Urban Development and Housing Department

Government of Bihar

City Development Plan (2010-30)

PATNA

CDP Prepared By:

Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.

Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar

(A Government of Bihar Initiative)
Supported by DFID, United Kingdom
 Overview
Patna is the capital of Bihar and the largest urban area. The town is located in Patna district that
comprises six sub divisions. The Patna Municipal Corporation area covers 99.45 sq km and is divided
into 72 wards. Patna is located on the banks of the River Ganga. Patna is a metropolis and has a
designated regional development area that covers 234.70 sq km and includes outgrowths within
Patna district – the Patna Urban Agglomeration (Danapur, Khagaul and Phulwarisharif) – Saran
district and Vaishali district. Patna city is well connected by road, rail and air. NH 19, NH 83 and NH
98 passes through the municipal corporation limits.

Patna Town

Location of Patna District

Patna is an important commercial centre. Due to its central position at the junction of the three
rivers, it has the additional advantage of transport of goods by river. The most important
commodities manufactured in the PMC are electronic goods, food grains are imported and
vegetables are exported. The municipal corporation area comprises of large business quarters
namely, Marufganj, Masurganj, Mirchiyaganj, Maharajaganj, etc. The commercial establishments
within the city are mainly lined along the arterial and major roads and there is extensive mixed land
use of commercial and residential use throughout the city.

The competitive advantage of Patna lies in its

being the state capital and its central location. It
is the centre for all higher order services in the
state – education, health – and the political
centre. The town is well connected by rail, road
and air with the region and the rest of the
country. Patna’s location on the banks of the
River Ganga ensures that there is abundant
water and fertile soil in the region.

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CITY VISION
The vision for Patna was derived on the basis of the status assessment of the city, stakeholder
consultations and focused group discussions. Participatory consultations during the visioning
process concluded that there is need to revive growth and improve the overall quality of life
of its citizens. The identified Vision is as follows: “To develop Patna as a vibrant national
centre for growth with a focus on economic development, river front development,
transport, heritage and tourism; a town that provides quality infrastructure services and
facilities, good governance, planned development and clean environment.” The identified
vision forms the basis of sector-specific strategies adopted in framing the action plan.

Demography
The population growth has been uneven in the period 1951-2011. The growth registered an
increasing trend in the period 1961 to 1981 - from 28.52% to 64.14%. It reduced to 18.14% during
1981 to 1991 rising again between 1991 to 2001 to 48.97% and dropping again during 2001 to 2011
to 32.53%. For purposes of the CDP, the population has been projected using three different
methods (Linear Method, Geometric Growth Method and Exponential Curve Method). The
Exponential Method was adopted for population projection on account of its best fit. The projected
population for 2030 is 4443678.

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sector Assessments & Growth Strategies

A) Water Supply
Ground water is the main source in Patna. The Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad is responsible for capital
works and the Patna Jal Parishad responsible for O&M. The public water supply system comprises 98
tube wells (11 non-functional) that pump water directly to the distribution mains. The only form of
treatment is by online electro-chlorinators. The distribution system includes 23 overhead reservoirs
of which only the one’s at Agam Kuan, Guljarbagh Press, Guru Govind Singh Hospital and High Court
(all maintained by PHED) are functional. Patna also has 30,000 public stand posts and approximately
23,000 public hand pumps. The tube wells operate for 15 hours a day and about 65% of them are
less than 5 years old. The ground water level is at 2-8m and piped water supply covers 60% of
households. The gross water supply in the city is around 186 MLD with about 91 lpcd as per 2011
population. The projected water demand in 2030 is 688.8 MLD. A DPR for water supply has already
been prepared and therefore not included in this CDP.

B) Sewerage and Sanitation

The sewerage system in Patna was
Strategies: The CDP suggests the following:
established in 1936. The city has four
sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur  Development of a sewerage system with all
(45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Pahari (25 MLD) associated features
and Karmali Chak (16 MLD) although the  Development of public conveniences
quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than installed capacity. As per Census 2001, 62.51%
of the households had water closet latrines, 20.37% had pit latrines. Open defecation was practiced
by 9.01% of households. It is estimated that the town has a sewer length of 27.4 km. The municipal
corporation area has only 21 public toilets. The estimated sewage generation in the town in 2011 is
224.6 MLD and this is expected to increase to 551 MLD by 2030. The sewerage system is inadequate
for a town of Patna’s size leading to spillage and collection in low lying areas and water bodies that
make the living environment unhygienic.

Sewerage Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Renovation of 4 STP 20.00 20.00 - -
Construction of 2 new STP 15.00 7.50 - 7.50
New Sewer System 720.00 360.00 216.00 144.00
IEC measures for sanitation practice 0.40 0.40 - -
Community toilets (5% HH does not 29.21 29.21 - -
have toilet facilities and 1 toilet will
cover 50 families) 2011 popu-
1,811,000, HH size-6.2 =292097, 5%
of HH= 14605 do not have toilets
Public Convenience 4.00 2.00 2.00 -
Sub Total 788.61 419.11 218.00 151.50

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

C) Drainage
Patna town is located on a level strip of
land on the south bank of the River Ganga Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
that slopes to the south and east. The  To develop a drainage system based on a
topography is saucer shaped. The railway Drainage Master Plan
line divides the area with the land to the  To construct new drains and missing links, align,
south of the railway line being flood prone. develop and maintain existing drains
The rising waters of the Ganga, Punpun
and Sone all impact the town. Patna has about 460km of pucca drains, 340 km of kutcha drains and
1200km of underground drains. The storm water drainage of the town has been divided into four
zones – Eastern, Southern, Central and Western. The Eastern Zone is primarily the Old City area and
does not have a well-defined drainage system. The zone is characterised by narrow streets and lanes
that hinder laying of drainage conduits.The Southern Zone has limited drainage only at Jogipur in
Kankarbagh serving Lohianagar Housing Colony. The drainage system here is inadequate. The slope
was obstructed on account of the construction of the Bye-Pass. The Central Zone is prone to flooding
and has three major outfall nallahs – Bakerganj Nallah; Agam Kuan Nallah and the underground
drain upto Krishna Ghat. The Western Zone has some areas that are prone to water logging on
account of the slop and has several pumping stations. The overall system of drainage is not very
efficient with intermixing of storm water and sewerage; drains are clogged with garbage and silt thus
their carrying capacity is reduced; the drainage pumping plants are not working to designed capacity
and the unplanned growth of the town is creating further pressure on the infrastructure.
Drainage Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Preparation of Drainage Master Plan 1.50 1.50 - -
considering the city level slope
Construction of Primary drains 150.00 75.00 45.00 30.00
Construction of Secondary drains 204.00 102.00 61.20 40.80
Improvement/ repairing of existing 16.56 16.56 - -
primary and secondary drains
Improvement/ repairing of existing 8.70 8.70 - -
main drains
Construction of Main Drain 78.00 39.00 - 39.00
Removing the encroachment of drain 1.00 1.00 - -
in market area
Creation of sump house 2.00 1.00 1.00 -
Sub Total 461.76 244.76 107.20 109.80

D) Solid Waste Management

It is estimated that Patna generates about 680 tonnes of garbage per day. About 65% of the waste
generated is collected while the rest is unattended. The town has no organized system for solid
waste management – it had contracted a private operator for selected wards but the operations
have been suspended.

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The ULB has 386 hand carts and Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
trolleys, 27 trucks, 7 dumpers and 121  Introduction of door to door collection including
tractors for managing this service. The segregation at source
vehicles make 2 trips per day to the  Provision of community dustbins
dumping site that is located at  Procurement of equipment and vehicles
Ramachak Bairia. It is estimated that  Scientific disposal at sanitary landfill
the town will generate 1537 tonnes of  IEC campaigns to complement planned systems
garbage per day by 2030. improvements
A DPR for solid waste management worth Rs. 36.95 crores has already been approved therefore
projects have not been included in this CDP.

E) Roads, Traffic, and Transportation

In Patna, less than 10% of the area is
under circulation against the norm of Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
15-20%. The NH 30, NH 31 and NH 2  Improving existing roads and intersections
pass through the town. Patna is located  Creation of new traffic infrastructure including a
about 100km from the national East – truck terminal, bus stand, parking and new roads
West Expressway. The major corridors  Use of non-conventional energy for street lights
are the Ashok Rajpath, Patna-Danapur  Development of integrated public transport system
Road, Bailey Road, Harding Road and
Kankarbagh Road. There is an international airport serving the region. The Patna Railway Station is
the main station but it is not fully broad gauge. The National Waterway-1 skirts Patna. This is a
1354km stretch in the River Ganga from Allahabad to Haldia via Varanasi, Patna and Farakka.
However this transport system has not been fully exploited. The city is deficient in terms of an
efficient public transport leading to an estimated 4.7% increase in private vehicles in the period
1996-2001. Parking is largely disorganised and together with encroachment on account of vending,
reduces the road width.

Traffic and Transportation Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Widening and strengthening of roads 12.50 6.25 6.25 -
of main market area
Construction of parallel service road 150.00 75.00 75.00 -
to the north of bypass with street
lights, culverts and underground
cabling.
Development of 4 lane road parallel to 280.00 140.00 140.00 -
Ganga rive from eastern limit of PMC
to Danapur with street light and
landscaping.
Development of non-metaled road 750.00 750.00 - -
and improvement of internal roads of
city

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Modernization of existing bus stand 1.00 1.00 - -

and bus terminal
Development of truck terminus for 10.00 7.00 3.00 -
wholesale/ agro-based goods
Construction of Mono rail 2000.00 1000.00 600.00 400.00
Development of a new bridge linking 15.00 15.00 - -
patna city area to bypass
Sub Total 3218.50 1994.25 824.25 400.00

F) Street Lighting
The city has 3600 street light poles and it is estimated that about 120km of city roads do not have
streetlights. The city also has 23 high mast poles. While the average spacing between light poles on a
two lane road should be 30m, in Patna it is 155m.

Street Lighting Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Installing Street Light poles with 169.20 84.60 50.76 33.84
underground cable network (including
PCC poles, line, fixing, fitting etc.)@
30 m distance
Implanting 20 High mast Poles with 1.20 1.20 - -
Lights (40 m. high)
Sub Total 170.40 85.80 50.76 33.84

G) Social Infrastructure
An assessment of social infrastructure in Patna was done. It is estimated that there are about 362
primary schools, 241 senior secondary schools and 14 colleges. The first university in Bihar, Patna
University was established in 1917 and
is the seventh oldest university in South Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
Asia. The Patna Medical College was
 Provision of health and educational facilities in
established in 1925. In recent years,
line with UDPFI norms in phases
several institutions of higher education
have been established like the Central University, the IIT, NIFT, BITS, Chandragupta Maurya
Management Institute and the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences. Patna is the preferred
destination for educational facilities in the state. Patna has 35 government hospitals and
dispensaries as well as a large number of private hospitals and clinics. Patna is the preferred
destination for specialized medical care. The city has 42 parks and playgrounds and 10 community
halls. The city also has a stadium – the Moin-ul-Haq stadium – and the Patna Golf Club. Other social
infrastructure facilities include three electric crematoria, dhobi ghats and four fire stations.

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Social Infrastructure Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Six community centre/ Baraat ghar 4.56 2.28 1.37 0.91
Cultural Centre/Recreational club 20.00 10.00 5.00 5.00
Development of Public Library (area 2.84 2.84 - -
500sqm)
Development of two new police 12.00 6.00 6.00 -
stations for tourist police
Awareness Campaign for Fire Hazards 0.26 0.13 0.08 0.05
IEC for health awareness 0.80 0.40 0.24 0.16
Incineration Centre 0.80 0.40 0.24 0.16
General Hospital 80.00 40.00 24.00 16.00
Intermediate hospital (Category A) 80.00 40.00 24.00 16.00
Intermediate hospital (Category B) 50.00 25.00 15.00 10.00
Poly Clinic 8.00 4.00 2.40 1.60
Nursing home, Child welfare and 12.00 6.00 3.60 2.40
Maternity centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary 12.00 6.00 3.60 2.40
Primary School (Class I to V) (Area= 20.00 10.00 6.00 4.00
0.40 ha)
Senior Secondary(Class VI to XII) (1000 20.00 10.00 6.00 4.00
students) (Area= 1.60 ha)
4 Polytechnic for women 40.00 20.00 12.00 8.00
3 Colleges (1000 to 1500 students) 45.00 22.50 13.50 9.00
4 Technical Centre 32.00 16.00 9.60 6.40
2 Special high school (for 20.00 10.00 6.00 4.00
disadvantaged sections)
Sub Total 460.26 231.55 138.63 90.08

H) Slums and Urban Poor

The SPUR survey in December 2010 recorded presence of 108 slums with 16277 households. Slums
have poor infrastructure with hand pumps and public stand posts being the main water supply
sources; very few households have toilets and there is a lack of public toilets. A DPR for housing for
urban poor has been approved in the earlier CDP for the town.

I) Local Economy
Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
As per Census 2001, the workforce
participation rate in Patna is 25.37%.  Improvement in the business approval processes
About 91% of workers are engaged in  Provision of improved infrastructure in the long run
services like trade, commerce and to strengthen economic development
industry. Patna is an important
commercial centre and manufactures commodities like electronic goods. There are several large
business quarters like Marufganj, Masurganj, Mirchiyaganj and Maharajganj. The corporation area
also has a large number of wholesale markets for vegetables and agricultural goods but these have
witnessed an organic growth. Patna has a number of industries and brick kilns along the Bye-Pass
road. The first Software Technology Park of Bihar has been developed in Patna. The majority of small

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

and household industrial units are located in the Old City. In Pataliputra there is an Industrial Estate
of the BIADA covering 104.14 acres and having 139 units. Major industrial development is taking
place in Ward 69 towards the Bye-Pass. It is estimated that Patna has about 28955 vendors catering
to daily needs of residents spread across the city. This informal sector encroaches on the roads and
pavements and adds to traffic related difficulties being faced in the city.

Economic Development Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Development of Vending zones 15.00 15.00 - -
Construction of vegetable markets 1.20 1.20 - -
Construction of Weekly Haat 0.40 0.40 - -
Sub Total 16.60 16.60 - -

J) Environment
Patna is located in the high risk
Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
earthquake zone. However,
development controls are not enforced  Tree plantation along the roads; development of
increasing the risk potential. Patna also incidental parks and spaces
falls in the flood risk zone and the  Overall improvement in services
problem is aggravated in the rainy season. In addition to the natural environmental hazards, the
overall poor level of services has an adverse impact on the city environment. Interventions proposed
in the CDP will contribute to city environment together with the improvement in services.

Environment Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Tree Plantation along river bed 0.10 0.05 0.05 -
River front development 250.00 125.00 75.00 50.00
Construction of Public promenades 15.00 7.50 4.50 3.00
Construction of Botanical Garden 5.00 2.50 1.50 1.00
Construction of Mela Ground 2.00 1.00 0.60 0.40
Construction of parking lot 0.12 0.06 0.06 -
Development of water sport activities 10.00 5.00 5.00 -
Sub Total 282.22 141.11 86.71 54.40

K) Heritage and Tourism

Patna has several sites of heritage and
Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
tourist interest in and around the city.
The city has six archaeological sites.  Inventory of all tourist and heritage sites
According to INTACH, there are 185  Improvement of tourist infrastructure
heritage sites in the Patna Urban Agglomeration area. Some of the important sites include Agam
Kuan, Durakhi Devi Temple, Choti Patandevi, Begu Hajjams mosque, Kamaldah Jain Temple, Golghar,
Kumhrar, Buland Bagh etc. The CDP recommends a detailed survey of heritage sites in Patna. Patna

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

has a rich historic past and has been the seat of governance for successive dynasties in ancient
times. The city is also at the core of the tourist circuits in the state – Buddhist, Tirthankar and
Nirvana circuits.

Heritage and Tourism Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Development of town park (Area .5 20.00 10.00 6.00 4.00
Ha)
Development of green belts along 60.00 30.00 30.00 -
major roads and along revived major
drains
Landscaping and flood protection 15.00 15.00 - -
along Ganga river front
Mediation park (2 ac) 30.00 15.00 9.00 6.00
Millennium park 100.00 50.00 50.00 -
Beautification of various tourism 15.00 7.50 4.50 3.00
attraction sites.
Development of tourist information 0.26 0.13 0.08 0.05
centres at all important places of
Patna.
Sub Total 240.26 127.63 99.58 13.05

L) Governance and Institutional Set Up

Institutional Setup Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
E-Governance System for Municipal 32.00 32.00 - -
Services
Implementation of Double Entry 0.50 0.50 - -
Accrual Based Accounting
Training and Institutional 5.00 2.50 2.50 -
Strengthening
Implementation of Asset 4.97 4.97 - -
Management System (GIS Mapping of
water, sewerage & drainage network)
Sub Total 42.47 39.97 2.50 -

Financial Position of the Local Body

Analysis of the financial position of
Highlights of Financial Position
the ULB shows that annual income is
mainly dependent on government  Annual income is mainly dependent on grants from
grants that accounted for 39.02% of government
total income in 2009-10. The annual  Income from tax revenue is a small share of total
income in the last five years has been income
irregular and was exceptionally low

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City Development Plan for Patna: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

in 2006-07 and 2009-10 on account of low government grants. Government grants have increased
from Rs. 1220 lakhs in 2006-07 to Rs. 3149 lakhs in 2009-10. Collections from holding tax have varied
from Rs. 613 lakhs in 2005-06 to Rs. 492 lakhs in 2008-09 and it is estimated to be Rs. 591 lakhs in
2010-11. Establishment expenditure accounted for 51.77% of total revenue expenditure in 2009-10
and programme expenditure 40.28% in the same period. Revenue Expenditure has been higher than
Capital Expenditure in the last five years. O&M expenditure accounts for a very small share of total
expenditure.
Revenue Income and Capital Income
Item Year (Amount on Rs. Crore)
2005-06 2006- 2007-08 2008- 2009-10 2010-11
07 09 (Estimated)
A Own Sources- Taxes 21.22 15.53 16.17 17.00 20.83 25.50
1 Collection from holding tax 6.13 4.46 4.61 4.92 0.00 5.91
2 Others 15.10 11.07 11.56 12.07 20.83 19.59
B Own Sources- Non-Taxes 1.05 0.74 1.08 5.86 3.35 8.79
C Assigned Revenues 2.31 3.68 22.29 9.16 4.03 6.93
D Revenue Grants (Include. Salary
51.89 12.21 8.13 57.05 31.49 45.60
and Matching grants)
E Other Income 0.35 0.62 0.61 1.27 0.04 0.68
Total Revenue Receipts 76.83 32.78 48.28 90.34 59.75 87.50
Capital Receipts 4.20 33.27 38.92 64.63 21.00 44.96
Total Receipts 81.03 66.05 87.20 154.97 80.75 132.46

Municipal Expenditure

Year (Amount in Rs. Crores)

Head 2006- 2010-11
2005-06 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
07 (Estimated)
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 31.24 33.21 38.09 55.41 41.94 51.11
(B) O & M Expenditure 3.30 0.55 0.63 1.56 6.16 4.05
(C) Programme Expenditure 1.92 4.22 4.89 4.62 32.63 19.56
(D) Administration expenditure 0.23 0.31 0.37 0.40 0.23 0.33
(E) Miscellaneous Expenditure 0.22 0.10 0.54 0.29 0.38 0.41
Revenue Expenditure 36.91 38.38 44.51 62.28 81.36 75.46
Capital Expenditure 49.43 23.13 28.74 93.61 0.09 34.49
Total Expenditure 86.34 61.52 73.24 155.89 81.46 109.95

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Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

The total funding over the life of the CDP period, i.e. up to year 2030, is estimated at Rs. 5510.66
crore. Sector-wise details of the investments have been defined for the entire period. In the previous
sections, details of all identified projects and estimated costing have been shown. The CIP takes into
account priority areas of intervention and funding ability and priorities of the ULB. The CIP accounts
for funds that the ULB will be expected to contribute to meet all the interventions necessary for
achievement of the City Vision.
The scheduling or phasing of the CIP is based on the analysis of fiscal resources for new investments
and O&M, technical capacity for construction and the choice of specific improvements to be taken
up over the CDP period.

Sectors Total (in Rs. 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Crore)
Sewerage 788.61 419.11 218.00 151.50
Drainage 461.76 244.76 107.20 109.80
Traffic and Transportation 3218.50 1994.25 824.25 400.00
Environment 282.22 141.11 86.71 54.40
Social Infrastructure 460.24 231.54 138.62 90.08
Recreation and Tourism 240.26 127.63 99.58 13.05
Institutional Setup 42.47 39.97 2.50 -
Economic Development 16.60 16.60 - -
Total 5510.66 3214.97 1476.86 818.83

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Financial Operating Plan (FOP)

The Financial Operating Plan takes into account an analysis of the income and expenditure of the
ULB on the basis of some assumptions. The key considerations of the FOP are
 Income by ULB’s own tax sources by 50% per annum
 Income by ULB’s own non-tax sources by 20% per annum
 Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 5% per
annum
 Income from other sources increase by 5% per annum
 Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
 New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
 Total Establishment Expenditure by 5% growth per annum
 Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Programme expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Miscellaneous Expenditure increase by 5% annually
The proposed income and expenditure of the ULB on the basis of the above assumptions in Phase I
of the CDP is as follows:

Income Actual Amount (in Rs. Lakhs) Projected Income & Expenditure based on Average
Source Growth Rate
2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Total 154.9 157.2 273.3
81.03 66.05 87.20 80.75 132.46 187.44 225.37 334.29
Receipts 7 6 4
Revenue 110.0 218.6
76.83 32.78 48.28 90.34 59.75 87.50 137.87 173.33 276.91
Receipts 6 9
Capital
4.20 33.27 38.92 64.63 21.00 44.96 47.21 49.57 52.05 54.65 57.38
Receipts
Revenue 131.8
36.91 38.38 44.51 62.28 81.36 75.46 86.31 99.05 114.09 153.03
Expenditure 8
Surplus/Deficit 23.75 38.81 59.24 86.81 123.88

The key observations of the FOP are:

 The ULB is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of deficit of Rs. 13.04 crores in
2010-11 to Rs.123.88 crores in 2015-16

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 Of the Rs. 5510.66 crore investment required for the CDP period, Rs. 3214.97 crores will be
required in Phase I and the ULB will be able to generate a small part of it but will require
support from other sources as well

 Innovative use of PPP especially in areas like solid waste management, transport,
development parks will further reduce the financial burden on the ULB

Overall Assessment
An overall assessment of the existing service delivery levels in the town was done on the basis of
various indicators. Service levels are found to be alarming in many cases.

# Parameter Indicators Rating

1. Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels

a. Coverage of Water Supply

b. Per Capita Availability of Water

c. Continuity of Water Supply

d. Coverage of Individual Toilets

e. Door to Door Collection of Solid Waste

f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste

2. Financial Management
-------------
a. Operating Ratio

b. Growth in Revenue Income

3. Poverty Level

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a. Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)

4. Organization Structure

a. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff,

competency level of existing staff for implementing
proposed projects

5. Leadership

a. Leadership quality, awareness and understanding

regarding urban sector, proactive approach for
implementing reform measures

6. Economic Development Potential

a. Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital

and other cities, status of existing infrastructure

7. Environment Sustainability

a. Status of Environment, quality of water, air,

8. Participation

a. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen

Forums/Welfare Association in municipal affairs

9. Compliance with Reforms

a. Status of reform implementation and preparedness

for implementation

Legend
Alarming Average Below Average Good

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 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This assignment seeks to provide support to various urban local bodies of Bihar in preparing City
Development Plans (CDPs) for a comprehensive long term strategy (Vision 2030). The CDP will be
prepared for immediate term (5 years), short term (10 years), medium term (15 years) and long term
(20 years) as well as a City Investment Plan (CIP). Based on these plans, the concerned ULBs will
access funds under GoI/GoB schemes, from SPUR supported by DFID as well as from their own and
other sources based on priority actions and projects identified in the CDP. The document should also
prepare operational strategies for various sectors and present implementable action plans for each
viable sector. The CDP should also provide a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for
mobilising various financial resources to implement the identified projects. The CDP will adhere to
participatory processes as defined in the JNNURM‟s CDP preparation toolkit.

1.2 OBJECTIVES FOR PREPARATION OF CDPS

The SPUR program is based on the premise that effective urban centres play a significant role in
economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater economic activity and
services that can contribute to pro-poor development. The SPUR program supports five thematic
areas:
urban governance and planning
municipal finance and accounting
municipal infrastructure
local economic development
social development, poverty alleviation and livelihoods
SPUR‟s goal is “economic growth and poverty reduction significantly accelerated in Bihar by 2016”.
Its purpose is “identified ULBs‟ ability to provide urban services and attract private investment
significantly enhanced”.
The objective of this exercise is to visualise the town in the next 20 years and
Define the growth directions and service up-gradations in relation to the activity mix/growth;
Assess the demand-supply gap in services to estimate and prioritise project requirements;
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to priority city
infrastructure in both slums and other areas;
Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required to sustain the
investment proposed;

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Reform required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial sustainability and
improvements in service levels;
Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O&M of assets including use of different
institutional and PPP models,
Address common growth and infrastructure issues

1.3 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which promotes partnership
among various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society,
academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for
the future, formulate development strategies, design programs, prioritize projects, mobilize resources,
implement, monitor and evaluate implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of
a sustainable city.
1. Livability - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's
residents?
2. Competitiveness - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy?
3. Bankability - how can the cities be more bankable? How can public-private partnerships be
promoted and/or enhanced?
4. Manageability - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and
transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?
5. Sustainability - how can the cities be more sustainable?

1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN- A PROCESS

A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city.
Essentially, it addresses following questions:
1. Where are we now?
2. Where do we want to go?
3. What do we need to address on priority basis?
4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?

1.5 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work covers but is not limited to the following:
1. Assess the demand-supply gaps for identified projects;
2. Provide financial assessment of the ULBs;

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3. Suggest measures to increase the general level of service, coverage and quality of municipal
services in both poor and non-poor localities;
4. Improvements in staffing and management arrangements in delivery of services;
5. Outlining issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service levels and
coverage, and institutional constraints;
6. Developing quick indicators of performance, based on current coverage and additional population
in the short term (10 years) and unit costs;
7. Estimating city level investment requirement for up-gradation of city wide infrastructure;
8. Preparing a Comprehensive Asset Management Plan for existing and proposed investment and
use fiscal notes and policy analysis to assist in making informed choices to achieve sector/city
goals;
9. Define priority assets and indicative costs of rehabilitation;
10. Conducting fiscal impact analysis of investments: life cycle O&M costs, revenues from project,
and costs/impacts on finances and of not doing the project;
11. Exploring funding options for rehabilitation of facilities; and
12. Preparing a realistic financial operating plan (FOP) based on availability of resources and ability
to leverage additional resources

1.6 PROJECT OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES

The whole project will be completed in the stipulated period and deliverables submitted to the client
with the requisite reports as shown below in Table 1.1:
Table 1.1: Deliverables and Submissions
S. No. Deliverables Submission Date
1 Inception Report (including report of Kick Off Workshop) Submitted
Interim Report (including report of Workshop on City Vision and
2 Submitted
Sector Goals)
3 Draft Final Report (including report of 3rd Workshop) Submitted
4 Final CDP incorporating comments received on the Draft CDP As per schedule

1.7 COMMENCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND TEAM MOBILIZATION

The team visited Patna city and met with elected representatives including mayor and deputy mayor,
municipal officials including municipal commissioner and other officers. The team also did the
reconnaissance survey of city.

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1.7.1 Meeting and Consultations

Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as
stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.
Stakeholders‟ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which
promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation
during the project preparation stage as an integral part of the social assessment process not only
minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between
the community and the project formulators, which helps in the timely completion of the project and
making the project people-friendly.
1.7.2 Stakeholders Consultation
The inception report has been prepared keeping in mind the ethos of city. The main purpose of a city
development plan is to build consensus among key stakeholders. Preliminary consultations were
carried out with key stakeholders. The stakeholders were involved through meetings and interviews to
gauge the situation in terms of urban infrastructure, services, overall management etc. The key
stakeholders of the city have been identified as under:
Primary stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected
(positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community,
students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have
traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as squatter and slum
dwellers, and organizations such as trader‟s organizations, hoteliers, transporters and other
associations.
Secondary stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly affected
by it. They include the project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil society
organizations, private sector firms, and other development agencies. Municipal Commissioner,
line departments such as PHED, PWD etc. were amongst the stakeholders consulted.
A preliminary discussion was held with some of the stakeholders on the concept of CDP and purpose
of meeting was indicated to them. The participants shared their ideas, views on the existing
developmental issues. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been summed -up in the
report at appropriate place.

1.8 CONSULTATION
As per the process of information propagation and collecting relevant information for the
requirements of the project, government officials from various line departments were consulted during

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the field visit, various ward councilors were consulted personally and major problem area of wards
has been seen and analysed.

1.9 TECHNICAL APPROACH

The entire work to be carried out has been grouped into various stages. These have been carefully
framed after appreciation of the various tasks to be performed. Theses stages are shown below. Each
of these Stages contains a set of tasks. Subsequently, the Description of the Methodology for each
Stage is detailed in succeeding paragraphs.
Stage I: Project Initiation
Stage II: Status Assessment
Stage III: Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies
Stage IV: Development Strategies
Stage V: CIP and FOP
Stage VI: Formulation of Draft City Development Plan
Stage VI: Formulation of Final City Development Plan
Stage I: Project Initiation
The Consultant team was mobilized in the mid of April 2011. The Project start-up process
commenced with the arrival of the team on site. Consulting team interacted with client and concerned
officials including the elected representatives of Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC).
The team did the reconnaissance survey of city, collected data including reports of earlier studies and
organised discussions with ULB officials, representatives at concerned government agencies and key
stakeholders to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the city‟s development and to provide an
understanding of what impedes service delivery and management within the existing set-up and what
contributes to better service provision. The following heads were covered:
1. Demography Profile
2. Economic Base
3. Urban poor
4. Infrastructure Profile (Physical & Social)
5. Environment, Heritage and Tourism
6. Government policies and programs
7. Financial Profile
8. Institutional Aspects
As part of the stage I, kickoff workshop was organized in the city. For the details refer to chapter 5.
Stage II: Status Assessment

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Sector Analysis
At this stage the Consultant analysed the current situation with reference to each of the sector
identified. The status assessment is based on review of both primary and secondary data and
stakeholders views. SWOT of all identified critical sectors has been done based on the current status
to project.
City Profile
The city profile includes the outcome of the analysis of the existing situation in all the sectors
identified and inputs from the city assessment. The parameters primarily include demography,
economic base, finance, physical and environmental issues, infrastructure and universalisation of
services especially for the poor. The Consultants further identified the project components and the
existing demand-supply gap. The gap evaluation is done through Strength, Weakness, Opportunity,
Threat (SWOT) analysis. This also include in-depth institutional assessment of organizational
capacity, orientations of municipal administration and elected members towards urban reforms,
promoting economic development, role of private sector, empowerment of the poor etc., and
institutional capacity to deliver effective and efficient governance.
Inception Report Submission
At the completion of this stage the consultants have prepared the Inception Report. The Inception
Report includes report of Kick-Off Workshop along with demand assessment of identified projects
and projects in pipeline. The report also includes rapid urban assessment including surveys and review
of town‟s economic development, physical planning and growth management, physical infrastructure,
social infrastructure and municipal finance. The O&M requirements, capacity assessments to operate
and maintain systems, Identification of infrastructure and financial improvement requirements and
Capital Investment also form part of this report.
Stage III: Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies
2nd Workshop (City Vision and Sector Goals)
The outcome of city profile comprising the existing status assessment of identified critical sectors has
been presented to the stakeholders groups identified at the inception stage. The participants included
members of Steering Group, elected representative, municipal officials, representatives of identified
line departments, NGOs, CBOs, religious leaders, youth association etc. The As-Is situation of the
town has been presented to the stakeholders for their views and suggestions. The primary objective of
holding the 2nd workshop is to develop city vision and sector goals. Therefore the post presentation
discussion oriented towards developing a collective and shared vision for the town. Further discussion
has been initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that will be required in the next five years
to move towards Vision 2030.

