EL

IIoT Applications: Healthcare

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Introduction

EL
 Earlier so many people died due to lack of health care.
 People forget about their health due to busy life.
 IIoT makes the healthcare easier.

PT
 IIoT based healthcare service is cheapest.
 ECG, blood pressure, glucose level, and temperature can be
monitored from patient’s home.
 If any critical conditions are there, it sends alert.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Healthcare Challenges

EL
 Populations are ageing all over the world
 Different diseases are increasing
 Expenditure of hospitals and medical clinic are increasing

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3
Largest Age Group

EL
Populations are growing older
Between 2017 to 2050, person’s aged 60 years or over is expected to
increase more than double.
In 1980, there were 382 million older person all over the world.
In 2050, it is expected to be 2.1 billion older person worldwide.

PT
Telecare applications, smart home or telemedicine helps
older people to live safely.

Introduction to Internet of Things 4

Increase of Diseases

EL
Different diseases are increasing.
Telecare applications, smart home or telemedicine helps
older people to live safely.
Continuous monitoring of patient’s health reduces

PT
hospitalizing.
Sensors collects blood pressure, respiration, pulse rate,
heart rate, and weight. It triggers alarm, if any abnormal
situation is there

Introduction to Internet of Things 5

Reduce the Expenditure

EL
 IIoT based healthcare device
 Different wearable healthcare devices which reduce the cost of
checkup.
 Remote monitoring

PT
 Patient’s health condition can be monitored by sensors, which reduce
the cost.
 In hospitals, smart beds can send notification about patient’s
activity.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6

IIoT Healthcare Architecture

EL
Learning

Storing

PT Processing

Sending

Sensing
Source: Nguyen et. all, “A Review on IoT
Healthcare Monitoring Applications and a Vision
for Transforming Sensor Data into Real-time
Clinical Feedback”, in Proc. 21st Comp. Supported
Cooperative Work in Design, IEEE, 2017

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Benefits of IIoT in Healthcare

EL
 Monitor patient’s health condition remotely.
 Hospital staff can predict the arrival of a patient in PACU.
 Hygiene monitoring system can detect the cleanliness of
hand.

PT
 Medical staff can provide quality medical service with small
budget using IIoT.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

IIoT Based Electrocardiogram Monitor

EL
Wireless ECG monitor.
Bio signals are collected by ECG sensors.
The collected data are sent to the cloud.
Medical staffs can analyze the health related data in real

PT
time.
QardioCore is an example of wireless ECG monitoring
device.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9

IIoT Based Glucose Level Monitor

EL
Diabetes is metabolic disease, glucose level is high.
Monitoring the glucose level helps meal planning, physical
activity, medication.
Glucose sensor devices are used to check the glucose level.

PT
It notifies the doctors and patients if any abnormal situation
occur.
Dexcom develops continuous glucose monitoring devices.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

IIoT Based Blood Pressure Monitor

EL
Using IIoT device, the patient’s blood pressure is measured
and compared with the other blood pressure.
Doctors can monitor patient’s blood pressure in real time.
Medicines can be prescribed based on this.

PT
iHealth BP5 is IoT based blood monitoring system.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

IIoT Based Body Temperature Monitor

EL
Wearable sensor to continuous monitoring human body
temperature
It measures skin temperature
The WBAN is used to connect to gateway

PT
Kinsa smart thermometer is IoT based body temperature
monitoring devices

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

IIoT Based Oxygen Saturation Monitor

EL
Oxygen saturation= ratio of oxyhemoglobin to total
hemoglobin
Pulse Oxiometry measures the oxygen saturation.
IoT is integrated with Pulse Oxiometry.

PT
Bluetooth is used for connectivity.
Low cost device to remotely monitor patient’s health.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

IIoT Based Contact Lenses

EL
The IIoT based smart contact lense support WiFi signal,
conneted with smart phone.
It consists of micro camera, sensors.
Sugar level can be measured by tears. Smart contact

PT
lenses can monitor the sugar level.
 It can monitors human health conditions.
It can detect various diseases, if any abnormal situation is
found.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

IIoT Based Asthma Treatment

EL
Asthma is lifelong disease, can be controlled, not cured.
Inhaler is commonly used to give proper dose of drugs.
Smart Inhaler can keep track via GPS.
ADAMM Intelligent Asthma Monitoring device.

