VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590018
Mini Project Report on
“ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM”
Submitted by
Trupti M Pattankudi
USN: 2VX21SCS04
Under the Guidance of
Prof.Bharati
Associate Professor
VTU Belagavi
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VTU BELAGAVI – 590 018
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590018
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the Mini Project on , title “ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT
SYSTEM” carried out by TRUPTI M PATTANKUDI [USN: 2VX21SCS04] bonafide student
of Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jnana Sangama , VTU, Belagavi in
partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-22. It is
certified that all correction/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated
in the report. The mini project on advanced topics has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements for the said degree.
Signature of the Guide
Prof. Bharati
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590018
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
DECLARATION
I, TRUPTI M PATTANKUDI[USN: 2VX21SCS04] the student of I Semester M. Tech,
Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
hereby declare that the Mini Project title “ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM”
has been prepared and presented by me and submitted in partial fulfilment of the course
requirements for the award of degree in Master of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-2022.
Place: Belagavi
TRUPTI M PATTANKUDI
USN: 2VX21SCS04
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590018
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the progress and completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement ground our efforts with success. I consider it as a privilege to
express my sincere gratitude and respect to all those who guided and inspired me.
I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to our guide and project coordinator Prof.
Bharati, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VTU,
Belagavi, for her constant guidance and suggestions. Her incessant encouragement and
invaluable support have been of immense help.
It’s a great privilege to express my respect to Prof. Bharati, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, VTU, Belagavi, who had been great source of inspiration towards
taking up this topic and its successful completion.
Last but not the least; I deeply appreciate the cheerful encouragement of my parents, all
staff members of my department and my friends.
Trupti M Pattankudi
USN: 2VX21SCS04
ABSTRACT
Speed is one of the basic reasons for vehicle accident. Many lives could have been saved if
emergency services could get accident information and reach in time. This project deals
with accident detection system when the accident occurs it uses various components and
alerts the Rescue team for help. An efficient automatic accident detection with an
automatic notification to the emergency service with the accident location is a prime need
to save the precious human life. The proposed system deals with accident alerting and
detection. It reads the exact latitude and longitude of the vehicle involved in the accident
and sends this information to nearest emergency service provider. The goal of the project is
to detect accidents and alert the rescue team in time.
i
Table of Contents
Abstract i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
Chapter No. Name of The Chapter Page No.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Relavance of the project 1
2 Literature review 2
2.1 Previous work 2
2.2 Problem Statement 2
2.3 Objectives of the project 2
3 System requirements specification 3
3.1 Functional requirements 3
3.2 Non functional requirements 3
3.3 Hardware requirements 4
3.4 Software requirements 6
4 Methodology 7
4.1 Block Diagram 7
5 Implementation 8
5.1 Proposed algorithm 8
5.3 Results 9
6 Conclusion and future scope 10
References 11
Annexure 12
ii
List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Caption Page No.
1 Block Diagram of GSM 4
2 Block diagram of GPS 5
3 Block diagram of Arduino 6
4 Block diagram 7
5 Result 9
Accident detection and alert system
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The development of a transportation system has been the generative power for human
beings to have the highest civilization above creatures in the earth. Automobile has a great
importance in our daily life. We utilize it to go to our work place, keep in touch with our
friends and family, and deliver our goods. But it can also bring disaster to us and even can
kill us through accidents. Speed is one of the most important and basic risk factors in
driving. It not only affects the severity of a crash, but also increases risk of being involved in
a crash.
Despite many efforts taken by different governmental and non-governmental organizations
all around the world by various programs to aware against careless driving, yet accidents are
taking place every now and then. However, many lives could have been saved if the
emergency service could get the crash information in time. A study by Virtanen et al. shows
that 4.6% of the fatalities in accidents could have been prevented only if the emergency
services could be provided at the place of accident at the proper time. As such, efficient
automatic accident detection with an automatic notification to the emergency service with
the accident location is a prime need to save the precious human life.
1.1 Relevance of the Project
• The accidental detection and alert system are designed to detect the accidents and
alert rescue team in time.
• Arduino is major control unit to communicate between devices when an accident
occurs, which helps in transferring messages to different devices in the system. •
Receiving pin of GSM module and transmitting pin of GPS module are used to
communication.