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A vision is a statement that indicates where city/ study area aspires to go, within a given timeframe.
The vision is developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its strengths,
potential, issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The aim is to have
most desirable public-private and community participation and a spirit of ownership and sense of
belonging with pride among its citizens and to arrive at an overall „goal‟ to develop the study area in
such a way that it fulfill the needs of all its citizens. This exercise has been conducted in order to
define the broad directions for future development of study area. A consensus approach has been built
among the various groups of stakeholders in an integrated and cohesive manner to arrive at a common
vision for the city. The Sector wise visions will be fulfilled through sectoral strategies.
Projection
Preparation of CDP requires forecasting of population for the horizon year 2030, which is the most
critical planning input for calculation of other sectoral demand like housing, infrastructure, trade and
commerce, socio-cultural facilities, etc.
Considering variations in size and character of these towns, one method of population projection is
not sufficient to project the population of whole area covering all settlements. The use of methods of
population projection depends upon the future potential of economic development of particular town.
Therefore the suitable population projection methods are used in projecting the population of
settlements falling in the area. Some of the population projection methods are Linear Method,
Geometric Growth Method, Exponential Curve Method, Compounded Average Growth Rate etc.
Sector Goal and Strategies
The Sector wise goals has been evolved followed by formulation of sectoral strategies. These sectors
has been identified critical sectors, which include demography, economic development, land and
housing, urban poor and slum, physical infrastructure (water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal,
storm water drainage), social infrastructure (health, education, community services, recreational
facilities etc.), Environment, Heritage Conservation and Tourism, Traffic and Transportation,
Institutional framework, municipal finance etc. The sectors mentioned here may change at the time of
CDP process because CDP has been prepared only for critical identified sectors identified by
consultant (based on the scope of work and requirement of the particular ULB) and ratified by
stakeholders during kick-off workshop.
The sector goals have been developed based on the aspiration of various stakeholders and vision for
city for horizon year 2030. Sectoral strategies have been developed in consultation with local
counterparts and representatives of identified key line departments. Sector strategy is a plan of action
designed to achieve a particular goal set for respective sectors. Sector strategy has been the best
possible practical process to achieve the desired goal by utilizing all the available resources (internal

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and external) in a sustainable way. Local counterparts representing each sector, having knowledge of
subject and well aware of limitation along with potential played critical role in finalizing the sectoral
strategies.
The process of developing sectoral strategies are not dependent only upon existing status assessment,
SWOT; views of the local counterpart but also enriched by taking the suitable example of best
practices at national and international level. By adopting this process, comprehensive development
strategies has been developed for each sector, which can be replicate to other cities.
Presentation of the Vision, Goal and Sector Strategies
The expected output at the end of this phase is a city vision, sector goals and possible strategies for
operationalization of the various sectors. A presentation will be made at the District Level before the
District Collector to monitor the progress. A discussion will also be held at State Level with the
UD&HD in Patna to monitor and report progress.
Stage IV: Development Strategies and Priority Actions
Evaluation of Strategies
The development strategies for each sector developed earlier were evaluated by Consultants from the
perspective of their contribution to achieve the city vision and sector goals. The evaluation was done
by adopting the following two steps:
Development of Criteria for Evaluation
The criteria was developed to evaluate the sectoral strategies developed at earlier stage for each
sector. It will help in prioritizing the strategies and programs for city development. The evaluation of
strategies involved assessment of each sectoral strategy against a set of goal based criteria and using
those results in determining project importance. This was done in consultation with Steering Group.
Application of Criteria
The criteria developed for evaluation was applied on sectoral strategies and accordingly development
strategies of each sector will be modified. The prioritization of strategies took a special care of the fact
of capacity of implementing agency and availability of fund (external and internal sources) so that
only doable projects are proposed.
Discussion on Development Strategies and Action Plan
After evaluation and prioritization of sectoral strategies final developed operational strategies was
discussed with Steering Group and other key stakeholders. To implement the operational strategies of
each identified sector, the strategies were transcended into prioritized projects and action plan.
Implementation plan of each project will also be discussed and finalized.
Governance Framework and Reform Action Plan
Analysis of the existing institutional set-up

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The existing institutional-set up was analyzed within the framework of Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
(BMA). All the aspect of BMA were reviewed in terms of powers vis-à-vis capacity of ULB to
implement the City Development Plan.
Status of Reforms
The status of implementation of municipal reforms in ULB was also assessed. The Consultants
conducted consultation with ULB, representatives from the reform programs and local counterparts to
examine the status of reforms in terms of capacity and jurisdiction. The process ascertains whether the
current reforms are consistent with the vision and strategy plan and sustain the planned intervention
for horizon year 2030. The current reforms were judged in terms of their current and future capacity to
implement development plan.
Reform Proposal
If the current reforms are not sufficient or capable to implement the development plan, then additional
reforms will be proposed. Under this suggestions will be given for institutional restructuring required
for successful implementation of CDP. To implement the CDP under the proposed reforms, requisite
qualified human resources are required. Therefore the available human resources will be assessed in
the context of the proposed reforms. The available human resources with ULB should be able to
implement the CDP. If there is any gap between the desired and available quality and quantity of
human resources, then this gap will be highlighted and strategies to bridge the gap will be suggested.
Stage V: Capital Investment Plan
The capital investment plan will be prepared for identified project for City Development Plan 2030 by
following the below steps:
Cost Estimates
All the projects of each identified sector were quantified in terms of numbers, length, width, area etc.
The costing of projects will be done based on the schedule rates of Bihar State and Central Schedule
Rates were referred if the state rates are not updated or available.
Determination of Source of Funding
The funding is required for the identified and prioritized projects to implement the city development
plan. Therefore this is the critical aspect to CDP process. The possible sources of fund could be
central government, state government, ULB‟s own sources, financial institutions, donor programs,
public private partnership etc. Detailed consultations will be conducted with various stakeholders to
determine the type and source of funding from the above mentioned sources. The implication in terms
of conditions of all potential sources of funding will be assessed before finalization.
Assessment of Investment Constraints
Funding Constraints

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All the procedural constraints related to the funding process were identified and to remove the
constraints, consultations were held with relevant public sector agencies and departments responsible
for processing investment proposals and development applications to assess the extent to which
revisions are required in order to facilitate acceptable proposals.
Implementation Constraints
If the fund is made available for implementation of the CDP proposals, then a simplified and easy
regulatory process is required for actual implementation of plan. A regulatory audit will be undertaken
of planning and building regulations, standards and administrative procedures to identify priority
changes and options for their early introduction and enforcement.
Priority Actions and Developing CIP
Preparation of Capital Investment Plan (CIP) included the level of investment requirements to
implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms or standards for service provision and their up
gradation, restoration, relocation etc., and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform
agenda. All the investment required to implement the CDP proposals were divided into different
sources of funding. It was prepared in consultation with the ULB and parastatal organization and with
detailed assessment of available resources (internal and external) along with a logical sequencing of
implementation plan.
The CIP explained the details cost born by all sources (like public sector, private sector, ULB‟s own
sources, funding agencies etc.) along with the O & M estimates of all priority project for first five
years. An appropriate institutional mechanism were proposed for coordination for various sources of
fund available at the state and ULB level including methods for integrating with all sources of fund.
Priority Asset Management Plan
Operation and Maintenance Plan (O & M) of all the assets of services provided by ULB will be
prepared for first five years. The O & M will also be prepared for all new proposed projects of CDP.
O & M is required because generally all the heavy investment assets are deteriorated in the absence of
proper O & M. Apart from the assets of services provided by ULB; O & M of the available land with
ULB will also be done. It will include the demarcation and management of developable and un-
developable municipal land.
Project Risk: Environment and Social Assessment
The finalized projects will also be screened for their adverse impact on environment and human
beings. The impact of the proposed developmental projects on environment will be assessed in the
form of potential negative impacts on air, water, land, flora and fauna As far as social impact
assessment of proposed development project is concerned, it will be done in the form of potential
resettlement and rehabilitation of local people due to the loss of land, property and livelihood. The

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environmental and social impact will be assessed keeping in view the extent, nature and type of
projects.
Interim Report
At this stage Consultant has submitted the Interim Report. This report includes the report of 2nd
Workshop along with City Vision and Sector Goals Strategic Plan identifying areas of development
and physical requirement with special attention to local economic development/poverty reduction
measures; Capital Investment needs based on system performance assessment, demand assessment,
project identification and costing; Capital Investment Plan (CIP); Priority Asset Management Plan
including operation and maintenance plan for services and for lands vested with the ULB has been
prepared for the first 5 years; Project Risk, Environmental and Social Assessment including project
structuring options and associated risks and its environmental and social impacts.
Stage VI: Draft City Development Plan
Financial Operating Plan (FOP)
The financial operation plan covers baseline scenario with no change in existing situation and
alternate scenario with sustainable rate of growth and help in preparation of Project Funding
Requirement, Funding Strategies; Likely Impact of New Investments & suggestions on improving
existing accounting framework.
Once the City Investment is prepared, the consultant prepared a Financial Operating Plan with a view
to make sure that the financial feasibility and sustainability of ULB is fully judged and also that it
takes care of the government‟s fiscal and economic policies and the general macro environment. In
view of the emerging trend amongst municipal bodies on revamping of their accounting and financial
policies in line with contemporary practices, the Consultant has adopted an integrated approach
combining it with the institutional and legal reforms.
Revenue Enhancement Measures
To meet the current and future financial requirements for developmental activities, ULBs will have to
really improvise on generating higher revenue by way of better structuring and management of
operations, fixation of tariffs, user charges, rents, reducing the wasteful expenditure and involving
private sector wherever it is desirable and possible, etc.
Operation & Management and Debt
Under FOP, O & M and debts has been estimated in phased manner for a sustainable financial
management. Generally as is the practice currently across ULBs, the highly valuable assets of heavy
investment are deteriorated due to the lack of proper O & M. Therefore adequate measures have been
suggested for the operation and maintenance of all the assets of various services provided by the ULB.
CDP Workshop (3rd Workshop)

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At this stage workshop has been organized to finalize the Draft CDP. It included participation from all
stakeholders who have been part in the process of preparation of the CDP. All components of CDP
were presented like city vision, sectoral goals, sectoral strategies, prioritization of project and
strategies; costing of project, CIP, etc. to the stakeholders and endorsement for the CDP components,
process and performance monitoring mechanism have been taken for finalization of Draft CDP.
Draft City Development Plan
At this stage Consultant has prepared City Development Plan-Draft Final Report. Draft CDP report
shall include the report of 3rd Workshop along with Financial Operating Plan (FOP) outlining the
revenue enhancement measures required to sustain proposed investments. The consultant has
suggested suitable actions for project sizing and/or project implementation, and action plans to sustain
investments based on capital investment needs; policy interventions outlining institutional changes
and policy reforms required for effective governance and financial management; technical assistance
outlining assistance required for effective implementation of the Capital Investment Plan.
STAGE VII: FINAL CDP
Preparation and Submission of Final CDP
The Consultants shall prepare the final CDP report incorporating the suggestions and comments
obtained from client on Draft CDP and submit the same as specified in the TOR. The final document
will be presented to the UD&HD for finalization. The document will thereafter be submitted to the
urban local bodies along with an executive summary that is to be used for wider dissemination by the
urban local body.
A diagrammatic presentation of the methodology proposed for preparing the City Development Plan
is given below in Figure 1.1.

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Figure 1-1: CDP Planning Process

Final City Development Plan

Draft CDP & Report of 3rd

Workshop STAGE VII

Draft City Development Plan

Interim Report & Report of the

2ndWorkshopon City Vision and Sector
Goals STAGE VI

CONSULTATIONS
City Investment Plan and Financial Operating Plan
FEEDBACK

STAGE V

Development Strategies
nd
2 Workshop on City Vision and
Sector Goals STAGE IV

Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies

Inception Report & Report on 1st

Workshop STAGE III

Status Assessment

Kick Off Workshop STAGE II

Project Initiation

STAGE I

1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT REPORT

The Draft Report comprises six chapters as stated below:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: City Profile
Chapter 3: Sector Analysis and Gap Assessment
Chapter 4: Stakeholders‟ Consultation and Proceedings of 3rd Workshop
Chapter 5: Priority Projects and Strategies
Chapter 6: Capital Investment Plan
Chapter 7: Financial Operating Plan

*****

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 2 CITY PROFILE

2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter on city profile is based on the information gathered from both primary and secondary
sources and it deals with assessment of all aspects related to regional context, history, linkages,
physiography, demography, economy, tourism, growth etc.

2.2 CITY IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

Patna is a town in Patna district situated in the plains of southern side of river Ganga. (refer Figure
2-1). The district comprises six sub-divisions: It is capital town of Bihar centrally located in the center
of state.

Figure 2-1 : Location map of Patna

2.2.1 History of Patna District

The history and tradition of Patna go back to the earliest dawn of civilization. The original name of
Patna was Pataliputra or Patalipattan and its history makes a start from the century 600 B.C. The name

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Patna has undergone many changes at its earliest stages like Pataligram, Kusumpur,Patliputra,
Azimabad etc., ultimately terminating to the present one. Chandragupta Maurya made it his capital in
the 4th century A.D. Thereafter the city lost its importance until Sherkhan Suri rose into power in the
early 16th century A.D. Another version that comes to focus is that there existed a village named
Pattan or Patthan, which later turned into Patna. It has been said that Pataliputra was founded by
Ajatashatru. Patna, therefore, has become inextricably bound up with the ancient Pataliputra. The
ancient village was named „Patali‟ and the word „Pattan‟ was added to it. Greek history mentions
„Palibothra‟ which perhaps is Pataliputra itself.
Ajatashatru had to adopt certain security measures in order to protect Patna from the repeated
Lichchavi invasions. He had got a natural riverine fort protected by three rivers. Ajatashatru‟s son had
moved his capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra and this status was maintained during the reign of the
Mauryas and the Guptas. Ashoka the Great administered his empire from here. Chandragupta Maurya
and Samudragupta, valliant warriors, they took Pataliputra as their capital. It was from here
Chahandragupta sent forth his army to fight the Greeks of the western frontier and Chandragupta
Vikramaditya repelled the Shakas and the Huns from here. It was there that the Greek ambassador
Megasthenes stayed during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. The famous traveler Fa-Hien in the
3rd century and Hiuen-Tsang in the 7th century inspected the city. Many noted scholars like Kautilya
stayed here and works like „Arthashastra‟ were written from this place. This city was the fountainhead
of the spring of knowledge and wisdom in ancient times.
Prince Azim-us-Shan, the grandson of Aurangzeb came as the Governor of Patna in 1703. Earlier then
that Sher Shah had removed his capital from Biharsharif to Patna. It was prince Azim-us-Shan who
tried to turn Patna into a beautiful city and it was he who gave it the name „Azimabad‟. The common
people however went on calling it „Patna‟.
2.2.2 Patna Regional Development Area and Patna Urban Agglomeration Area
The area of jurisdiction of Patna Regional Development Authority(PRDA) covers 234.70 Square
Kilometers comprising of a large portion of the district of Patna, and some portions of the districts of
Saran and Vaishali. The PRDA area straddles the River Ganges with the portion of Patna District
lying south of the river and the Districts of Saran and Vaishali lying on the northern bank. The River
Son flow near its western periphery and the Punpun towards its south.
The 234.70 sq.km of PRDA area comprises of the following urban area and villages:
Within Patna District: The Patna Urban Agglomeration area (PUAA) which comprises of Patna
Municipal Corporation Area (PMC), and its outgrowths of Patlipura Housing Colony, Digha-
Mainpur, Sabazpura, Khalilpura and Badalpura. Danapur Cantonment Area, Danapur Nagar
Palika Parishad area, Khagaul Nagar Palika Parishad area, and its outgrowth of Saidpura,

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Phulwarisharif Nagar Palika Parishad area. Apart from these it also consists of Fatwah Nagar
Panchayat area, Maner Nagar Panchayat area and 104 villages.
Within Saran District: Sonepur Nagar Panchayat Area and 19 villages around Sonepur Nagar
Panchayat area.
Within Vaishali District: Hajipur Nagar Panchayat area and 99 villages around Hajipur Nagar
Panchayat area.

Figure 2-2 : PRDA Area

Within PRDA there is Patna Urban Agglomeration Area (PUAA) which consist of Patna Municipal
Corporation, its out growth and adjacent Nagar Nigam and there out growth. Following are the
constituents of the PUAA and their details.

Table 2.1: PUAA Details

Name of Place Area in Sq Km Population in 2001
Patna Municipal Corporation Area (PMC) 99.45 13.66
Patliputra Housing Colony (Out Growth of PMC) 0.64 0.05
Digha-Mainpura (Out Growth of PMC) 6.99 0.53
Sabazpura (Out Growth of PMC) 0.39 0.02
Khalilpura (Out Growth of PMC) 0.8 0.05
Badalpura (Out Growth of PMC) 0.67 0.01

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Phulwarisharif (Municipal Council) 6.48 0.53

Danapur Nizamut (Municipal Council) 11.63 1.31
Danapur Cantonment Area 3.42 0.28
Khagaul (Municipal Council) 3.66 0.48
Saidpura (Outgrowth of Khagaul) 1.66 0.05
Total 135.79 16.97
Source: Census 2001
2.2.3 Linkages
The city is well connected by road, railways and airport. It is situated in center of state. Airport of
Patna is the biggest airport of Bihar, domestic as well international airplanes arrive and depart from
here. NH-19, NH-30, NH-83 & NH-98 passes through PMC. From Patna railway station there is good
railway connectivity to all parts of India (Figure 2-3). So, PMC has good connectivity of road, rail and
air to all parts of India as well as abroad.

Figure 2-3 : Linkages of Patna

Hajipu
r

Arrah PMC

Munge

Aurangab r

ad Jahanabad

2.3 PHYSICAL PROFILE

2.3.1 Physiography and Relief
The topography of the Patna district has been very much affected by the floods of river Ganges. The
district forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. The area under

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study is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary sediments are deposited
unconformable on the Archaean basement. The district has mainly four types of soils ranging from
moderately well drained to poorly drained, acidic to slightly alkaline and medium to heavy textured.
From the farming point of view only four types of soils may be recognised as light to heavy in texture.
2.3.2 Climate
Hot summer and pleasant winter season characterize climate of Patna. The cold season starts from
November to February, summer from March to June & the Monsoon from July to September. Other
months are transition months. Annual temperature varies from 45°C to 5°C.
2.3.3 Rainfall
The normal annual rainfall in the district is around 1076 mm. The timely and well-distributed rainfall
during Kharif and Rabi has a deciding influence on the land use and cropping pattern of the district.

2.4 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Cities are the major contributors to the National Gross Domestic Product and its physical
manifestations usually starts with urbanization and as can be seen in developed countries, planned
urbanization can lead to tremendous rise in economic opportunities and prosperity. However if the
development is not controlled and planned, it results in undesirable by-products like slums and urban
poor. The cities of this century have become a dominant factor in the National‟s Social, Economic,
Cultural and Political matrix. In this section Patna city‟s demographic characteristics are analyzed to
understand the planning implications emerging out of the demographic assessment.
The demands are assessed as per the perceived needs of the inhabitants and floating population of the
city. This chapter gives a fair idea about the population statistics which in turn drives the demand for
facilities for the city.
2.4.1 Population and Population Density
As shown in the Table 2.2 and Figure 2-4 the population of Patna city has increased from 2,83,000 in
1951 to 18,11,000 in 2011 with a very un-usual growth rate. Population growth rate from 1961 to
1981 was showing increasing trend from 28.52% to 64.14% and felt down to 18.14% during 1981 to
1991 and again during 1991 to 2001 it increased to 48.97% and again during 2001 to 2011 it is
32.53%.. The area of PMC is 99.45 sqkm and current population density (2011) is 182 persons/ha.

Table 2.2: Population and Growth Rate of PMC

S. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate (in %)
1. 1951 2,83,000
2. 1961 3,63,700 28.52
3. 1971 4,73,001 30.05
4. 1981 7,76,371 64.14

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S. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate (in %)

5. 1991 9,17,243 18.14
6. 2001 13,66,444 48.97
7. 2011 18,11,000 32.53
Source: Census of India-2001, PMC

Figure 2-4 : Population Growth Trend

2.4.2 Sex Ratio

Sex ratio is a sensitive indicator of the status of women in society, at a given point of time. India‟s
low sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males in the current Census 2001 reveals a continuing
imbalance in gender relations. Sex ratio in PMC is showing an increasing trend since 1971. As shown
in Table 2.3 sex ratio in year 1971 was 793 and it has increased to 831 in 2001 but still it is much
below than national average.

Table 2.3: Patna Sex Ratio

S. No. Year Sex Ratio
1. 1971 793
2. 1981 810
3. 1991 824
4. 2001 831
Source: Census of India-2001
2.4.3 Literacy Rate
Literacy is an important indicator in showing the status of social development. Patna city has an
average literacy rate of 70%; which is higher than state average 47.53% and district average 63.82%.
2.4.4 Household Size
Household detail is significant for an estimation of the city services. Average household size of Patna
city as per Census of India, 2001 is 6.2 person per house hold (HH-220022).

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2.4.5 Population SC/ST Group Figure 2-5 : Social Structure

Schedule Cast (SC) and Schedule Tribe (ST)
population is also found in the city. As per the 2001
census the percentage of SC population is 8.49%,
which is quite significant proportion. On the other hand
ST population is insignificant with a 0.33%. Details are
given in the Table 2.4 and Figure 2-5.

Table 2.4 : Social Structure

Total Population Schedule Cast Schedule Tribe Other
1366444 116022 4519 1245903
Source: Census of India-2001
2.4.6 Summary Observation
The summary of the above chapter is given in below table.

Table 2.5: Summary of Demographic Information of PMC

Total Population (2011) 18,11,000
Total Population (2001) 13,66,444
Pop. Density (ppsqkm) 13740
sex ratio 831
Total literacy rate 70
Average house hold size 6.2
SC 8.49%
ST 0.33%
Source: Census of India-2001, PMC

2.5 ECONOMIC PROFILE

Economic base of a town reflects its prosperity and is equally important to understand the economic
sustainability of town, which is critical to ascertain the overall sustainable development of city. Patna
is an important exporter of vegetables and manufacturer of electronic goods in the district. It is most
important commercial and trade center of state. This section focuses on number of workers, their
category, and occupational pattern of the City. Attempt has also been made to define the markets

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centers and industrial activities catering not only to the city but also the outgrowth of PMC, as they
have considerable effect on the City‟s economic profile.
2.5.1 Work Force Participation
As per the 2001 census, work participation rate in PMC is 25.37 %. There are 346635 total workers,
out of which 323405 are the main workers and 23230 are marginal workers. The percentage of main
workers and marginal workers accounts to 93.30% and 6.70% of the total workers respectively. Table
2.6 shows the work force participation rate and percentage of workers in all categories.

Table 2.6 : Work Force Participation

In Number In Percentage
Total Population WFR Total Main Marginal Main Marginal
Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers
13,66,444 25.37 346635 323405 23230 93.30 6.70
Source: Census of India, 2001
2.5.2 Occupational Pattern & Number of Main Workers in Different Sectors
The socio-economic condition of the town shows that of the total main workforce around 2 % are
engaged in cultivation, 3% are agricultural labourers and 4% of workers are engaged in household
industries. The remaining 91% workers are engaged in other activities like service, trade and
commerce, industry etc. The details are given in the below table and figure.

Figure 2-6 : Occupational Pattern of main workers

Table 2.7 : Occupational Pattern, PMC

S. No. Activities Numbers % Age
1 Cultivators 6341 2
2 Agricultural laborers 10285 3
3 Household Industries 13700 4
4 Other Sectors 293079 91

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Total Main Workers 323405 100

Source: Census of India, 2001
The analysis of the socio-economic conditions of the resident population of Patna city exhibits that
91% of workers were engaged in sector which include all government servants, municipal employees,
teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport
banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all
those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other
Workers'.
2.5.3 Economic Base
Economic conditions of the people are similar to those of any state capital town except megalopolis.
The town is electrified and has very good communication and telephone facilities as well. The major
source of living is dependent on secondary and tertiary sector.
2.5.4 Trade and Commerce
Patna is an important commercial center and due to its central position at the junction of the three
rivers it has the additional advantage of transport of goods by river. The commercial establishments
are lined along the major roads. The most important commodities manufactured in the PMC are
electronic goods, food grains are imported and vegetables are exported. The municipal corporation
area comprises of large business quarters namely, Marufganj, Masurganj, Mirchiyaganj,
Maharajaganj, etc.(refer photos below showing major commercial areas). Within the PMC there are
several wholesale markets for vegetables and agricultural goods but none of them have been planned
nor do they have any waste management systems. This leads to congestion of traffic, mismanagement
of solid waste disposal system, and chaos within the city area. The agricultural market is also placed
at the eastern tip of the town and this causes major congestion on the bypass road as the trucks are
parked for delivery of goods. which again leads to congestion on the bypass road. The commercial
establishments within the city are mainly lined along the arterial and major roads and there is
extensive mixed land use of commercial and residential use throughout the city.

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Major Commercial Area in PMC

2.5.5 Industry
Patna had been famous in the past for its handicraft which has commanded respect of foreign markets
on account of their finish, generally attributable to master craftsmen who have exhibited their skill
from generation to generation. Besides, potters, carpenters, blacksmiths, coppersmiths and goldsmiths
have been carrying on their traditional occupations to earn their living. Apart from these there are
several industries in and around PMC. These are:
 Shri Lakshmi Cold Storage Ltd., Patna MC.
 Pradip Lamp Works, Patna UA.
 The Bihar Cotton Mills, Patna UA (Phulwarisharif NP).
 Shri Baidynath Ayurvedic Bhavan Ltd. (Patna UA).
 Hindusthan Manufacturing & Industrial Corporation Ltd., (Phulwarisharif NP).

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 Ambuja Electocasting Ltd. Patna MC.

 Bata India Ltd. Bataganj, Patna MC.
 Modi Steels Ltd. Patna MC.
There are also several brick kilns lined along the bypass road. The first Software Technology Park of
Bihar has been developed at Patna by the Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation Limited
(BSEDC), the nodal agency for development of IT industry in the State. The Govt. of Bihar is
formulating and implementing various policy initiatives and specialized infrastructure projects to
place the State on the IT map of India. Setting up of an Information Technology Park (ITP) in the first
phase in Patna, is one of them.
In PMC maximum big, medium, small and household industries are located in Patna city circle (Old
Patna city area). In Patliputra there is one industrial estate of BIADA (Bihar Industrial Area
Development Authority) having 104.14 acre area containing 139 industries, rest industrial
development is done under the registration of DIC (District Industry Center). Major industrial
development is taking in ward number 69 towards bypass.

Figure 2-7 : Major Industrial area in Patna city circle of PMC

Major Industrial development

area in Patna city circle

2.5.6 Tourism
Tourism is also playing major role in economy of Patna. There are various tourist spots which attracts
tourists from not only Bihar but also other parts of India. Detail of heritage and tourism is given in

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succeeding topics, but few important tourism important spots has been discussed here which has
major impact on economy of PMC. These are Golghar, Martyr's Memorial, Har Mandir Takht, Patna
Museum, Pathar ki Masjid, Sher Shah Suri Masjid, Khuda Baksh Oriental Library, Jalan Museum,
Sadaqat Ashram, Agam Kuan, Gandhi Setu, Padri Ki Haveli, Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park,
Kumhrar:, etc.
2.5.7 Informal Sector
Informal sector in the form of multitude of small/petty trading and casual labor is the outcome of large
sections of unemployed and under-employed rural areas and other small neighboring towns looking
forward to cities like Patna for employment and enter the city to move up in the economy ladder.
Thus, Patna has a wage paid service sector and an equally large informal sector comprising of
traditional bazaar etc. This sector plays a significant role in the city‟s economic growth.
Informal sector in form of street vending as a profession has been in existence in almost every city
since time immemorial. However, their number has increased manifold in the recent years. Women
constitute a large number of street vendors in almost every city. Some studies estimate that street
vendors constitute approximately 2% of the population of a metropolis. Urban vending is not only a
source of employment but provide „affordable‟ services to the majority of urban population. The role
played by the hawkers in the economy as also in the society needs to be given due credit and
facilitating inputs for organized growth. These informal sector units locate themselves strategically
near work centers, commercial areas, outside the boundary of schools, colleges, hospitals, bus
stations, religious and tourist attraction places, etc.. Table 2.8 shows the types of vendors in an
informal set up in PMC
Table 2.8: Details of vendors in PMC
Fix Moving Total
Male 19681 2838 22519
Female 5643 793 6436
Total 25324 3631 28955

2.5.8 Issues
Tourism industry is underdeveloped.
Lack of tourism infrastructure and information centers.
Major commercial nodes are congested and overcrowded.
In absence of the service lanes all loading and unloading of goods are carried out on the main
roads leading to congestion and traffic blocks in peak hours.
Vegetable and meat market is creating congestion in town.

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2.6 PHYSICAL PLANNING, GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND LAND MANAGEMENT

This section presents the urban growth pattern, municipal area and population density, spatial growth
trends, spatial distribution of population, ward delineation map, landuse and direction of future
growth (potential area). The data presented in this section has been collected from various documents
and different line department offices in PMC.
2.6.1 Physical Planning
Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) is divided into 72 administrative wards spread over 99.45 Sq km
area (Figure 2-8). Developments in and around Patna during the broad brush Master Plan period 1962
to 1981 was largely unplanned in addition to existing organic growth. This prompted the authorities of
Urban Development Department, Government of Bihar, to take up a new plan before the lapse of the
period. The city and its suburbs were facing urgent problems related to traffic and transportation,
housing, drainage, water supply etc. due to population growth, putting pressures on all walks of life. A
re-orientation of the whole land use system was badly needed. After a series of meetings of technical
and administrative personnel of Government of Bihar during 1979-81 directives were issued in 1980
to the Patna Regional Development Authority for preparing a revised Master Plan for Patna. As per
provisions of section 16, 17 and 18 of Bihar Regional Development Authorities Act, it is a statutory
obligation to prepare Master Plans for all urban centers located within P.R.D.A's defined territorial
jurisdictions i.e. Patna U.A, Fatwah, Maner, Hajipur and Sonepur. However priority for preparation of
plan was given to Patna M.C. considering its primacy as the capital of the State, its rank, size and
complexities of its problems. Draft of the Revised Master Plan of Patna M.C. for the period 1982 -
2001 was prepared for PRDA by a team of planners and other urban agglomerations experts of Patna
in 1986. This Master Plan was only partially successful mainly because of the various socioeconomic
forces. The directions of growth emerged from this plan but there were several problems with its
implementation. Widening of existing roads was not possible due to both financial and legal
constraints. The rapid population growth, inadequate infrastructure for controlling development and
paucity of funds lead to unplanned organic growth, the zoning and sub division regulations were
rarely applied and growth seemed to emerge despite the plan. Parking norms were basic. This
situation was typical of many urban areas of eastern India. Some bold steps were taken by the
Government of Bihar to plan for augmentation of Patna's infrastructure in terms of Sewerage,
Drainage, Water Supply and Solid Waste Disposal. PRDA decided to prepare a Master Plan of Patna
Urban Area for the year 2001-2021 and appointed Development Consultants Private Limited of
Kolkata in association with Sen and Lall Consultants Private Limited of Patna for the purpose but this
master plan has not been approved and notified till now.

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Figure 2-8 : Existing Land use pattern in Patna Municipal Corporation

PMC

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Figure 2-9 : Growth direction of Patna Municipal Corporation

PMC
Present
growth

Future
development
Future development Prospect Prospect
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2.6.2 Land Use Distribution:
Although a Master Plan has been prepared but it could not be notified due to some reasons and the
consultant could not use the land use map prepared under master plan. Although it was not
mandatory under the assignment but the consultant prepared the existing land map based on field
observations. The actual area under various land use in the PMC cannot be calculated under this
assignment, therefore an approximate land use has been calculated. This exercise is based on field
observation and no land use specific surveys was conducted as this was not a part of the study.
Therefore, the tentative land use based on just observation should not be referred for any technical
purpose. As shown in Table 2.9 and Figure 2-10, it is estimated that majority of the developed land is
under residential usage (approximately 60.34%), followed by agriculture related (approximately
17.10%), transportation (approximately 8.19%), public & semipublic (approximately 6.21%),
industrial (approximately 2.61%) and commercial (approximately 2.04%).
The most stunning land use deficiency is under recreational (existing 1.45% and required 18-20%) as
there are very less recreational places in the city.