PT
Wearable device, connected with Bluetooth or WiFi.
From the body temperature, cough rate, heart rate, it
predicts pre symptoms of asthma attack.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

Smartphone :Healthcare Solution

EL
 Electronic devices consist of sensors, which are supported by
smartphone
 Smartphone is used to monitor the health of user and detect
diseases.
 Smartphone’s healthcare app provides low cost healthcare
service.

PT
 Diagnostic apps detect patient’s health condition.
 Medical communication apps connect patients with hospitals.
 Medical education apps provide tutorials.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Smartphone Based Healthcare App

EL
Health Assistant: Keeps track of health condition
Google Fit: Keeps track of different physical activity
ECG Self Monitoring: Serves as ECG device, based on

PT
“ECG Self Check” software.
Instant Heart Rate: Measures heart rate using
smartphone’s camera
Fingerprint Thermometer: Determine body
temperature from the fingureprint

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

IIoT Healthcare Technology

EL
Cloud computing: Provide facilities to shared resources.
Big data: Includes heath data generated from sensor
nodes.

PT
Networks: WBAN, 6LoWPAN, WSN are part of IIoT
based healthcare.
Ambient intelligence: It involves continuous learning
and analyze based on the learning.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18

IIoT Healthcare Security Requirement

EL
Confidentiality: It ensures medical data is not accessible
by unauthorized users.
Integrity: It ensures medical data is not altered by any

PT
third party.
Authentication: It ensures the identity from which the
data is coming.
Availability: It ensures the accessibility of data to valid
users

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

IoT Healthcare Challenges

EL
Less computational capability, not able to perform
expensive operations.
Less on device memory.

PT
Energy limitation, sensor has low power battery.
Not static, mobile devices. Designing mobile enabled
algorithms are challenge.
Designing scalable algorithm without compromising
security is challenge.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20

References

EL
[1] Hoa Hong Nguyen, Farhaan Mirza, M. Asif Naeem and Minh Nguyen, “A Review on IoT Healthcare
Monitoring Applications and a Vision for Transforming Sensor Data into Real-time Clinical Feedback”, in Proc. Of
21st International Conf. on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, IEEE, 2017.
[2] Internet of Things in Healthcare: applications, benefits, and challenges”, IoT, Health & Fitness, peerbits.
[3] Suwon Kim, Seongcheol Kim, “User preference for an IoT healthcare application for lifestyle disease
management”, Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42, no. 4, 2018.
[4] Shareem Thahir, “6 Applications of IoT in the Healthcare Industry”, CABOT, 2016.

PT
[5] Bryan A. Lubel, “Internet of Things healthcare applications, benefits and challenges”, IoT World Today, 2017.
[6] https://www.getqardio.com/qardiocore-wearable-ecg-ekg-monitor-iphone/
[7] Fadi Al-Turjman, Sinem Alturjman, “Context-Sensitive Access in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Healthcare Applications”, IEEE Transactions of Information Informatics, 2018
[8] Shang F, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Liu L, Wan Y, “Validation of the iHealth BP5 wireless upper arm blood pressure
monitor for self-measurement according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol
revision 2010”, Blood Press Monitor , doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3283638f04, 2013.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 21

 EL
PT
Introduction to Internet of Things 22
 EL
IIoT Applications: Power Plants

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Introduction

EL
 Data collected from IIoT enabled devices increase productivity
and efficiency.
 Using IIoT, the equipment can be monitored remotely.
 Sensors collect data and sends to cloud.

PT
 Different machine learning and artificial intelligence based
algorithms are used to analyze the data.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Drivers of IIoT in Power Plant

EL
 Low cost powerful chips
 WiFi chip, cameras, sensors, accelerometers are used.
 Standardization with IPV6
 3G, 4G, 5G networks are used, the devices are standardized with

PT
TCP/IP and IPV6 protocol.
 Standardization with software technology
 Use of artificial intelligence algorithms, and cloud computing software
makes it easier.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3

Digital Power Plant Benefits

EL
 Increase efficiency
 Smart grid- automated devices increases efficiency and reduces
manpower.
 Reduce cost

PT
 Automated devices- no need of money for manpower, fuel, maintenance.
 Improves performance
 Turbine’s performance improvement, remote monitoring.
 Reduce energy demands
 Helps users to learn how to use energy in real time.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

Architecture

EL
Edge
Hub Storage Analytics Action
device

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5
IIoT Maturity Model

EL
Device
Monitor Control Optimization Autonomy autonomy

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6
Communication Network

EL
 Home area network
 Covers in-home IoT devices. Wireless: Zigbee, 6LowPan
 Neighborhood area network
 Distribution domain networks. Data collected from smart devices and
sent to gateways.

