11

Grammar: Second conditional •

might GRAMMAR SPOT PRACTICE
Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs 1 Look at these two sentences. Which describes Discussing grammar
Everyday English: Exclamations

What if . . . ?
the real world? Which is imagined?
with so and such China and India have over a billion people. 1 Work with a partner. How many sentences can you make from
If the world were a village of 100 people, the chart?
51 would be male, and 49 female. If I were you, I’d travel the world.
2 Notice that was can change to were in the
if clause. tell you.
If the world were a village, . . . (You can also were a politician, travel the world.
say If the world was a village, . . . ) had the answer, keep it.
found you, I’d always tell the truth.
Starter 1 W
 ho is the leader of your country? Who do you think is 3 Read these sentences. Which sentence is more If I
knew the time, I wouldn’t accept the job.
the most important leader in the world? Why? I would give all the poor people $1,000.
probable? didn’t know a $50 bill, be bored.
I’d send a spaceship to explore Mars. If I have time, I’ll (will) . . . didn’t live in a big city, help you.
2 What would you do if you were leader of the world?
If I had a lot of money, I’d (would) . . . ask the teacher.
Share your ideas with the class. Whose ideas do you
think are best? I would ban football, because it’s Which tenses are used in the if clauses? How
all my boyfriend talks about! are the result clauses formed? 2 Put the verbs in the correct form.
Grammar Reference 11.1 p. 134 1. If I (be) rich, I (travel) around the world.
First I (go) to Canada, then I (go) to
New York.
THE GLOBAL VILLAGE 2. If he (work) harder, he (have) more
money.
Second conditional
3. I (go) to work if I (feel) better, but I
1 Read about the global village. Complete the sentences below feel terrible.
with the verbs in the box. 4. If I (can) speak perfect English, I (not be)
in this classroom.
would live    would be   would be   would control    5. What you (do) if a stranger

The
wouldn’t have    would die    wouldn’t know
(give) you $1 million?

Global
If the world were a village of 100 people … 6. What you (say) if I (ask) you
1. There would be 60 Asians, 14 Africans, 12 Europeans, 8 Latin to marry me?
Americans, 5 North Americans, and 1 from the South Pacific. If I were you . . .

Village
2. Fifty-one would be male and 49 female.
3. Eighty in poor housing. 3 We can give advice using If I were you, I’d . . . .
4. Fifty wouldn’t have enough food. Work with a partner. Give these people advice.
5. Twenty-four any electricity. (And most of the other 76 1. I found a wallet in the street.
would only use it at night.) The world currently has a
If I were you, I’d take it to the
6. Seventeen how to read. population of over 6.5 billion, nearest police station.
7. Seven would have access to the Internet. and it is growing by over 200,000
8. Five 32% of the village’s money. every day. Ten countries now
each have more than 100 2. I don’t like my sister’s boyfriend.
9. Only one would have a college education. 3. I had an argument with my mother.
10. One person every year, but two babies would be born. million people. And China and
4. I never have enough money.
India both have over a billion. 5. My neighbors make a lot of noise.
2 Ask and answer questions about the global village with a partner. Such big numbers aren’t very 6. I really need to exercise more.
•  How many people . . . be women? easy to imagine.
•  How many people . . . live in poor housing? CD3 20 Listen and compare.
•  . . . everybody have enough food? But what if we imagined the
•  . . . most people have electricity? population of the world as a
•  How many people . . . be very rich? village of just 100 people? What
•  . . . most people have access to the Internet? would this global village be like?