Table 2.9: Tentative Land Use of DNP

Sr.No. Land Use Class Approximate Percentage
1 Residential 55
3 Commercial 3
4 Public & Semi Public 8
5 Recreational 1
6 Industrial 1
7 Transportation 12
9 Agriculture & Related, Water bodies, vacant 20
Total 100
City Development Plan for Patna

Figure 2-10: Tentative Land Use of PMC

2.6.3 Growth Management

A town is like a living entity. It‟s size, shape and structure changes with the change in time people and
systems of the society. As mentioned above Patna city has experienced a continuous growth in past
few decades in terms of population.
Patna being surrounded by three rivers has a constraint of growth on the northern side due to river
Ganga, southern side due to river Punpun and eastern side due to river Sone. Moreover the
topography of Patna is like a saucer due to the surrounding three rivers. Thus drainage poses a major
problem and pumping out of water seems to be the only solution at present. The city is also otherwise
prone to flooding. The natural growth of Patna City has been towards the west till date, with the older
part of Patna being in the East side of the city. This core area of Patna faces problems of
overcrowding, which has led to enormous pressure on the physical infrastructure and traffic
congestion. The newer development areas lying in the central and western part of Patna comprises of
both plotted developments and apartment houses. The apartments in the newly developed area are
again straining on the existing infrastructure, as the up gradation of the physical infrastructure has not
been done in proportion to the increase in population being accommodated in the apartments. This has
lead to problems of water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste management, parking etc. In the
southern part of Patna city there are low-lying areas lined along the bypass road, which again cause a

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constraint to the development of the area. These areas are being presently used for dumping of solid
waste. In fact, almost the entire stretch of the bypass road is being used for dumping of city waste.
As shown in Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10, after understanding the existing land use map of Patna city it
has been observed that the linear city of Patna has a core at near its eastern extremity and a denser
mixed use core near Patna Railway Junction. Expansion eastwards and southwards has been limited
due to water logging. Therefore, new developments have formed westwards between the Ganges and
on either side of the Delhi Howrah trunk rail line. Expansion would still be in these directions in the
UA and in the south-west upto Patna-Gaya rail line. Currently daytime floating population to Patna
MC is primarily from within the PRDA and where market gardens and orchards flourish in lieu of
grains and pulses.
2.6.4 Issues Related to Spatial Development
The inner city area and old city area has become congested in terms of density of population
narrow lanes and increased traffic. There is excessive commercial concentration and
encroachment on the streets.
Surrounded by 3 rivers from north, east and south and being saucer shaped water logging is major
problem and expansion of city is restricted towards west or south west.
Lack of implementation of development controls.
Unabated conversion of agricultural use to residential use and further to commercial use.
Encroachment of public space

2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION

Preparation of Development plan for any city requires forecasting of population for the horizon year
which is the most critical planning input for calculation of other sectoral demand like housing,
infrastructure, trade and commerce, socio-cultural facilities, etc.
2.7.1 Population Projections: Various Methods
There are various methods available to project population of cities. However, the most often used
method for medium range time period and small geographical areas (cities) are growth rate approach
and trend line methods. The population of Patna Municipal Corporation has been projected using
three different methods which are explained below:
Linear Method
P (t+n) = Pt {1+(n*a)}
Where Pt - is population at time„t‟
P (t+n) - is population at time (t+n)
n - is number of time periods

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a - is the average change in the past time periods

Geometric Growth Method
P (t+n) = Pt (1+r)n
Where Pt - is the population at time „t‟
P (t+n) - is the population at time (t+n)
n - is the number of time periods
r - is the average percentage of change in population over past time period.
Exponential Curve Method
P (t+n) = Pt * en
Where Pt - is population at time „t‟
P (t+n) - is population at time (t+n)
n - is average percentage of change in population over past time period.
Note: Often the rate „r‟ is not calculated, but estimated based on historical patterns and
judgment for the future. CAGR (Compounded Average Growth Rate) of population for the
period 1981-2001 is taken as „r‟ for the above calculations.
Consideration of Birth Rate and Death Rate:
Birth Rate: This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in
the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor
in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age
structure of the population.
Death Rate: This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 populations
at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the
mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population
growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually
show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining
fertility results in an aging population
As shown inTable 2.10, in the year 1999, the birth rates of rural and urban area were 32.4 and 25.2
respectively. On the other hand death rate for the same period was 9.2 for rural and 8.9 for urban areas
of Bihar state. Table 2.11shows the birth rate of rural (34.0) and urban (23.5) areas of Bihar but death
rate for the same period are not available.
Table 2.10: Birth and Death Rate of Bihar
Year Birth Rate Death Rate
Rural 33.5 10.8
1994 Urban 24.3 6.7

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Combined 32.5 10.4

Rural 32.4 9.2
Urban 25.2 7.1
1999 Combined 31.5 8.9
Source: - Sample Registration Scheme Bulletin, Registrar General, Government of India, New Delhi.
(http://www.gov.bih.nic.in/Depts/PlanningDevelopment/Statistics/reptab94.pdf)
Table 2.11: Birth and Death Rate of Bihar
Year Birth Rate Death Rate
Rural 34.0
Not
Urban 23.5
Available
2005-06 Combined 32.4
Source: (NFHS-3)
Due to inadequate data availability on birth rate and death rate, this information could not be used for
population projection.
2.7.2 Projected Population
The projected population of Patna Municipal Corporation using the various methods is presented in
table below:
Table 2.12: Population Projection by Various Methods- PMC
Year Census Linear Method Geometric Growth Method Exponential Curve Method
1981 776371
1991 917243
2001 1366444
2010 1866536 1956089 1970313
2011 1922102 2035632 2052086
2012 1977668 2118410 2137253
2013 2033233 2204554 2225955
2014 2088799 2294201 2318338
2015 2144365 2387494 2414555
2016 2199931 2484580 2514765
2017 2255496 2585614 2619134
2018 2311062 2690757 2727835
2019 2366628 2800175 2841048
2020 2422194 2914043 2958959

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Year Census Linear Method Geometric Growth Method Exponential Curve Method
2021 2477759 3032541 3081763
2022 2533325 3155858 3209665
2023 2588891 3284189 3342874
2024 2644457 3417739 3481612
2025 2700023 3556720 3626108
2026 2755588 3701352 3776601
2027 2811154 3851866 3933340
2028 2866720 4008500 4096584
2029 2922286 4171504 4266603
2030 2977851 4341136 4443678
Source: Projected by consultant
There is very little variation in projected population using Exponential and Geometric Growth
Method. In comparison, population is less when estimated using the Linear Method.
Table 2.12 shows the projected population of Patna Municipal Corporation by various methods.
Population projected by exponential curve method is selected for planning purpose.
The projected population using Exponential Curve Method i.e. total population of 4443678 in the
horizon year 2030 is taken up for further estimation of services for City Development Plan 2030. The
method considers the induced growth and since various development proposal will come when there
is a planned development of city along with the revival of industries.

Figure 2-11 : Projected Population Projection of PMC

The Figure 2-11 shows the trend of projected population which depict the rate of growth of PMC.

*****

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 3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter on Sector Analysis and Gap Assessment is based on the information gathered from both
primary and secondary sources and it deals with assessment of all sectoral aspects related to physical
infrastructure, social infrastructure, housing, environment, heritage and tourism, local economic
development, institutional framework, municipal finance etc.

3.2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Availability and adequacy of urban services are important indicators to assess the livability principle
of city. They act as catalysts for economic development. Thus, infrastructure may be defined as the
basic facilities, which any developed area requires in sustaining the activities being carried out in it.
Therefore, infrastructure facilities play an important role in fostering economic growth and enhancing
public welfare. The physical infrastructure includes Water supply, Drainage, Sewerage, Solid Waste
management etc.
3.2.1 Water Supply
Water supply is one of the important municipal services. The service levels of the water supply
system in PMC are assessed by per capita water supply; percentage of storage capacity and percentage
of treatment capacity.
In general water is not scarce resource in the Patna district; therefore the availability of underground
water particularly in Patna city is sufficient, it comes under safe zone of Central Ground Water Board
estimation. The water supply system of Patna town is based on ground water sources. The Ganga,
Son and Punpun rivers define the northern and south eastern boundaries of the town; however these
are not utilized as water sources for municipal supply at present.
The capital works of the urban public water supply system are carried out by Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad
(BRJP) and O&M is the responsibility of Patna Jal Parishad (PJP). The public water supply system
consists of 98 tube wells, pumping water directly to distribution mains on an intermittent basis, across
the entire town. The only form of treatment is disinfection by online electro-chlorinators. The
distribution system includes 23 OHTs, although most of them are currently not in use. The system is
old and inadequately maintained, probably because of dearth of funds and reduced staff strength of
the responsible agency, with the result that estimated water losses are very high. As Patna has
excellent ground water resources, a large number of private tube wells exist for domestic as well as
non-domestic use. The private tube wells are used to supplement or even as an alternative to the
public water supply. The quality of ground water is reasonably good but some pockets are starting to
show signs of water quality deterioration. The water is of potable standards provided it is disinfected.
Table 3.1 presents water condition in city.

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Table 3.1 : Water Condition of Patna

S. No. Items Patna
1 Quality problem Nil
2 Level 2-8 mt.
3 Drought/flood prone Flood Prone
4 Major source Piped water Supply (60% HH)
5 River Ganga
Source: SPUR, DPR Water supply
3.2.1.1 Groundwater
The Patna district is underlain by unconsolidated formation which is quarternary to Upper quarternary
of age group. Lithologically, the district is made up of recent alluvium, clay, silt, sand, gravel pebbles
with concentration of calcareous materials. From the groundwater potential point of view the entire
district falls under good to very good category. The presence of kankar (nodules of CaCO3) and fine
sand at places render the top clay zone semi-pervious in nature, where ground water occurs under
phreatic condition. During pre-monsoon season, the minimum and maximum water levels were
observed as 3.00 and 8.57 m bgl respectively. About 25 % of the wells have the water level in the
range of 2 – 5 m bgl (Table 2). In majority of the wells (76 %), the water levels remain in the range of
5 – 10 m bgl. The spatial distribution of water levels during this season reveals that the south-west and
eastern parts of the district are observed with a depth range from 3 to 6 m bgl while in the central part
the depth to water level ranges from 6 – 9 m bgl (Figure 3-1). The water level measurement during
post-monsoon season ranges from 1.40 to as deep as 7.34 m bgl. There are each 36.36 % of wells
observed in depth range of 2 – 5 and 5 – 10 m bgl whereas about 27.27 % of wells observed in 0 – 2
m bgl depth range. Spatial distribution of water level shows that west, south-west and eastern parts of
the district, the water level ranges from 1 to 5 m bgl whereas in the central part around Bakhtiarpur
block and in Masaurhi block, the water level ranges from 5 to 7 m bgl (Figure 3-2).

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Figure 3-1: Water level depth during pre-monsoon

Source : “Ground Water Information Booklet” for 2007 by CGWB

Figure 3-2: Water level depth during post-monsoon

Source: “Ground Water Information Booklet” for 2007 by CGWB

Groundwater Quality: The water samples collected from the network of observation wells (dug
wells) tapping water table aquifer and also from deep tube wells tapping confined or leaky confined
aquifer were subjected to chemical analysis in the laboratory of CGWB, MER, Patna. The quality of
ground water in the water table aquifer is acceptable for various uses as per the quality criteria laid
down by ISI, as nowhere it crosses the excessive limit. The ground water in the confined/semi-
confined aquifers is better than that of the water table aquifer as it is within the „permissible‟ limit as

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per the quality criteria. The tube well water is recommended for drinking and other domestic purposes
in the district. However, Arsenic concentration has been reported from Patna district. As
concentration above the permissible limit (50 ppb) has been found from Haldi chappra in Maner block
and Malayibanea in Barh block. As such in Patna there is no arsenic contamination, ground water
quality is relatively good.
3.2.1.2 Surface Water
Patna is located on the bank of River Ganga, which is a perennial river, and hence, has access to
ample surface water. However, the surface water test reports show heavy bacteriological pollution at
all locations which are within the municipal boundaries. The legal and regulatory aspects of taking
Ganga water for domestic potable use needs to be checked by the state authorities.
Surface Water Quality: Surface water is not used for drinking or domestic purpose in the study area.
3.2.1.3 Source of Water Supply
The main source of water is underground water. The average underground water table is around 2-8
mt. There are 98 tube wells in the town (11 are not working), 30000 Public stand posts (including
stand posts in slum area) and approximately 23000 public hand pumps spread across the city. 60% of
the total households are covered by water supply facility. The tube wells are operated for 15 hrs in a
day from 5.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. and from 3.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m. Most of the tube wells are of recent
installation (65% are less than 5 years old). Patna town has a very high number of private tube wells.
As is revealed by the willingness to pay survey, except for the Patna city area (old Patna), in most
other parts of the town, people who have space in their residence for a boring, have installed a tube
well, generally with 1 HP motor, and this is a very large section of the population. There is no record
of the number of such private tube wells. There are 23 OHT‟s in the Patna MC area and except for the
four OHTs in Agam Kuan, Guljarbagh Press, Guru Govind Singh Hospital and High Court (all of
which are maintained by PHED), none of them are in operation right now.
Photos of Pump house, hand pump and public stand posts are given below:

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Gardani bagh OHSR Assessment Rajendra Nagar OHSR Assessment

Hanuman Nagar OHSR Assessment Bahadur pur Sec 5 OHSR Assessment

Table 3.2 : Water Supply Service

Water Supply Value Units
Total number of households with direct water supply connection 60% %
Total no. of public hand pumps 23000 nos.
Total number of public stand posts including in slums 30000 nos.
No. of public stand posts in slums 22000 nos.
Total no. of public hand pumps in slums 2500 nos.
Total no. of tube wells 98 nos.
Working 87 nos.
Not functional 11 nos.
Total OHT 23 nos.
Average hours of pressurized supply per day to each zone 6 hours pressurised hours
Source: SPUR, DPR Water supply
3.2.1.4 Present Demand and Supply Gap
Presently, as per PMC in year 2005, PHED supplies approximately 310 MLD is supplied with 40% of
unaccounted for water (UFW) through tube wells. After deducting the UFW total water is supplied
186MLD at the rate of around 91 lpcd on 2011 projected population. On an average water is supplied
once for 8 hours twice per day. As per UDPFI, Institute of Town Planning India (ITPI) norms and

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standards, any city of this status should supply at least 135 liters per capita per day (lpcd). As per
these standards the existing gap is 44 lpcd.
3.2.1.5 Water distribution networks
As per DPR for water supply of PMC 190 km length out of total reported length of 750 km
distribution water supply network exists in PMC. No record of the balance network exists.
3.2.1.6 Water Charges
The one time water connection charge for domestic connection is Rs 940. The water tax is collected
as part of property tax @ 2% of the annual rental value or 10% of the property tax the water
connection charge. For non-domestic property Rs. 1455 and user charge of Rs 3.5 per 1000 gallon per
month are charged.
3.2.1.7 Water treatment facilities
The only form of treatment given to the municipal water supply is by on line electro-chlorinators,
which produce chlorine for disinfection by disintegration of salt. These are well suited for small on
site installations. The electro-chlorinators are reported installed in all of the tube wells but they have
operational problems.
3.2.1.8 Future Demand Assessment
As shown in below table (CPHEEO Manual on water supply norms), any city of this size should
supply at least 135 liters per capita per day (comparison with benchmark). This supply is without
UFW (Unaccounted for Water), which should be limited to 15%. Therefore, the total gross per capita
water supply has been proposed (inclusive of UFW) as 155 LPCD (135+20.25) for the horizon year
2030.
Table 3.3: Recommended Per Capita Water Supply Levels for Designing Schemes1
S. No. Classification of towns/cities Recommended max. water
supply levels (lpcd)
1 Towns provided with piped water supply but without 70
sewerage system
2 Cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage 135
system is existing/contemplated

1
Note
In urban areas, where water is provided through public stand posts, 40 lpcd should be considered.
Figures exclude “Unaccounted for Water (UFW)” which should be limited to 15%.
Figures include requirements of water for commercial, institutional and minor industries. However, for
bulk supply such establishments should be assessed separately with proper justification.
Source: Ministry of Urban Development, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organisation Manual on Water Supply and Treatment, Third Edition – Revised and Updated (May 1999), New
Delhi.

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3 Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with piped water 150

supply where sewerage system is existing/contemplated
Source:
http://www.niua.org/Publications/research_studies/Water_supply/status_ws_sew_swm_report.pdf
As shown in below table, the future demand of water supply has been taken @155LPCD (CPHEEO
norms). The demand has been calculated in a phased manner on 5 years interval. The water supply
demand of projected population in a phased manner is shown in below table.
Table 3.4: Future Water Demand Assessment
Year Population Per Capita Demand in LPCD Total Demand in MLD
2011 1811000 155 280.7
2015 2414555 155 374.3
2020 2958959 155 458.6
2025 3626108 155 562.0
2030 4443678 155 688.8
Source: Generated by consultant
3.2.1.9 Water Supply Projects
The DPR for water supply has already been prepared for PMC and it is approved.
3.2.1.10 Issues
These issues have been identified after by consultation with local people and with the water board
officials are given below :
The high surface water potentiality of River Ganga is unutilized leading to overexploitation of
ground water. The utilization of ground water does not require high capital investment as well as
recurring cost towards treatment, operation and maintenance. The BRIJP and PWB are making an
effort towards conjunctive use of surface and ground water sources in order to reduce pressure on
the ground water sources.
The main problem with the existing system is non-uniform supply in different area and
contamination due to various leakages. The UFW loss is above 40% due to poor and old supply
network.
The pipes are in the center of the road due to road widening and facing heavy traffic, resulting in
loss of carrying capacity, contamination of water, repair and maintenance problems.
In maximum area water supply pipe line is very old and it is below 10 to 15 feet of surface so
connecting households from the main lines is very difficult. In some places water supply pipe
lines are filled with silt and sudden pressure causes bursting of pipes, resulting water leakage and
mixing of portable water with drains.

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Due to inefficient water pumps in many area water pressure is very low causing unavailability of
water in inner area.
In many colonies the drinking water and sewerage pipelines are interceding each other, with
sewer line on top of water line increasing the possibility of contamination by Sanitation and
Sewerage
3.2.2 Sewerage and Sanitation
3.2.2.1 Existing Sewerage System
The Sewerage System in Patna City was established in 1936. There are 4 sewage treatment plant
located at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali chak having capacity of 45, 35, 25 & 16 MLD
respectively and total quantity of sewage reaching at each STP are 40, 30, 4 & 3 respectively.
3.2.2.2 Access to Sewerage facility
Households having access to either Under Ground Drainage Facility or Septic Tank are considered to
have access to a safe disposal facility. In the inadequacy of underground sewerage system, the major
mode of sewerage disposal is on site sanitation. In case of availability of latrines the main types
present are:
Water Borne latrine
Service latrines
Other latrine
As per Census of India 2001 and shown in Table 3.5 and Figure 3-3, around 62.51% (135,630)
households have water closet latrines followed by 20.37% (44,205) having other type latrines and
8.11% (17,591) have pit latrines, whereas as 9.01% (19,559) of the households have no latrine facility
in house and they defecate in open. Only 72% (156,311) of the total houses have bathroom within the
house.

Table 3.5 : Type of Sanitation Facilities

Number of households having Type of latrine within the house
Total number
bathroom facility within the Pit Water Other No
of households
house latrine closet latrine latrine
216,985 156,311 17,591 135,630 44,205 19,559
Source: Census of India, 2001

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Figure 3-3 :Toilet facilities and Bathroom facilities (Types & Availability)

As per old CDP total length of sewer is 27.4 Km having 21884 connections in Patna Municipal
Corporation.
3.2.2.3 Public Toilets
As there is less underground sewerage system in the town, the households depend either on other type
of latrines or depend on the other modes of disposal like public conveniences, slum population is
taken as a proxy for dependents on public convenience. There are 21 public toilets in the PMC, which
are inadequate.
3.2.2.4 Present Demand and Supply Gap
As shown in Figure 3-3, based on 2001 census, there are 9% houses still lacking toilet. As per 2001
census data, there is a gap of 19,559 toilets as these houses are without toilet facility in PMC. As per
the benchmark standard, there must be sewer system in the city with every household having
individual household latrine.
3.2.2.5 Future Demand as Per Norms
The future demand of sewerage system and sanitation has been calculated based on the projected
population. As per CPHEEO norms, the sewage water has been taken as 80% of the total water
supplied in the city (http://cpheeo.nic.in/status_watersupply.pdf)
Table 3.6: Future west water Assessment in PMC
Year Population Total Water Demand in MLD Total west water Generation in MLD
(80% of total water supplied)
2011 1,811,000 280.7 224.6
2015 2,414,555 374.3 299.4
2020 2,958,959 458.6 366.9
2025 3,626,108 562.0 449.6
2030 4,443,678 688.8 551.0
Source: Generated by consultant

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3.2.2.6 Issues
Absence of a comprehensive sewerage system in the city
Public toilet / Public conveniences are not sufficient.
Improper means of disposal of wastewater resulting in environmental pollution and unhygienic
conditions.
This may pollute shallow ground water with microbial pollution
Infiltration of rainwater into sewerage line further aggravates the problem in monsoon months.
The partly or wholly untreated effluent flows into open drains.
3.2.3 Drainage
As discussed in earlier sections Patna City is situated on an up level strip of land along south bank of
river Ganga between Danapur in the west and Fatuah in the east and having an average width of 1.5
km in east and 3 km in the west. The strip slopes towards south and also towards east. This sort of
topography has given a saucer like shape to Patna. The railway line virtually divides the topographic
conditions of the town. Area in the south of railway line is almost flat and rain water often remains
accumulated on a vast span of urban land for the major part of the year. The problems of city become
more acute when the water level of Ganga, Punpun and Sone rises, which in turn leads to flood. Storm
water drainage is expressed in terms of its coverage with respect to the total road length. Ideally, the
length of the storm water drain should be twice that of the total road length. There is about 460 km
pucca drain, 340 km kutcha drain, 1200 km underground drain. The unserved area is around 8%.
3.2.3.1 Major Water Bodies
This district falls in the Ganga Basin. The river Ganga passing through the northern border of district
in NW-SE direction drains the district. However, there are irrigation canals running parallel and
horizontal to the river. Apart from this there are a few small ponds/ditch but its size is negligible and
water is very less.
3.2.3.2 Existing Drainage System
The storm water drainage system of Patna and its outgrowths have been divided into four distinct
zones.
Eastern Zone:
The Eastern zone is primarily the old Patna city comprising the area falling on north of new bye-pass
road, east of Nalanda Medical college Hospital and Ganga Bridge and up to Deedarganj on the east
and Paschim Darwaja in the west. There is no well-defined drainage system in this area. The streets
and lanes are so narrow that underground conduits for sewerage and drainage could not be laid due to
non-availability of space. Major portion of human settlement has grown at higher level in this area.

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There are two Nos. of very old drainage outfalls one at Paschim Darwaja and the other for the city
area which is called „City Moat‟. In fact, the area drainage in the northern part of this zone takes place
through Agamkuan Nullah which leads to Pahari pumping station and the storm water from the
southern part of this zone drains out in low lying areas where from it discharges into the river „Poon
Poon‟.
The area in the south of main Railway line remains water-logged for months together, since there is
no pumping station in between Pahari and Deedarganj, the major drains being east city moat and west
city moat connected by several open surface drains. The pumping capacities at Pahari will mitigate
the problem of water logging in NMCH area, Tulsi Mandi and road from Agamknan to Gulzarbagh
Railway Station.
Southern zone:
The Southern zone is encompassed by main Eastern Railway line in the North, Patna new Bye -pass
in the South, Ganga Bridge in the East and Patna Gaya Railway line in the west. At present a drainage
system exists at Jogipur in Kankarbagh serving Lohianagar housing colony only, having a pumping
station of total capacity of 780 hp, whereas about 2600 hp capacity pumping station is required to
cater the areas chirayatand and Karbigahiya with adjoining localities. As yet, these two areas do not
have proper drainage system. On completion of construction of Patna new Bye-pass the natural
drainage was obstructed and as such there is accumulation of storm water in the colony areas between
old and new Bye-Pass roads. The drainage problem is further aggravated due to haphazard growth of
private colonies even without having any surface water drains. The Housing Board colony of
Kankarbag, Bahadurpur and Hanuman Nagar also has drainage congestion. The pumping station
located at Jogipur (Kankarbagh) pumps out storm water to Kankarbagh outfall which leads to pahari
at a distance of 4 Km. during non-monsoon period the storm water flows by gravity to the river „Poon
Poon‟. During flooding situation the storm water is discharged to the river „Poon Poon‟ by pumping at
Pahari. An additional set up of pumping storm water has been built for Bahadurpur area near the T.V.
tower, where from storm water is pumped to Kankarbagh outfall. It may be mentioned here that the
Kankarbagh outfall is in a dilapidated condition and the stretch of outfall channel from Nandlal
chhapra to the Ganga Bridge is still kutcha. This stretch should immediately be desalted, re-sectioned
and lined. The lining may be done by using indigenous material. In addition to this, the pumping
capacities at Jogipur and Pumping stations must be increased.
With a view to eradicate severe flooding situation in the east of chirayatand area up to the Ganga
bridge, Bahadurpur Rajendra Nagar and Nalanda Medical college area, Bihar Rajya Jal Parshad
(earlier BISWAS Board) prepared especially a separate drainage scheme for Kankarbagh. This
scheme speaks of construction of open drainage network and renovation of pump houses at Jogipur

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and Pahari. It may be opined that open drains become the receptacles of solid wastes and as such these
drains will have blockage due to formation of slush mucks and filthy matters. Thus, the flow through
open drains gets interrupted. It is recommended to lay R.C.C. N.P2 pipe drains of required diameter
by following the standard design norms.
Central Zone:
This zone is bounded by Patna-Gaya Road in the west, Nalanda Medical college Hospital Road in the
east, Ganga Bridge Approach Road on the north and the main Eastern Railway line in the south.
Ashok Raj Path acts as a ridge line. The strip of land lying between Ashok Raj Path and the river
Ganges slopes towards the north i.e., towards the Ganges. This area is prone to flooding. There was an
embankment along the Kankarbagh road to prevent entry of flood water from the river „Pun Pun‟.
After wards, this embankment has been shifted further east and north along the river „Pun Pun. The
new Bye-Pass road is the boundary for Patna urban area apart from „Pun Pun‟ bundh.
The major three nullahs leading to outfall of this zone are Bakerganj nullah, Agamkuan nullah and the
underground drain up to Krishna Ghat. The storm water during worst situation in monsoon is pumped
from Antaght outfall, Krishanaghat outfall and Pahari outfall. The storm water from areas of
Kadamkuan, Langertoli, Machutoli, Machutoli, Baripath and Khazanchi road is pumped out from
R.K.Avenue Pumping station and discharged to Agamkuan mullah. The storm water of Rajendra
Nagar area is pumped to the Agamkuan nullah which flows to Pahari.
Western Zone:
This zone is bounded by Patna-Gaya road on the east, Danapur-Khagaul road on the west, the river
Ganges on the north and main railway line on the south. Although on the south the main railway line
is a barrier, the storm water from areas like Mithapur, Jakkanpur, Purandarpur and Gardanibagh
comes under gravity to the sump located at Mithapur wherefrom it is pumped. The areas to the west of
Patna canal up to Danapur-Khagaul road are quite high and free from flood. The Government house,
Secretariat, Patna High court, officers‟ quarter, etc formed new capital area in western zone of Patna.
Serpentine channel, the old bed of the river sone was only out let in the western zone. At a later date,
a drainage canal now known as Boring canal was excavated to intercept the flow reaching serpentine
channel discharges storm water into the river Ganges at Rajapur outfall. When the level of the river
Ganges reaches highest high flood level (H.H.F.L), the storm water is pumped from Rajapur Pumping
station. S.K. Puri drain connected to Rajapur pumping station receives storm water rom Punaichak,
Patel Nagar, Anandpuri, New Pataliputra colony, A.N. Colllege area, Nehru Nagar, etc. The storm
water of Punaichak and Patel Nagar area is pumped into S.K.Puri Drain at Punaichak pumping
station. The storm water of Jakkanpur area (at north of Patna-Gaya Railway line) and south of Patna-
Phulwari Road is pumped to the serpentine mullah which ultimately discharges to the river Ganges

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through Mandir outfall. The other major drain in this zone is Kurjee drain which drains out the storm
water from veterinary college area, Ashokpuri, samanpura, Rajabazar, Asana Nagar, western Patel
Nagar, S.K. Nagar, A.G. Colony, New Pataliputra Colony, Rajiv Nagar and Kurjee. The drainage
water is discharged into the river Ganges by pumping at Kurjee pumping station and outfall. At
present, the area lying on the west of the Kurjee Nullah has no drainage system at all. Therefore, the
storm water flows over the land by following the natural ground slopes and gets stored in depressed
pockets and low-lying areas forming ponds in vast tracts of land. The area on south of railway line
and from Anishabad turning upto Phulwari sharif have no drainage system obviously, the low-lying
areas and roads remain water-logged. It has been observed that residential and institutional growth are
very fast in the locality between Saguna more and Patna canal without giving any thought of draining
out the storm water. The areas which are having sporadic growth must be provided with suitable
underground drainage network with catch pits and street inlets as and where as well as and when
required.
The Pataliputra Colony has its storm drainage system and the storm water is pumped into the river
Ganges. But, the areas where Sadaquat Ashram, Brajkishore Memorial, Polytechnic, Layala School
and other establishments are located, have no storm water drainage system. The major drainage out
falls to the river Ganges are from Patna canal, at Kurjee Pump house, Rajapur Pump house, Mandiri
P.H., Anta Ghat P.H., Krishna Ghjat P.H. and Gai Ghat P.H. There is only one drainage outfall drain
leading to the river Pun Pun (from southern zone and partly from central zone). Some more outlets to
Pun Pun are required. The existing drainage system has again been divided into several drainage
districts on the basis of the areas catered by the drainage channel/canal/Nikashi drain and draining out
the storm water to the outfall. These are Baker Ganj channel district, Kadamkuan Nullh/Agamkuan
Nullah district, Mithapur drainage district, Serpentine channel district, Boring canal District. etc.
These are the five channel districts delineated for storm water drainage.
3.2.3.3 Issues
As a result of unplanned development in the city, certain severe problems have cropped up for
drainage of storm water even during rainy season. The few identified issues are:
Even though separate sewerage system has been adopted in Patna, the same does not function in
reality. Storm water drains; open drains and storm outfall carry sullage, septic tank effluent and
even untreated sewage.
When Sewerage network get choked the household usually connects it to the storm drainage
system. Therefore open drains get silted.

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The Agamkaun nala is heavily silted, therefore during rainy season the drain overflows and water
partially accumulates in its catchments areas and partially finds its way back to the pump house at
Saidpur.
The existing drainage pumping plants at Pahari, Jogipur (Kankarbagh), Rajendra Nagar,
Antaghat, Kishanghat, Mandiri, Mithapur, Rajapur, Punaichak, SP Verma Road and Kurjee are
old and not working at the designed capacity. The construction of unplanned colonies further
aggravating the water logging and is source off health hazards.
The Siadpur Pumping station is catering to total central zone drainage system leading to breaching
of Agamkaun Nala, which is heavily silted. The water circulates in the catchments of Saidpur
pump house.
The encroachments; solid waste dumping and silt deposition cover the drainage channel and RCC
drains in Central Zone. This lead to water logging in the central zone area.
Drains on the both side of bypass is not properly developed, they are kuchha nala and encroached
and blocked at many places causes not proper draining of water resulting to water logging in
surrounding area.
Drains along the railway line is not properly developed which causes flooding in area south of
railway line.
The multilateral agencies involved in planning, implementation and operation & maintenance has
led to mismanagement.
3.2.4 Solid Waste Management
3.2.5 Solid Waste Management
Urban solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation
residues, industrial and hospital waste. Industrial and hospital waste are considered to be hazardous
wastes as they may contain infections and toxic agents.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices have broadly the following components; generation,
storage of waste at source, segregation of waste at source, primary collection, temporary storage,
transportation of waste and treatment and / or disposal of waste.
As per Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07, India produces about 42 million tons of urban solid waste
annually. The per capita waste generation varies between 0.2 kg. to 0.6 kg. per day, and the current
municipal solid waste generation is estimated to be approximately 0.4 kg per capita per day.
It has been estimated that because of the increasing per capita waste generation of about 1.3 per cent
per year, and the growth of urban population of between 3 and 3.5 per cent per annum, the yearly
increase in the overall quantity of solid waste in the cities is about 5 per cent. Urban waste
management by the ULBs is already under stress because of poor resources and inadequacies of the

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system. Unless concerted efforts are made to improve the flow of resources to solid waste
management and build up systems which incorporate the basic requirements of a proper waste
management practice, the problem of urban waste will be further aggravated and cause environmental
health problems. The composition of urban waste is another factor to consider, with increasing use of
packaging material made of both paper as well as plastic. It generally contains high proportion of
organic matter and high ambient temperature and humidity favor rapid bacterial growth and
decomposition of the waste and consequent generation of foul smell. The garbage has low
combustible material content and the calorific value is less than 1000 Kcal/Kg. Average density varies
between 500-600 cum.
3.2.5.1 Quantity of waste generated
In Patna, approximately 680 tonnes of garbage is being generated every day. Solid waste management
in Patna is in poor state and is performed by PMC at present. It is important to note that certain
initiatives in the form of door to door collection of solid waste in Patna appears to have been initiated
under “Chaka Chak Patna Solid Waste Management Program”. Recently for some wards Solid waste
management in Patna has been outsourced to A2Z infrastructure private limited
3.2.5.2 Waste Storage and Segregation
Presently the waste is not segregated at the household level. The residents dump the waste in the
nearby collection points or on the nearest vacant land.
3.2.5.3 Constituents of waste
The sources of solid waste generation in Patna include:
Municipal solid waste (from the domestic and commercial sectors and common areas such as,
parks, street sweepings and drain silt)
Construction and demolition debris (C & D waste)
Bio-medical waste (waste generated by health-care and veterinary establishments)
Slaughterhouse waste (as un-organized activities)
'Special' waste (small quantities of toxic and hazardous waste generated by the household,
hospitals and trade sectors)
Industrial waste generated within the city area
Coal waste generated in coal depot
Waste generated at Railway warehouses
Waste generated at trucks service-stations and halt points
The waste generated at these places is broadly categorized as organic and inorganic waste. There is a
marked variation in the biodegradable component of MSW in accordance with the land use pattern.
Industrial areas are considered to generate relatively less amount of biodegradable waste while

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residential areas, local fruits /vegetable markets, institutional areas public / semipublic areas and
villages within municipal limits generate waste with high biodegradable component. Industrial and
hospital waste are considered to be hazardous wastes as they may contain infections and toxic agents.
The recyclable constituent includes paper, plastic, glass crockery, clothes, metal, etc. Paper, plastic
and rag contributed a major fraction while glass, metal contributed to a lesser extent.
3.2.5.4 Primary and Secondary collection
At present there is an inefficient collection services in place. In PMC door to door collection of solid
waste is not in practice by municipality though in some wards door-to-door collection has been
outsourced. The solid waste is dumped by the individuals either at the nearest collection point or in
the low lying areas which is then picked up by the local body who collects the garbage on the trolley,
handcart and dumps the waste in an unorganized manner into the roadside without any treatment. The
waste is kept open at the collection points, which leads to subsequent foul smell, water, air pollution
and unhygienic conditions. It also chokes the drains during rainy season and lead to water logging in
the low-lying / surrounding area. The local body also does not have adequate and suitable vehicles for
collection of waste or garbage.
3.2.5.5 Transportation of solid waste
The whole mechanism of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal is non- functional at
present though the municipality has the required equipments. At the same time garbage is handled
manually which leads to health hazards.
3.2.5.6 Solid Waste Processing and Disposal
At present the waste does not undergo treatment. and a crude method of dumping solid waste in low-
lying areas is in practice. Although PMC has 20 acre waste disposal site has been identified in Patna
but waste is not dumped at the site. Most of the city waste is simply dumped at the Ramachak Bairia.
3.2.5.7 Reuse and recycling
At present the waste does not undergo treatment. There is no solid waste management facility in
PMC. Lack of awareness and alternatives for people is also one of the reasons that the city appears
like a landfill site with wastes dumped almost on all road side.
3.2.5.8 Service Coverage and Efficiency
The service level in case of solid waste management has been assessed by the collection performance
of waste, availability of dustbins, vehicle fleets and conservancy staff. The indicators to assess the
performance on the solid waste management in the Nagar Nigam are presented below in Box 3.1.