PT
 Field area network
 Distribution domain networks. It includes controller, regulators, and
data collector. Wireless: WiMAX, 3G, 4G. Wired: Eathernet.
 Wide area network

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Smart Grid in Power System

EL
Information Wide
Neighborhood Home area
area
flow network
area network network

Distribution

PT
Power flow Generation Transmission and
consumption

Power Step up Step down

Gateway
system transformer transformer

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

IIoT in Power Plants Applications

EL
 Digital twins
 Considered as virtual power plant, reduce fuel and energy
consumption by incorporating data.
 Supply chain management

PT
 Sensors monitor product condition and optimize delivery time.
 Smart pumping
 Combined with sensors and software. Automated flow control.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9

IIoT in Power Plants Applications

EL
 Smart boiler
 Customer can control it by mobile application
 Energy efficient usage
 Automatically reports if any defects are there

PT
 Smart water monitoring
 Detect flow of water and volume of water of a pipe in a time period.
 Sends data to cloud storage.
 Saves wastage of water.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

IIoT in Power Plants Applications

EL
 Smart metering
 Important element of smart grid
 IoT reduces operational costs as operations are remotely managed.
 Reduces the chance of energy loss.

PT
 Building automation
 Monitors the building remotely.
 Elevators, lighting systems, and other electronic systems are
connected through internet.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCDA)

EL
 Software and hardware allows organization to process locally
or remotely.
 Sensors gather real time data.
 Programmable logic controller or remote terminal units

PT
communicate with different objects and route the data to
SCDA software.
 SCDA software processes the data. Then users analyze the
data to make decision.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI)

EL
 It comprises whole infrastructure- smart meters,
communication networks.
 Smart meters: collect information about energy, water etc.
Transmits the data to network.
 Communication network: Broadband over PowerLine, Fixed

PT
radio frequency are used.
 Meter data acquisition system: gathers data from smart
meters
 Meter data management system: analyze the data.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

IIoT in Electricity Sector

EL
 Efficient power grid system
 Collect data from sensors
 Use the data to manage resources
 Optimization, stakeholders take decision about power usage.

grid.
PT
 Data collected from sensors can easily predict if any failure in

 Predict earlier if any accident is going to happen.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

IIoT in Water Sector

EL
 Saves water using smart sensors.
 IoT sensors track water pressure, water quality etc.
 The gathered data is sent to utility company to analyze the
data.

PT
 It gives public useful information about how to stop wastage
of water.
 It also predicts the water leakage.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

IIoT in Wind Energy Sector

EL
 In wind energy sector, large turbines are used. The factories
also locate at remote location, It is hard to maintain.
 With IoT, the local control system can adjust switches and
software.

PT
 The remote location of farm is not an issue with IoT.
 IoT can predict any issues of turbines easily and it can be
addressed earlier before any large scale damage.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

IIoT in Solar Energy Sector

EL
 In IoT based solar energy sector, sensors monitor their
performances from the control panel.
 The gathered data is sent to cloud server to analyze.
 IoT helps to understand the problem of device whether it is

PT
hardware related problem or network related problem.
 IoT helps to detect any problem in real time.
 IoT can manage the largest solar grid.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Challenges of IIoT in Power Plant

EL
 Security issues
 Privacy issues, chances of denial of service attack.
 Low power devices

PT
 IoT devices are resource constrained devices, battery powered
devices.
 Scalability issues
 Number of devices are increasing, Increase of data bandwidth.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18

Challenges of IIoT in Power Plant

EL
 Determinism of network
 Using cloud makes the process delay about 200 msec or more.
 Poorly designed

PT
 Most of the devices are poorly designed as different protocols are
used.
 It lacks of standard authentication for the edge devices.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

References

EL
[1] “6 Ways IoT is Energizing Power Plants”, Industrial Intelligence, Available at www.industrialintelligence.net
[2] Arun Ramamurthy and Pramod Jain, “The Internet of Things in the Power Sector Opportunities in Asia and
Pacific”, ABS Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, no:$*, 2017.
[3] Rob Young, John McCue, Christian Grant, “The power is on: How IoT technology is driving energy
innovation”, The Internet of Things in the electric power industry, 2016.
[4] “3 Major Challenges IoT is facing”, 10 libros de ciencia para el verano, 2018.
[5] Walters Nyambi, “The IoT Revolution: challenges and opportunities”, genevabusiness news, 2016.