82 Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? 83

 WHO KNOWS? Nisa Isaacs, 14 PRACTICE LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Cape Town, South Africa
might Discussing grammar At a crossroads in life
I live with my parents in a shantytown
outside the city. My parents collect old 1 Work with a partner. Choose the correct
1 Look at the pictures of Nisa and Victor. verb in the sentences. 1 Look at the picture. What do you do at
They are both students. Where are they newspaper and junk to sell. They don’t a crossroads? What do you think the
make much money, so we’re poor. But 1. A What’s for dinner?
from? What differences do you think expression “at a crossroads in life” means?
I’m going to change all that. B We’re having / we might have lamb.
there are between their lives? Can you give any examples?
It’s in the oven.
2 CD3 21 Listen to Nisa and Victor talking I love school. I’m studying very hard, 2 CD3 24 Listen to three people who have
because I my high 2. A What time are we eating?
about their ambitions and complete the reached a crossroads in their lives.
school exams next year. Then I B Don’t worry. It’ll be / it might be
texts. Complete the chart.
a job in an office ready before your TV show.
3 Answer the questions. in town. But that isn’t my main 3. A Who’s eating with us?
1. Who is certain about what they want ambition. I really B I’ve invited Jerry, but he’ll be / he
to do? Who is not? to college. So I might be late. It depends on
2. Who is more ambitious? What makes for a while to save some money. the traffic.
you think this? I an
3. Where does Nisa live? What do her 4. I’m going into town tomorrow.
architect, then I can build I’m having / I might have lunch with
parents do? my parents a proper house.
4. What does Victor enjoy studying? Jo at 1:00.
5. Who wants to live in another country? 5. A Are you going to take a winter
6. What jobs are they thinking of doing? vacation this year?
B I am / I might. I haven’t decided yet.
4 What are some of Nisa’s plans
and ambitions? CD3 22 Listen and check. Practice
the conversations.
•  She’s taking her high school exams next year.
•  a job in an office in town. What has happened? What choices do they have?
•  to college.
Possibilities
•  save some money. 2 Make conversations with your partner Andy
•  an architect. about these future possibilities. One of
5 What are some of the possibilities in Victor Lopez, 16 you isn’t sure about anything. Lucy
Victor’s life? Monterrey, Mexico
•  He might go to art school. What kind of car are you going to buy?
I’m studying for my high school Maureen
•  a designer.
diploma, but I’m not sure what I want Well, I might get a Hyundai or a Toyota.
•  Spanish language and
literature in college. to study afterwards. I love doing art
at school, so I might go to art school. 1. A What kind/car/buy? 3 CD3 24 Listen again and check your answers. What reasons do they
•  in the U.S. for a while. have for and against their possible choices?
That would be fun. I B Hyundai/Toyota

GRAMMAR SPOT a designer. 2. A Where/on vacation? What do you think?

B Canada/Mexico
But I also enjoy Spanish language
1 Might means the same as perhaps . . . 3. A What/have to eat? What would you do if you were … ?
and literature, so I
will . . . . •  Andy    •  Lucy    •  Maureen
that in school. I’ll have to get good B steak/order a pizza
“What are you doing tonight?”
test scores to do that. I’d also like 4. A Who/going to the dance with? Discuss each situation with a partner, and then with the class. Does
“I don’t know. I might go out, or I to try living in another country. everybody agree what they should do?
might stay at home.” B ask Tony/ask Richard
I have family in the U.S., so I
2 Might is a modal auxiliary (like can 5. A What/do if/won the lottery? 4 CD3 25 Listen to Andy, Lucy, and Maureen a year later.
there for a while.
and must). B give it all away/travel the world Were you right?
Perhaps I could study art and design
I might go to art school. in New York. That would be great! CD3 23 Listen and compare. What else
I might not pass my tests. do the people say? W RITING Writing for talking p. 109
Do we add -s with he/she/it? 3 Ask and answer questions with a partner
Do we use do/does in the negative? about your possible future plans ...
Grammar Reference 11.2 p. 134 •  after class •  on the weekend

•  this evening •  for your next vacation

84 Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? 85

 READING AND SPEAKING Yellowstone National Park
Supervolcano

1 Discuss the questions. Seattle

Montana
1. What famous volcanoes are there in the world?
New York
If this volcano erupted, the world would freeze ...
How many can you name? Idaho Wyoming
Washington D.C.