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Box 3.1: Key Indicators for Assessment of Solid Waste Management

Service Levels: (i) Waste Generated Per Capita (w.r.t. 2001 Population); (ii) Road Length per
Conservancy Staff; (iii) Total Vehicle Capacity and % to waste generated; (iv) %age of Waste
Collected as per LBs Estimate and as per available capacity.
Service Coverage: (i) Average spacing between dustbins; (ii) Number of Trips per vehicle per day.
Service Efficiency: (i) Mode of Disposal.
The service level indicators mainly emphasizes on the waste generation, collection and transportation
mechanism and practices of the Nagar Nigam.
3.2.5.9 Waste Generated Per Capita
The sources of solid waste generated in PMC are the household kitchen, hotels, markets, subji mandi,
meat mandi, coal depots, industries, transport service centre, educational institutions, hospitals and
offices. The quantity of waste generated 680 MT per day, out of which 40% is domestic wastes and
60%, is industrial & commercial waste. The solid waste comprises of vegetable and putrescible
fractions (49%); combustible fractions (12.5%) and non-combustible fraction (38.5%). The current
(2011 population) average per capita/daily solid waste generation of is 0.33kg.
3.2.5.10 The Collection Performance
The collection of solid waste is also key indicator for assessing the level of services in terms of
management of solid waste. Based on the available capacity of conservancy vehicles, the total waste
collected as percentage of waste generated per day is about 65 % for PMC.
Primarily, the sweeping, collection and disposal is done by municipal staffs. The garbage is collected
and stored in a common point in every ward and the transportation is done by tractor.
3.2.5.11 Available Infrastructure
Collection performance is dependent on the availability of vehicles and the number of trips made by
them daily from collection point to disposal point. The vehicle capacity ratio is expressed as
percentage of total vehicle capacity available to the total waste generated per day. The ratio helps to
work out the minimum number of trips to be performed with available capacity, or additional number
of vehicles to be acquired to achieve 100 percent collection performance. There are 121 tractors and
386 hand carts & trolleys, 7 Dumpers and 27 trucks with PMC for garbage transportation as shown in
table below.

Table 3.7: Infrastructure Strength

S. No. Particulars Number
1 Hand Carts & Trolley 386
2 Truck 27
3 Dumpers 7

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4 Tractor 121
Source: Patna Municipal Corporation
The average number of trips performed by vehicles is around 2 trips per vehicle per day and the
average collection performance of 65 per cent for PMC. The brief of the Solid Waste Management in
Patna city are given in table below.

Table 3.8 : Solid Waste Management

S. No Service Level Indicators Status
1 Total Waste Generated per day 680 MT/day
2 % of Waste Collected 65%
121 tractor trolley
3 Number of Vehicles
386 Hand Carts
4 Number of Trips per day 2 trips per day
5 Disposal Sites Ramachak Bairia
6 Type of Disposal Dumping on road side
7 Agencies Involved PMC, A2Z Infra. Pvt. Ltd.
8 Average Spacing between Dustbins (m) 1639
Source: PMC
3.2.5.12 Present Demand and Supply Gap
Out of total waste generated in the town, only 65% is collected and transported to other locations
remaining 35% remains uncollected. The average spacing between dustbins is above 1500m in PMC
which is not adequate for the whole city and the vehicles required for loading and transportation of
solid wastes are also not sufficient. The existing landfill site is not developed and therefore is not in
use.
3.2.5.13 Future Demand Assessment
Demand assessment of solid waste generation has been calculated by taking the norms of NEERI as
mentioned in Table 3.9. The table shows that Projected population of Patna (Year 2030 Population-
4,392,407 person) is coming the in the 0.1 to 0.5 million population range. According to this range the
per capita waste generation for Patna city should be 0.21kg/capita/day.
Table 3.9: Per Capita Quantity of Municipal Solid Waste in Indian Cities (NEERI, 1996)
Population Range(in million) Average Per Capita Valuekg/capita/per day
0.1 – 0.5 0.21
0.5 – 1.0 0.25
1.0 – 2.0 0.27

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Population Range(in million) Average Per Capita Valuekg/capita/per day

2.0 – 5.0 0.35
> 5.0 0.5
Source: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/2005/Sanitation-Wastewater-Management/paper-
kumar.pdf
But present condition of per capita waste generation is 0.33kg for PMC which is much higher than as
it should be. The future projection of solid waste generation has been calculated by taking the 0. 35 kg
per capita per day. As shown in table there will be total 1537 MT solid waste generated in PMC in the
year 2030.
Table 3.10: Assessment of Solid waste generation in PMC
Year Population Waste Generation (in MT)
2011 1,811,000 634
2015 2,401,024 840
2020 2,936,501 1028
2025 3,591,414 1257
2030 4,392,407 1537
Source: Generated by Consultant
3.2.5.14 Issues
The city does not have proper infrastructure for collecting, transporting and disposing municipal
solid waste.
Absence of segregation practice at source or at disposal sites leads to the increase in quantum of
waste to be disposed.
Inadequate placement of garbage bins, which results in the waste littered along the roadsides as
well as sides of drains.
Being a town with quite a few household industries, the industrial wastes generated remain
uncollected ultimately finding their way to the drains and then towards river.
Transportation of the waste is done in open carriers which lead air pollution.
Hospital wastes are not incinerated but mixed with other wastes.
3.2.6 Power and Street Lights
3.2.6.1 Existing Status
Electricity supply is very erratic and not all the wards especially the slum wards are electrified. Street
lights are present but not in all parts of the city. More over a separate phase is not available for street
lights which make it difficult to operate. At few places solar street lights have been installed under the
MLA funding scheme.

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As per census of India 2001, out of the total houses 74% use electricity as source of light. 25% houses
use Kerosene as source of light followed by solar energy 1 %. It reflects average economic status of
people living in Patna. Refer to Table and Figure below.

Table 3.11: Distribution of Households by Source of Lighting

Source of lighting
Total number of
Solar Other Any
Households Electricity Kerosene No lighting
energy oil other
216,985 197,974 17,647 573 331 176 284
Source: Census of India, 2001

Figure 3-4: Distribution of Households by Source of Lighting

The consultations with local public reveal that generally people were not satisfied with household
power supply as it is supplied only for 8 to 12 hours in a day whereas urban poor‟s said that they don‟t
have any household electricity connection.
Below table shows the electricity connections in various sectors i.e domestic supply, non-domestic
supply, industrial, etc.

Table 3.12 : Category wise electricity connection

Source : http://bseb.bih.nic.in/Overview.htm

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3.2.6.2 Streetlight
Streetlight is one of the important and basic urban needs which play important role in functioning of
city at night. There is a general inadequacy in terms of availability of street lights on main road
stretches and even where provided, many of them are non-functional for lack of proper maintenance
and replacements
Average Street Light Spacing: Minimum street light spacing required between successive lampposts
is dependent on the road width, traffic volume and land use on a particular road. For normal two-lane
road, preferred spacing is about 30m. The spacing between streetlights is 155m in PMC area. The
streetlights available are not working efficiently leading to accidents and other traffic hazards.
There are 28 stamp posts, 3600 (In 72 wards /50 per ward given to Ward Councilor) streetlights in
PMC. There are 23 high mast lights in Patna. Maintenance of street light is done by PMC.

Table 3.13: Streetlight

Total number of street lights 3600 nos.
Length of pucca roads without streetlights 120 km
High Mast Poles 23 Nos
Source: SPUR Data
3.2.6.2.1 Future Requirement of Power Supply
The total requirement of electricity supply of the projected population is given in the Table 3.14. The
requirement has been calculated @ 2KW/household (UDPFI Guidelines).
Table 3.14: Future Requirement of Power Supply for Projected Population
Estimated Per Capita Total Estimated
Projected No. of
Year Electricity Requirement Electricity
Population Household
(UDPFI Guidelines) (in KW) Requirement (in KW)
2011 1,811,000 292097 2 584194
2015 2,401,024 387262 2 774524
2020 2,936,501 473629 2 947258
2025 3,591,414 579260 2 1158521
2030 4,392,407 708453 2 1416906
Source : Generated by consultant
3.2.6.3 Issues
Long hours of power cuts in the city (4-8 hrs in a day).
Many household/small industries have closed due to non-availability of power.
It hampers the water supply in the city
Haphazard wiring all over the city

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No arrangement of street light on inner roads and in newly developed periphery area of town
Lack of staff for operation and maintenance of streetlight in the town.
3.2.7 Traffic and Transportation
3.2.7.1 Existing Traffic and Transportation Scenario
An efficient transportation system is a prerequisite for the proper growth and functioning of the city.
An appropriate circulation pattern enhances the linkages of the city with other settlements in the
regional context and it also improves the connectivity within the city. Patna is well connected by road
and rail with all important towns in the region.
3.2.7.2 City Transport Network
The physical expansion of Patna city is linear from east to west for a length of 30km and an average
width of 3-4km from river Ganga in north, Punpun in south and Sone in the west. The overall road
network in the city is not adequate as less than 10% of area is under circulation against the normal
standard of 15-20%. The road network system is deficient in terms of geometrics and traffic
management aspects.
As it has been an important city, it is well connected to its hinterland. The national highway NH-30,
NH-31, NH-2 and Golden quadrilateral and the state highway, Bye-pass roads are the regional road
connectors that pass through the area.
Patna is nearly 100 Km. away from the National East-West expressway and over 100 Km from the
Agra-Kolkata expressway (NH2).
The major roads of Patna city are presently found to be used by street-hawkers. Pedestrians are forced
to use carriageway proper thereby reducing right-of way of the vehicular traffic. Roadside parking for
having no off-street parking facilities in the city further reduces effective carriage-width.

Figure 3-5 : City Transport Network

Major Arterial

Ashok Rajpath Arterial

Bailey Road

Old Bypass

Road Network of the City

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3.2.7.3 Major Corridors

The major corridors are, Ashok Raj Path, Patna Danapur road, Baily road, Harding road, and
Kankarbagh road. The feeder roads to these corridors are not able to serve their purpose because of
insufficient road width and poor traffic management at many places. From viewpoint of road network
hierarchy, the medium capacity roads are absent. Connectivity of the road network is poor also due to
haphazard development of residential / commercial localities
3.2.7.4 Public Transport System
Airport
Patna‟s Lok Nayak Jayprakash Airport is a customs airport having customs and immigration facilities
for limited international operations by national carriers and for foreign tourist and cargo charter
flights.
Primarily behaving as a domestic airport, Patna is directly connected with New Delhi, Calcutta,
Bombay, Lucknow, Varanasi & Ranchi.
Railway
Patna station is the main station and is not yet fully on the Broad gauge double track electrified
system of India. Broad gauge railway lines connect the country to Jharkhand and West Bengal in the
eastern region, UP in northern region and Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka in southern region.
River Transport
Patna is fortunate to have a perennial river link Ganga on its entire northern flanks. National waterway
1 (NW1) is the 1354 Km stretch from Allahabad to Haldia via Varanasi, Patna and Farrakka. The 236
Km stretch between Allahabad and Varanasi and the 356 Sq. Km. stretch between Varanasi and Patna
have draughts of between 1.5 and 2.0 meters and are therefore navigable for most of the year.
However from Patna to Farraka (411 Kms) and Farraka to Haldia (351 Km), the draughts are a
minimum of 2.00 meters and are therefore navigable throughout the year. However, this cheap and
environmentally friendly system of transport for goods and people has not been exploited to its
potential. It also has tourism prospects with Patna as a hub. A rail spur from Patna rail junction to the
jetty exists but is economically stagnant and has to be revived. More jetties are also required so as to
vastly increase river movements for goods and people especially between Patna and Kolkata / Haldia.
Bus
The predominant mode used for inter-city passenger movement is private buses. Intercity bus services
are very poor due to poor management and poor maintenance. Bus services in Patna are mostly
intercity volume of incoming and outgoing passenger from bus stand is around 25000 to 30000
passenger. There are around 37 bus routes that operate from Patna main bus stand to region and

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within Patna urban area. The frequency of the routes varies from one per day for regional routes to
two per hour in certain routes. Bus service within city is very poor; frequency is 1.5 to 2 hour per day.
Public transport system in Patna in general, is inadequate, inefficient, and unplanned and therefore, it
is not able to serve the travel demand of the public in the best possible way.

Places of origin of traffic

As observed during the field visit, city main roads have become overcrowded and congested as they
caters most of the city traffic. There are large number of road crossings on these roads, which have not
been planned at all and subject to congestion and accidents. Most of the other roads are not been
metalled. The places of origin of the traffic in the city include the following:
Commercial
Subzi Mandi area
Educational Institutions
Bus stand
Railway station
The public transit system mainly Bus, Minibus, Train, Car and Jeep in Patna Urban area are of vital
importance. But due to proper maintenance and poor management public transit system deteriorating
day by day. The city roads are congested leading to jamming conditions, which has become
intolerable dissipating almost every system of the city. Due to high density of cycle-rickshaw on the
road, passenger movement is disturbingly slow.
The location of wholesale market in north within Patna city and transport nagar on south in the
outskirts, leads to heavy movement of the LCVs and other small good carriages for to and fro
transportation of goods and commodities from wholesale areas namely Kankarbagh, Ashok Rajpath,
and Meethapur.
The functional widths of the major roads are thus reduced to as low as 50% due to encroachments,
and parking on the road shoulders. Water logging due to poor drainage adds to the woes. The reduced
road width leads to increases in the volume-capacity ratio causing congestion, vehicular pollution and
accidents. Mixed traffic on major roads further compounds the problem.
3.2.7.5 Growth of Vehicles
As mentioned in the Patna CDP, the traffic of the city has grown 67 folds in last two decades from
4384 in 1981 to 289844 in 2001. The poor public transportation system of the city has made increase
in private vehicles by 4.7% in 1996-2001.
3.2.7.6 Road and Road Network
The road density in PMC area is 13 km/km2 whereas in Municipal Corporation area it is 3km/km2.
Below table presents the road and traffic service level indicators in Patna

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Table 3.15: Roads and Traffic- Service Level Indicators

Component PMC
A. Road Network
Municipal Road Length (km) 1315
Other road length in Km (NH, SH & MDR) 53
Length of surfaced road (km) 1421
Length of kucha road (km) 346
Average width of the road (km) 5.5
Surfaced road density (km/sqkm) 13
Per capita surfaced road (m) 0.86
B. Traffic System
Number of Registered Vehicle (2001) 289844
Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.7
% of Land under Circulation to Total 4.6
Number of flyovers 10
Public transport mode Auto Rickshaw, Tempo, Mini buses, rickshaws
Pedestrian over bridges/underpass No
Source: CDP Patna
3.2.7.7 Present Demand and Supply Gap
A good network of roads coupled with an efficient mass urban transport system play a catalytic role in
urban economic growth, with a beneficial impact on the urban poor. However, there is a growing
trend towards an increasing number of personalised vehicles, especially two-wheelers which account
for 60- to 80 per cent of motor vehicles. This results in congestion on the roads, slowing down of
traffic and atmospheric pollution. Narrow carriageways and poor road surface add to the problems.
Growing vehicular pollution in cities is a cause of great concern, as are noise levels and traffic
accidents. Traffic and transport is an emerging problem in many cities which are experiencing
heightened economic activity and mobility of people.
In Patna, circulation of people and vehicles is hampered by narrow roads and mix traffic. This is
further constrained by the fact that the carriageway is occupied at the margins by vendors,
unauthorised structures, solid and liquid waste, and parking of vehicles. Poor road construction and
inadequate maintenance further hamper smooth traffic flows. Failure to provide for genuine
requirements such as parking areas for trucks and buses, vehicles for hire as well as for private
vehicles leads to haphazard use of road space and acts as an obstacle to the smooth movement of
traffic.

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3.2.7.8 Parking
It is an established fact that the private motor vehicles in urban areas are found moving on the
network for only twenty percent of the time and for the remaining eighty percent time they are parked
either at residences or at work places or in commercial areas. The parking in commercial areas
becomes critical because heavy concentration of activities and limited space available for parking. In
Patna specific parking is available at all the major market places like Murya Lok, Patliputra market,
Hatwa Marketplace. Other than this people park their vehicles on road which leads to traffic
congestions and jams. Parking of vehicles of shopkeepers/ customers and informal vegetable and
cloth market on major roads (Bailey road; Fraser Road & other lateral roads).
3.2.7.9 Issues
Most of the regional roads / major district roads face the following problems:
Poor traffic management plan
Existing major arterial roads are very congested
The width of the roads is not standard.
Poorly designed intersections.
No signaling/other traffic management measures.
Absence of parking facilities and parking on the streets.
The roads are being encroached upon at various places within the city limits
Regional transport is mixed with city road transport.
The points where regional roads meet city roads are not being developed.

3.3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

This section on social infrastructure covers main aspects of social infrastructure like education, health,
recreational, firefighting, bank etc.
3.3.1 Education Facilities
In ancient times, Bihar was called the temple of education of India. The two major historical
universities, Nalanda and Vikramshila were situated on this land. The standard of education in the
early days was therefore, very rich. However, today the educational infrastructure and quality has
been tampered with, as a result of which, the state is facing an acute literacy challenge.
The Educational facilities are the responsibility of Department of Education. Patna is one of the oldest
major centres of learning in East India. Patna University, the first university in Bihar, was established
in 1917 and is the seventh oldest university in South Asia Sub-continent. Patna Medical College,
established in 1925 as the Prince of Wales Medical College, was ranked sixth in undivided India.

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Now Patna has got its Central university Central University of Bihar (CUB). The details can be found
at www.cub.ac.in
Patna also houses one of India's most richly endowed libraries, the Khuda Baksh Oriental Library,
which has rare manuscripts dating back several thousand years.
3.3.1.1 Higher Education
In the past few years, many other educational institutions have opened, such as the Indian Institute of
Technology, the National Institute of Technology, and the Birla Institute of Technology. Other
colleges include the newly opened National Institute of Fashion Technology, Chanakya National Law
University and medical schools such as the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences.

3.3.1.2 Schools
In post-independent India, schools for young children are mainly based on the kindergarten form of
education. Primary and secondary education in Patna is offered by various schools which are affiliated
to one of the boards of education, such as the Bihar Board, ICSE, CBSE, and NIOS. Schools in Patna
are either government run or are private (both aided and un-aided by the government).
3.3.1.3 Demand Assessment
As per the UDPFI norms, there are total requirement of 362 primary schools, 241 senior secondary
schools and 14 colleges by 2011 and 878 schools, 586 senior secondary schools and 35 colleges by
2030. The details given in the below table.
Table 3.16: Demand Estimation of Educational Facilities of PMC
UDPFI Norm Demand of Educational Facilities
Facilities (1 per 2011 (Population- 2030 (Population -
population) 1811000) 4392407)
Primary School (Class I to V) 5000 362 878
Senior Secondary(Class VI to
7500
XII) (1000 students) 241 586
College (1000 to 1500 students) 125000 14 35
Total - 618 1499
Source: Generated by the Consultant

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3.3.1.4 Issues
The major issues related to educational facilities in the city are as follows:
The educational institutions are less in number.
These government schools are short of teachers and other facilities in government schools.
Fees in private schools is very high and is beyond affordability of most of the residents in the city.
In slums or among urban poor‟s most of the children are either drop outs or don‟t go to school
because of the fees.
3.3.2 Health Facilities
At present there are 35 Hospitals and Dispensaries in Patna.
3.3.2.1 Demand Assessment
As shown in below table, health facilities are inadequate. There is
a total requirement of 233 health facilities by 2011 as per the
UDPFI norms and 566 health facilities by 2030. The details are
given in the table below.
Table 3.17: Demand Estimation of Health Facilities of PMC
UDPFI Norm Demand of Educational Facilities
Facilities 2011 (Population- 2030 (Population-
(1 per population)
1811000) 4392407)
General Hospital 100000 18 44
Intermediate hospital
100000 18 44
(Category A)
Intermediate hospital
100000 18 44
(Category B)
Poly Clinic 45000 to 100000 18 44
Nursing home, Child
welfare and Maternity 45000 40 98
centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary 15000 121 293
Total - 233 566
Source: Generated by the Consultant
3.3.2.2 Issues
There are no major issues related to medical facilities in the town because there is abundance of
private hospitals and clinics with facilities for treatment of all kind of diseases. Only point raised by
locals during the consultation was that there is a deficiency of medicines in dispensaries.

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3.3.3 Park and Open Spaces/ Recreational Facilities

Parks, open spaces and green belts are the lungs of the city. Patna has 42 parks and playground, 10
community halls and 1 Cinema hall.
There are several cricket grounds located across the city, including the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium, which
is second largest in eastern India, next only to 'Eden Gardens' of Kolkata. The stadium features a
swimming pool and a cricket academy. This stadium has served as venue for two one-day
international cricket matches and several national sport events.
Patna Golf Club has a 165 acres (67 ha) course. Patna Indoor Stadium, also known as Rainbow Field,
is an indoor and outdoor sporting complex and will be renamed after Abhinav Bindra, the Olympic
gold medalist.
3.3.3.1 Other Facilities
Table 3.18: List of other facilities
S. No. Type Numbers
1 Electric Crematorium 3 at:
Bansh Ghat – NCC Circle
Gulbi Ghat – Bankipur Circle
Khajekala Ghat – Patna City circle
Dobhi Ghats 3
Rickshaw Stands 10
Source: PMC Officials, CDP Patna
3.3.3.2 Issues
Lack of parks and poor maintenance
Lack of proper amusement facilities for children in the existing parks.
Negligence towards the development of historical and religious places.
3.3.3.3 Fire Station
Fire services play pivotal role in protecting people from fire hazards, building collapses, road
accidents and other unforeseen emergencies etc. The aim of providing fire safety service is to ensure
that the firefighting department is fully equipped to cater for the city level requirements with latest
machines and vehicles and trained officials.
The city has 4 fire stations at Patna, Patna city, Kankarbagh and Secretariat with 5,3,2 vehicles
respectively. There are 4 fire hydrants in the PMC at Patna fire station, Patna city fire station,
Kankarbagh fire station and Beur jail. Fire hydrant at Secretariat fire station is under construction.
Average response time is 5-10 minute in the PMC.

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3.4 HOUSING STATUS

Urban housing is an important determinant of the quality of life of people. Housing is a basic need
that has to be addressed. This section presents the housing status of Patna. An attempt has been made
to bring out issues related to housing conditions.
The number of houseless population has also increased during the last decade indicating a housing
gap. The household size is 6.2 members per household in PMC, which is on the higher side when
compared to the national average urban household size of 5 members per house.
3.4.1 Present Housing Status
Patna MC is saturated and growth should take place in the PUA area (extended PMC), so that the
present PMC area concentrates on urban renewal in the fullest sense and through a participatory
process.
For low paid wages, rentals are beyond the paying capacities compared to the two agglomeration
settlements. The highest density of population is around Patna Railway station though mixed uses.
Urban housing is classified into four broad typologies:
 Residential (organic/unplanned)
 Residential – Planned – Plotted
 Residential – Planned – Apartments
 Identified Slums
The PMC would not be undertaking housing in Patna other than BPL programs
As per 2001 Census there are 216985 households in PMC and the average household size is 7. Out of
216985, 207,033 are residential and 9,952 are residential cum other houses. Out of 207,033, 139,163
are in good condition, 56,622 are in livable condition and 11,248 are dilapidated houses.

Table 3.19: Condition of Census Houses

Total Residence Residence-cum-other use
household Total Good Livable Dilapidated Total Good Livable Dilapidated
216,985 207,033 139,163 56,622 11,248 9,952 6,576 2,879 497
Source: Census of India, 2001

Table 3.20: Present Housing Demand Supply Gap

Parameter for Housing Demand 2001
Population 1366444
Total Households as per 2001 census 216,985
Total Residential HH 207033
Dilapidated houses 11,248

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Parameter for Housing Demand 2001

Houses with good and livable conditions 195785
Shortage in housing stock 21200
Source: census of India, 2001
The net existing housing gap for of Patna has been worked out on the basis of existing population,
existing household size and existing dwelling units, dwelling units which are in dilapidated condition
and slum houses. The net existing housing gap turns out to be 21200.
3.4.2 Houses by Amenities
Figure 3.6 shows number of room in a dwelling unit, it is seen that 24% of the population lives in
single room followed by 28% (two rooms). Houses by amenities means availability of facilities like
source of light (figure 3.7) water (figure 3.8), sewerage, drainage, and garbage collection within
premises of house. Bihar Housing Board has constructed most of the major colonies.

Figure 3-6: Types of Rooms Figure 3-7: Houses by Source of Light

Figure 3-8: Type of drinking water within the

premises

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3.4.3 Unauthorized Colonies

Unauthorized Colonies are basically the illegally developed areas. These have evolved in violation of
norms and regulations of land subdivision as well as the building by-laws. Such colonies have
developed in a number of locations in Patna. Being unauthorized, availability of basic infrastructure is
highly inadequate in these colonies.
3.4.4 Issues
The need for new housing is increasing day by day with increasing economic activities in the city and
immigration. As a result the town, which was small, compacts, has become a picture of slum, over
congestion, environmental pollution and mixed land use over a period of time. A number of
unauthorized colonies have come up on Agricultural land and low lying areas in and around the town.
New residential areas are emerging on the outskirts of the town in unplanned manner and this need
immediate attention.
The current supply of housing does not meet the entire requirement of housing.
Growth of unauthorized colonies on the agricultural land all around the town.
Lack of access to planned spaces for the urban poor has resulted in encroachment on public land
and in low-lying areas.
Conversion of agricultural land for non – agricultural uses.
Inadequate infrastructure facilities such as roads, drains, parking, sewerage system, park and open
spaces etc. in most of the housing colonies.
Deteriorating condition of buildings in Patna
Uncontrolled growth of the slums.
3.4.4.1 Future Housing Demand
As shown in table below, there will be total housing demand of 708453 houses in PMC in the year
2030. The future demand inclusive of available stock has been calculated by dividing the total
projected population by average household size.
Table 3.21: Future housing demand of PMC
Year Population Household Size Total Housing Demand
2011 1811000 6.2 292097
2015 2401024 6.2 387262
2020 2936501 6.2 473629
2025 3591414 6.2 579260
2030 4392407 6.2 708453
Source: Generated by Consultant

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3.4.5 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS

In this section an overview of the urban poverty situation in PMC is discussed. In Patna, urban poor
are forced to live under unhygienic conditions in slums, lacking in basic amenities. With increasing
population pressure and increase in commercial activities, the gap between demand and supply of
essential services and infrastructure is widening. As per 2001, Census of India, BPL population in
PMC is 43219 (29%). Urban poverty and urban disparities in access to basic services are issues that
cannot be overlooked as the town promotes itself further to attract commerce and trade. The challenge
in Patna is to find appropriate solutions to bridge the gap in access to services and infrastructure.
3.4.5.1 Slums in Town
As per the survey conducted for SPUR program of Bihar Government funded by DFID, PMC has as
many as 108 notified slums pockets and 7 un-notified slum pocket. Due to lack of infrastructural
facilities in unauthorized colonies the quality of life has been deteriorated.

Table 3.22: Ward wise Slum (Notified) Details in PMC

No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
NCC 1 Yarpur Domkhana 19 100 700 3500
NCC 2 Yarpur Musahari 19 100 60 300
3 New Yarpur, gardanibagh road no- 15 100 35 175
NCC 1, Near Shiv Temple
4 Sachiwalaya Gumti No-1, Near 19 50 800 4000
NCC Yarpur
NCC 5 Babubazar near Electricity Board 15/14 25 25 125
NCC 6 Gardanibagh Road N0-13 15 10 20 100
NCC 7 Gardanibagh Road N0-17 15 30 20 100
NCC 8 Gardanibagh Road N0-27 10 37 25 125
9 Jaainan Nagar (under Chitkohra 9 13 60 300
NCC flyover)
NCC 10 Kaushal Nagar 9 35 700 3500
NCC 11 Under Chitkohra over bridge 12 15 20 100
NCC 12 Shasrtinagar PWD ground 8 35 100 500
13 Near or Infront of Chaprasi quarter
NCC ,Shastrinagar 8 50 100 500
NCC 14 Shastri Nagar (near Girls School) 8 35 125 625
NCC 15 Indrapuri, Near Surga mandir(Chak) 7 90 100 500
NCC 16 Samanpura Mahendinagar 7 35 150 750
NCC 17 Digha Musahari 1 100 150 750
18 Rajeev nagar Rd- No-23,Near
NCC Gardani (Bagicha) 1 20 100 500

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No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
19 Harijan Tola ( Behind Alpana
NCC Cinema ,Digha) 1 50 50 250
NCC 20 Jalalpur ,Mushari/Chamar Toli 3 100 300 1500
NCC 21 RUPASPUR ,Teslal Verma 02/03 26 500 2500
NCC 22 Lalu Nagar 02/03 18 40 200
NCC 23 Kaparia Tola ,Shekhpura 05 100 40 200
NCC 24 Shekhpura Bind Tola 05/08 Above 100 250 1250
25 Rajbanshi Nagar Near Guest House 8 35 200 1000
NCC Office-
26 Saristabad Near Gardanibagh 14 50 100 500
NCC (Purbari tola, Noniatola)
27 Chakbinda (Near Hanuman 14/13 60 20 100
Temple),Gardanibagh road no-16,
NCC Patna High School
NCC 28 Nehru Nagar, Musahari 8 35 200 1000
29 Dujra Pahalwan Ghat to Bari Path- 24 20 150 750
NCC purbari tola, Rajendrra Ghat
30 Buddha colony near police station 24/26 40 50 250
NCC behind Banshi Ghat
NCC 31 Budha Ghat near Golghar Chouraha 27 80 50 250
32 Sioahi Ghat Targhat Behind
NCC Collectriate 37 40 350 1750
NCC 33 Anta Ghat-left side of collectoriate 37 31 65 325
34 Lodhipur China Kothi Near
Christen Colony ,Harijan Toli on
NCC Drainage 27/23 80-100 610 3050
NCC 35 Adalatganj Amarnath road 21 80 800 4000
NCC 36 Kamala Nehra Nagar, Adalatganj 21 50 1000 5000
NCC 37 Chandpuri Baila, Chamar Toli 17 150 70 350
38 Old Jakkanpura, Cham toli, 16 150 50 250
NCC Ramdayal Path
NCC 39 Salimpur Aahara 37 50 23 115
40 Slimpur Aahra, Domkhana, Daldali 37 70 20 100
NCC Road
41 Veterinary College Campus (Near 4/5.. 40 250 1250
NCC Idgah)
NCC 42 Rukanpura, Mushari 3 100 150 750
NCC 43 Balmichak 10 100 25 125
NCC 44 Punaichak -Part -1 , Lalit Bhawan to 20 60 100 500

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No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
Sabji Mandi
Patna 45
city Chand Colony Gay Ghat 52 30 100 500
Patna 46 Babuaganj, Near Pani Tanki, Ganga
city Bridge 52 100 75 375
Patna 47 Khara Kuna ,Jagua Toli(below
city Gaye hgat) kali Asthan 53 80 120 600
Patna 48
city Nalwandtoli 53 100 20 100
Patna 49 Dusadh Toli Near City Court
city Belwarganj 58 100 40 200
Patna 50 Belwarganj (behind Anand Cinema
city & near Kabrishtan) 58 Above 100 20 100
Patna 51
city Diwan Mohalla Shish mahal 59 35 150 750
Patna 52 Diwan Mohalla ,kanta Gali &
city Hamanpar 59 40 30 150
Patna 53 faujdari Kuna near Guru Givind
city Hospital Baeely road 60 30 60 300
Patna 54 Loharwa Ghat(Bank of Ganga
city River) 52 Above 100 40 200
55 Alamganj,Machua Toli+pathan Toli
Patna ,near Jangi masjid(On the bank of
city Ganga River) 52 Avove 100 150 750
Patna 56 DomToli,Pathri Ghat ,Devi Asthan
city & Chamar Toli 52 125 30 150
Patna 57
city Meena bajar(Kurapar) 57 60 500 2500
Patna 58 Makhanpur Idgah Near nawab 53/
city Sahrb ki Mosque 58 100 50 250
Patna 59
city Shadipur Domkhana 57 100 60 300
Patna 60
city Mahendruganj (Daldaliganj) 61 100 175 875
Patna 61 Amarpur Deep Nagar 61 45 70 350
city
Patna 62
city Dadar Mandi,Naya Tola 57 35 80 400
Patna 63
city Dundi bajar (Gumbad ki Masjid) 62/63 150 25 125

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No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
Patna 64 Sah Ki Imli (Chuhia Gali ,Chota
city Imambara) 64 Above 100 30 150
Patna 65
city Mangal Talab (North Side) 65 100 50 250
Patna 66
city Musahartola Murcha road 67/69 100 100 500
Patna 67
city Paijwa Bari Pahari (Mushar Toli) 56 50 250 1250
Banki 68 Sandalpur(Abdul Bari Bhawan)
pur Near Pani Tanki 54 50 65 325
Banki 69
pur New Ambedkar Colony ,Sandalpur 51 50 600 3000
70 Sandalpur,Old Ambedkar
Banki Colony,Near pani TankiSanichara
pur more(Near pond) 51 60 250 1250
Banki 71
pur New Khajoorbanni ,Goraiya Asthan 51 50 20 100
72 13
(dweller
s
displace
d due to
anti-
encroch
Banki West Lohanipur Near Buddha Murti ment
pur ,Kadamkuan 36 8 work) 65
Banki 73
pur East Lohanipur Ambedkar Colony 36 Above 100 800 4000
Banki 74
pur Mahmudichak 43 45 60 300
Banki 75 Kajipur ,near Dinakar Golamber ,
pur Harijan Toli 42 60 200 1000
Banki 76
pur Ambedkar Bhawan ,nala Road 43 68 80 400
Banki 77 new bahadurpur road,Infront of
pur Mounul-Gaq-Stadium 36 Above 50 600 3000
Banki 78 Muradpur ,Adalat Ghat Babu Tola
pur ,Old Mahundru Ghat 39 50 80 400
Banki 79 Musallahpur, Nayagaon, Balipath
pur road, Mahendru 48 50 700 3500