PT
[6] “Applications of IoT in Manufacturing Plants”, The Manufacturer, 2018.
[7] “Internet of Things(IoT): Transforming Energy $ Utilities Sector”, COGNITIVE TODAY.
[8] Pat Kennedy, “Six big data challenges for the power industry “, Power Engineering, 2018.
[9] “Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for Power Plants”, 2018, Available at: https://www.vdi-
wissensforum.de/en/event/iiot-for-power-plants/
[10] “IIoT in 2017: 3 Reasons to Make the Leap”, 2017, Available at:
https://www.ge.com/power/transform/article.transform.articles.2017.jun.iiot-in-2017-3-reasons-to-make#

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20

 EL
PT
Introduction to Internet of Things 21
 EL
IIoT Applications: Inventory Management & Quality
Control

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Inventory Management

EL
 Inventory
“a usable but idle resource having some economic value”
[P. Vrat, Materials Management]
 Inventory Management

PT
 Activities entailing management of inventory such as:
 Controlling, overseeing and ordering
 Storage
 Determine supply for sale

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Supply Chain and Inventory Management

EL
Raw Material Distribution Retail

Supplier
PTFactory Customer
https://svgsilh.com/svg_v2/36265.svg

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3

 Inventory Management and IIoT

EL
Raw Materials
Purchasing Stock Out Production
Stock In
Dept. Dept.
Components

Sales Dept.
PT
Stock Out
Finished
Product
Stock In

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

Functions of Inventory Management

EL
 Meet anticipated demand
 Smoothen the production requirement procedure
 Decouple components of the production-distribution system
 Protection against stock outs


PT
Proper order cycles
Hedge against price increases or to take advantage of quantity
discounts
 Smoothen the flow of operations

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5

Requirements for Effective Inventory Management

EL
 Keep track of the inventory
 Forecast of demand
 Manage lead times and lead time variability

PT
 Estimate inventory holding costs, ordering costs, and shortage
costs
 Classification of inventories

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6

Quality Control

EL
 “system of routine technical activities, to measure and control
the quality of the inventory as it is being developed”
[IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management
in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories]

PT
 Internally maintained by the management to provide product
satisfaction to the customers

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Objectives:

EL
 Routine and consistent checks
 Ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness
 Rectify errors and omissions
 Document and archive inventory material and record all QC

PT
activities

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) tags

EL
 Used in an identification system
 Uses Radio waves for communication
 RFID Tagging system consists of:
 The RFID tag
 Read/write device

PT
 Host System
 Two types:
 Active RFID tags
 Passive RFID tags
 Finds scope in data collection, processing, and transmission applications
https://c1.staticflickr.com/4/3856/14891130616_d155bbf0cd_b.jpgt

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9

Passive RFID Tags

EL
 No internal power source
 Relies on backscattering
 Wait for a signal from an RFID reader

PT
 Powered by electromagnetic energy from this signal
 Have shorter range than Active RFID tags
 Small in size and thickness

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

Active RFID Tags

EL
 Battery powered
 Broadcasts information signal in the form of a beacons
 Have longer range and memory than passive RFID tags

PT
 Bulky and expensive as compared to passive RFID tags

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Semi-Passive tags

EL
 Has an onboard battery to power the IC
 But no active transmitter
 Relies on backscattering

PT
 Does not depend on signals from reader for power
 Does not create additional noise

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

RFID tags over Barcodes

EL
 Barcodes are printed on paper and plastic which makes them
vulnerable
 Barcodes need to be on Line of Sight of the readers
 Only one barcode can be read at a time

PT
 Barcodes have less security and hence can be forged
 Barcodes cannot contain any added information

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

Applications

EL
 Identification of products
 Added information along with ID
 Comprehensive visibility

PT
 Built in GPS
 Warehouse management

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

Applications (contd.)

EL
 Added information along with ID:
 Current storage temperature
 Weather condition
 Damage (if any)
 etc

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15
Applications (contd.)

EL
 Comprehensive Visibility
 Inventory levels
 Expiration dates
 Item location

 etc
PT
Forecast demand

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Applications (contd.)

EL
 Warehouse management
 Shrink, Shortage, Overstock of
commodities

PT
 Identification of efficient areas based on
demand

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Applications (contd.)

EL
 Similarly in transportation modes
 Track time and place of congestion
 Compute delay and alternate routes
 Commute with efficient time and mode

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18
Problems that can be eliminated

EL
 Data inconsistency
 Staff training expenses
 Human errors
 Data scattering



PT
Lapse in security
Slow operation
Other hidden costs

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

References

EL
[1] Vrat, P. (2014). Materials Management. Springer.
[2] Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. (2000). 16th
IPCC Plenary, Montreal.
[3] Stevenson, W. J. (2001) Operations Management, 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin.