• GPS module will find the location of the vehicle and the information is fetched by the
receiver through the coordinates and the received data is sent to Arduino and the alert to
rescue team by GSM module.
• The accelerometer and gyroscope detect the accident occurrence by the reading
produced by the movements of the vehicle.
• The vibration sensor is also used to detect the accident by producing voltage from the
impact of vehicle movements.
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Accident detection and alert system
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Previous work
This paper proposes to utilize the capability of a GPS receiver to monitor the speed of
a vehicle and detect an accident basing on the monitored speed and send the location and
time of the accident from GPS data processed by a micro-Controller by using the GSM
network to the Alert Service Centre[1].
This paper proposes to utilize the capability of Accelerometer and Gyroscope to
obtain the data and detect an accident basing on the orientation angle and orientation. Then
send the location of the accident from GPS data processed by a microcontroller by using the
GSM network to the nearest hospital provided over the network and alerts their family
members too[2].
This paper proposes to utilize the capability of a Piezoelectric sensor to detect an
accident basing on the voltage produced by collision and send the location and time of the
accident from GPS data processed by a micro-Controller by using the GSM network to the
Alert Service Centre[3].
2.2 Problem statement
Vehicle accidents are one of the most leading causes of death. Road accident is the
most unwanted thing to happen to a road user, though they happen quite often. The most
unfortunate thing is that we don't learn from our mistakes on the road. Most of the road users
are quite well aware of the general rules and safety measures while using the roads, but it is
only the laxity on the part of road users, which causes accidents and crashes.
2.3 Objectives of the project
The objective is to overcome accidents by monitoring any change in the speed of
the vehicle whereas the accelerometer can detect the fall. The Arduino is the major control
unit to detect or alert when an accident occurs. It collects the data from the accelerometer,
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Accident detection and alert system
GPS, GSM modules and reflects the output. This will reach the rescue service in time and
save live.
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
This Chapter describes about the requirements. It specifies he hardware and
software requirements that are in order to run the system properly. The Hardware
Requirement Specification is explained in detail, which includes the overview of functional
and non-functional requirements.
3.1 Functional Requirements
Functional Requirements defines the function of the system and gives the outline of what the
system does.
• Auto detection mode is the identifier it holds the purpose of automatically detects
when the accident occurs and it also sends the alert. The pre-condition is that turning on auto
detection mode and the post-condition is On detection of accident and alert message will be
sent.
• Adding emergency contacts it specifies the contacts that has to be saved, the purpose
of doing so helps in sending the alert message when the accident occurs.
• Sending the Alert message this requires the emergency contacts to be saved. It
involves the action to be performed when the emergency message pops up.
3.2 Non-Functional Requirements
Non-functional requirements are the requirements which are not directly concerned with the
specific function delivered by the system. They specify the criteria that can be used to judge
the operation of a system rather than specific behaviours.
The designed system will respond when the accident occurs it uses the proposed
methodology of this project in detecting the accident, the detection depends on the speed of
GPS in order to locate the spot and send the alert to medical emergency using the GSM
module
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3.3 Hardware Requirements
• Arduino
• GPS module
• GSM module
• Accelerometer and Gyroscope
• Vibration Sensor
• Power Supply
• Connecting Wires
• Breadboard or PCB
3.3.1 Working of GSM
For providing communication between the GPS, GSM and the allocated mobile number
GSM SIM900 module is preferred. The name SIM900 says that, it is a tri band work ranging
a frequency of 900MHz to 1900 MHz such as EGSM900 MHz, PCS 1900 MHz and DSC
100 MHz Receiving pin of GSM module and transmitting pin of GPS module are used for
communication between the modules and the mobile phone.
Fig1: Block diagram of GSM
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3.3.2 Working of GPS
To find the location on the earth the whole is divided into some coordinates where the
location can be easily captured by a module called GPS module. Here the GPS used is
SIM28ML. This GPS module will find the location of the vehicle and the information fetched
by the GPS receiver is received through the coordinates and the received data is first send to
Arduino and the information is transmitted to the saved contact through GSM module. The
frequency is operated in the range of 1575.42 MHz and the output of GPS module is in
NMEA format which includes data like location in real time
Fig2 : Block diagram of GPS
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3.3.3 Working of Arduino
The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-source microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The Arduino is the major
control unit to detect or alert when an accident occurs. It collects the data from vibration
sensor, GPRS and GSM modules and reflects the output either in display system or through a
message. Here vibration sensor plays a major role. This vibration sensor will receive the
vibrations of the vehicle which in turn acts as a accident detection module. Arduino gathers
the information from all other modules and sends the message to the receiver though GSM
module.