2. Are they active or extinct? What do you know Salt Lake Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A hot July day, and some
about them? City Denver
of the 3 million visitors who come to the park every year are watching
Utah Colorado
2 What do you think a “supervolcano” is? Read the first half San Francisco one of the geysers erupt. Everyone is impressed, but as they chatter
of the article about them. Check the highlighted words excitedly and eat their ice cream, not many of them realize that they
in your dictionary. Mark the sentences true(✓), false(✗), L.A. are standing on top of the largest active volcano in the world. Scientists
Dallas Orlando
or don’t know (?). have known for a long time that Yellowstone is a volcanic area. But the
1. A supervolcano is a volcano that has recently erupted. strange thing is that until the 1960s, none of them could find a volcano
2. Not many people know that Yellowstone Park is anywhere in the park. Then, new photos taken by NASA showed
a supervolcano. the reason why—the whole park, 9,000 square kilometers of it, is
3. Yellowstone Park is an extinct supervolcano. a volcano!
4. About 40 supervolcanoes have been found on our planet.
Volcanoes like Yellowstone are called “supervolcanoes” because they are
5. The most recent eruption of a supervolcano was in
Yellowstone Park. so huge and dangerous—1,000 times more powerful than ordinary
6. It is unlikely that another supervolcano will erupt.
A geyser erupting in volcanoes. There are about 40 of them on Earth, but none of them has
Yellowstone National Park erupted recently. The most recent was 74,000 years ago in Indonesia.
3 Read the second half of the article. Check the highlighted The last time Yellowstone Park erupted was 640,000 years ago.
words, and put the events in the correct order.
But what would happen if the Yellowstone volcano erupted again today?
If Yellowstone volcano erupted, . . .
Here are the events that might follow:
  there would be no summer in Europe.
1   87,000 people would die immediately.
  the tropical forests would die. Day 1: Yellowstone Park and the U.S.
  Iceland might start to help feed the world. If the volcano erupted, hot ash and rock would shoot up into the air at
  warmer countries would have famines. 250 kmh. The cities of Denver and Salt Lake would be destroyed
immediately, and 87,000 people would die. Eventually the ash would
  only 10% of our sunlight would reach the earth.
cover 3/4 of the U.S., and drinking water and food crops would be
Check the answers in class, and then read them aloud to contaminated.
a partner.
Week 1: Europe
If Yellowstone … , then … The whole of Europe would be covered by a gray cloud. Summer would
turn to winter, and in some places the sea would freeze. No European
country would be able to grow food for four or five years.
4 Read the last part of the article. Why is there no need for us
to worry? The next 3 months: Worldwide
5 What do these numbers refer to in the article? 90% of our sunlight would be blocked and a volcanic winter would
3 million    1960s    9,000    40    74,000   
cover the Earth. The tropical forests would die and food crops in warm
640,000    250    87,000    3/4    90% countries, such as India and China, would fail. Only countries near the
North and South Poles could go on as usual. Iceland would do well,
What do you think? because most of its food is grown in special greenhouses. It might be
able to send food to the rest of the world.­
• Where do you think there might be other volcanic eruptions in the future?
• Do you think scientists will one day find ways of stopping these disasters?
How best could they help us? How likely is it?
• If an eruption did happen, what do you think you could do to try to
Fortunately, scientists at the Yellowstone Volcanic Observatory say that
survive? Work in groups, and think about food, housing, heating, and
there is no evidence that the volcano will erupt in the near future. They
clothing. Tell the class your ideas.
say “such events are unlikely to happen in the next few centuries.” So we
can all get on with our lives and stop worrying, which is good to know.