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No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
Kanka 80 Bharwar Pokhar (Near Vinodanand
rbagh Jha park)& khaitan market 39 80 225 1125
Kanka 81
rbagh Old Pani Taki, Rainbow field 34 30 50 250
Kanka 82 Kankarbagh near Gayatri mandir,
rbagh near Rainbow field 34 40 30 150
Kanka 83 Jhuggi Jopri near Thana - Lohiya
rbagh Nagar 34 35 20 100
Kanka 84 Kankarbagh Lohia Nagar (Opposite
rbagh Docotr's Colony) 34 35 250 1250
Kanka 85 Lohia Nagar, Jhuggi Jhopri, Malhi
rbagh Pakri 34 35 20 100
Kanka 86 PCC Colony in front of Viklang
rbagh Bhawan 35 60 20 100
Kanka 87
rbagh Vidyapuri Kankarbagh 34 25 22 110
Kanka 88
rbagh East Indira Nagar near Malahi Pakri 33 100 100 500
Kanka 89 East Indira Nagar near Dusadhi
rbagh pakri 33 100 125 625
Kanka 90 RMS Colony, Harijan Toli, Road
rbagh No-14, Ashok Nagar (Chamar Toli) 32 50 20 100
Kanka 91 Kumharar, Nayatola, Jaki ul haq
rbagh Colony (PRDA) 55 20 111 555
Kanka 92
rbagh Kumbhrar park-Harijan toli 55 15 80 400
Kanka 93
rbagh Jaipur Dhanki 55 35 25 125
Kanka 94
rbagh Kumharar Dabar 55 70 25 125
Kanka 95 Harijan Toli infront of Shivam
rbagh Petrol Pump 55 80 30 150
Kanka 96
rbagh Kumhrar, Nayatola 55 40 20 100
Kanka 97
rbagh Munna chak (Chamar Toli) 44 150 22 110
Kanka 98
rbagh Navaratanpur Village 31 100 25 125
Kanka 99
rbagh Jawahar colony 31 25 25 125

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No of
Circle S. War approx. yrs HHs Populatio
Slum Name
Name No d No of existence (approx n (approx)
)
Kanka 100 Kankarbagh Shivajipark (both side
rbagh of the tempo stand) 34 10 100 500
Kanka 101 Azad Nagar Near Budhanagar,
rbagh Road no-1 (Chamartoli) 31 25 20 100
Kanka 102
rbagh Khashmahal, Postal Park Road no-3 31 125 25 125
Kanka 103
rbagh Changer Kankarbagh 32 80 22 110
Kanka 104
rbagh Bhupatipur Mathpar (Mushari) 30 80 40 200
Kanka 105
rbagh Siparadih (Harijan Toli) 30 100 250 1250
Kanka 106 karbighaiya, Behind Masjid near
rbagh Pani Taki 29 80 20 100
Kanka 107 East of Ambedkar School, Vijay
rbagh Nagar,Kankarbagh 45 65 22 110
Kanka 108 Hanuman Nagar ganganagar Kali
rbagh Mandir-Ramjanki path, North side 45 150 100 500
Total 16277 81450
Source: SPUR Data

Figure 3-9:Location of Slum Pockets

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Table 3.23: Other Poverty pocket (Slum)

S. No. Ward No. Name of the slum (poverty pocket)
1 Ward 53 Khara Kuan, Jagua toil
2 Ward 57 Meena Bazar Kurapar
3 ward 57 Dadermandi Naya Tola Nim ki Bhatti
4 Ward 59 Diwan muhallh Sismahal
5 Ward 56 Paijwa bari pahari (MusharToli)
6 Ward 29 Karbighya Near Patna Junction
7 Ward 34 Juggi Jhopri Lohia Nagar

3.4.5.2 Infrastructure Facilities at Household Level

In slum areas mentioned above the condition of basic infrastructure facilities and services is very
poor. There are provisions of hand pumps and people collect drinking water. The details of
infrastructure facilities these slums is described in subsequent paragraphs.
Water Supply
In general piped water supply is not available in these slums. Piped water supply to door step is not
available to all households. However, a common water post (tap) and community hand pumps exist,
where from these people take water.
Drainage
There is severe problem of drainage in the city in general. There is no drainage facility existing,
except for small drains in few places.
Sewerage
There is no sewerage system existing in the city in general. There are very few houses where some
latrine facility is available at the household level. Consultation with urban poor‟s in city reveal that
most of the people living in slums or poor colonies defecate in open.
Solid Waste Collection
The PMC in general does not practice garbage collection at the household level. The residents of these
areas throw the garbage at the identified points along the road.
Electricity and Street Light
Most of the houses have illegal electricity connections. There is no street light facility provided in
slums or poor colonies.
Roads
At many places there is no approach road. Where there are roads, they are very narrow and un- paved.

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3.4.5.3 Ability to Pay

Although it is generally accepted phenomena that slum dwellers and unauthorized colonies cannot
afford to pay for infrastructure costs and facilities, but the quality of living among few of them proves
it negative. However, during site visit and primary discussions with poor people some of them
expressed their willingness to pay for the services while others said it is beyond their affordability.
3.4.6 Social Security Schemes
The government of India has initiated several programs to improve the livelihood of the urban poor
and thereby impact poverty. The list of various schemes is given below:
Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Basic Services for Urban Poor
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP).
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS),
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Detail of the abovementioned schemes is given in Annexure 3.1
3.4.6.1 Issues
The issues related to urban poor‟s in PMC are as follows:
These colonies lack basic infrastructure facilities.
Few households have constructed toilets; however, open defecation is common as these colonies
lack presence of public toilets.
Garbage disposal is another major issue for the urban poor, as the current mechanisms are not
adequate.
Community infrastructure is not sufficient.
In addition to basic services, the other major issues pertain to lack of adequate health
infrastructure, limited knowledge regarding government schemes, and inadequate social security
safety nets.
Dilapidated houses, lack of open spaces and poor urban environment.

3.5 ENVIRONMENT
The section below presents a brief caricature of the study area‟s environment and heritage, their
spatial scope and related key issues.

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The city's environment can essentially be seen in terms of two components of urban management- the
environment per se or the
habitat, and services
management. The former
pertains to the natural features
and resources including: the
elements of air and noise,
water (water bodies-river,
lakes, drains and ponds and
ground water) and land with
reference to open spaces, green
areas and other surface and
sub-surface conditions. The
latter is related to the built
environment and includes the
environmental infrastructure,
i.e. the water supply, sewerage,
solid waste disposal, and the
transportation network. Figure 3-10: Geological Map of Bihar
As per the consultant‟s observation, the city is at the transition stage between Polis and Metropolis
stage as per the Lewis Mumford‟s classification of stages of urbanization. Polis is a stage prior to
Metropolis when administrative wards are formed and some features of urban infrastructure comes up
and environmental status is at the initial stage of degradation. In the transition stage environment
already starts degrading which is the case with Patna town at present. Still there are Wards which
preserve rural character partly these kinds of wards are termed as slum ward since they are within the
Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) boundary.
3.5.1 Geology
The State of Bihar exhibits diverse geological formations ranging in age from Archean to Holocene
(Figure 3-10). Nearly two third of Bihar, including Patna district is under Indo-gangetic plains which
is covered by thick alluvium comprising quaternary unconsolidated sediments. The alluvium can be
subdivided into older and newer alluvium consisting of polycyclic sequence of sand, silt and clay with
“kankar” nodules in the former and sand, silt and clay in the latter and present day flood deposit.

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3.5.2 Water Quality

Thick pile of unconsolidated sediments laid down by the Ganga River underlies the project area.
Fairly thick and regionally extensive confined / un-confined aquifers down to depth 300 m as well as
moderately thick but discontinuous confined and unconfined aquifers are present in region. The
thickness of sediment increases from south to north. These unconsolidated sediments are made up of
alternations of sand, clay and kanker. The depth to water level in this region varies from 20 to 35 m
below ground level.
3.5.3 Vegetation
The land in the district is too fertile to be left for wild growth. The district is devoid of any forest
wealth of consequence. The alluvial contents of land yields rice, sugarcane and other food grains. The
area under cultivation is studded with mango orchids and bamboo clumps. In the fields adjoining the
Ganges, weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra and date
palm and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry shrub jungles are sometimes seen in the
villages away from the rivers. Trees commonly seen are bel, siris, jackfruits and red cotton.
Forest Cover
Only 6.9% of the Bihar‟s territory has forest cover and Patna has a negligible forest cover. The city
has good potential for green areas to be developed. Tree cover within the city is moderate however it
is needed to be planted along the river, roads and railway lines. The species generally found here are
mahogany, Eucalyptus, Safed, Jamun, Arjun. The forest cover map of undivided Bihar (Bihar and
Jharkhand) has been given as Figure 3-12.
3.5.4 Natural Hazard
Earthquake: Patna lies in zone IV of the earthquake zones, which is a high-risk zone. Therefore the
development controls in the area requires earthquake resistant buildings.

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Figure 3-12: Forest Cover

Flood: Patna also falls in the risk zone for floods. During the monsoons the spillover from River
Ganga tends to flood Patna and cause spread of disease (Figure 3-11). Therefore there is need to
channelise the river and to devise and implement a proper disaster mitigation plan. Apart from being
flood prone, Patna is also at risk due to cyclones as it lies in the wind high damage risk zone.

Figure 3-11: Flood Affected Areas of Bihar

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3.5.5 Issues
Natural Hazards: since Patna is at high risk of earthquakes, flood and cyclones a comprehensive
and integrated disaster mitigation plan needs to be formulated.
Indiscriminate disposal of waste by the residents. The spacing between the dustbins are more than
1.5km leading to litter of waste on the local and cluster level streets. Absence of Modern Waste
Collection Technique and instruments.
The encroachments; solid waste dumping and silt deposition cover the drainage channel and RCC
drains in Central Zone. This lead to water logging in the central and eastern zone area.
Presently the slum pockets are in poor habitable conditions and integrated development is
required for all the physical infrastructure including water supply, drainage, sewerage, SWM and
housing.

3.6 HERITAGE AND TOURISM

3.6.1 Heritage and Conservation
Patna has an abundance of heritage sites scattered over and around the city. Currently the
archaeological sites, remains or buildings of 100 years of age or above are protected by the ASI and
the State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. INTACH has also developed an exhaustive list of
sites, remains, ruins, monuments, and buildings of archaeological, historical, architectural, cultural
and ecological significance. This list is with the State Government for processing.
In the year 1961, the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums was constituted on the
recommendation of the Government of India. In the year 1987, however, the Directorate of
Archaeology was separated from that of Museums. The two separate Directorates were formed in
order to pursue more skilled and professional operations. The Directorate of Archaeology has the onus
of discovering, preserving and developing the antiquarian remains, including monuments and
potential sites of regional importance. Moreover, it conducts excavations of the important sites.
Through exploration, it also identifies the potential archaeological remains. It, moreover, takes up the
publication works on the related subjects.
The Directorate has protected as many as 28 archaeological sites in Bihar out of which 6 are in Patna.
All these are protected under the provisions of the Bihar Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Site
Remains and Art Treasure Act 1976. Over a dozen of archaeological sites have been excavated by the
Directorate, of which Balirajgarh, Kataragarh (early historic cities), Chirand and Taradih (Neolithic
sites) and Apasadh (a later Gupta temple complex) have revealed significant relics.
As per the survey conducted by INTACH, a list of 185 heritage entries in Patna Urban Agglomeration
Area alone has been provided. This list comprises of 45 Mosques, 48 Temples, 4 Idgahs, 3 Churches,

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1 Gurdwara, 44 tombs, 5 Educational Buildings, and 35 Civic Buildings. The database of these sites
has been developed by INTACH, however due to shortage of funds the data processing and mapping
of these sites has not been done. This would enable the identification of heritage precincts apart from
individual building and sites. The gurdwara is significant as it is constructed at Guru Govind Singhs
Birth Place and from the point of view of tourism it is an important bench mark of Patna.
3.6.1.1 Major Archaeological Sites in Patna as identified by the Directorate of Archaeology:
The sites identified by the various institutions have been listed below. An integrated conservation
strategy for these sites along with the urban renewal of the core city area is required for sustainable
planning of the Patna Municipal Corporation Area.
Agam Kuan, Patna
Durakhi Devi Temple, Patna
Choti Patandevi, Patna
Begu Hajjam's Mosque, Patna
Kamaldah Jain Temple, Patna
Photo: Gol Ghar
Golghar, Patna
3.6.1.2 List of ASI Protected Sites
The list of ASI protected sites includes:
Kumhrar Site
Buland Bagh
Chooti Pahari ka Tilla
Cluster of Five Mounts
Cluster of Five Statues Photo: Martyr's Memorial

Remains of Wooden Wall of Mauryan Era

Juma Masjid of Mir Ashraf
Ancient Pond – Agam Kuan
The location of the heritage sites within Patna shows that there is a concentration of heritage areas
within the core city area. However a detailed survey of all the heritage sites should be carried out and
such precinct areas should be identified throughout the city. Development Controls for these precinct
areas are to be formulated and these sites may be developed into places of tourist interest.
3.6.1.3 The Core City Area and Kankarbagh Residential Area
Both the inner city lying in the east and the Kankarbagh Residential area of Patna stands out as an
area with the following: overcrowding, decaying building stock, mixed uses, small scale incompatible
manufacture, run-down walk-ups, pavement/ door-step dwellers, unorganized street vending,
unusable/ overworked service networks, heterogeneous traffic, lack of idle parking spaces,

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incongruous city level uses, etc. Side by side it has heritage buildings and sites and historic footprints
of various eras, underutilized plots, established cultural centers and social infrastructure. It often
needs some orderliness or even organized chaos for phased correctives, proper solid waste
management, water, ground, air and noise pollution control, hoarding and street furniture control.
Easing out of incompatible inner city uses to the periphery is a central ingredient of the vision plan.
3.6.2 Tourism
3.6.2.1 Tourist Locations within Patna
Pataliputra has been among the world's oldest capital cities with an unbroken history of many
centuries as imperial metropolis. The history and heritage of modern day Patna thus goes back well
over two millennia. Like Delhi, Patna too had been the regal seat of governance for successive
kingdoms since ancient times. And to this day, it is the
capital city of the state. As each ruler ascended in power and
established dynastic glory, he gave his capital a new name.
Thus, the ancient Kusumpura metamorphosed through
Pushpapura, Pataliputra, Azeemabad and now into Patna, a
continuous history ranging from 6th century BC to present
Photo: Ganga River
times - a record claimed by few cities in the world. It was
Ajatshatru the Magadha king who first built a small fort in Pataligram on the bank of the Ganga in 6th
century BC, which later blossomed into the ancient glory still to be seen in the neighboring
archaeological sites at Kumrahar. Bhiknapahari, Agamkuan, Bulandi Bagh and Kankar Bagh.
Pataliputra dominated the political fortunes of the whole of north India between 6th century BC and
5th century AD, a fact established by archaeological excavations. After a temporary eclipse, in 16th
century, Sher Shah Suri returned the city to its former glory and established the present Patna. After
the decline of the Mughals, the British too found Patna a convenient regional capital and built a
modern extension to this ancient city and called it Bankipore. It was in Gandhi Maidan in this area,
that Mahatma Gandhi held his prayer meetings.
Golghar
Ganga River
Martyr's Memorial
Har Mandir Takht
Patna Museum
Pathar ki Masjid
Sher Shah Suri Masjid
Photo: Patna Museum
Khuda Baksh Oriental Library

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Jalan Museum
Sadaqat Ashram
Agam Kuan
Gandhi Setu
Padri Ki Haveli
Mahavir Mandir
Photo: Gandhi Maidan
Patan Devi
Biological Park
Kumhrar:
Gandhi Maidan
3.6.2.2 Tourism Circuits
Patna presently falls within the following types of religious tourism circuits which attract both
national and international tourists:
1. Buddhist Circuit
From the point of entry into India at one of the four metros, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, or Mumbai it is
best for the visitor to travel to either Patna in Bihar or Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, before proceeding to
the 4 sacred Buddhist sites.
They are both well connected by air and rail to all the metros and make ideal gateways for visiting the
sacred sites. Patna and Varanasi, the ancient Indian towns of Pataliputra and Kashi were also thriving
townships during the Buddha's lifetime.
The Buddhist circuit covers the national level as well as at the international level tourists.
There are also interstate tourist sites which include the following locations:
Bodhgaya
Rajgir
Nalanda
Patna
Vaishali
2. Tirtrhankar Circuit
This circuit has a combination of Buddhist and Jain religious places including:
Vaishali
Patna
Rajgir
Pawapuri

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Deoghar (Baidyanath Dham

Parasnath
3. Nirvana Circuit
Rajgir
Bodhgaya
Kushinagar
Muzaffarpur
Vaishali
Patna
Nalanda
Also there is Buddhist Heritage Tour which includes the following:
Delhi, Sarawasti, Lumbini, Kushinagar, Patna, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Delhi
3.6.3 Issues
There is a need for consolidation of the heritage and tourism sites in Patna Urban Agglomeration
area.
The Archaeology preservation laws have to be dovetailed into the conservation instruments and
which incorporate preservation. Conservation enables adaptive re-use and encompass sites and
buildings upto the present times.
A concentration of listed sites or buildings leads to a heritage precinct or area. A heritage
conservation ward plan would be ideal in such a situation. Even important single monuments
could lead to such a heritage conservation ward plan. Even otherwise, individual buildings, sites
or ecological areas can be listed legally for conservation prescriptions.
Surrounding infrastructure (roads, drainage etc.) of the tourist attraction sites have not been
maintained properly and need upgradation; No planned leisure activities
There is very little tourism and heritage awareness in Patna. This aspect has also to be
strengthened.

3.7 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

3.7.1 Introduction
Local Economic Development (LED) aims to focus on increased private sector investments by
transforming ULBs into economic hubs. The intervention shall identify and leverage existing
competencies of urban centres for inclusive economic growth based on an urban economic vision. The
urban economic vision is proposed as a strategic guide for sustainable local economic development
strategies. The approach is based on inclusive programming to enable growth in both formal and

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informal sector business enterprises. It is planned to work with stakeholders in Government and civil
society to develop relevant policies and guidelines to realize the economic vision. The program
proposes to identify investment and human resource development potentials through Entrepreneur
Development Centers and pro-poor business linkage initiatives to encourage local business
communities and entrepreneurs to invest in project city.
Local Economic Development (LED) offers local government, the private sector, the not-for-profit
sectors and the local community the opportunity to work together to improve the local economy. It
aims to enhance competitiveness and thus encourage sustainable growth that is inclusive.
3.7.2 Asset Management Plan
The term “asset management” is used to describe the process by which Nagar Nigam manages
physical assets to meet current and future levels of service. All municipalities irrespective of size or
location need to ensure that the sustainable management of assets is a responsibility at all levels
within municipality. Assets play a variety of roles in terms of the generation of income by activity.
Land size, particularly irrigated land, is important for on-farm categories as well as self-employment
and remittances.
Currently PMC does not have any Asset Management Plan. Listing of asset has not been done at the
municipal level. The exact figure of land availability/land bank is not available with PMC. As
mentioned in the TOR, the asset management plan has to be prepared for current asset and future
assets. The current asset management plan has been given only for the municipal assets and for future
asset, it has been prepared for all proposed asset.
3.7.2.1 Asset Management Plan for Proposed Asset under CDP
The Asset Management Plan is a corporate planning document designed to provide high level
direction to the City‟s asset management activities. The asset management plan will be done for all
proposed assets (Infrastructure Assets- Roads, Drainage, Water Supply System, Sewerage System,
WTP, STP, Buildings, Parks etc.; Maintenance Assets- Equipments, Machines etc.; and land) under
CDP. A list of all created asset will be prepared by the PMC with ownership of agencies. The list will
provide details of each asset with full measurement and with owning agencies. The AMP will suggest
the monitoring arrangement with regular inspection. At every inspection AMP will examine the
current status and will inform the concerned agency to do the needful. It will also assess the criticality
of the assets along with a life cycle cost. Then it will suggest the funding requirement for the asset
under consideration. It is suggested that the AMP will be done by a task force constituted under the
PMC, with Mayor PMC as its chairman and EO as member secretary and all heads of line agencies
will be its member.

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The task force will review periodically all assets created under CDP. This process will identify
improvement opportunities and assist in developing projects to support PMC‟s efforts to establish best
appropriate practices. The improvement projects include the development of the asset register, which
will inform defect management and work management systems currently being implemented.
Processes and practices will be developed to meet the full requirements of an asset management
system. The Task Force will also undertake a program of awareness training to communicate the
benefits of asset management and support the delivery of the improvement program throughout the
organisation. With the implementation of AMP, the task force will be able to:
Develop an asset hierarchy
Establish maintenance managed items
Standardize asset classes
Enhance asset naming and numbering convention
Understand the data framework and data gaps
3.7.3 Building Approval Systems
In city the sale of land by individuals has created a chaotic urban pattern because whole development
is being done without any planned approach. Although after 74th constitutional amendment to the
Indian Constitution, functions of urban planning and regulation of landuse and provision of
infrastructure is to be handled by urban local body.
The Process
The building plan approval process relates to the issue of permission for the construction of buildings
based on specific set of rules and regulations. As per the relevant provisions of the State Municipality
Acts, any person desirous of undertaking a construction activity (fresh construction as well as
modifications to existing structures), is required to obtain prior sanction from the relevant local body
before embarking on the same. The building plan approval is envisaged to facilitate quick processing
and disposal of building plan permissions, standardization of building fee & other charges, automation
of the technical scrutiny, effective monitoring of file processing.
The Building Plan approval process can be divided into following sub-processes:
Approval of building proposals of various types and nature of buildings
Approval of layout proposals
Processing and disposal of plans
Calculation and collection of fees
Time taken for permit approval is based on the different line departments like permanent water and
sewer connection; it takes around 45 days, for electricity connection it is around one month, for
telephone connection is around 20-25 days. Before undertaking any development, planning

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permission must be obtained from the PMC. The permission will be valid for 3 years from the date of
issue. The new streamlined procedure of the Nagar Nigam will ensures that the beneficiary gets the
permission early. Any development without proper permission will be an unauthorized
development. Construction made without permission can be demolished or kept under lock and seal
under the Act.
As told by municipal officials, the building approval system is being followed as per the guideline
given in Bihar Municipal Bill, 2007. The relevant sections of Bihar Municipal Bill, 2007 have been
reproduced below:
Chapter XXXVI Buildings A. Procedure, Bihar Municipal Bill, 2007
314-Sanction of building plan: - No persons shall construct or commence to construct, any building or
structure of permanent nature or execute any work relating to construction of building undertake or
any alteration, addition or modification of an existing building unless, the building plan is approved
by a certified Architect registered under Architects Act, 1972. Provided that no Architect shall
sanction any building plan unless it is inconformity with building bye-law framed by the State
Government/Municipality.
Provided further that any Architect, who is found to have approved a building plan in contravention or
in deviation of building bye-law, he shall be liable to be prosecuted and shall be liable to pay fine of
Rupees fifty thousand or sentence to imprisonment for a period which may extend to one year or both.
315 Construction of building in contravention of building bye-law: - Any building or structure of
permanent nature which has been constructed or construction has commenced in contravention or
breach or deviation of building bye-law shall be liable to be demolished, notwithstanding that it may
have been approved by a registered Architect. Provided further that the owner or occupier or any
person responsible for construction of a building or structure of permanent nature or commencement
of construction in contravention, breach, or deviation of building bye-law shall further be liable to pay
a penalty of minimum of Rupees one lac, which may extend up to Rupees 10 lacs depending upon
size of the building or structure and extent of deviation. Provided further that the penalty under this
Section shall be in addition to any other fine provided under this Act including fine for compounding
as may be provided under building bye-law.
316 Building plan approved by registered Architect to be submitted to Chief Municipal Officer:
(1) Every registered Architect, who approves a building construction plan shall within seven days
from approving the plan submit detail of construction plan alongwith approval granted by him to the
Chief Municipal Officer of the municipality.

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(2) On receipt of approved building plan by registered Architect, the Chief Municipal Officer may
inquire and verify and satisfy himself that the building construction plan confirms to building bye-law
and other parameters required under this Act.
(3) If Chief Municipal Officer (Municipal Commissioner), on such inquiry or verification finds that
the building or structure of permanent nature construction plan has been approved by the registered
Architect in contravention, breach or deviation of building bye-law or other parameters under this
Act, he shall immediately stop construction work and proceed to take action against owner, occupier
or any person responsible for construction of such building in contravention, breach or deviation of
building bye-law and other parameter and shall also proceed to take action against registered
Architect, who approved such building construction plan.
Prior to the implementation of BMA 2007, in most of the urban local bodies, town planning section
was responsible for issuing the permissions for building plan approval. The building plan approval is
envisaged to facilitate quick processing and disposal of building plan permissions, standardization of
building fee & other charges, automation of the technical scrutiny, effective monitoring of file
processing. But in the post BMA, 2007, implementation scenario these functions are transferred to
ULBs as mentioned in the above process of Bihar Municipal Rules, 2007.
In practice, the municipality gets a list of approved building plan from the certified architects and
based on the approval of architect, the municipality approves the building plan and permission is
granted for building construction; and in the process municipality does not verify or check procedure.
Although it is mentioned in the BMR 2007 that the Municipal Commissioner may verify at any stage
of building plan preparation and implementation but it is not mandatory condition under the act, . It
was observed during the discussion that no government agency verify the whole building construction
process in wholesome.
3.7.4 Business Approval System
This city business planning process entail a detailed assessment of the business set up approval
systems followed by district and municipal level organizations. The business approval auditing may
be done for improving the land registration and building construction approval procedures and to
ensure speedy approval of utilities and services required for constructing industry sheds, warehouses,
shopping centers, and rehabilitation and redevelopment of running business enterprises.
For establishing industries in the city the registration and authorization process depends on the type of
industries. If the industry is heavy and polluting industry then following steps has to be taken:
a) Under the factory registration act the applicant has to do factory registration in regional office
of Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA). After registration, BIADA will
give land on lease to the industrialist for industrial development.

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b) After the factory registration with BIADA, in the next stage registration has to be done with
the Industry Department (Udyog Vibhag).
c) After that license from pollution department is taken.
d) After that labour license is to be taken from labour department.
e) Then finally trade license is to be taken from Nagar Nigam.
After taking all above formalities industrialist can establish industry. If anybody wants to establish
heavy industry but non-polluting and do not want BIADA land then there is no necessity of register
with BIADA and certificate from Pollution department but rest other steps will be same as mentioned
above. In the case of smaller or house hold industries, the applicant has to take only trading license
from Nagar Nigam and register with labour department.
Under ideal condition the whole process may be over within two month time but practically it takes
many months as there is no upper time limit for any department to clear the file. It may be noted here
that if the process of business approval system is made transparent and quick, then there are lot of
local entrepreneurs who want to start business even without the help of government. It is
recommended that to streamline the process for business approvals, there is an urgent need for single
window approval systems at municipal levels for reducing the transaction costs entailed in obtaining
business approvals from various state and local departments.

3.8 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

3.8.1 Introduction
The organization of ULBs includes Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Municipal
Panchyats and its functioning is largely guided by Bihar Municipal Act, 2007. This govt. body is also
responsible for collection of numerous kinds of taxes from the families towards services rendered.
Thus this organization is also a revenue earner for the government.
Each town/city of Bihar has one municipal corporation or municipality burdened with responsibility
of catering to the daily needs of hundreds of thousands of families like – good sanitation, sewage
systems, clean drinking water, etc.
Municipalities: The municipalities for the purposes of giving effect to the provisions of this Act shall
be,
(a) in the case of a larger urban area, -
(i) the Municipal Corporation,
(ii) the Empowered Standing Committee,
(iii) the Mayor, and
(iv) the Municipal Commissioner;

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(b) in the case of a Class' A' or Class 'B' or Class 'C' medium urban area, -
(i) the Municipal Council,
(ii) the Empowered Standing Committee,
(iii) the Municipal Chairperson, and
(iv) the Municipal Executive Officer;
(c) (c) in the case of a transitional or smaller urban area, -
(i) the Nagar Panchayat,
(ii) the Empowered Standing Committee,
(iii) the Municipal President, and
(iv) the Municipal Executive Officer.
The presiding officer of the Municipality shall be, in the case of-
(a) the Municipal Corporation, the Mayor,
(b) the Municipal Council, the Municipal Chairperson, and
(c) the Nagar Panchayat, the Municipal President.
3.8.2 Institutional Responsibility
The ULB has been empowered by the provision of state urban local bodies act to perform certain
obligatory and discretionary functions. The following table presents the obligatory and discretionary
functions of the Municipal Corporation.
As per the provisions of 74th CAA, the State of Bihar has constituted District Planning Committees,
Metropolitan Planning Committees and State Finance Commission for smooth functioning of urban
local bodies.

Table 3.24: Function of Municipal Corporation

S. No. Functions Municipal Council
1 Provision of Water Supply Obligatory
2 Provision of Drainage and Sewerage Obligatory
3 Solid Waste Management Obligatory
4 Provision of Hospitals and Dispensaries Obligatory
5 Construction and Maintenance of Roads Obligatory
6 Street Light Obligatory
7 Establishing Municipal Market Obligatory
8 Provision of Fire Services Discretionary
9 Public Vaccination Obligatory
10 Payment for Anti-Malarial and other projects of social services Discretionary
for improvement of Public Health

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S. No. Functions Municipal Council

11 Provision of Schools and hostels Obligatory
12 Establishment of Technical Training Center Discretionary
13 Establishment of Technical Training Center Obligatory
14 Planning Social and Economic Development Obligatory
15 Slum Improvement and Up gradation Obligatory
16 Urban Poverty Alleviation Obligatory
17 Urban Forestry, Protection of the Environment, and Promotion Discretionary
of Ecological Aspects
18 Promotion of Cultural, Educational and Aesthetic Aspects Discretionary
19 Burials and Burial Grounds, Cremation Ground and Electric Discretionary
Crematoria
20 Regulation of Slaughterhouses Discretionary
21 Construction, Maintaining and Aiding Libraries Discretionary
Source: Bihar Municipal Act
The sources of municipal revenue have been listed below. In most cases taxes are Mandatory in
nature.

Table 3.25: Discretionary and Mandatory Taxes

S. No. Taxes Municipal Council
1 Taxes on Lands and Building-Property Tax Mandatory
2 Taxes of Professionals Mandatory
3 Stamp Duty Mandatory
4 Tax on vehicle Mandatory
5 Tax on Animals Discretionary
6 Tax on Dogs Discretionary
7 Show Tax Mandatory
8 Toll Tax Discretionary
9 Pilgrimage Fees Discretionary
10 Lighting Fees Discretionary
11 Scavenging Fees Discretionary
12 Latrine Fee Discretionary
13 Tax on Advertisement Mandatory
14 Fee on License Discretionary

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S. No. Taxes Municipal Council

15 Parking Fee Discretionary
16 Tax on Private Market Discretionary
17 Water Tax Mandatory
18 Fee on health Services Discretionary
19 Betterment Tax Discretionary
Source: Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
3.8.3 Key Departments
The state level departments are (i) Public Works Department (Road Construction Department and
Building Department), Public Health Engineering Department, Bihar State Transport Corporation,
Bihar Housing Board, District Urban Development Authority, and Urban Development Department.
The department and authorities responsible for city level functions are Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad
(BRJP), Patna Regional Development Authority (PRDA) and Patna Municipal Corporation
Below table lists the departments responsible for providing various urban services. The major
functions of city infrastructure management are delegated to Municipal Corporation.

