Rule 13

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel
overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
 Means that nothing else within the rules can trump rule 13 overtaking wrong is a priority so
long as per section 2 we can see the vessels with our naked eye.
(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a
direction more than 22.5° abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the
vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that
vessel but neither of her sidelights.
 A closer look at the angles of a speck lights then and if we look from 90 degrees from a
vessel to 270 degrees from a vessel that would be its horizontal plane with reference to the
vessel position not with reference to north 22 and a half degrees of abaft her beam gives us
the visible area of the stern light from end to end the stern light is visible for a hundred and
thirty five if at night time we could only see stern light we would be overtaking vessel in this
example the both the maroon boat and and the yellow boat would be overtaking vessels
because there in that sector there more than 22 and a half degrees above the beam
whereas in this situation the maroon boat and the yellow boat would not be overtaking the
boat in the middle because they’re not 22 and a half degrees abaft her beam so these 2
situations would both be crossing situations
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume
that this is the case and act accordingly.
 So in the example we’re right on that 22 and a half degrees abaft the beam section and it
might be difficult to say whether we are truly overtaking or not so we will assume with the
overtaking vessel and we will behave accordingly and act as a give way vessel.
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the
duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
 This rules means then we’re not allowed to start overtaking another vessel and then
suddenly alter our course so that she would have to take avoiding action we we have to
maintain our status as the give way vessel until were passed and clear we can no longer
affect the course of the first vessel

And that’s rule 13 to sum up if were approaching from behind another vessel where the give
way vessel and must take every caution to stay out of her way and not impede her course
 Rule 14

(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as
to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on
the port side of the other.
 So let’s have a closer look at the wording then 2 power driven vessels this means vessels
propelled by their machinery so rule 14 does not apply to sailing vessels sailing vessels have
their own steering rules under rule 12 when they’re meeting in reciprocal or nearly
reciprocal courses. So this is 180 degrees opposite to the other boat, Another important
point this rule only apply if there is a risk of collision so if 2 vessels heading toward each
other but they’re not going to hit each other rule 14 does not apply only in a risk of collision
situation. Each vessel shall alter course to starboard so they’ll make a bold turn to so that
they can pass port to port with the other vessel
 Here’s an example then the yellow vessel and the maroon vessel are both heading towards
each other on reciprocal courses and there is a risk of collision therefore they shall make a
bold and early turn to starboard and pass port to port.
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly
ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in line or nearly in a line
and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other
vessel.
 Let’s have a closer look at some of those lights then here we can see we’re definitely head
on to that vessel because we both must headlights facing us and the port and starboard
light as the vessel turns then the port light starting to become obscured and the 2 must
headlights are opening up once the vessel completes her turn we can then see 2 must
headlights and the starboard light only we can no longer see the port night.
 The reason for this the port and starboard lights are only visible for a 112.5 degrees each
after that you would then the vessel round further and you would only see the stern light
you have to be dead ahead of the vessel in order in order to be able to see both port and
starboard lights
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it
does exist and act accordingly.
 Just the same as the other steering rules in section 2 if there is any doubt anything there
may be a risk of collision you should act as a giveway boat and avoid a collision at any xocost
 This again is a reference back to rule 2.
Rule 15

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the
other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit avoid, crossing ahead of the other vessel.

 So closer look at some of the wording again power driven vessels so this crossing situation
only applies to vessel being propelled by their machinery it does not apply to sailing vessel.
Rule 15 also only comes into effect if there is a risk of collision.
 The shall if the circumstances of the case admit part means again a reference to rule 2 under
which we can make a departure from the rules in case of emergency and we have to avoid
collision at all cost
 So following the yellow and maroon in the example, the yellow boat is a give way vessel as
the maroon boat is approaching from her starboard side she should then alter course to
starboard and pass behind the maroon vessel
 Looking from similar situation from another aspect here the yellow boat is now the stand on
vessel and should maintain her course and speed whereas the maroon boat is the give way
vessel and should alter course to starboard and pass safely behind the yellow boatopm