86 Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? 87

 VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Literal phrasal verbs Idiomatic phrasal verbs Exclamations with so and such

1 Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + adverb/preposition. 5 Some phrasal verbs are idiomatic. 1 CD3 29 Read and listen to the sentences.
Some phrasal verbs are literal.
  I can’t finish this crossword. I give up! (= quit)   I was excited.     I was very excited.     I was so excited!
  I want to go away and travel. (= go + away)   The plane took off. (= leave the ground)
 Let’s put off today’s meeting till next week. (= postpone) Do you think so is used more in written or in spoken English?
  Take off your coat. (= take + off)
What effect does it have?
  She gave away all her money. (= give + away)
6 Do or act out the actions. Can your 2 Look at the sentences. When do we use so,
2 Complete the sentences with a word from the box. partner guess the phrasal verb? such a(n), such, so many, and so much?
out     at     down     on     back  look up a word   I was so surprised! We had such terrible weather!
my car’s broken down   It was such a shock! There were so many problems!
1. Put something warm. It’s cold today. get along with   It was such an awful idea! I have so much work!
2. There’s some ice cream in the freezer. Can you get (somebody)   He has such crazy friends!
it ? run out of milk
3. Dave! Come here and sit next to me. Look out! Grammar Reference 11.3 p. 135
You’re looking up a word.
4. Look the countryside. Isn’t it beautiful?
7 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from Exercise 6. Music of English – sentence stress o
5. When are you going to your country?
1. I’ve , so I can’t have any cereal. Read these sentences aloud. Underline the main stress.
3 Do or act out the actions to a partner. Can your 2. Can I in your dictionary? I was so worried!   It’s such a nice day!   We had so much fun!
partner guess the phrasal verb? 3. My boss is a great guy. I well him.
CD3 30 Listen, check, and repeat. Practice saying the
pick (something) up    You’re picking 4. Oh, no! Our car’s , and there isn’t a sentences in Exercise 2.
look for (something) something up. gas station for miles!
turn (something) off 5. __________ There’s broken glass on the floor.
lie down 3 Complete the sentences in A with so, such a, such, so many, or so much.
turn around  CD3 27 Listen, check, and repeat. Then match them with the sentences in B.
try (something) on
throw (something) away Talking about you A B

Complete the sentences with one of the phrasal verbs on this such a mess!
1. Their house is ______ I could eat for days.
4 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from 2. There were ______ people at the party! I don’t know where it all went.
page in the correct form.
Exercise 3.
3. I’m ______ hungry! You really didn’t have to.
1. I’m my glasses. Have you seen them 1. How do you your parents? 4. Jane and Pete are ______ nice people! She understands every word I say.
anywhere? 2. When did you last fly somewhere? Did your flight 5. I’ve spent ______ money this week! There was nowhere to dance.
2. I like these jeans. Can I them ? on time? 6. A present! For me? You’re ______ nice! Thank you so much for inviting us.
3. You shouldn’t drop trash on the ground! 3. Do you all your trash, or do you 7. We had ______ great time! But I can’t stand their kids.
it ! recycle some of it? 8. Molly’s ______ smart dog! I don’t know how they live in it.
4. Don’t the newspaper. I haven’t 4. When did you last ________ something ________ in a
read it yet. clothes store? Did you buy it? CD3 31 Listen and check. Practice the exclamations.
5. If you don’t feel well, go and . 5. When you see litter in the street, do you ________ it 4 Use so and such. I get along so well with my brother.
6. “Do you like my dress?” _________? What can you say … ?
6. Have you ever gas? What did you do? We have such a good time together!
“Let me see. . Yes. Very nice.” •  about your friends or family
7. Why are all these lights on? them 7. If you won a lot of money, would you ________ any of it •  at the end of a long trip
. ________ ? To who? •  when you finish an interesting book with a sad ending
•  as you go around a friend’s new apartment
CD3 26 Listen, check, and repeat. CD3 28 Listen and check. Ask and answer the questions •  at the end of a wonderful meal
about you with a partner. •  in a fight with your boyfriend/girlfriend/husband/wife

88 Unit 11  .  What if . . . ? 89