Table 3.26: Service Delivery Management

Department
S. No. Services/Functions
Delegated to Managed by
Water Supply-Bulk and
1 PMC, PHED, BRJP, PWB PMC, PHED, BRJP, PWB
Distribution
BRJB, PHED, BRJB, PHED, DUDA,UDD,
2 Sewerage and Sanitation
DUDA,UDD, PMC PMC
3 Storm Water Drainage PMC/PWD/BRJP PMC/PWD/BRJP
4 Solid Waste Management PMC PMC
NHAI/PWD/PMC, RTO,
5 Roads NHAI/PWD/PMC, RTO, DTO
DTO
6 Street Lighting BSEB/PMC BSEB/PMC
7 Building Plan Approval PRDA PRDA
Source: CDP Patna, 2006
Municipality provides on its own or arranges to provide through any agency the following core
municipal services:
i. water-supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,
ii. drainage and sewerage,
iii. solid waste management,

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iv. preparation of plans for development and social justice,

v. communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads, footpaths, pedestrian pathways,
transportation terminals, both for passengers and goods, bridges, over-bridges, subways, ferries,
and inland water transport system,
vi. transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes, street furniture, street lighting,
parking areas, and bus stops,
vii. community health and protection of environment including planting and caring of trees on road
sides and elsewhere,
viii. markets and slaughterhouses,
ix. promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities,
x. aesthetic environment
Identified Improvement Areas
The institutional strengthening and reform of Municipal Corporation including strengthening of
various departments and capacity building is one of the major areas of intervention for ensuring
comprehensive development of the city.
Streamlining of institutional responsibilities to avoid multiple agencies with overlapping
responsibilities and jurisdiction involved in the execution and operation and maintenance of
assets.
3.8.4 Present Administrative Set up
There are 72 wards in PMC and Ward Councilors have been elected for each ward. According to the
provisions of the Bihar Municipal Act 2007, there are following Municipal authorities:
(a) The Corporation
(b) The Empowered Standing Committee
(c) The Municipal Commissioner
The PMC consists of a Hon‟ble Mayor, a Hon‟ble Deputy Mayor and 70 other Hon‟ble Ward
Councilors. The PMC functions through an Empowered Standing Committee which consists of 9
Hon‟ble Ward Councilors including Hon‟ble Mayor and Dy. Mayor. The members of the House of
People and The State Legislative Assembly representing constituencies which fall wholly or partially
under the Corporation area and the members of the Council of the State and the members of the State
Legislative Council registered as electors within the Municipal Corporation area are also members of
this Corporation. All the 72 wards of the Patna Municipal Corporation are under the executive control
of 4 Circles. Each Circle is administered by an Executive Officer who is deputed by the State
Government. Each Circle also has an Asst. Health Officer to supervise sanitation works. Each ward
has a Sanitary Inspector. The administration of the Corporation is under the direct control of the

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Municipal Commissioner. To control, monitor and perform the functions of the Corporation, 3
Additional Municipal Commissioners, Executive Officers, Health Officers, Asst. Health Officers,
Revenue Officers, Chief Engineers, Chief Accounts Officer, Vigilance Officer, Secretary, Asst.
Engineers etc. are also working. The present requirement is creation of more Administrative Circles
and further decentralization of power and work to increase efficiency and also to take civic amenities
being provided by the PMC to the door step of tax payers. Situation is expected to improve with the
imminent computerization in the Head Quarter and all the Circle Offices.
Below table shows details of elected representatives of PMC.

Table 3.27: Elected Representatives

No. of Elected Representatives
S. No. Name of ULB
Total Male Female
1 Patna Municipal Corporation 72 36 36
Source: PMC
3.8.5 Organization Structure
The governance structure of PMC is divided into two wings viz., elected wing and administrative
wing.

Figure 3-13: Organogram of PMC

3.8.6 Reforms Undertaken By ULB

As per the guidelines of JNNURM, the ULB has to implement the following reforms.
3.8.6.1 Mandatory Reforms
Full Migration to double entry accounting system

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E-Governance (defining monitorable time table for implementation of each e-governance

initiative)
Full recovery of O&M cost from user charges
Internal earmarking for basic services to poor
Property tax
3.8.6.2 Optional Reforms
Introduction of property title certification system
Administrative reforms
Structural reforms
Encouraging public private partnership
Revision of by-laws for streamlining building approval process (state level)
Simplification of legal procedural framework for conversion of agricultural land for non-
agricultural purpose (state level)
Provision of rain water harvesting in all buildings (state level)
Earmarking of 20-25% of developed land for EWS and LIG category
Introduction of computerized process of registration of land and property
Byelaws on reuse of reclaimed water
In Patna no reform has been implemented so far
3.8.7 Issues
There is often duplicity of functions and grey areas such as maintenance of roads etc. where
functional distribution is not clear.
The 74th amendment has not been implemented in its spirit.
There is utter confusion between various departments functioning in the city. A single agency will
be required for coordination purposes for all developmental projects.

3.9 MUNICIPAL FINANCE

The financial aspects of the city development plan (CDP) are anchored onto the primary goal of the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), namely creating financially viable,
productive, sustainable and responsive cities. Although the CDP of PMC is not a part of JNNRUM
but it is being prepared on line of JNNRUM.
The chapter details the municipal finances of the municipal council and outlines the receipts and
expenditures over the last five years. This would form the base for the preparation of Financial and
Operating Plan (FOP) at later stage of CDP.

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3.9.1 Bihar Municipal Act, 2007- An Overview

Municipal Finance – Bihar
As described in Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 ULBs are required to perform a vast array of functions
(obligatory and discretionary) for which adequate financial resources are needed. Municipal revenues
are basically of the following types:
1) Tax Revenue–income through imposition and collection of taxes on items as under the provisions
of the Acts in force. All collections such as tax on holding, water tax, latrine tax, tax on the
vehicles, tax on the trades, professions, calling and employments, fee on the registration of
vehicles kept or used or plying for hire, etc. are sources of tax revenue. Usually property tax is the
largest single source of revenue for ULBs.
2) Non-Tax Revenue –income through imposition and collection of fees for regulatory purpose and
for provision of service. Building plan sanction fees, mutation of property fees, rent on shops and
buildings, tolls and other fees and charges etc. constitute the main source of non-tax revenue
receipts.
The difference between tax and non-tax revenue is that tax is a compulsory levy, while fee (non-tax
revenue) is a charge made in return for a benefit allowed or conferred.
3) Grants-in-Aid – A significant element of municipal finance is grants-in-aid. There are two types
of grants.
i) General Purpose Grant, which is intended to augment the revenue of ULBs for discharging
their normal functions.
ii) Special Purpose Grant, which is used for specific requirement, such as, education grants,
public health, road maintenance, and to meet any unforeseen circumstances etc.
Grants are generally ad-hoc and discretionary in nature.
4) Borrowings and Loans – ULBs can borrow funds in accordance with the provisions of the
governing legislations when they cannot afford to meet their expenditure with their existing
revenues, including grants received.
Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 provides power to levy taxes of obligatory and other taxes by the Urban
Local Bodies (ULBs). Subject to the provisions of section 10 of the Act, the Municipality shall have,
the power to levy the following taxes:-
a. Property tax on lands and buildings.
b. Surcharge on transfer of lands and buildings,
c. Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any non-residential building,
d. Water tax,
e. Fire tax,

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f. Tax on advertisements, other than advertisements published in newspapers,

g. Surcharge on entertainment tax
h. Surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area,
i. Tax on congregations,
j. Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and
k. Toll –
i. on roads, bridges, ferries and navigable channel and
ii. on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods vehicles, and buses, which shall be heavy
passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying on a
public street.
l. Tax on profession
3.9.2 Overview of Municipal Finance
Municipal finance includes income and expenditure of revenue and capital account. The Figure
below shows various heads under income and expenditure of municipal finance of PMC. Table
below summarizes the sources of income and expenditures head wise and provide an overview of
the financial framework currently operational in PMC.
3.9.2.1 Revenue Account
Under this head all the recurring items of income and expenditure are included i.e. income from tax,
non-tax and transfers including grants, establishments (wages and salaries), operations and
maintenance and interest payments etc.
This can be categorized in two major subheads i.e. Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure.

Municipal Finance

Income Expenditure

Income Expenditure
Municipal Taxes (Holding Tax, Water General Administration and Collection
Tax, Health & Education cess etc.) charges
Municipal Assets Public Security
Receipts under special Acts Public Health and Facilities
Income from Other sources other than Public Works
Municipal Property and Taxes Public Education
Grants and Aid Grants and Aids
Miscellaneous miscellaneous
Extraordinary and Debts Extraordinary and Debts

Figure 3-14: An Overview of Municipal Finance

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Revenue Income
The revenue income sources for PMC can be broadly categorized into three different categories i.e.
tax, non-tax and transfers including grants etc. These include income from property tax, education tax,
taxes from shops, public health, revenue earned from making provision for parking, bus stands etc.
during festivals and other events, NOC fees for building permission, births and death certificates,
income from remunerative enterprises, stamp duty and registration fees and grants from central and
state government under various schemes.
In case of PMC the major source of tax revenue is property tax. The PMC also receives revenue
grants and compensation for the purpose of maintenance etc.
Revenue Expenditure
Revenue expenditure broadly consists of expenditure under establishment, salary, wage, travel
allowance, vehicle allowance, medical allowance, maintenance, rent, payment of bills, legal charges
etc.
3.9.2.2 Capital Account
Non-recurring items like income and expenditures in respect of loans, grants and contributions from
state and central governments under various schemes are categorized under this head.
The capital account comprises of two components capital income and capital expenditure.
3.9.2.3 Capital Income
Capital income comprises of loans, grants and own contributions. Own contributions could be in form
of sale of properties and rent of building/shop or land. Loans & grants given by State and Central
Governments under various schemes for development & improvement of state assets such as roads,
drains etc. would be considered as capital income.
3.9.2.4 Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditures are mainly towards development works like development of roads, sanitation
system etc. and towards asset creation. It also involves the amount, which is being spent on slum up
gradation.
The comparative analysis of revenue and capital income, as shown in below table and figure, of PMC
for last five years is as follows
Annual income is mainly dependent upon grants and aids from government which account for
39.02% in 2009-10(refer below table and figure).
Annual income of PMC has been irregular in last 5 years with being exceptionally low in 2006-07
and 2009-10 and it was mainly due to difference in tax revenue and revenue grants.
Though govt. grants and aids have increased from 1220 lakhs in 2006-07 to 3,149 lakhs in 2009-
10 but income from tax revenue has increased very less.

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Figure 3-15: Year-wise income of PMC

Year

Figure 3-16: PMC Revenue from Different sources for year 2009-10

Table 3.28: Comparative Analysis of Revenue Income and Capital Income of

PMC(Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Actual Estimated
S. No. Income 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
1 Total Tax Revenues 2,122.14 1,553.15 1,616.73 1,699.68 2,083.12 2,550.00
Total Non-Tax
2 Revenues 105.07 74.15 107.90 586.29 335.12 879.00
Assigned Revenues
3 (Stamp Duty) 231.46 367.93 2,229.10 916.04 403.31 693.00
Revenue Grants
(Include. Salary and
4 Matching grants) 5,189.25 1,220.64 812.84 5,705.23 3,149.36 4,560.00
5 Other Income 35.41 62.00 61.12 126.53 3.79 68.00
B Total Capital Grants 420.00 3,327.44 3,892.19 6,462.90 2,100.17 4,496.00
A Total Revenue 7,683.33 3,277.87 4,827.70 9,033.78 5,974.70 8,750.00

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Actual Estimated
S. No. Income 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Income ( 1 to 5)
Total Income(A+B) 8,103.33 6,605.30 8,719.89 15,496.68 8,074.87 13,246.00
Source: SPUR, PMC
The comparative analysis of revenue and capital expenditures of PMC for last five years (and
estimated 2010-11) as follows
Since 2005 to 2010 there is very less difference between total income and expenditure of PMC
which indicates the positive sign of development.
The decrease in income from other sources, except grants, shows the continuous decline in the
capability of PMC to collect taxes.
Figure 3-17: Year-wise income and expenditure of PMC

Figure 3-18: PMC Expenditure on different sources for year 2009-10

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Table 3.29: Comparative Analysis of Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure of PMC
Estimate
S. Actual
Expenditure d
No.
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Total Establishment 312,449, 332,073, 380,865, 554,084,8 419,441, 511,100,0
1
Expenditure 730 618 247 88 700 00
33,027,6 5,543,28 6,288,84 15,644,57 61,590,3 40,500,00
2 O & M Expenditure
07 9 1 2 68 0
19,184,2 42,183,0 48,851,3 46,172,76 326,342, 195,600,0
3 Program Expenditure
83 89 53 0 595 00
Administration 2,250,00 3,058,62 3,662,34 2,349,57
4 4,028,583 3,300,000
Expenditure 0 7 8 9
Finance & Interest 1,041,68
5 1,100,000
Expenditure 5
2,193,65 5,400,00 2,848,32
6 Misc Expenditure 974,057 2,877,930 3,000,000
8 0 4
Total Revenue 369,105, 383,832, 445,067, 622,808,7 813,614, 754,600,0
C
Expenditure (1-6) 278 680 789 33 251 00
Total Capital 494,264, 231,334, 287,382, 936,082,1 344,900,0
D 948,000
Expenditure 906 120 204 22 00
Total 863,370, 615,166, 732,449, 1,558,890 814,562, 1,099,500
Expenditure(C+D) 184 800 993 ,855 251 ,000
Source: SPUR, PMC
3.9.3 Key issues
Based on the data analysis of municipal finance and discussions with PMC officials, the following
issues have emerged:
Inadequate base for property tax and low collection
PMC is dependent on Govt. grants for salaries and development work. Its income from sources
other than grants is negligible.
Unskilled municipal staff to handle municipal finance
Lack of training in modern municipal finance, budgeting and double entry accounting system
Lack of municipality‟s own resources

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3.10 MATRIX FOR RATING PATNA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

On the basis of criteria given by SPUR for rating the city on various socio-economic and
infrastructure availability, PMC has been rated and following observation was found which is
indicated in below table. The criteria used to develop the City Matrix Rating have been given in
Annexure 3.2.
Table 3.30: Rating of PMC
# Parameter Indicators Rating
1. Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels
g. Coverage of Water Supply
h. Per Capita Availability of Water
i. Continuity of Water Supply
j. Coverage of Individual Toilets
k. Door to Door Collection of Solid Waste
l. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste
2. Financial Management
c. Operating Ratio -------------
d. Growth in Revenue Income
3. Poverty Level
b. Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)
4. Organization Structure
b. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff,
competency level of existing staff for implementing
proposed projects
5. Leadership
b. Leadership quality, awareness and understanding
regarding urban sector, proactive approach for
implementing reform measures
6. Economic Development Potential
b. Potential for Development, linkages to the state
capital and other cities, status of existing
infrastructure
7. Environment Sustainability
b. Status of Environment, quality of water, air,
8. Participation
b. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen
Forums/Welfare Association in municipal affairs
9. Compliance with Reforms
b. Status of reform implementation and preparedness
for implementation
Source: SPUR
Legend
Alarming
Below Average
Average
Good
*****

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 4 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATION AND
PROCEEDINGS OF 3 RD WORKSHOP

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as
stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.
Stakeholders‟ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which
promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation
during the project preparation stage as an integral part of the social assessment process not only
minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between
the community and the project formulators, which helps in the timely completion of the project and
making the project people-friendly.
The CDP Report has been prepared keeping in mind the ethos of the city. The main purpose of a city
development plan is to build consensus among key stakeholders. The stakeholders were involved
through meetings and interviews to gauge the situation in terms of urban infrastructure, services,
overall management etc. The key stakeholders of the city have been identified as under:
Primary stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected
(positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community,
students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have
traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as squatter and slum
dwellers, and organizations such as trader‟s organizations, hoteliers, transporters and other
associations.
Secondary stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly
affected by it. They include the project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil
society organizations, private sector firms, and other development agencies. Executive Officer,
line departments such as PHED, PWD etc were amongst the stakeholders consulted.\
4.2 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION
The CDP has emerged out of the inputs provided by the stakeholders. All the stakeholders were met
for possible dates and places of meeting and the concept of CDP and purpose of meeting was
indicated to them. On the appointed date and time the Consultants carried out the consultations,
including focus group discussions with shopkeepers, market association members, and other
stakeholders at a number of places. The participants shared their ideas, views to discuss the problems
and to come out with solutions. In most cases the discussions took a form of debate, later exchanged
their views. Consultations with local people were conducted in presence of male and female members

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of different social communities. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been
incorporated in report at appropriate place.
In order to prepare the City Development Plan, stakeholder consultations have been undertaken in the
in the form of Workshops, group discussions and one to one discussion as mentioned in below Table
4.1.
Table 4.1: List of Stakeholders’ Consultations
S. No. Description Dates Remarks
1 1st Workshop : Kickoff Workshop 11th April 2011 Annexure 4.1
2 2nd Workshop on Status Assessment and
Formulation of City vision & Sector Goals
Kankarbagh Circle 22ndJune 2011 Annexure 4.2
Bankipur Circle 23ndJune 2011 Annexure 4.2
NCC Circle 23ndJune 2011 Annexure 4.2
Patna City Circle 24ndJune 2011 Annexure 4.2
3 3rd Workshop on Strategy and Priority Projects 4th August 2011 Annexure 4.3

1st Workshop (Kick-Off) on 11-04-2011

2nd Workshop (Vision) on 22.12.2010

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3rd Workshop (Draft CDP) on 04.08.2011

Other Consultations (During the Project Duration)

4.3 CITY VISION EXERCISE

In Patna, City vision workshop was organized in three consecutive days. It started on 22nd June 2011
and ended on 24th June 2011 under the chairmanship of Mayor PMC along with executive officers of
various circles of PMC, ward counselors, cluster coordinator Patna, other local support teams and
team from ICT Pvt. Ltd. Workshop on 22nd June 2011 was organized for Kankarbagh circle,
followed by Bankipur and NCC circle on 23rd June 2011 and Patna city circle on 24th June 2011.
After the workshop, with the team of selected ward counselors the entire major problem area of PMC
was visited and probable solution was discussed separately. Detailed visioning exercise is given in
Annexure 4.2. Vision statements emerged during the visioning exercise have been combined and a
comprehensive vision statement has been evolved by the Consultants. The consultant also considered
the city vision as per under preparation Master Plan 2021,” Patna shall be a modern, vibrant,
beautiful, efficient urban area, which will be physically socially, economically and environmentally
sustainable, it will act as a catalyst for development of the entire state, especially its immediate
hinterland, it will be a symbol of the heritage of Bihar.”. After detailed consultation and deliberation,
the city vision of PMC has been developed which is given below:

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Patna City Vision 2030,

“Patna to be developed as a vibrant national centre of growth with focus on developing industries,
river front, transportation facilities and heritage & tourism facilities, which provides quality
infrastructure services and facilities, good governance, planned development, clean and green
living environment in a sustainable way for a better present and bright future to its people”.

4.4 PROCEEDING OF THE 3RD WORKSHOP

As per the ToR, 3rd workshop was organized on 04.08. 2011. This workshop was chaired by the
honorable Mayor of PMC and members of standing committee and other ward counselors; cluster
coordinator Patna, other local support teams and team from ICT were present in the workshop.
4.4.1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Since the consultant conducted a 2nd workshop circle wise (4 circles in PMC) and detail filed visit
with the respective ward councilor as a follow up, it was decided with the consent of honorable Mayor
and Deputy Mayor that a workshop with the member of Standing Committee along with some other
ward councilors will be sufficient. Therefore, member of the standing committee and some other
ward councilor participated in the 3rd and final workshop of Patna CDP. The list of participant along
with attendance sheet is given in Annexure 4.3
4.4.2 THE HANDOUTS
The handouts of presentation were distributed to the participants. These handouts were given to
participants before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could read and understand the city
visioning excercise. All the identified projects along with project costing were districbuted to all
particpants for their views. A copy of handouts is given as Annexure 4.4.
4.4.3 CONTENT OF THE WORKSHOP
The workshop started with the welcome note of consultant, and the introduction of consultants team
to all the participants. The Consultants explained the importance of the 3rd and final workshop. The
vision of the city was developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its
strengths, potential issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The
visioning exercise involved consultation with various stakeholders, which gives the pulse of people‟s
thinking. The broad cost estimates of the projects and sector strategies in the form of handouts were
distributed to the participants. Handouts related to all sectors like water supply, sewerage and
sanitation, solid waste management, drainage, traffic and transportation, street light, urban growth,
economic development, urban environment, heritage and tourism, housing for poor, etc were
presented and discussed with the participants.

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All the identified projects, strategies, and project costing was accepted by the participants. Since some
projects developed under JNNURM are in the implementation stage for long time, therefore the
participants emphasized on speedy work of all these projects. The participants suggested that all
projects which have not been covered under JNNURM and are part of current assignment, should also
be implemented as soon as possible.
Although DPR for water supply, solid waste management, drainage etc are under implementation
stage, therefore the consultant have not considered these projects for costing, but observations and
issues emerged related to these projects during the CDP preparation process have been highlighted in
Chapter 5. The consultants suggest that all the concerns of stakeholders related to these projects
should be taken into consideration at the time of implementation of JNNURM projects.

Photographs: City 3rd Workshop

*****

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 5 PRIORITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES

5.1 INTRODUCTION
After formulating the vision, next step is to formulate the strategies to achieve the vision. The
strategies have been formulated for each sector based on the problems and issues identified for each
sector and to achieve the sectoral goal through analysis as well as stakeholders perceptions. This
chapter presents strategies and projects for each sector, starting with physical growth management
strategy to sustainable finance strategy.

5.2 SECTORAL STRATEGIES

The proposed strategy for sectoral goal for each sectors have been described in following tables. The
projects have been identified based on detailed assessment of all sectors, stakeholders workshop,
discussions and meetings carried out with various officials, local authorities, local people and after
detailed field visit.
Many of the development works are interrelated to each other and hold a positive bearing on other
sectors. For example, although the city has drainage system, but now is inefficient and in course of
time this needs to be developed and by year 2015. 100% population is to be covered by water supply,
drainage and sewerage network. However, it may be emphasised that the sectors covering open space
development, roads and transportation and other related development works will be taken up later on
priority basis. All these strategies aim at giving shape to the envisioned goals for the overall
development of the city within the time span of 20 years period from 2010 to 2030.

5.3 PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS;

The projects have been prioritized in consultation with the stakeholders. This exercise has been done
at all stages and finalized in the Vision workshop. The priority and ranking of all sectors has been
shown in table 5.1and figure 5.1:

Table 5.1: Priority and Ranking of Projects

S No Sector/Projects Priority Ranking
Core Focused Sectors of Development
1 Economic Development Very High -
2 Recreation and Tourism Very High -
Other Focused Sectors for Development
1 Drainage Very High 1
2 Water Supply Very High 2
3 Sewerage and Sanitation Very High 3

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S No Sector/Projects Priority Ranking

4 Solid Waste Management Very High 4
5 Traffic and Transport High 5
6 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor High 6
7 Environment High 7
8 Street Light High 8
9 Urban Renewal and Growth High 9
10 Other Social Infrastructure Medium 10
11 Municipal Finance Medium 11
12 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup Low 12
Source: Generated by consultant with the help of stakeholders

5.4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Infrastructure acts as a catalyst to any development and same is the case with PMC. As indicated in
the analysis, the major issue plaguing the city is inadequate and inefficient basic urban services,
especially, Drainage, Water Supply and Sewerage. The problem has further been exacerbated by lack
of awareness among people and reluctance to pay for the services. The future requirements have been
taken for approximately 4443678 persons by the year 2030. The cost estimate for various projects is
done based on the prevailing market rates and Bihar PWD Schedule of Rates 2010. At the same time
other departmental estimates have been taken into consideration and appropriate escalation factors in
each sector have been taken into consideration.
5.4.1 Strategies and Time Frame
5.4.1.1 Economic Development of the City
Table 5.2: Proposed Development Strategies for Economic Development

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Single window approval

system

Revival of industries by Development of industries

Developing Industrial Estate
providing electricity and other
assistance from government Development of organised Un-interrupted Electricity
informal activities Supply in the industrial area
Easy loan process
Tax holidays for big
industries

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Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Tax free incentives to small

scale industries
Government Incentives
Development of Vending
zones
Construction of vegetable
markets
Construction of Weekly Haat

5.4.1.2 Recreational and Tourism Facilities

Table 5.3: Proposed Development Strategies for Recreation and Tourism

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Development of town park (Area .5 Hac)

Development of Parks and play

grounds Development of green belts along major
Provide roads and along revived major drains
adequate Park
Development of Recreational Facilities
and Open Landscaping and flood protection along
of higher order
Spaces/ Ganga river front
Recreational
Strengthen the existing Tourism spots
Facilities and Meditaion park (2 acr)
and infrastructure.
Attract all type
of tourism Millenium park
Create the new Tourism attraction
points and recreational centers. Beautification of various tourism attraction
sites.

Development of tourist information centers

at all important places of Patna.

5.4.1.3 Drainage
Although DPR for Drainage of PMC has already been prepared but it has not been approved yet while
implementing the project following suggestion should be kept in consideration:
There should be high capacity main drain parallel to bypass from Phulwarisharif in west to
eastern limit of PMC and lastly its provision to drain out in Punpun river through sump house
throwing over the protection embankment.
There should be high capacity main drain in north side of railway line from Patna junction to
Pahari sump hose.

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There should be restructuring and renovation of existing main drains like Manjiri nala, Bakargaj
nala, Mot nala, etc. These should be covered and of concrete with its original width and depth.
All secondary and minor drains should be directly or indirectly connected with main drains as per
slope. There should be integrated drainage system for whole PMC.

Table 5.4: Proposed Development Strategies for Drainage

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Preparation of Drainage Master Plan

considering the city level slope

Drains based on City Level slope Construction of Primary drains

Constructing new drains and Construction of Secondary drains

Draining of entire missing links; align, develop and Improvement/ repairing of existing
storm water from city maintain existing drains primary and secondary drains
Improvement/ repairing of existing
Remove encroachment
main drains
Construction of Main Drain
Removing the encroachment of drain
in market area
Creation of sump house

5.4.1.4 Water Supply

Although DPR for Sewerage of PMC has already been prepared and approved yet while
implementing the project following suggestion should be kept in consideration:
Water management plans
Laying down New Pipe lines
Installation of Rain water harvesting systems
Supply and installation of consumer water meters
Awareness program among the people for the use of protected and unprotected sources of water
Asset Management System (GIS Mapping)
5.4.1.5 Sewerage and Sanitation
Although DPR for Sewerage of PMC has already been prepared but it has not been approved yet,
while implementing the project following suggestion should be kept in consideration:
Construction of Public convenience
Construction of Community Toilets

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Table 5.5: Proposed Development Strategies for Sewerage & Sanitation

Goal Strategies Projects

Renovation of 4 STP
Construction of 2 new STP
New Sewer System

IEC measures for sanitation practice

Community toilets (5% HH does not

have toilet facilities and 1 toilet will
Toilets facilities in every house cover 50 families) 2011 popu-
Sewer system in town 1,811,000, HH size-6.2 =292097, 5%
of HH= 14605 do not have toilets
Access to sanitation Involvement of NGOs in
facilities to all providing community toilets Public Convenience

5.4.1.6 Solid Waste Management

As DPR for Solid waste for Patna is already prepared, we are not providing the strategies. But the
following can be considered at time of implementing the project.
Distribution of community bins
Purchase of modern equipments
Explore the possibility of PPP
Awareness program for segregation of waste at source and for solid waste management system in
general.
5.4.1.7 Traffic and Transportation
Table 5.6: Proposed Development Strategies for Traffic and Transportation

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Re-strengthening of the existing Widening and restrengthening of

city roads roads of main market area
Construction of parallel survice road
Re-strengthening of the existing to the north of bypass with street
Well managed city
regional roads should be done to lights, culverts and underground
traffic with a proper
reduce heavy traffic flow cabeling.
road network and
bypass
Re-strengthening of the existing Development of 4 lane road parellel
city roads to Ganga rive from eastern limit of
PMC to Danapur with street light and
Modernization of existing bus land scaping.

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Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

stand and bus terminal
Development of non metaled road and
improvement of internal roads of city.

Modernization of existing bus stand

and bus terminal
Development of truck terminus for
wholesale/ agri-based goods
Construction of Mono rail
Development of a new bridge linking
patna city area to bypass

5.4.1.8 Housing
The consultants are not proposing any strategies under the housing sector as BSUP scheme under the
JNNURM has been proposed in 2008 with the total cost of Rs. 283.68950 crore.
5.4.1.9 Streetlight
Table 5.7: Proposed Development Strategies for Street Lighting

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Installing Street Light poles with

underground cable network (including PCC
poles, line, fixing, fitting etc.)@ 30 m
Coverage of whole area Installing Street Light distance
by street light to make poles with underground
Implanting 20 High mast Poles with Lights
the city safe cable network
(40 m. high)

Demonstration project on introduction of

non-conventional energy sources such as
solar energy for lighting of public areas

5.4.1.10 Urban Renewal and Growth

Table 5.8: Proposed Development Strategies for Urban Renewal and Growth
Goals Strategies Projects/ Programs

Implementation of building byelaws

The new development in Awareness of planned and zoning regulation
a planned way and old development Standardisation of land use
area to be managed
properly Issuing building byelaws and Demarcation of hawking zones and
Zoning regulation regularization of informal market

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Demarcation of hawking Removal of encroachment

zones and regularization Demarcation of hawking zones
of informal market and regularization of informal Construction of Slaughter House at
market city Periphery area

5.4.1.11Other Social Infrastructure

Table 5.9: Proposed Development Strategies for Other Social Infrastructure

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Six community center/ Baraat

Setup Cultural Centre for Spritual ghar
Rejuvenation of Tourist Cultural Centre/Recreational
club
Provide adequate social Ensure that the firefighting
infrastructural facilities Development of Public
department is fully equipped to Library (area 500sqm)
To provide fire safety service cater city level fire requirement Development of two new
police stations for tourist
with latest machines, vehicles and police
trained staff. Awareness Campaign for Fire
Hazards

5.4.1.12 Health
Table 5.10: Proposed Development Strategies for Health facilities

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Procurement of required equipments by CHC

from Government

Procurement of required Recruitment of vacant staff by governmen

equipments
IEC for health awareness
Good health Recruitment of required Inceneration Center
facilities for all vacant staff General Hospital
Intermediate hospital (Category A)
Health awareness
Intermediate hospital (Category B)
Poly Clinic
Nursing home, Child welfare and Maternity
centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary

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5.4.1.13 Education
Table 5.11: Proposed Development Strategies for Education facilities

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Primary School (Class I to V) (Area= 0.40 ha)

Senior Secondary(Class VI to XII) (1000

Awareness generation about students) (Area= 1.60 ha)
education 4 Polytechnic for women
100% literacy and
education for all
Provision of education 3 Colleges (1000 to 1500 students)
facilities for girls
4 Technical Centre
2 Special high school (for disadvantaged
sections)

5.4.1.14 Municipal Finance

Table 5.12: Proposed Development Strategies for Municipal Finance

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Restructuring tariff rates and need to

identify more programs to augment
the revenue of PMC

Increasing the tax base and collection

Proper financial set-up performance by enhancement of PMC

Municipal tax base Need for introduction of PPP in

various facets of infrastructure
Double entry accounting system services and facilities
Develop Transparent
and sustainable Preparation of guidelines for PPP and
Restructuring tax tariff ;
financial system identification of areas where PPP is
Infrastructure tax , Tax on fairs
(mela) etc feasible and viable

Public private partnership (PPP) Tax collection form the fairs/ melas,
Monitoring and evaluation and marriage function-taking place on
PMC land along with providing
infrastructure facilities

Proper monitoring of funds, their

disbursement and utilisation

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5.4.1.15 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup

Table 5.13: Proposed Development Strategies for Urban Governance and Institutional Setup

Goal Strategies Projects/ Programs

Improvement in coordination E-Governance System for Municipal

amongst different department Services

Clear cut division of Clear-cut demarcation of Implementation of Double Entry

responsibilities and responsibilities Accrual Based Accounting
proper co-ordination Identify requirement of capacity Training and Institutional
among various building Strengthening
departments.
Formation of project management
Implementation of Asset Management
cell/ a committee to expedite
System (GIS Mapping of water,
matters related to city
sewerage & drainage network)
development.

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Road Drain parallel to

connecting railway line from
nothern Patna junction to
proposed Pahari sump house
River Front
road to Development along
Khagaul the river Ganga and
road from Parallel road
west of
Airport

Road Parallel to
bypass north of
Proposed drain, Making Proposed Truck
STP Proposal of 2 terminal
Proposed Truck drains pucca
new STP
Terminal and covered
and sump
houses at
relevant places

Patna: Proposals
Figure 5-1 : Proposals for PMC

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 6 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

6.1 INTRODUCTION
After formulating the vision, next step is to formulate the strategies to achieve the vision. The
strategies have been formulated for each sector based on the problems and issues identified for each
sector and to achieve the sectoral goal through analysis as well as stakeholders perceptions. This
chapter presents strategies and projects for each sector, starting with physical growth management
strategy to sustainable finance strategy.

6.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

The projects related to each sector have been identified based on the assessment of local needs as
revealed by analysis of existing situation and through stakeholders‟ consultation. The projects also
have been identified by comparing the existing situation with the norms and standard. It may be noted
here that all projects under JNNURM, which are the implementation stage, have not be considered for
preparing the Capital Investment Plan (CIP).