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20
 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 21
 EL
IIoT Applications: Plant Security and Safety

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Plant Security and Safety

EL
“freedom from risk or danger; Opportunity
safety”

[The American Heritage Intrusion

PT
Dictionary]

Motive
Triangle

Means

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Plant Safety

EL
 Health and well being of the industry as
a whole
 Hazards in a plant are catastrophic
 Aim: Protection of human and plant

PT
resources

https://pixabay.com/en/helmet-engineer-hard-hat-hardhat-35053/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3

Plant Security and Safety

EL
Software
Network Security
Security

Device

PT
Security

Plant Security and Safety

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

Need for Software Security

EL
 Steal valuable information
 Unauthorized monitoring of sensitive content
 Corrupt behavior of software

PT
 Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
 Overflows, Overrides and Overwrites
 Padding

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5

Software Security

EL
Integrity

PT Authentication Availability

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6

Integrity

EL
 Assurance of an uncorrupted data
 Correct functioning even under malicious attack
 Maintain consistency, accuracy, and trustworthiness of data
over its entire life cycle

PT
 Assurance that data is not altered by unauthorized people

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Authentication

EL
 Identification of user
 Verification of credentials entered (local or remote)
 Access control based on these credentials

PT
 Protection of resources

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

Availability

EL
 Ratio of time of functioning to the total time
 Extent to which the software continues functioning when a
component or set of components fail
 Strong relation between availability and reliability

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9
Requirements

EL
 Good programming techniques
 Install good firewalls
 Detect intrusions

PT
 Good preventive measures

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

Network Security

EL
 Maintain usability and integrity of network and data
 Management of access to the network
 Both hardware and software

PT
 Protection against variety of threats

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Types of Network Security

EL
 Access control
Provide access based on user identity
 Antivirus and antimalware software
Scan for malware detection and prevention

PT
 Application security
Protection of software after creation

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

Types of Network Security (contd.)

EL
 Behavioral analytics
 Detection of abnormal behavior by the network
 Data loss prevention
 Prevention of unauthorized sharing of sensitive data

PT
 Email security
 Protection against phishing attacks

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

Types of Network Security (contd.)

EL
 Firewalls
 Barrier between trusted internal network and the external networks
 Intrusion prevention systems
 Detection and blocking attacks

PT
 Mobile device security
 Device level security

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

Types of Network Security (contd.)

EL
 Network segmentation
 Divide the network into smaller parts and enforce security policies
explicitly
 Security information and event management

PT
 Gather information for security staff to identify and respond to threats
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
 Encrypt connection from an endpoint to a network

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

Device Security

EL
 Protection of sensitive information stored on and transmitted
by portable devices
 Portable devices:
 Smart phones


 PT
Tablets
Laptops
Other mobile devices

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Components

EL
 Endpoint security
 Monitoring of mobile devices (files and processes) that access a
network
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

PT
 Encrypt connection from a mobile device to a network
 Secure web gateway
 Identification of an attack on one location and prevention of the same
at other locations (integration of security with the cloud)

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Components (contd.)

EL
 Email security
 Protection against phishing attacks
 Cloud access security broker
 Securing the tasks being performed on the cloud

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18
Virtual Reality (VR)

EL
 Computer generated interactive environment
 Transpose the user
 Isolate the user from the current world

PT
 Example: Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR, Google Cardboard

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

Augmented Reality (AR)

EL
 Enhanced reality (adds a digital layer over the real world)
 Does not isolate the user to a different world
 Can add details to things a user tries to examine (can be used
by retailers to sell their products)
 Examples:

PT
 Bus stop prank by Pepsi Max
 Pokémon Go

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20

Risks (AR/VR)

EL
!
 Prone to attacks by hackers
 Compromised content on the screen
 Intellectual Property (IP) rights

PT
 Privacy and Security issues
 Risks pertaining to user’s health

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 21

Reference

EL
[1] Network Security Basics. (2013) Elsevier SciTech Connect.
[2] Plant Safety Procedure, Swinburne University of Technology
[3] Canavan, J. E. and House, A. (2001). Fundamentals of Network Security
[4] What Is Network Security? Online. URL: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-
network-security.html
[5] What Is Mobile Device Security? Online. URL: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/small-

PT
business/resource-center/secure-my-business/mobile-device-security.html

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 22

 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 23
 EL
IIoT Applications: Facility Management

