MKT2802 Logic Circuits
Dr. Kadir ERKAN
Mechatronics Engineering Department
Spring : 2021
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 1
Teaching Assistants : Berke Oğulcan Parlak
Classroom : A-503
Office : E2-Blok No:24
E-mail : kerkandersler1@gmail.com
Web : www.yildiz.edu.tr~kerkan
Office Hours : Monday 17:00~18:00
Tuesday 12:00~13:00
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 2
Objectives of the course
To teach students
the basics of digital electronic devices and known
logic circuit topologies
fundamentals of boolean logics
how to employ boolean logic to resolve digital
electronic problems
analyzing methods of complex digital systems and
logic circuits
design techniques of digital systems to accomplish
the specified tasks
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 3
Tentative Course Plan
Week Topics
Course description, motivation of the course number systems, base
1
conversions, representation of signed and signed numbers
2 Digital codes, Boolean algebra and logic devices (gates)
3 Boolean functions and simplification and optimization techniques
4 Fundamental combinational circuits and their analysis methods
5 Arithmetic operations and implementations by digital devices
6 Mux Demux circuits, coders and decoders
7 Multifunctional circuits and applications
8 Flip – Flops and registers
9 Mid 1 Exam
10 Sequential circuits and their analysis methods
11 Asynchronous Sequential Circuits
12 Synchronous Sequential Circuits
13 Special purpose counters and their applications
14 Shift registers and practical application samples
15 Final Exam
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 4
Recommended Resources
»Digital Electronics 1: Combinational Logic Circuits», Tertulien Ndjountche, ISTE Ltd
and John Wiley
»Digital Electronics 2: Sequential and Arithmetic Logic Circuits», Tertulien
Ndjountche, ISTE Ltd and John Wiley
«Digital Design», Morris Mano, 2006, Prentice Hall
«Sayısal Tasarım», Morris Mano, 2010, Literatür Yayıncılık
«Digital Circuit Analysis and Design with Simulink Modelling and Introduction to
CPLDs and FPGAs», Steven T. Carris , 2007, Orchard Publication
«Digital Fundamentals» Thomas L. Floyd, 2006, Pearson Prentice Hall
«Temel ve İleri Düzey Dijital Elektronik», Hüseyin Demirel, 2012, Birsen Yayınevi
«Mantık devreleri: Sayısal Elektronik»; Hüseyin Ekiz, 2005, Değişim Yayıncılık
«TTL CMOS Databook»
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 5
Recommended Resources
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 6
Computer Packages
Proteus (ISIS)
Orcad Schematic (Pspice) Cadence
MultiSim
Tina
Matlab/Simulink
Some other packages
ModelSim (CPLD, FPGA based system design)
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 7
Grading Policy
Activity Number Percentage(%)
Attendance 75% Officialy Compulsory
Assignemnt 4 4 x5= 20
Term Project
Mid Term Exams 1 40
Final 1 40
Mid Term Activities Contribution 60
Final Exam Contribution 40
TOTAL 100
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 8
Fundamental Concepts
Electronic circuits can be classified into to groups according to processed signals
Analog Electronic Circuits
Digital Electronic Circuits
Analog System
Digital System
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 9
Analog – Discrete – Digital Signals
Analog signal
Discrete Signal
Digital signal
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 10
Advantages of digital systems
more reliable because of using finite set of values
employed mathematical methods quite easy to understand
testing and diagnosis much simpler
flexible to use and readily programmable
storing digital information is easier
smaller realization technologies are possible and well developed and outlined…
There are really very few drawbacks when using digital techniques. The two
biggest problems are:
The real world is analog and digitizing always introduces some error.
Processing digitized signals takes time.
To take advantage of digital techniques when dealing with analog inputs and
outputs, four steps must be followed:
1. Convert the physical variable to an electrical signal (analog).
2. Convert the electrical (analog) signal into digital form.
3. Process (operate on) the digital information.
4. Convert the digital outputs back to real-world analog form.
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 11
Advantages of digital systems
To take advantage of digital techniques when dealing with analog inputs and
outputs, four steps must be followed:
1. Convert the physical variable to an electrical signal (analog).
2. Convert the electrical (analog) signal into digital form.
3. Process (operate on) the digital information.
4. Convert the digital outputs back to real-world analog form.
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 12
Digital Logic Concept
Two valued logic is used to formalize digital
systems. That is originated from
Aristotle’s Logic.
White
NO GRAY
Black
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 13
Decimal Number System
r =10 is the base (radix). The base number can not be represented by 2’s power
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 numerals are used to define a decimal number…
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 14
Binary Number System
r =2 is the base number. Base number can be represented by 2’s power
0,1 numerals are used…
Each one of 0 and 1 is called as BIT.
For a binary number the most right bit is named LSB (Least Significant Bit)
Meanwhile the most left bit is called by MSB (Most Significant Bit)
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 15
How is an analog signal represented in a digital system?
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 16
Octal Number System
r =8 is the base value. The base can be represented by 2’s power.
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 numerals are used…
The most right digit LSD (Least Significant Digit)
The most left digit MSD (Most Significant Digit)
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 17
Hexadecimal Number System
r =16 is the base value. The base can be represented by 2’s power
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F symbols are used.
The most right digit LSD (Least Significant Digit)
The most left digit MSD (Most Significant Digit)
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 18
Decimal-Binary Conversion
The flowchart for repeated-division
(succesive-division) method of decimal-
to-binary
conversion of integers is given below.
The same process can be used to
convert a decimal integer to any other
number system.
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 19
Decimal-Binary Conversion
(125)10=(?)2
Example:
(13)10=(?)2
Bakkal bölmesi…
successive division methods!!!
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 20
Decimal- Binary Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 21
Decimal-Octal Conversion
(250)10=(?)8 (777)10=(?)8
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 22
Octal - Decimal Conversion
Example: convert (632)8 = (?)10
(?)10
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 23
Decimal-Hexadecimal Conversion
EXAMPLE: Determine the radix 16 representation for the decimal numbers 291 and
1000.
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 24
Hexadecimal - Decimal Conversion
EXAMPLE: convert (F4C)16 to decimal
(3916)10
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 25
Different Base – Decimal Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 26
Different Base - Decimal Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 27
Generalization : Different Base Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 28
Binary Octal Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 29
Binary Octal Conversion
EXAMPLE: Determine the radix 8 representation for the decimal numbers 85 and
129.
Radix 8 representations are obtained by replacing each group of three bits by the
equivalent octal number. We can therefore write:
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 30
Binary Octal Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 31
Binary Hexadecimal Conversion
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 32
Binary Hexadecimal Conversion
EXAMPLE: Convert the decimal numbers 31 and 2, 988 into hexadecimal.
To obtain the equivalent hexadecimal from the binary representation, each group
of four bits is replaced by the corresponding hexadecimal digit. We therefore have:
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 33
Representations Binary Numbers in Registers
Unsigned Number
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 34
Representations Binary Numbers in Registers
Signed Number
İşaret Biti = Sign Bit
• =0 pozitive number
• =1 negative number
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 35
Representations Binary Numbers in Registers
3/21/2021 Logic Circuits 36