6.3 SECTOR-WISE PROJECTS IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING

The sector-wise project identification and project have been given in the following sections. Costing
of project has been phased out till 2025 considering that all the project implementation will be over by
2025 for the planned and sustainable development for the plan year 2030. Sector-wise project costing
is given below:

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Table 6.1: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Economic Development

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Single window approval system
Developing Industrial Estate
Un-interrupted Electricity Supply in
Administrative Decision
the industrial area
Easy loan process
Tax holidays for big industries
Tax free incentives to small scale
industries
Government Incentives Government Decision
Development of vending zone 5000 Nos (street vendors) 15 - -
Construction of vegetable markets 4 Nos 1.2 - -
Construction of Weekly Haat 4 Nos 0.4 - -
Sub Total 16.6 - -
Grand Total Rs. 16.6 crores

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Table 6.2: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Recreational and Tourism Facilities
Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Development of town park (Area .5 Ha) 2 Nos 10.00 6.00 4.00
Development of green belts along major 300 Km 30.00 30.00
roads and along revived major drains
Landscaping and flood protection along 1 Ls 15.00
Ganga river front
Meditation park (2 acre) 3 Nos 15.00 9.00 6.00
Millennium park 1 Nos 50.00 50.00
Beautification of various tourism 15 Nos 7.50 4.50 3.00
attraction sites.
Development of tourist information 5 Nos 0.13 0.08 0.05
centers at all important places of Patna.
Sub Total 127.63 99.58 13.05
Grand Total Rs. 240.25 crores

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Table 6.3: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Traffic and Transportation

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Widening and re-strengthening of roads of 50 Kms 6.25 6.25 -
main market area
Construction of parallel service road to the 30 Kms 75.00 75.00 -
north of bypass with street lights, culverts
and underground caballing.
Development of 4 lane road parallel to 40 km 140.00 140.00 -
Ganga rive from eastern limit of PMC to
Danapur with street light and landscaping.
Development of non-metaled road and 500 km 750.00 - -
improvement of internal roads of city.
Modernization of existing bus stand and 1 Nos 1.00 - -
bus terminal
Development of truck terminus for 1 Nos 7.00 3.00 -
wholesale/ agri-based goods
Construction of Mono rail 1 nos 1000.00 600.00 400.00

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Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Development of a new bridge linking 1 KM 15.00 - -
Patna city area to bypass
Sub Total 1994.25 824.25 400.00
Grand Total Rs. 3218.50 crores

Table 6.4: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Environment

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Tree Plantation along river bed 10 Kms 0.05 0.05 -
River front development 15 kms 125 75 50
Construction of Public promenades 6 Nos 7.5 4.5 3
Construction of Botanical Garden 1 Nos 2.5 1.5 1
Construction of Mela Ground 2 Nos 1 0.6 0.4
Construction of parking lot 6 Nos 0.06 0.06 -

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Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Development of water sport activities 1 Nos 5 5 -
Sub Total 141.11 86.71 54.4
Grand Total Rs. 282.22 crores

Table 6.5: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Street Lighting

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Installing Street Light poles with 56400 Nos
underground cable network (including
84.60 50.76 33.84
PCC poles, line, fixing, fitting etc.)@ 30 m
distance
Implanting 20 High mast Poles with Lights 20 Nos
1.20 - -
(40 m. high)
Demonstration project on introduction of 5 Nos Through ESCOs as mentioned in CIP

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Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
non-conventional energy sources such as
solar energy for lighting of public areas
Sub Total 85.80 50.76 33.84
Grand Total Rs. 170.40 crores

Table 6.6: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Other Social Infrastructure

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Six community center/ Baraat ghar 6 Nos 2.28 1.37 0.91
Cultural Centre/Recreational club 4 Nos 10.00 5.00 5.00
Development of Public Library (area 500sqm) 4 Nos 2.84 - -
Development of four new police stations for 6.00 6.00 -
4 Nos
tourist police
Sub Total 21.12 12.37 5.91

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Grand Total Rs. 39.39 crores

Table 6.7: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Fir service

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)

(Investment (Investment (Investment

requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

Awareness Campaign for Fire Hazards 5 Nos 0.13 0.08 0.05

Grand Total Rs. 0.25 crores

Table 6.8: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Health

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

Procurement of required equipments

by CHC from Government As per Requirement
Recruitment of vacant staff by
government
IEC for health awareness 1 No. 0.40 0.24 0.16

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Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

Incineration Center 4 Nos 0.40 0.24 0.16

General Hospital 2 Nos 40.00 24.00 16.00
Intermediate hospital (Category A) 4 Nos 40.00 24.00 16.00
Intermediate hospital (Category B) 4 Nos 25.00 15.00 10.00
Poly Clinic 2 Nos 4.00 2.40 1.60
Nursing home, Child welfare and 6 Nos 6.00 3.60 2.40
Maternity centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary 15 Nos 6.00 3.60 2.40
Sub Total 121.80 73.08 48.72

Grand Total Rs. 243.60 crores

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Table 6.9: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Education

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

Primary School (Class I to V) (Area= 0.40 200 Nos 10.00 6.00 4.00
ha)
Senior Secondary(Class VI to XII) (1000 100 Nos 10.00 6.00 4.00
students) (Area= 1.60 ha)
4 Polytechnic for women 4 Nos 20.00 12.00 8.00
3 Colleges (1000 to 1500 students) 3 Nos 22.50 13.50 9.00
4 Technical Centre 4 Nos 16.00 9.60 6.40
2 Special high school (for disadvantaged 2 Nos 10.00 6.00 4.00
sections)
Sub Total 88.50 53.10 35.40

Grand Total Rs. 177.00 crores

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Table 6.10: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Urban Renewal and Growth
Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)

(Investment (Investment (Investment

requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

Implementation of building byelaws

and zoning regulation All these projects are either related
Standardization of land use to enforcement of regulations,
Demarcation of hawking zones and laws,
regularization of informal market rules or have already been covered
Removal of encroachment under various above
mentioned projects, therefore
there is no cost mentioned against
this head

Construction of Slaughter House at city 2 Nos 1.00 - 1.00

Periphery area
Grand Total Rs. 2.00 crores

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Table 6.11: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Urban Governance and Institutional Setup
Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I (2011-16) Phase-II (2016-21) Phase-III (2021-30)

(Investment (Investment (Investment

requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs. requirement in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)

E-Governance System for Municipal 32.00 - -

Services 1 Ls

Implementation of Double Entry Accrual 0.50 - -

Based Accounting 1 Ls

Training and Institutional Strengthening 2.50 2.50 -

1 Ls
Implementation of Asset Management 4.97 - -
System (GIS Mapping of water, sewerage &
99 SQKM
drainage network)

Sub Total 39.97 2.50 -

Grand Total Rs. 42.47 crores

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6.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

With a continuous increase in the population of Patna city over a period of time, the demand for the
infrastructure has grown several-folds. If we continue with the present growth rate, we would find that
after few years, the existing infrastructure in terms of solid waste management, drainage, sewerage,
drinking water, parking, public conveniences etc. would fall short way beyond the requirement.
The table below summarizes the sector –wise investment requirement for urban infrastructure
covering various facets as per scope of work.
The following Table 6.12 summarizes the sector–wise investment requirement for urban infrastructure
covering various facets as per scope of the work. The total investment required would be Rs 5683.06
crore.

Table 6.12: Broad Investment Plan

Sectors Investment Required (Rs. Crore) Total Sector-wise
Distribution (%)
Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)

Sewerage 419.11 218.00 151.50 788.61 13.88

Drainage 244.76 107.20 109.80 461.76 8.13
Traffic and Transportation 1994.25 824.25 400.00 3218.50 56.63
Environment 141.11 86.71 54.40 282.22 4.97
Street Lighting 85.80 50.76 33.84 170.40 3.00
Other Social Infrastructure 21.12 12.37 5.91 39.39 0.69
Urban Renewal and Growth 1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 0.04
Recreation & Tourism 127.63 99.58 13.05 240.25 4.23
Fire services 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.25 0.00
Urban Governance and
39.97 2.50 0.00 42.47 0.75
Institutional Setup
Health 121.80 73.08 48.72 243.60 4.29
Education 88.50 53.10 35.40 177.00 3.11
Economic Development 16.60 0.00 0.00 16.60 0.29
TOTAL 3301.77 1527.62 853.67 5683.06 100

Phase-wise Distribution (%) 58.10 26.88 15.02 100

Source: Prepared by Consultant

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The shares of different sectors of the total investment tabulated above have been diagrammatically
depicted below in Figure 6-1. The Table 6.12 and Figure 6.1show that 56.63% of the funds are
proposed to be utilized on development schemes for traffic and transportation, followed by Sewerage
(13.88%), Drainage (8.13%), etc
Figure 6-1: Broad Investment share

6.5 FUNDING PATTERN

Since PMC is covered under JNNURM scheme, investment plan can be prepared in the line of this
scheme. The quantum of investment is quite substantial largely because there has been significant
backlog in investment over the years. Apart from JNNURM, the ULB can also access infrastructure
fund from central and state government as earmarked in the 13th Finance Commission (Central
Government) and 4th State Finance Commission (State Government).
Funding Structure through State Government and PPP
Since the funding of CDP of Patna is covered under JNNURM, therefore the onus lies with central as
well as the state government to fund the CDP implementation process. A possible funding model is
outlined in the ensuing paragraphs. However, the state government may not be in a position to fund
due to the paucity of fund. Further, the state government, through various innovative funding
mechanisms can fund the CDP investment. Table 6.13 below shows the funding pattern of the
proposed CDP projects. The funding pattern has been taken from the JNNURM guideline. Although
JNNURM period is ending in 2012-13 and very few projects have been sanctioned in Patna, but it is
assumed that considering the special status of Bihar, JNNURM may fund remaining projects as
proposed in the current study. Some projects can be taken up on PPP mode, which will be explored in
the Final CDP

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The projects, which cannot be taken by PPP completely, the government has to do the viability gap
funding.

Table 6.13: Funding Pattern of CDP by State Government and PPP (amount in Rs. crore)
ULB or Parastatal
Centre State
Amount in Share/Loan from
Projects Government Government
Rs. Crore Financial Institutions
(50%) (20%)
(30%)

Sewerage 788.61 394 158 237

Drainage 461.76 231 92 139

Traffic and
3218.50 1609 644 966
Transportation
Environment 282.22 141 56 85
Street Lighting 170.40 85 34 51
Other Social
39.39 20 8 12
Infrastructure
Urban Renewal
2.00 1 0 1
and Growth
Recreation &
240.25 120 48 72
Tourism
Fire services 0.25 0 0 0
Urban
Governance
and 42.47 21 8 13
Institutional
Setup
Health 243.60 122 49 73
Education 177.00 89 35 53
Economic
16.60 8 3 5
Development
Total Cost 5683.06 2842 1137 1705

6.5.1.1 PPP Funding:

Experience the world over has shown that private sector participation (PSP) results in cost savings and
improvement in efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery mainly due to financial and
managerial autonomy and accountability in private sector operations. Besides, it brings in new
investment and better technologies. (P.U. Asnani). Therefore, PPP model must be explored on various
projects wherever possible.

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The private agencies may be contacted for the projects of solid waste management, other social
infrastructure and street lighting for PPP. For PPP projects Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation
(PMDO) Facility of IL & FS group may be contacted. A brief about PMDO is given below:
6.5.1.2 PMDO
IL & FS has created an asset management company by the name of IL & FS Urban Infrastructure
Managers Limited (IUIML) to avail the PMDO Facility. Under PMDO the project finance
requirements in the urban sector will be funded from the corpus of Rs. 27.50 billion. It will provide
long tenure financing upto a period of 13 years. Contributions to this facility have come from leading
banks and financial institutions in the country.
Eligible Borrower:
Urban Local bodies, Special Purpose Vehicles and BOT Operator, who are implementing urban
infrastructure projects, are eligible to access this.
Advantage of PMDO
Service of professional asset manager with urban experience
Assistance to borrower for viability and bankability of projects
Structuring the PMDO assistance to suite the project needs
Common loan documentation
Project specific security creation
Disbursement under one roof
Post disbursement follow up
Activities
Project Identification
Assisting the borrower in structuring projects and internal rating
Placing of the projects for sanction
Issue of disbursement memo and follow up
Loan asset management
Project Approved- Project related to water supply, sewerage scheme, city infrastructure, solid waste
management, urban transport, health care, slum rehabilitation, area development have been approved
in many ULBs in India viz. Madurai, Gwalior, Nagpur, Nanded, Daldia, Karim Nagar, Jaipur,
Ichalkaranji, Kagal, Surat etc.
6.5.1.3 International Donor
The ULBs cannot access fund directly from international donors like DFID, USAID, CIDA, GTZ etc.
due to the procedural difficulties. But the state government with the help of central government may
arrange fund for ULB for the CDP implementation.

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6.5.1.4 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs

The state government must form a PMU and SPVs for the implementation of CDP. These are required
for PPP projects and Non-PPP projects. PMUs and SPVs should consist of a professional team of
technical, financial, business development, administrative & institutional specialists so that all
projects can be implemented on a time. An indicative structure of PMU and SPV has been shown in
Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-2 : Indicative Structure of PMU and SPV

Project Management Unit

PPP Projects Non PPP Projects

Direct Bidding

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3

GOI Grants
Pooling Financial GOB Grants
Institutional
Resources Loans
Patna Development Fund Market Debts

Infrastructure
The Holding Company bonds
International Aid
receipts
SPVs for Various Sectors From selling equity
in SPVs

User charges

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6.5.1.5 Other Suggestions for Innovative Findings

Water Management Fund’
Among other source of fund for water supply projects, one could come from creating a Water
Management Fund. It is suggested for consideration that a „Water Management Fund‟ may be created
through levy of a minimal tax of say, 10 paise per litre, on bottled water and soft drinks sold by the
manufacturer/distributors in the State. The levy so collected could be directly deposited in the
proposed Water Management Fund and allocated among implementing agencies in all project cities.
Apart from using this fund for implementing water supply project, a substantial fix proportion may
also be allotted to Water Resource Department of Bihar. Some mount also can be spent for the
institutional strengthening of water sector in the state. The Fund could be managed by a Board
consisting of senior representatives from the State Government and independent expert professionals
under the administrative supervision and control of the State Government.

It may be mentioned in this context that a study carried out by Dr. Manoj Nadkarni, Program
Coordinator at the centre for Communication and Development Studies, Pune, estimates that in India
the market for packaged water to be between Rs.800 crores and Rs.1000 crores and is growing at a
rate of nearly 40% per annum. Further, Beverage Marketing Corporation, USA, reports that though
packaged water accounts for only 5% of the total beverage market in India, branded bottled water is
the fastest growing industry in the beverage sector.
Levy of tax on bottled water and soft drinks would help to build up a dedicated fund for water
management similar to that of road fund created through levy on fuel and in force in several countries,
and at the national level in this country.
This would require suitable legislation and could be implemented over a medium term period.

PPP for Street Light through Energy Service Company (ESCO)

The problems faced by ULB with respect to street lighting can be resolved through the appointment of
an ESCO. A typical ESCO can be defined as a consultancy group engaged in a performance-based
contract with a client firm to implement measures which reduce energy consumption and costs in a
technically and financially viable manner2. Main functions of ESCO are reducing the energy usage by
using innovative energy saving lights and energy efficient devices, reducing wastage by proper
monitoring by using modern devices. ESCOs offer complete energy project management services

2
Source: Bureau of Energy Efficiency

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including energy auditing, design, turnkey installation, financing, marketing, maintenance and
monitoring.

Carbon Credits: The ESCO can qualify for registering with the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for
adopting energy-efficiency and energy saving measures. The project can be submitted for approval
and certification under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) regime of the Kyoto Protocol and
the certified emission reductions generated can be sold. The revenues accruing from such CDM
transactions and the expenses incurred can be shared between the Concessionaire and the ULB.

*****

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 7 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTION
The main agency implementing CDP is the Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC). A detailed account
of its finances has been presented in chapter 3 under the municipal finance section. This chapter deals
with the feasibility of investments proposed in the previous chapter. The financial sustainability of
investments in also has been analysed keeping in view existing system.
The Financial Operating Plan (FOP) is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the urban local
body for a term of 5 to 20 years (plan period). It needs mention that the identified investment is
phased from 2011-12 to 2030-31. Also as requirement of TOR an investment plan is prepared for first
five year i.e. from 2011-11 to 2016-17 and the FOP has also been generated for the same plan period.
This five yearly FOP is prepared considering only the core functions of ULB. A salient feature of the
FOP is that all outstanding dues including debt and non-debt liabilities have been taken into account
and the repayment has been scheduled accordingly.
The FOP is basically generated to assess the investment sustaining capacity of the ULB adopting a
project funding structure comprising, funds from the State Government under various government
schemes and direct funding through budgetary allocation; ULB and Private Sector. The major
criterion for ascertaining the investment sustaining capacity of PMC is that, it should have year-to-
year positive Opening Balance during the plan period.
The approach adopted by consultants is an integrated one, which is inter-twined together in terms of
financial, institutional and legal reforms into one combined synergistic strategy with components both
at the state level as well as the municipal level.

7.2 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN OF PMC

The finance data for the financial year 2005-06 to 2009-10 of PMC have been used as the base to
prepare the FOP. As mentioned in chapter 4, the municipality maintains its account on a cash basis
accounting system. The main items of income and expenditure have been classified into two accounts
for assessing the financial position of the council namely revenue account and capital account. The
same has been adopted for the FOP and further revenue account receipts and expenditure were
projected under following broad categories.
Income
(a) Revenue Receipt
Own Sources- Revenue
Own Sources- Taxes
Own Sources- Non Taxes
New Taxes

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Assigned Revenues
Revenue Grants
Include salary
Matching grants
Other revenue grants
Other Income (Miscellaneous)
(b) Capital Receipts
Expenditure
(a) Revenue Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure
O & M Expenditure
Programme Expenditure
Administration Expenditure
Finance & Interest Expenditure
Misc Expenditure

The capital investment required for the identified five year high priority interventions are to be
initiated from financial year 2011-12. The FOP is worked out for two scenarios, viz:
Business As Usual
The growth rate for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for Business as Usual are based
on past trends (5-year compound annual growth rate – CAGR).
Alternate Scenario 1 – Implementation of reforms
The assumptions for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the alternate scenario-1
adopted are primarily based on past trends (5-year compound annual growth rate – CAGR) taking
into consideration implementation of Reforms.
Alternate Scenario 2 – Sustainable High Priority Investment
The assumptions for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the alternate scenario-2
adopted are primarily based on minimum level of growth rate to be achieved for sustainable
development of city by implementation of reforms. (The revenue income and expenditure projections
have been considered by the projections provided by SPUR)
7.2.1 Business As Usual Scenario
In Business As Usual, the finances of PMC are forecasted in “do nothing”, wherein the revenue and
expenditure account of municipality is forecasted based on existing trend (proposed growth rate of
both income and expenditure is considered same as growth rate of past five years). Since the FOP

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model is developed to ascertain the high priority investment sustaining capacity, the base case
scenario is developed assuming that there will be no new capital transaction and this will indicate the
PMC‟s capacity to generate surplus to service capital expenditure. The following Table 7.1 presents
the projected income and expenditure of PMC for next five years on business as usual scenario.

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Table 7.1: Business As Usual Scenario - PMC’s Income and Expenditure

Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Growth Rate Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Remarks
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (in %) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 8,103.33 6,605.30 8,719.89 15,496.68 8,074.87 13,178.00 15,257.11 18,617.24 23,833.35 31,763.59 43,687.22
Revenue Receipts 7,683.33 3,277.87 4,827.70 9,033.78 5,974.70 8682.00 8533.87 8563.43 8799.05 9281.57 10067.99
(A) Own Sources- Taxes 2,122.14 1,553.15 1,616.73 1,699.68 2,083.12
-0.46 2,550 2538.20 2526.45 2514.76 2503.12 2491.53 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -26.81% 4.09% 5.13% 22.56%
(B) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 105.07 74.15 107.90 586.29 335.12
33.64 879 1,174.7 1,569.8 2,097.8 2,803.5 3,746.5 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -29.43% 45.52% 443.34% -42.84%
(C) Assigned Revenues 231.46 367.93 2,229.10 916.04 403.31
14.89 693.0 796.2 914.8 1,051.0 1,207.5 1,387.3 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate 58.96% 505.86% -58.91% -55.97%
Revenue Grants (Including Salary and
(D) 5,189.25 1,220.64 812.84 5,705.23 3,149.36
Matching grants) -11.74 4,560.0 4,024.8 3,552.4 3,135.5 2,767.5 2,442.7 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -76.48% -33.41% 601.89% -44.80%
(E) Other Income 35.41 62.00 61.12 126.53 3.79
-42.80 68.0 38.9 22.2 12.7 7.3 4.2 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate 75.10% -1.42% 107.01% -97.01%
Capital Receipts 420.00 3,327.44 3,892.19 6,462.90 2,100.17
49.54 4,496.0 6,723.2 10,053.8 15,034.3 22,482.0 33,619.2 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -76.48% 16.97% 66.05% -67.50%
Revenue Expenditure 3,691.05 3,838.33 4,450.68 6,228.09 8,136.14 7546.00 8487.97 9589.38 10883.42 12410.89 14222.03
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 3,124.50 3,320.74 3,808.65 5,540.85 4,194.42
7.64 5,111.0 5,501.5 5,921.8 6,374.2 6,861.2 7,385.3 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate 6.28% 14.69% 45.48% -24.30%
(B) O & M Expenditure 330.28 55.43 62.89 156.45 615.90
16.86 405.0 473.3 553.1 646.3 755.2 882.6 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -83.22% 13.45% 148.77% 293.69%
(C) Programme Expenditure 191.84 421.83 488.51 461.73 3,263.43
24.55 1,956.0 2,436.3 3,034.5 3,779.6 4,707.7 5,863.7 CAGR 2005-09
Growth Rate 119.88% 15.81% -5.48% 606.79%
(D) Administration Expenditure 22.50 30.59 36.62 40.29 23.50
1.09 33.0 33.4 33.7 34.1 34.5 34.8 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate 35.94% 19.74% 10.00% -41.68%
(E) Finance & Interest Expenditure 10.42
5.00 11.0 11.6 12.1 12.7 13.4 14.0 Assumed 5%
Growth Rate
(F) Misc. Expenditure 21.94 9.74 54.00 28.78 28.48
6.75 30.0 32.0 34.2 36.5 39.0 41.6 CAGR 2005-10
Growth Rate -55.60% 454.38% -46.71% -1.03%
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) 3,992.28 -560.46 377.02 2,805.69 -2,161.44 1,136.00 45.90 -1,025.95 -2,084.37 -3,129.33 -4,154.03

As shown in Table 7.1, if the income and expenditure of PMC are projected on the average growth rate of past five years, then it will be hugely in deficit. Projecting the income expenditure on average growth rate is impractical mainly
because of the reason that municipality does not work in a systematic way. Therefore an alternative scenarios based on practical proposed growth rates have been proposed below.

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7.2.2 Alternate Scenario 1

After analyzing the above scenario it is felt that PMC can not only enhance its income but also bridge
this gap by:
Private sector participation in implementation of proposed projects;
Prioritizing and phasing of investment
Implementing property tax reforms to increase revenue;
Increasing user charges for water and other urban services
Imposing new taxes
Therefore, consultant proposes an alternate scenario with conservative approach for projecting future
expenditure and liberal approach for projecting future income. Based on reform implementation Tax
yield has been estimated for FY 2015-16 in Table 7.2 below.

Table 7.2: Projection of Tax Yield for 2015-16

Particulars 2009-10 2015-16
Potential Actual Potential Estimated Remarks / Assumptions
Total Increase in Potential properties
properties to 396514 1,75,923 501717 4,01,373 assumed to be 4% annually, Taxed
be taxed 80% of potential
Average Increase in Potential ARV assumed
ARV* of 21,906 10,953 29357 29,357 5% annually, Actual Rate same as
properties Potential Rate
Total ARV of
868.62cr 192.69cr 1472.87cr 1178.30 cr
all properties
Holding Tax
78.17cr 17.34cr 132.55cr 106.04cr
Liability
Tax Collection
90% 71% 90% 85%
%
Compounded annual growth rate
Tax Yield 70.35cr 12.31cr 119.30cr 90.14
in Tax yield is 39% approximately
Total
Efficiency of 17.50 75.56 501717
Tax collection
Source: FY 2009-10 DFID-SPUR,
FY 2015-16 generated by consultant
* Annual Rental Value
The alternate scenario is presented in Table 7.4 and is based on the following assumptions.
Income
Income by ULB‟s own tax sources by 35% per annum (CAGR of Tax yield is 39% approximately
as per Table 7.2).
Income by ULB‟s own non-tax sources by 30% per annum
Income from Assigned Revenue sources increase by 15% per annum
Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 20% per annum

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Income from other sources increase by 5% per annum

Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure by 10% growth per annum
Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 20% per annum
Programme expenditure increase by 25% per annum
Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Finance & Interest expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Misc. Expenditure increase by 5% annually.
The Table 7.3 provides the reasons on which assumptions for Growth Rates of Income & Expenditure
are based.

Table 7.3: Basis for assumption of Growth Rates

CAGR (%) Growth Rate
Total Receipts Reasons
FY 2005-10 Assumed (%)
Revenue Receipts
CAGR for increase in Tax Yield on
Own Sources- Taxes -0.46 35 implementation of reforms is 39% as
shown in Table 7.2
Own Sources- Non-Taxes 33.64 30 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
Assigned Revenues 14.89 15 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
CAGR from 2006-10 is 37%, overall it
Revenue Grants ( Include.
-11.74 20 became negative due to high figures in
Salary and Matching grants)
FY 2005-06
CAGR from 2005-09 is 53%, overall it
Other Income -42.80 5 became negative due to low figures in
FY 2009-10
Revenue Expenditure
Total Establishment
7.64 10
Expenditure Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
O & M Expenditure 16.86 20 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
Programme Expenditure 24.55 25 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10

Administration Expenditure 1.09 5 Assumed 5% as CAGR is less due to

low figures in FY 2009-10
Finance & Interest Assumed 5% as there is no expenditure
5
Expenditure under this head before FY 2009-10
Misc Expenditure 6.75 5 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
Source: Generated by consultant

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Table 7.4: Alternate Scenario 1 - PMC’s Income and Expenditure

Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Growth Rate (in %)
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 8,103.33 6,605.30 8,719.89 15,496.68 8,074.87 13,246.00 15,726.35 18,743.59 22,537.37 27,333.84 33,429.40
Revenue Receipts 7,683.33 3,277.87 4,827.70 9,033.78 5,974.70 8750.00 11005.55 13786.75 17332.68 21868.92 27691.24
(A) Own Sources- Taxes 2,122.14 1,553.15 1,616.73 1,699.68 2,083.12
35.0 2,550 3,443 4,647 6,274 8,470 11,434
Growth Rate -26.81% 4.09% 5.13% 22.56%
(B) Own Sources- New Taxes 20.0 80.00 96.00 115.20 138.24 165.89
(C) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 105.07 74.15 107.90 586.29 335.12
30.0 879 1,143 1,486 1,931 2,511 3,264
Growth Rate -29.43% 45.52% 443.34% -42.84%
(D) Assigned Revenues 231.46 367.93 2,229.10 916.04 403.31
15.0 693.0 797 916 1,054 1,212 1,394
Growth Rate 58.96% 505.86% -58.91% 0.00%
(E) Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and
5,189.25 1,220.64 812.84 5,705.23 3,149.36
Matching grants) 20.0 4,560.0 5,472 6,566 7,880 9,456 11,347
Growth Rate -76.48% -33.41% 601.89% -44.80%
(F) Other Income 35.41 62.00 61.12 126.53 3.79
5.0 68.0 71 75 79 83 87
Growth Rate 75.10% -1.42% 107.01% -97.01%
Capital Receipts 420.00 3,327.44 3,892.19 6,462.90 2,100.17
5.0 4,496.0 4,721 4,957 5,205 5,465 5,738
Growth Rate -76.48% 16.97% 66.05% -67.50%
Revenue Expenditure 3,691.05 3,838.33 4,450.68 6,228.09 8,136.14 7546.00 8630.80 9905.35 11408.56 13188.16 15302.77
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 3,124.50 3,320.74 3,808.65 5,540.85 4,194.42
10.0 5,111.0 5,622 6,184 6,803 7,483 8,231
Growth Rate 6.28% 14.69% 45.48% -24.30%
(B) O & M Expenditure 330.28 55.43 62.89 156.45 615.90
20.0 405.0 486 583 700 840 1,008
Growth Rate -83.22% 13.45% 148.77% 293.69%
(C) Programme Expenditure 191.84 421.83 488.51 461.73 3,263.43
25.0 1,956.0 2,445 3,056 3,820 4,775 5,969
Growth Rate 119.88% 15.81% -5.48% 606.79%
(D) Administration Expenditure 22.50 30.59 36.62 40.29 23.50
5.0 33.0 35 36 38 40 42
Growth Rate 35.94% 19.74% 10.00% -41.68%
(E) Finance & Interest Expenditure 10.42
5.0 11.0 12 12 13 13 14
Growth Rate
(F) Misc Expenditure 21.94 9.74 54.00 28.78 28.48
5.0 30.0 32 33 35 36 38
Growth Rate -55.60% 454.38% -46.71% -1.03%
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) 3,992.28 -560.46 377.02 2,805.69 -2,161.44 1,204.00 2,374.75 3,881.40 5,924.13 8,680.76 12,388.47

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7.2.3 Alternate Scenario 2

The consultant has proposed an alternate scenario-2 with conservative approach for projecting future
expenditure and income based on Reform Implementation. The alternate scenario is presented in
Table 7.5 and is based on the following assumptions.
Income
Income by ULB‟s own tax sources is double in 2011-12,triple in 2013-14,quartiplate in 2015-16
and Included 50 crores arrear distributed from 2011-12 to 2015-16.
Income by ULB‟s own non-tax sources is double in 2011-12, triple in 2013-14, quartiplate in
2015-16.
Income from Assigned Revenue sources increase by 5% per annum
Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 4% growth per
annum from FY 2011-12 (Matching grant 3 to 7%)
Income from other sources increase by 5% per annum
Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure by 5% growth per annum except in 2011-12 is 10% due to
restructuring &VI pay Commission
Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Programme expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Finance & Interest expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Misc. Expenditure increase by 5% annually.

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Table 7.5: Alternate Scenario 2 - PMC’s Income and Expenditure

Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Growth Rate (in %)
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 8,103.33 6,605.30 8,719.89 15,496.68 8,074.87 13,246.00 15,914.00 17,539.00 19,188.20 20,863.24 22,565.89
Revenue Receipts 7,683.33 3,277.87 4,827.70 9,033.78 5,974.70 8750.00 11193.00 12582.00 13983.20 15398.24 16827.89
(A) Own Sources- Taxes double in 2011-12,triple in 2013-
2,122.14 1,553.15 1,616.73 1,699.68 2,083.12 14,quartiplate in 2015-16 and 2,550 4,399 5,249 6,099 6,949 7,799
Growth Rate Included 50 crores arrear distributed
-26.81% 4.09% 5.13% 22.56% from 2011-12 to 2015-16
(B) Own Sources- New Taxes 20.0 80.00 96.00 115.20 138.24 165.89
(C) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 105.07 74.15 107.90 586.29 335.12 double in 2011-12,triple in 2013- 879 1,173 1,466 1,759 2,052 2,345
Growth Rate -29.43% 45.52% 443.34% -42.84% 14,quartiplate in 2015-16
(D) Assigned Revenues 231.46 367.93 2,229.10 916.04 403.31 693.0 728.0 764.0 802.0 842.0 884.0
5.0
Growth Rate 58.96% 505.86% -58.91% -55.97%
(E) Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and
5,189.25 1,220.64 812.84 5,705.23 3,149.36 4% growth from FY 2011- 4,560.0 4,742.0 4,932.0 5,129.0 5,334.0 5,547.0
Matching grants)
Growth Rate 12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)
-76.48% -33.41% 601.89% -44.80%
(F) Other Income 35.41 62.00 61.12 126.53 3.79 68.0 71.0 75.0 79.0 83.0 87.0
5.0
Growth Rate 75.10% -1.42% 107.01% -97.01%
Capital Receipts 420.00 3,327.44 3,892.19 6,462.90 2,100.17 4,496.0 4,721.0 4,957.0 5,205.0 5,465.0 5,738.0
5.0
Growth Rate -76.48% 16.97% 66.05% -67.50%
Revenue Expenditure 3,691.05 3,838.33 4,450.68 6,228.09 8,136.14 7546.00 8180.00 8590.00 9020.00 9471.00 9945.00
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 3,124.50 3,320.74 3,808.65 5,540.85 4,194.42 5% growth except in 2011-12 is
5,111.0 5,622.0 5,903.0 6,198.0 6,508.0 6,833.0
Growth Rate 10%due to restructuring &VI pay
6.28% 14.69% 45.48% -24.30% Commission
(B) O & M Expenditure 330.28 55.43 62.89 156.45 615.90 405.0 425.0 446.0 468.0 491.0 516.0
5.0
Growth Rate -83.22% 13.45% 148.77% 293.69%
(C) Programme Expenditure 191.84 421.83 488.51 461.73 3,263.43 1,956.0 2,054.0 2,157.0 2,265.0 2,378.0 2,497.0
5.0
Growth Rate 119.88% 15.81% -5.48% 606.79%
(D) Administration Expenditure 22.50 30.59 36.62 40.29 23.50 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 43.0
5.0
Growth Rate 35.94% 19.74% 10.00% -41.68%
(E) Finance & Interest Expenditure 1.85 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
5.0
Growth Rate
(F) Misc Expenditure 21.94 9.74 54.00 28.78 28.48 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0
5.0
Growth Rate -55.60% 454.38% -46.71% -1.03%
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) 3,992.28 -560.46 377.02 2,805.69 -2,161.44 1,204.00 3,013.00 3,992.00 4,963.20 5,927.24 6,882.89

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As mentioned in BMA 2007, the municipality can levy the following taxes (Part IV: Municipal
Revenue: Chapter XV: 127. Power to levy taxes):
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 10, the Municipality shall have, for the purposes of this Act,
the power to levy the following taxes:-
Current Status If currently not imposed
of Imposition suggestion for future imposition
1 Property tax on lands and buildings. Yes -
2 Surcharge on transfer of lands and
Yes -
buildings,
3 Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any
No Yes
non-residential building,
4 Water tax, Yes -
5 Fire tax, No Yes
6 Tax on advertisements, other than
advertisements published in Yes -
newspapers,
7 Surcharge on entertainment tax No Yes
8 Surcharge on electricity consumption Yes
No
within the municipal area,
9 Tax on congregations, No Yes
10 Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and No Yes
11 Toll – -
on roads, bridges, ferries and
No Yes
navigable channel and
on heavy trucks which shall be
heavy goods vehicles, and buses,
which shall be heavy passenger
No Yes
motor vehicles, within the meaning
of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988,
plying on a public street.
12 Tax on profession yes -
As mentioned above, to increase the tax base, the municipality has to impose new tax as entitled in
BMA 2007. The following new taxes are proposed as a new tax category in Table 7.1, Table 7.4, &
Table 7.5:

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Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any non-residential building,

Surcharge on entertainment tax
Surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area,
Tax on congregations,
Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and
Toll on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods vehicles, and buses, which shall be heavy
passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying on a public
street.
7.2.4 Selection of Alternative
Among all options discussed above, the Consultants suggest to opt for alternative Scenario 1 (Table
7.4). The above Table 7.4 reflects that by undertaking proposed fiscal measures and reforms the PMC
is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of Rs. 1,204 lakhs (2010-11) to Rs. 12,388.47
lakhs in 2015-16. There will be a total surplus of Rs. 33,249.5 lakh in next five year (2011-12 to
2015-16), which will be around 19% of the total investment requirement of first five years (Rs.
179114/- lakh). The total funding liabilities of ULB/parastatal will be 30% of total investment
required as per JNNURM guidelines and it will be shared by PMC and other parastatal agencies/ lime
departments. Therefore, in this scenario PMC is able to provide its share of funding requirement along
with O&M cost of the assets created under CDP for first five year.