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Facility Management

EL
“guiding and managing the operations and maintenance of
buildings, precincts and community infrastructure on behalf of
property owners”
[Facilities Management Good Practice Guide]

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2
Facility Management

EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3
Facility Management

EL
 Support services for organizations
 Integrates people, place and process
 Improve quality of working environment

PT
 Improve productivity

Closely related to the operations conducted in a building

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

 EL
Subcontractors Customers/Tenants

Owner

PT
Buildings/Facilities

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5

Scope of IoT in Facility Management

EL
 Accessing new insights:
 Gather data, reduce power consumption
 Implementing new technology:
 Implementing new technology like Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) and data

PT
security
 Addressing cost barrier:
 Increases operating efficiency and reduce maintenance cost

6
Support Services

EL
 Finance
 Planning and reviewing of budget
 Information Technology
 Improve the ability to co‐ordinate among the installed devices

PT
 Human Resources
 Improve the quality of workforce and the environment

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Support Services (contd.)

EL
 Administrative Support
 Monitoring, gathering, disseminating relevant information and take
decisions
 Marketing

PT
 Research potential customers
 Knowledge
 Business Development
 Overall growth of business

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

Key Idea

EL
 Comprehensive detail of every machine
 Faults, history, usage and modifications
 Data consistency
 Harmonized decisions

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9
Real Power

EL
 Predict events before they occur
 Measures to prevent predicted hazards

PT
Need for Big Data and advanced analytics to analyze them

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

Optimization

EL
 Optimized usage of resources:
 Manpower
 Assets
 Technology


PT
Cost-effectiveness

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Challenges

EL
 Cost management
 Balancing the quality of the facility and its budget
 Ageing inventory
 Need for proactive preventive and maintenance procedures

PT
 Changing regulatory and compliance standards
 Need for improvement and new ways to stand out from competitors
 Security Management
 Security against breaches and threats

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

IoT Application in Facility Management

EL
 Lighting
 Refrigeration
 Smart Meters

PT
 Fire Suppression Systems
 Appliances with Embedded Sensors/Software

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

IoT Application in Facility Management (Contd..)

EL
 Security and Safety Alarms
 Monitor alarms, smoke detector, other life safety systems remotely
 Real time information about emergency
 Central Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)

PT
“we will start to see an ecosystem of tools and services develop that will
make the HVAC system more efficient and easier to operate,” Dan
McJacobson, McGuire Engineers

14
IoT Application in Facility Management (Contd..)

EL
 Room Reservation and Scheduling
 Checking real time status of meeting rooms and avoid double-booking
 Monitoring Stock and Usage of Supplies
 Monitor usage of restrooms


 PT
Efficient supply management
Water management
Monitor transmission lines and pipes

15
 EL
Owner

Electricity Lighting

PT
Security

Subcontractors Customers
Smart Meters

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Analytics in Facility Management (contd..)

EL
 Managing Energy Consumption
 Data-driven Decision-making
 Operational Cost-optimization

PT
 Remote Monitoring of Facilities
 Determining the Exact Square-foot Utilization of Office Space

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Benefits

EL
 Improve customer experience
 Prevent unauthorized access
 Real-time tracking

PT
 The ability to do more with less

18
References

EL
[1] Facilities Management Good Practice Guide. (2012). FMA Australia
[2] Woon C. J., Ali A. S. & Rahim F. A. M. Facilities Management Practices for Office Building: The Case of Klang
Valley, Malaysia
[3] Bröchner, J. (1991). Information Technology and Facilities Management. Facilities. Vol. 9 Issue: 1/2, (pp. 28-
33)
[4] IoT and analytics: Changing the reality of facility management. Online. URL:
https://www.softwebsolutions.com/resources/IoT-intlligent-building-for-facility-management.html
[5] 4 Tasks in Facilities Management That IoT Could Take Over. Online. URL:

PT
https://www.aranca.com/knowledge-library/articles/business-research/4-tasks-in-facilities-management-that-
iot-could-take-over
[6] Improving Operations And Maintenance With IoT. Online. URL:
https://facilityexecutive.com/2018/01/improving-operations-and-maintenance-with-iot/
[7] Barker. I. C. (2013). A Practical Introduction to Facilities Management. Whittles Publishing
[8] For Facility Managers, Internet of Things Changes the Game. Online. URL:
https://www.facilitiesnet.com/facilitiesmanagement/article/For-Facility-Managers-Internet-of-Things-Changes-
the-Game-Facilities-Management-Facilities-Management-Feature--16253

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20