Fig 3 : Block diagram of Arduino
3.4 Software Requirements
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on
Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects to
complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists,
artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
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Accident detection and alert system
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of
great help to novices and experts alike.
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
4.1 Block Diagram
Fig 4: Block diagram of the circuit
Monitoring the speed of the vehicle and detecting if there is any sudden
drop in the speed of the vehicle. Arduino UNO is used as controlling unit, it reads the
values from accelerometer. Accelerometer detects if there is any fall in axis. If Arduino
observes any drastic change in the speed of the vehicle. It reads the current location from
GPS module and sends it to the mobile number through SMS by using GSM module.
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Accident detection and alert system
Before sending the SMS Arduino activates the buzzer, after thirty seconds of beeping it
goes off and the SMS will be sent But if the passenger is not in danger, he can press the
“IAM OKAY” button. This is done to prevent the situations where it would it lead false
accident rescue.
CHAPTER 5
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IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Proposed Algorithm
Arduino uno is used as controlling unit, communicating between modules for
better information transformation at time. Accelerometer can be used for detecting the
collision direction from tri-lateral axis movements. Gyroscope can be used for rollover
collisions after a threshold of roll and pitch values, the weight and centre of gravity of vehicle
plays an important role in rollover. The device also confirms from vibration sensors which
detects the collision after a threshold voltage increase. Then a buzzer is provided to abort the
false detection of accident to the passenger. Within of limited time of buzzer signal the GPS
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Accident detection and alert system
module collects the coordinates from Google Module. The saved personal members of family
are informed regarding the accident through GSM module.
5.2 RESULT
Fig 5:RESULT
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Accident detection and alert system
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
A system to detect an event of accident has been developed. The proposed system
deals with accident alerting and detection. It reads the exact latitude and longitude of the
vehicle involved in the accident and sends this information to nearest emergency service
provider. Arduino helps in transferring the message to different devices in the system.
Accelerometer monitors the accident happening direction and gyroscope is used to determine
rollover of the vehicle. The information is transferred to the registered number through GSM
module. Using GPS, the location can be sent through tracking system to cover the
geographical coordinates over the area.
The future scope of this system can have some improvisation using a wireless
webcam can be added in this for capturing the images which will help in providing driver`s
assistance. This can also be bettered by locking all the brakes automatically in case of
accident. Mostly in accidents, it becomes serious as the drivers lose control and fails to stop
the vehicle. In such cases, the vibration sensor will be triggered because of the vibrations
received and also processed by the processor. The processor has to be linked to the devices
which can lock the brakes when triggered. With this improvement, we can stop the vehicle
and can weaken the impact of the accident. This system can also be utilized in fleet
management, food services, traffic violation cases, rental vehicle services etc.
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REFERENCES
[1] T Kalyani, S Monika, B Naresh,Mahendra Vucha, Accident Detection and Alert System,
IJITEE, March 2019(Base paper).
[2] Parag Parmar, Ashok M.Sapkal, Real time detection and reporting of vehicle collision,
IEEE,2017
[3] Md. Syedul Amin, Jubayer Jalil, M.B.I.Reaz, Accident Detection and Reporting System
using GPS,GPRS and GSM Technology, IEEE,2012.
[4] Gowshika B, MadhuMitha, G,Jayashree,Vehicle accident detection system using GPS,
GSM modem, IRJET,2019.
[5] Sayanee Nanda, Harshada Joshi, Smitha Khairnar, An IOT Based Smart System for
Accident Prevention and Detection,IEEE,2018.
[6] Norsuzila Yaacob, Ainnur Eiza Azhar, Azita Laily Yusofl, Suzi Seroja Sarnin,
Darmawaty Mohd Ali and Ammar Anuar, Real Time Wireless Accident Tracker using
Mobile Phone,IEEE,2017.
[7] S.Sonika, Dr.K.Sathyasekhar, S.Jaishree, Intelligent accident identification system using
GPS, GSM modem,DARCCE,2014.
