
B. Median nasal turbinate
C. Inferior nasal turbinate
D. Common nasal meatus
E. Vestibule of nose

97. Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the

uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals
does the pathological process take place?
A. Parametrium
B. Mesometrium
C. Myometrium
D. Endometrium
E. Perimetrium

98. In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was

ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary
artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?
A. Bronchopulmonary segment
B. Middle lobe
C. Inferior lobe
D. Superior lobe
E. Pulmonary lobule

99. While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of

papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of
tongue. What papillae are inflamed?
A. Papillae vallatae
B. Papillae fungiformes
C. Papillae foliatae
D. Papillae filiformes
E. Papillae conicae

100. Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine

fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed
in time?
A. To the orbit
B. To the interpterygoid space
C. To the frontal sinus
D. To the subgaleal temporal space
E. To the tympanic cavity

101. During complicated labour the symphysis pubis ruptured. What

organ can be damaged mostly?
A. Urinary blader
B. Rectum
C. Ovaria
D. Uterine tubes
E. Uterus

102. A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice.

Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What
bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
A. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
B. Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
C. Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
D. Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
E. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus

103. Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a

haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply
area of which artery is it?
A. Middle cerebral artery
B. Anterior cerebral artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. Anterior communicating artery
E. Basilar artery

104. A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process
during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with
inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into
the cavity of skull?
A. V.emissariaе mastoideaе
B. V.v.labyrinthi
C. V.v.tympanicae
D. V.facialis
E. V.v.auriculares

105. The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of

diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal
puncture safe?
A. L III-L IV
B. L II-L III
C. L I-L II
D. Th XII-L I
E. L V-S I

106. While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers'

pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one
heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Left atrium

107. Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn't spread because of enhanced

elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
A. By surfactant introduction
B. By pure oxygen inhalation
C. By artificial pulmonary ventilation
D. By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
E. By glucose introduction

108. Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node

of metastatic origin on the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the
most likely localization of the primary tumour:
A. Mammary gland
B. Submandibular salivary gland
C. Lung
D. Stomach
E. Thyroid gland

109. A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal
muscles (lateral and anterior). During objective examination a physician
diagnosticated increased pain sensitivity of skin in the hypogastric region.
This pain might be caused by affection of the following nerve:
A. Iliohypogastric
B. Sciatic
C. Obturator
D. Femoral
E. Genitofemoral

110. A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her

humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her
shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following
nerve:
A. Axillary nerve
B. Subscapular nerve
C. Dorsal scapular nerve
D. Subclavicular nerve
E. Throracodorsal nerve

111. Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor

calyces only (major calyces were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a
kidney was revealed?
A. Embryonal
B. Fetal
C. Mature
D. Ampullar

112. A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his
shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
A. Triceps muscle of arm
B. Biceps muscle of arm
C. Anconeus muscle
D. Brachial muscle
E. Coracobrachial muscle

113. A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the
anterosuperior area of his thigh and his foot's thumb. What lymph nodes of
his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?
A. Superficial inguinal
B. Deep inguinal
C. Internal longitudinal
D. Superficial longitudinal
E. General longitudinal

114. A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side

convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused
such consequences?
A. n.abducens
B. n.facialis
C. n.trigeminus
D. n.trochlearis
E. n.aculomotorius

115. In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the

wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum
formation is most likely to be injured?
A. Ligamentum hepatogastricum
B. Ligamentum gastrocolicum
C. Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale
D. Ligamentum hepatorenale
E. Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum

116. After a trauma a patient lost ability of elbow extension. This might
have been caused by dysfunction of the following main muscle:
A. m. triceps brachii
B. m. subscapularis
C. m. teres major
D. m. infraspinatus
E. m. levator scapulae

117. A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar

vertebra. As a result he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar
lordosis. Which ligament damage can induce such changes in the spine
curvature?
A. Anterior longitudinal ligament
B. Posterior longitudinal ligament
C. Yellow ligament
D. Iliolumbar ligament
E. Interspinous ligament

118. After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute

learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized
in the following region of the cerebral cortex:
A. Gyrus supramarginalis
B. Gyrus angularis
C. Gyrus paracentralis
D. Gyrus lingualis
E. Gyrus parahippocampalis

119. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident

that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense.
What conduction tracts are damaged?
A. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
B. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
C. Rubrospinal tract
D. Reticulospinal tract
E. Tectospinal tract

120. Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of

lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute
tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
A. Tonsilla palatina
B. Tonsilla pharyngealis
C. Tonsilla tubaria
D. Tonsilla lingualis
 121. While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a
surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of
brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A. A.axillaris
B. A.vertebralis
C. A.transversa colli
D. A.profunda brachii
E. A.subscapularis

122. Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed

thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is
damaged?
A. Colon sigmoideum
B. Ileum
C. Caecum
D. Colon transversum
E. Colon ascendens

123. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal

hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on
posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
A. Transverse fascia
B. Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
C. Inguinal ligament
D. Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
E. Peritoneum

124. A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was
admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies
this area?
A. M.trapezius
B. M.sternocleidomastoideus
C. M.latissimus dorsi
D. M.rhomboideus minor
E. M.scalenus anterior

125. A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is

damaged?
A. Vestibulocochlear
B. Trigeminus
C. Sublingual
D. Vagus
E. Trochlear

126. While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an

 induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may
extend to the following lymph nodes:
A. Parasternal
B. Posterior mediastinal
C. Profound lateral cervical
D. Bronchopulmonary
E. Superior diaphragmal

127. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres

regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the
respective centre normally localized?
A. Inferior part of precentral gyrus
B. Superior part of precentral gyrus
C. Supramarginal gyrus
D. Superior parietal lobule
E. Angular gyrus

128. Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of

the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?
A. Until 3 months
B. Before the child is born
C. Until 6 months
D. Until the end of the first year of life
E. Until the end of the second year of life

129. A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory

muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What
conduction tract is damaged?
A. Tr. cortico-nuclearis
B. Tr. cortico-spinalis
C. Tr. cortico-thalamicus
D. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
E. Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus

130. A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface
of his shoulder. This is the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:
A. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
B. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
E. Axillary nerve

131. A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar
bronchus. What segments of the right lung won't be supplied with air?
A. Apical, posterior, anterior
B. Superior and inferior lingular
C. Apical and posterior basal
D. Apical and median basal
E. Medial and lateral

132. A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater

vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these
glands localized?
A. Large lips of pudendum
B. Small lips of pudendum
C. Clitoris
D. Vagina
E. Uterus

133. While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia

a surgeon damaged the canal's contents. What exactly was damaged?
A. Funiculus spermaticus
B. Urarchus
C. Lig. teres uteri
D. Lig. Inguinalе

134. Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of

aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve
was constricted?
A. Recurrent laryngeal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Superior laryngeal
D. Mandibular
E. Sublingual

135. Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar)
approach involves opening of interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What
anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
A. Jugular venous arch
B. External jugular vein
C. Subclavicular vein
D. Inferior thyroid arthery
E. Superior thyroid arthery

136. In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an

ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with
it?
A. Ureter
B. Uterine tube
C. Round ligament of uterus
D. Internal iliac vein
E. Urethra
 137. An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating
wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large
intestine is most likely damaged?
A. Colon descendens
B. Colon ascendens
C. Colon transverses
D. Caecum
E. Rectum

138. After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with
an injury of the medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be
damaged in this case?
A. n. Ulnaris
B. n. radialis
C. n. axillaris
D. n. muscolocutaneus
E. n. medianus

139. A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to
the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal
organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis.
What muscle is it?
A. Greater psoas muscle
B. Iliac muscle
C. Erector muscle of spine
D. Abdominal internal oblique muscle
E. Abdominal external oblique muscle

140. A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination

revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the
sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
A. Keeled chest
B. Funnel chest
C. Flat chest
D. Cylindrical chest
E. Barrel chest

141. A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to
a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm
aside from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
A. N.axillaris
B. N.medianus
C. N.radialis
D. N.ulnaris
E. N.subclavius
 142. Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red
nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
A. Midbrain
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Interbrain
E. Pons cerebell