[8] Dhruvesh H.Patel, Parth Sadatiya, Dhruvbhai K. Patel, Prasann Barot, IoT based
Obligatory usage of Safety Equipment for Alcohol and Accident Detection,IEEE,2019.
[9] Ajith Kumar.A, Jaganivasan.V, Sathish.T, Mohanram.S,Accident detection and alert
system using GPS&GSM,IJOPAAM,2018.
[10] Shadman Sakib, Mohammad Sayem Bin Abdullah,GPS-GSM based Inland Vessel
Tracking System for Automatic Emergency Detection and Position
Notification,IEEE,2016.
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ANNEXURE
#include <math.h>
#include <TinyGPS.h> #include <Softwareserial.h> const int x_out = A1;
/* connect x_out of module to A1 of UNO board */ const int y_out = A2;
/* connect y_out of module to A2 of UNO board */ int vib_pin=7
/* connect z_out of module to A3 of UNO board */ TinyGPS gps;
float lat=12.9647771,lon=77.7088037;
SoftwareSerial gpsSerial(3,4); //rx,tx
SoftwareSerial mySerial(9,10);
void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600); mySerial.begin(9600); gpsSerial.begin(9600);
pinMode(vib_pin,INPUT); delay(1000);
}
void readgsm()
{ //Begin serial communication with Arduino and Arduino IDE
(Serial Monitor)
Serial.begin(9600); //Begin serial communication with Arduino and SIM900
mySerial.begin(9600); Serial.println("Initializing..."); delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT"); //Handshaking with SIM900
updateSerial();
//Serial.println("Hello"); mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
// Configuring TEXT mode updateSerial();
//Serial.println("Hello");
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+919030246810\""); //change ZZ with country code
and xxxxxxxxxxx with phone number to sms
updateSerial();
//Serial.println("Hello"); mySerial.print("http://maps.google.com/maps?
q="); //text content mySerial.print(lat); mySerial.print(",");
mySerial.print(lon); updateSerial(); mySerial.write(26);
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return;
}
void updateSerial()
{ delay(500); while
(Serial.available())
{
mySerial.write(Serial.read()); //Forward what Serial received to Software Serial
Port
}
while(mySerial.available())
{
Serial.write(mySerial.read()); //Forward what Software Serial received to Serial Port
}
}
void readgps()
{ while(gpsSerial.available()){ // check for gps data
if(gps.encode(gpsSerial.read())) // encode gps data
{ gps.f_get_position(&lat,&lon); // get latitude
and longitude
// display position
// lcd.clear();
// lcd.setCursor(1,0);
// lcd.print("GPS Signal");
Serial.print("Position: ");
Serial.print("Latitude:");
Serial.print(lat,6);
Serial.print(";");
Serial.print("Longitude:");
Serial.println(lon,6);
// lcd.setCursor(1,0);
// lcd.print("LAT:");
// lcd.setCursor(5,0);
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// lcd.print(lat);
Serial.print(lat);
Serial.print(" ");
// lcd.setCursor(0,1);
// lcd.print(",LON:");
// lcd.setCursor(5,1);
// lcd.print(lon);
}
}
String latitude = String(lat,6);
String longitude = String(lon,6);
Serial.println(latitude+";"+longitude)
; delay(1000); readgsm();
}
void loop()
{
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly: vib(); acc();
}
void acc() { int x_adc_value, y_adc_value; x_adc_value = analogRead(x_out);
/* Digital value of voltage on x_out pin */ y_adc_value = analogRead(y_out);
Serial.print("x = ");
Serial.println(analogRead(x_out));
Serial.print("y = ");
Serial.println(analogRead(y_out));
delay(1000);
if (((x_adc_value)-(y_adc_value)>=25) || ((y_adc_value)- (x_adc_value)>=25)) {
Serial.println("accident happened");
Serial.println("$accident happened#");
delay(1000); readgps();
delay(1000); //readGSM();
delay(10000);
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}
}
void vib() { int val;
val=digitalRead(vib_pin);
if(val==0)
//if(digitalRead(vib_pin)==0)
{
Serial.println("$accident occured#");
delay(1000); readgps();
delay(1000); //readGSM();
delay(10000);
// lcd.clear();
}
}
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