7.3 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF PMC

As can be seen, the financial position of PMC is not strong. It is assumed that the surplus which is
expected to occur in the future years could be utilized for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of the
projects. This way, their reliability on grants will reduce and maintenance of the infrastructure can be
done and thus on this account at least it can slowly and gradually become self-sustainable.
However, the consultants strongly believes that the above analysis could be supplemented by looking
at different revenue and expenditure sources such as water tax, fire tax, surcharge on entertainment
tax, surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area, tax on congregations, tax on
pilgrims and tourists, and toll on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods vehicles, and buses, which
shall be heavy passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying
on a public street etc. Similarly, some expenditures could be increasing consistently and would
looking into whether it was an increase due to inflation, increase in operations or due to some other
reasons.

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7.3.1 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and MIS with a View to Identify Weaknesses
The present system of accounting is quite rudimentary and does not provide for any significant
transparency. As the PMC‟s staff will been trained in using double entry system, it is expected that
soon it may launch computerized accounting system based on double entry accounting, yet it is
difficult to anticipate its immediate results since the system would require restructuring of the finance
and accounts department and also institutional strengthening of the existing manpower.
7.3.2 INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS
With a continuous increase in the population of PMC city over a period of time, the demand for the
infrastructure has grown several-folds. If we continue with the present growth rate, we would find that
after few years, the existing infrastructure in terms of solid waste management, drainage, sewerage,
drinking water, parking, public conveniences etc. would fall short way beyond the requirement.
The table below summarizes the sector –wise investment requirement for PMC.
The following Table 7.6 summarizes the sector –wise investment requirement covering various facets
as per scope of the work. The total investment required would be Rs 5683.06 crores.
Table 7.6 : Broad Investment Plan
Sectors Investment Required (Rs. Crore) Total Sector-wise
Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Distribution (%)

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)

Sewerage 419.11 218.00 151.50 788.61 13.88
Drainage 244.76 107.20 109.80 461.76 8.13
Traffic and Transportation 1994.25 824.25 400.00 3218.50 56.63
Environment 141.11 86.71 54.40 282.22 4.97
Street Lighting 85.80 50.76 33.84 170.40 3.00
Other Social Infrastructure 21.12 12.37 5.91 39.39 0.69
Urban Renewal and Growth 1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 0.04
Recreation & Tourism 127.63 99.58 13.05 240.25 4.23
Fire services 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.25 0.00
Urban Governance and
39.97 2.50 0.00 42.47 0.75
Institutional Setup
Health 121.80 73.08 48.72 243.60 4.29
Education 88.50 53.10 35.40 177.00 3.11
Economic Development 16.60 0.00 0.00 16.60 0.29
TOTAL 3301.77 1527.62 853.67 5683.06 100

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City Development Plan for Patna

Sectors Investment Required (Rs. Crore) Total Sector-wise

Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Distribution (%)

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)

Phase-wise Distribution (%) 58.10 26.88 15.02 100

The shares of different sectors of the total investment tabulated above have been diagrammatically
depicted in Figure 7.1.
The analysis of the proposed investment plan reveals that 56.63% of the funds are proposed to be
utilized on development schemes for traffic and transportation, followed by Sewerage (13.88%),
Drainage (8.13%), etc.
The investment requirement in proposed infrastructure and services is huge whereas the financial and
managerial capacity of PMC in this regard is limited. Their resources are limited and they are
inadequately-equipped to meet the future demand/challenges. After democratic decentralization of
urban local governments through the BMA, 2007, the range of functions and responsibilities of urban
bodies have broadened, which require additional funds and staff.

Figure 7-1 : Broad Investment share

Considering the financial status and the fact that PMC at present is unable to perform even its existing
duties and functions satisfactorily, the addition of new tasks will place extra burden on it. Therefore,
using the private sector is one of the options available to the local body. Use of public-private
partnerships to finance and manage urban services will enable PMC to re-deploy their staff to perform

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City Development Plan for Patna

the additional duties that are expected to be devolved to them under the Twelfth Schedule of the
Constitution. Thus, these arrangements in provision of basic urban services will not only facilitate the
inflow of private finance for projects requiring huge capital investments, but also bring in competition
between the service providers in order to improve the efficiency, accessibility and quality of services
delivered.
A series of public-private partnerships (PPP) in provision of municipal services have emerged in
different cities and towns. A few examples of such activities are given below:
Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) has contracted out maintenance of street lights, solid waste
removal and transportation, cleaning of public toilets, maintenance of gardens, a forestation etc.
RMC has also undertaken various entertainment projects with the help of private entrepreneurs.
By using the services of the private sector, RMC has been able to save a significant amount of
money and has been able to close the gap between demand and supply by improving service
provision. Huge investments that are needed for acquiring capital equipments such as tractors,
trollies, etc. have now been given over to private contractors. However, RMC has not retrenched
any of its staff but has stopped new recruitment. RMC continues to use its present manpower as
well as equipment in certain areas in the city. This also serves as contingency plan in case of
service disruption due to problems with the private contractors.
In Pali (Rajasthan), the municipal body has given the maintenance of street light to the private
sector. In doing so it has been able to maintain the streetlights at one-fifth the cost it would have
incurred had it maintained the service itself.
Exnora is an NGO in Chennai, started by NRIs to improve civic amenities in Chennai. The NGO
helps in garbage removal not only in well off localities but also in slums. The households pay a
nominal charge of Rs.10 to Rs.20 per month for the service. In the slums, the households pay less
but provide labour instead. Exmore has directly employed rage pickers for garbage removal.
Exmore has been successful in its attempt to help keep the city clean and has extended its services
to many localities in the city.
In Indore in the garden in the roundabouts on city roads are developed and maintained by the local
resident association/market association/community under overall supervision of ward committee.
7.3.3 PROPOSED STRUCTURE AND FUNDING
The potential municipal services for privatization include large scale activities such as solid waste
management or operating a sewerage treatment plant, maintenance of sewerage pumps and water
pumps, meter reading and billing, Road sweeping garbage collection, disposal, maintenance of drains
etc. Whereas areas of minor work include maintaining small parks and gardens, forestation,
maintenance of street lights, cleaning of public toilets, spraying of insecticides in drains etc.

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City Development Plan for Patna

In case of Patna, PPP can be opted, where the Urban Local Body or State Government (because ULB
does not have much available land for development as most of the land is under the control of State
Government and Central Government) provides land and private partner can brings in investment both
for construction-development and operation-maintenance. The operation and maintenance part gets
recovered through the revenue stream and over a period of time on capital investment. Land/ building
which is assumed to be as applicable shall be provided by the ULB/ state government as it shares
towards the capital investment in PPP venture.
It is suggested that among the core municipal functions, collection, transportation and recycling of
solid waste, road sweeping garbage collection, operating a sewerage treatment plant, maintenance of
sewerage pumps and water pumps, meter reading and billing, maintenance of water supply lines,
disposal, maintenance of drains, maintenance of parks and gardens, forestation, maintenance of street
lights, cleaning of public toilets etc. could be contracted out to private sector or community based
organisations. While contracting, ULB can choose whether or not to contract the entire service.
Consultant feels that local contractors should be involved for letting out small contracts as it will also
benefits the local urban economy. This aspect needs to be examined in detail at the DPR stage and an
appropriate financial model to be developed.
Government share: it is proposed that part of water supply, sewerage, drainage, traffic and
transportation, can be funded by the government. Water supply, Sewerage and Drainage are health
and people sensitive. Therefore socio-economic factors are significant.
Willingness to pay
Affordability to pay
Political acceptability
This has a serious impact on public health and hygiene. As essential basic services, the responsibility
of which cannot be ignored by the ULB/Government therefore, it can be funded under various
government schemes or direct funding through budgetary allocation.
Consultant suggests that a combination of Government and PPP structure could be followed over in a
phased time frame. Table 7.7 presents the funding structure proposed for PMC.
Table 7.7 : Funding Agency
S. No. Sectors Funding Structure
1 Electricity Government
2 Street Light Government/PPP
3 Traffic and Transportation Government/PPP
4 Education Government/PPP
5 Health Government/PPP

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6 Fire Services Government

7 Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities Government/PPP
8 Economic Growth of the City Government/PPP
9 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor JV/PPP by involving NGO‟s
10 Environment, Tourism, and Heritage conservation PPP by involving NGO‟s
11 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup Government

7.3.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The following Table 7.8 presents the institutions involved in implementing the identified projects.
Table 7.8 : Institutional Framework
S. No. Sectors Implementing Agency
1 Electricity Electricity Department
2 Street Light PMC/ Pvt. Agency
3 Traffic and Transportation PMC/PWD/Pvt. Agency
4 Education Education Department
5 Health Health Department
6 Fire Services PMC
7 Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities PMC/Pvt. Agency
8 Economic Growth of the City PMC/Pvt. Agency
Housing Board/PMC/Private
9 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor
Agency/PHED/PWD
10 Environment, Tourism, and Heritage conservation PMC/Pvt. Agency
11 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup PMC

7.4 CONCLUSION
By undertaking prudent fiscal measures and reforms the PMC is able to enhance its surplus revenue
from the current level of Rs. 1204 lakhs in 2010-11 to Rs. 12388.47 lakhs in 2015-16. There will be a
total surplus of Rs. 33,249.5 lakh in next five year (2011-12 to 2015-16), which will be around 10%
of the total investment requirement of first five years (Rs. 3301.77/- crore). The total funding
liabilities of ULB/parastatal will be 30% of total investment required as per JNNURM guidelines and
it will be shared by PMC and other parastatal agencies/ lime departments. Therefore, in this scenario
PMC is able to provide its share of funding requirement along with O&M cost of the assets created
under CDP for first five year.
*****

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 Annexure 3.1: Schemes for Urban Poor
There are some targeted programs and schemes for urban poor in India and some important programs
and schemes are discussed below:
Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Basic Services for Urban Poor
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP).
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS),
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Details of all mentioned schemes given below:
1. Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India has
designed an Interest Subsidy Scheme as an additional instrument for addressing the housing needs of
the EWS/LIG segments in urban areas. The Scheme envisages the provision of interest subsidy to
EWS and LIG segments to enable them to buy or construct houses.
Broad Features of the Scheme
Purpose - The Scheme will provide home loan with Central Government subsidy to EWS/LIG
persons for acquisition of house as also for construction of house to such beneficiary, who does not
own a house in his/her name or in the name of his/her spouse or any dependent child. Such
beneficiaries who own land in any urban area but do not have any pucca house in their name or in the
name of their spouse or any dependent child will also be covered under the Scheme.
Eligibility - The economic parameter of EWS is defined as households having an average monthly
income upto Rs.3,300 and the economic parameter of LIG is defined as households having an average
monthly income between Rs.3,301 upto Rs.7,300. This will be subject to revision by the Steering
Committee of the Scheme from time to time.
Loan amount admissible - The scheme will provide a subsidized loan for 15 – 20 years for a
maximum amount of Rs.1,00,000 for an EWS individual for a house at least of 25 sq.mts. Additional
loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized rates. A maximum loan amount of Rs.1,60,000 for a LIG
individual for a house atleast of 40 sq.mts will be admissible. However, subsidy will be given for loan
amount upto Rs. 1 lakh only. Additional loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized rates.
The Nodal agencies for the scheme will be the National Housing Bank (NHB) and Housing & Urban
Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO).

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2. The Basic Services for Urban Poor

Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India designed the
Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) as the Sub Mission-ll of JNNURM, styled as is addressed
exclusively to urban poor living in slum/squatter settlements in cities and towns. This component
focuses on improvement of living conditions of the urban poor by way of providing housing along
with infrastructure, with a view to gradually removing slums/squatter settlements from cities and also
providing security of tenure to the urban poor.
Broad Features of the Scheme
Coverage: The scheme is applicable to all cities and towns as per 2001 Census except cities/ towns
covered under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
Objectives:
Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor in the cities
covered under the Mission.
Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at affordable prices,
improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other
already existing universal services of the Government for education, health and social security.
Care will be taken to see that the urban poor are provided housing near their place of occupation.
Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that the Basic Services
to the Urban Poor created in the cities, are not only maintained efficiently but also become self-
sustaining over time.
Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services to the Urban
Poor.
Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to
urban poor.
Components: The components for assistance under the scheme will include
Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and development of infrastructure projects in the
slums in the identified cities.
Projects involving development/improvement/maintenance of basic services to the urban poor.
Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community toilets/baths, etc.
Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/ urban poor/EWS/LIG categories.
Construction and improvements of drains/storm water drains.
Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste management.

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Street lighting.
Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care centers, etc.
Operation and maintenance of assets created under this component.
Convergence of health, education and social security schemes for the urban poor
Scope of Mission Program:
The main thrust of the sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor will be on integrated
development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic
amenities with a view to provide utilities to the urban poor
Financing Pattern:
Financing of projects under the Mission would be as under:-
Financing of projects
Grant
Category of cities Central State/ULB/Parastatal share, including
Share Beneficiary contribution
Cities with 4 million plus population as per
50% 50%
2001census
Cities with million plus but less than 4
50% 50%
million population as per 2001 census
Cities/towns in North Eastern States 90% 10%
Other Cities 80% 20%
Note: The percentage is on the total project cost.
Beneficiary Contribution
Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of
12% beneficiary contribution should be stipulated, which in the case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other
weaker sections shall be 10%.
3. Integrated Housing & Slum Development Program (IHSDP)
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India designed the
„Integrated Housing & Slum Development Program‟ that aims at combining the existing schemes of
VAMBAY and NSDP under the new IHSDP Scheme for having an integrated approach in
ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers who do not possess adequate shelter and reside
in dilapidated conditions.
Broad Features of the Scheme
Coverage: The scheme is applicable to all cities and towns as per 2001 Census except cities/ towns
covered under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

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Components: The components for assistance under the scheme will include all slum improvement/
upgradation/relocation projects including upgradation/new construction of houses and infrastructural
facilities, like, water supply and sewerage. Cost of land for such projects will not be provided under
the program and has to be borne by the State Government. In case the project is to be undertaken on
private land, which is to be acquired by the State, cost of land may also be part of the project costing
only in the case of North Eastern States and the hilly States of Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and
Jammu & Kashmir
Title of the Land: Title of the land should preferably be in the name of the wife and alternatively
jointly in the names of husband and wife. In exceptional cases, title in the name of male beneficiary
may be permitted.
Ceiling Cost: Ceiling Cost for Dwelling Unit will be @ Rs.80,000 per unit for cities other than those
covered under the Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM). This ceiling cost
will, however, be reviewed after one year. For special category/hilly States and difficult/far flung
areas, 12.5% additionally will be permissible over and above the prescribed ceiling cost per dwelling
unit.
Selection of Beneficiaries: By SUDA/DUDA/ULBs/Government Nodal Agency authorized by the
State Government.
Minimum Floor Area of Dwelling Unit: Not less than 25 sq. mtrs. area and preferably two room
accommodation plus kitchen and toilet should be constructed.
Beneficiary Contribution: Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State
Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution should be stipulated, which in the case of
SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections shall be 10%.
Financing Pattern: The sharing of funds would be in the ratio of 80:20 between Central Government
& State Government/ULB/Parastatal. States/Implementing Agencies may raise their contribution from
their own resources or from beneficiary contribution/ financial institutions.
Admissible Components:
Provision of shelter including up-gradation & construction of new houses.
Provision of community toilets.
Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath, widening
and paving of existing lanes, sewers, community latrines, streetlights, etc.
Community Infrastructure like provision of community centres to be used for pre-school
education, non-formal education, adult education, recreational activities, etc.
Community Primary Health Care Centre Buildings can be provided.

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Social Amenities like pre-school education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity,
child health and Primary health care including immunization, etc.
Provision of Model Demonstration Projects.
Sites and Services/houses at affordable costs for EWS & LIG categories.
Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
Land acquisition cost will not be financed except for acquisition of private land for
schemes/projects in the North Eastern States & hilly States, viz., Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal
and Jammu & Kashmir.
4. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) was launched on 01.12.1997 after subsuming
the earlier three schemes for urban poverty alleviation, namely Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Urban
Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP), and Prime Minister‟s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication
Program (PMIUPEP). The key objective of the Scheme was to provide gainful employment to the
urban unemployed or underemployed through the setting up of self-employment ventures or provision
of wage employment.
Salient Features
Objectives:
Addressing urban poverty alleviation through gainful employment to the urban unemployed or
underemployed poor by encouraging them to set up self-employment ventures (individual or
group), with support for their sustainability; or undertake wage employment;
Supporting skill development and training programs to enable the urban poor have access to
employment opportunities opened up by the market or undertake self-employment; and
Empowering the community to tackle the issues of urban poverty through suitable self-managed
community structures like Neighborhood Groups (NHGs), Neighborhood Committees (NHC),
Community Development Society (CDS), etc.
Coverage: The target population under SJSRY is the urban poor – those living below the poverty
line, as defined by the Planning Commission from time to time.
Components: SJSRY will have five major components, namely-
Urban Self Employment Program (USEP)
Urban Women Self-help Program (UWSP)
Skill Training for Employment Promotion amongst Urban Poor (STEP-UP)
Urban Wage Employment Program (UWEP)
Urban Community Development Network (UCDN)

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Funding Pattern and Financial Procedures: Funding under SJSRY will be shared between the
Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. For Special Category States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
and Uttarakhand) this ratio will be 90:10 between the Centre and States.
Apart from abovementioned schemes for urban poor, there are other schemes for urban poor like
TPDS (Food grain, sugar & kerosene given at subsidized rate to BPL families) and other program of
state governments.
I. Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
In June 1997, the Government of India launched the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
with focus on the poor. Under the TPDS, States are required to formulate and implement fool proof
arrangements for identification of the poor for delivery of food grains and for its distribution in a
transparent and accountable manner at the Fair Price Shop (FPS) level. Under this scheme food grains
are provided to at subsidized rate to BPL families and at market rate (decided by government) to APL
(Above Poverty Line) families
II. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
AAY is a step in the direction of making TPDS aim at reducing hunger among the poorest segments
of the BPL population. A National Sample Survey Exercise points towards the fact that about 5 % of
the total population in the country sleeps without two square meals a day. This section of the
population can be called as “hungry”. In order to make TPDS more focused and targeted towards this
category of population, the “Antyodaya Anna Yojana” (AAY) was launched in December, 2000 for
one crore poorest of the poor families. Under this scheme food grains is provided to the beneficiaries
at a highly subsidized rate of Rs.2/ per kg. for wheat and Rs. 3/ per kg for rice.
Under TPDS the scale of issue of food grains under APL, BPL and AAY has been revised to 35 kg
per family per month with effect from 01.04.2002 with a view to enhancing the food security at the
household level.
III. The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS)
The scheme of Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (EIUS) was formulated as a response to
the growing problem of slums during the Fifth Five Year Plan. The scheme was made an integral part
of the Minimum Needs Program in 1974 (MNP) and was transferred to the State sector. The scheme
aims at ameliorating the living conditions of Urban slum dwellers and envisages provision of drinking
water, drainage, community baths, community latrines, widening and paving of existing lanes, street-
lighting and other community facilities.
The program, Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums through Community Empowerment, aims
at working for a comprehensive community empowerment (human resource empowerment, economic

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empowerment, and environmental empowerment) by engaging communities directly in program

implementation. The program includes the following components:
1. Development of human resources;
2. Organization of poor families into collective business groups;
3. Improvement of improper and sub-standard dwellings;
4. Sanitation improvement
IV. National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) was introduced in the Eight Five Year Plan during
1996-97 with the specific objective of providing basic amenities to slum dwellers in the field of
physical & social amenities, community infrastructure etc. NSDP is a centrally sponsored scheme
meant for the improvement of slums.
Components
Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community baths, widening
and paving of existing taxes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc.
Community infrastructure: Provision of community centres to be used for preschool education,
non-formal education, adult education, recreational activities etc.
Community primary health care centre buildings can be provided (It is proposed that after
creation of infrastructure facilities the concerned Municipalities will seek the support of
Registered Medical Practitioners/Government Doctors in the State/NGOs) CBO/Philanthropic
Associations to man these centres.
Social amenities like preschool education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity, child
health and primary health care including etc.
The scheme will attempt to bring about convergence between schemes being implemented by
different line departments and may also provide missing links, if required.
Provision for shelter: The Scheme must have a component of shelter upgardation or construction
of houses (incl. EWS) as may be regd. This is a necessity if genuine slum improvement is to be
done. Not less than 10% of the allocation to States under this assistance shall be utilised for
construction and up gradation of houses for the urban poor.
States may work out state specific schemes for housing construction/up gradation under this
component subject to the provision that the scheme shall not be an entirely subsidy based scheme
but the funding shall contain a loan component as well, the state scheme shall be first got
sanctioned in a state level project committee which shall be set up for this purpose by the state
govt. concerned and which shall have one representative from the department of UEPA, which is
the nodal Department for this scheme in the GOI.

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Yearly provision under this scheme shall be indicated by the Planning Commission at the beginning
of each financial year. Inter re allocation between states shall be made on the basis of the slum
populations of the states.
The scheme shall be implemented at the grass root level by the neighborhood committees and
community development societies.

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Annexure 3.2: Matrix for Rating the Cities

# Parameter Indicators Category Status Colour Code
for Status
1. Status of
Infrastructure and a. Coverage of Water Supply (in terms of household
Service Delivery connections) i. Less than 10% Alarming
Levels ii. 11 to 30% Below Average
iii. 31 to 50% Average
iv. Above 50% Good
b. Per Capita Availability of Water
i. Less than 40 lpcd Alarming
ii. 41 to 50 lpcd Below Average
iii. 51 to 70 lpcd Average
iv. Above 70 lpcd Good
c. Continuity of Water Supply
i. Less than 1 hr Alarming
ii. 1 to 2 hrs Below Average
iii. 2 to 4 hrs. Average
iv. Above 4 hrs Good
d. Coverage of Individual Toilets
i. Below 40% Alarming
ii. 41 to 50% Below Average
iii. 51 to 60% Average
iv. Above 60% Good
e. Door to Door Collection of Solid Waste
i. Less than 20% Alarming
ii. 21 to 40% Below Average
iii. 41 to 60% Average
iv. Above 60% Good

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# Parameter Indicators Category Status Colour Code

for Status
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste (by area)
i. Less than 40% Alarming
ii. 41 to 60% Below Average
iii. 61 to 70% Average
iv. Above 70% Good
2. Financial
Management a. Operating Ratio
i. Less than 1 Alarming
ii. Equal to 1 Average
iii. Above 1 Good
b. Growth in Revenue Income
i. Less than 1% Alarming
ii. 1 to 5% Below Average
iii. 5 to 15% Average
iv. Above 15% Good
3. Poverty Level
a. % of Below Poverty Line (BPL) Population
v. Above 40% Alarming
vi. 21 to 40% Below Average
vii. 10 to 20% Average
viii. Less than 10% Good
4. Organization
Structure a. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff,
competency level of existing staff for implementing Alarming
proposed projects Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
5. Leadership
a. Leadership quality, awareness and understanding

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# Parameter Indicators Category Status Colour Code

for Status
regarding urban sector, proactive approach for Alarming
implementing reform measures Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
6. Economic
Development a. Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital
Potential and other cities, status of existing infrastructure Alarming
Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
7. Environment
Sustainability a. Status of Environment, quality of water, air,
Alarming
Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
8. Participation
a. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen
Forums/Welfare Association in municipal affairs Alarming
Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
9. Compliance with
Reforms a. Status of reform implementation and preparedness for
implementation Alarming
Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
Source: SPUR TAST

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 ANNEXURE 4.1: PROCEEDINGS OF KICK-OFF
WORKSHOPS AND OTHER CONSULTATIONS

A.1 Kick-off Workshop/Meeting with Standing Committee Member

The objective of the Kickoff Workshop was to familiarize the key stakeholders such as ward
councilor, officials from various other line departments, and representatives of community based
organisations and civil society organisations etc. with the purpose, process and expected outcomes of
the CDP and build enthusiasm, understanding and commitment to the CDP. The Kick-off workshop
with all stakeholders could not be organised due some reason and therefore it was decided to organise
a meeting with the member of standing committee of PMC and one to one consultation with other
stakeholders.
The meeting with Standing Committee members along with some other ward councilors was oriented
towards deriving a consensus among the stakeholders on firming the process and agreeing upon a
structured program to take the CDP forward, presentation of the critical sector for detail analysis and
ratification of critical sector for further analysis.
As articulated in the ToR, the meeting was organised on 13th April 2011 at PMC Office. Participants
were invited by the Mayor, PMC on request of the consultant. This section presents the proceeding of
meeting conducted by the consulting team.
A2. List of Participants
Along with the members of standing committee, some other ward councilors also participated in the
meeting. .
A.3. The Handouts
The handouts of presentation and the understanding of the CDP were distributed to the participants.
These handouts were given to stakeholders before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could
read and understand the process of CDP preparation.
A.4 Proceedings of the Workshop
The main aim of the meeting was to familiarize the stakeholders with the purpose, process and
expected outcomes of the CDP, and build enthusiasm, understanding and commitment to the CDP.
The initial meeting helped the team in deriving the consensus along with the stakeholders firming the
process and agreeing upon a structured programme to take the CDP forward. The members of
steering group were announced. Sectors requiring immediate attention were identifies and prevailing
issues were discussed.
The meeting started with the introduction of ICT team to all the participants by Mr. Shekhar Suman,
Cluster Coordinator, SPUR TAST. The consulting team explained the process of CDP to all
participants.

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The identified sectors requiring immediate attention were presented and discussed with participants.
Participants took active participation and also did value additiion by detailing out the issues related to
the identified sectors.
The consulting team explained the broad stages of City Development Plan as mentioned below:
Process of preparing a City Development Plan
Assessment of the city and analysis of the existing situation
Development of a Vision for the city
Working on Strategies
City Investment Plan and Financing Strategies
A5. Presentation of Preliminary Issues and Critical Sectors
After field visit and study of secondary data, the consultant identified the following some critical
sectors. The following issues related to these critical sectors were presented to the participants:
Inadequate water supply system
Inadequate sewer system
Inadequate drainage system
Water logging due to segregated drainage system especially eastern part
Inadequate electricity supply
Inadequate street lights
Inadequate mechanism of solid waste management
Undeveloped landfill site
Traffic congestion
Lack of housing for poor
Lack of recreational places
A6. Issues Raised During Workshop
After giving the orientation on the CDP and presenting the identified key issues, the participants were
asked to talk on the issue which they feel need to be addressed in the City Development Plan. Most of
the participants agreed on the issues presented by consultant. During the workshop it was suggested
by all that the consultant should see all wards physically to have the in-depth understanding of above
mentioned issues. The participants expressed their concerns over implementation of JNNURM project
in Patna city. They were unsatisfied with the long time taken in the implementation of JNNURM
project on Water supply, solid waste, drainage etc. They told that most the city issues could be
addressed if all projects prepared under JNNURM are implemented properly. The following issues
were emerged out of the discussion:
Lack of basic infrastructure in the city

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Water supply not available in the whole city

Water pipe line are old and defunct
Industries should be developed in the city
Inadequate employee in the PMC
There should be monitoring committee comprising the PMC elected representative to oversee the
project implementation in PMC area for all projects
Inadequate parks and recreational places in Patna city
Open and haphazard electricity wiring in the city
Inadequate employee in PMC having engineering background
Inadequate electricity supply
Drinking water mixed with drainage wastewater due to leakage in pipe line
Inadequate roads in city
Hap hazard traffic system
Narrow roads
No proper housing and basic amenities for urban poor
Encroachment on roads
Lack of cleanliness in city
Problem of water logging
Inadequate Streetlight
Addition of new wards in old Patna city
Inadequate drainage
Inadequate sewerage
Problem of Solid waste
90% of the area does not have water supply lines
There should be one ward office in every ward

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Photographs Meeting with Member of Standing Committee

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A.7 Steering Committee

The steering committee included members of the standing committee and the key stakeholder and was
formed in consultation with them and on the bases of one to one interaction. The list of steering
committee members were discussed during the meeting and ratified by the participants. The names/
designations of the steering committee member are given in Table 5.1. The name of eminent citizen
and representative of NGO will be finalized at later stage of City Development Plan Preparation.

Table 7.9 : List of Steering Group Members

S. No. Name/Designation
1 Mr. Afzal Imam, Mayor, Patna Municipal Corporation
2 Mr. Vinay Kumar Pappu, Deputy Mayor, Patna Municipal Corporation
3 Sanjay Kumar Singh, Member Standing Committee
4 Pinki Yadav, Member Standing Committee
5 Md. Mahmood Quarashi, Member Standing Committee
6 Representative of NGO
7 Eminent Citizen 1
8 Eminent Citizen 2
9 Eminent Citizen 3
10 Eminent Citizen 4

A.8 OTHER CONSULTATION

The CDP would emerge out of the inputs provided by the local stakeholders. Apart from meeting with
members of the Standing Committee, other stakeholders were also consulted during the initial filed
visit. All stakeholders were met for possible dates and places of meeting and the concept of CDP and
purpose of meeting was indicated to them. On the appointed date and time the Consultants carried out
the consultations, including focus group discussions with shopkeepers, market association members,
and other stakeholders at a number of places. The participants shared their ideas, views to discuss the
problems and to come out with solutions. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been
given below:
1. Vishnu Aggarwal, Mota Bhai Sari Wala, Cloth
Businessman, Hathwa Market/ Mukesh Jain,
Executive Member, Chambers of Commerce
Hathua market is 62 years old and has shops related to cloth,
electronic, jewelry, grocery etc. In this market there are 58
shops.

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Issues
 Traffic congestion
 Encroachment on roads
 Inadequate electricity supply to run any business
 Haphazard development of colonies at city periphery without any proper planning

2. Surender Prasad Gupta, Khaitan Market

Issues:
 Inadequate electricity supply
 Inadequate roads
 Inadequate water supply
3. Ranjit Singh, Secretary, Khaitan Super Market
Owner Association
Market is mainly deal in wholesale and retail cloth business.
There are around 400 shops in the market.
Issues:
 There is problem of security in the market
 Lack of cleanliness in the market
 Good road connectivity with other part of city
4. Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Shankar Gupta, Kumar
Roshan, Salesmen, Khaitan Super Market:
Issues:
 Lack of proper parking space in the market
 Link roads connecting market with main road are
narrow
 No toilet facility in the market
 No proper maintain ace of the market

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 Insufficient arrangement of security

 Drain in market area het chocked during rainy season
 No power back-up in the market
5. Ramchander Prasad, Bottle Cap Shop, Khaitan
Super Market
Issues:
Presently there are no issues in running business in Patna as such, except some inadequacies related to
infrastructure and services.
6. Rajesh Kumar, Vegetable seller (Mussallampur, Bazar samiti)
Status/Problems:
 This bazar samiti is managed by Private Committee
(Mahto zati sansthan).
 Well managed market.
 Facilities like electricity, drainage, public toilet, solid
waste collection and platform for vegetable seller is
available.
 For each platform Rs.5 is charged by same caste(Mahto caste) and Rs.7 by other caste.
7. Mahendra Prasad, Vegetable seller (Mussallampur, Bazar samiti)
Status/Problems:
 This bazar samiti is managed by Private Committee
(Mahto zati sansthan).
 Well managed market.
 Facilities like electricity, drainage, public toilet, solid
waste collection and platform for vegetable seller is
available.
 For each platform Rs.5 is charged.
8. Mahesh kumar Mahto, Vegetable seller (Mussallampur, Bazar samiti)
Status/Problems:
 Managed by Private Committee (Mahto zati sansthan).
 Well managed market.
 Facilities like electricity, drainage, public toilet, solid
waste collection and platform for vegetable seller is
available.
 For each platform Rs.5 is charged.

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9. Mithlesh Prasad, Shopkeeper (Mussallampur, Opposite Bazar samiti, Ward No-48)

Status/Problems:
 Solid waste generated mainly from vegetable market is
not properly collected. Amount of solid wastes
generated is so high that one time collection of solid
waste is not sufficient, at least collection should be
twice a day.
 Encroachment by street vendors creates chaos in market,
major jams and a disturbance in the market is due to un-organised vendors.
 Drains get chawked due to solid wastes and causes water logging.
 Cleaning of drains is done once in a year.
 Street lights are not functional; otherwise condition of electricity is quite good.
 There is no rickshaw stand; therefor rickshaw poolers park their rickshaw on road causes
disturbance in traffic.
10. Thakur Chandra shekhar singh, Student (Boring rod)
Status/Problems:
 City bus do not cover every part of Patna and frequency is
also not good mainly going for old Patna area.
 All the major colleges and hospitals are in the area of
Patna market but road is narrow and one which creates
problem in movement in that area.
 This area lacks in open space like park.
11. Md. Yushuf, Shopkeeper (Patna market, Ward No-24)
Status/Problems:
 Light fluctuation in the market is more frequent.
 All the major colleges and hospitals are in this area but road is
narrow as compare to traffic and there is no divider resulting
traffic jam.
 This road is one way which has drastically reduced the customer
in this area; it should be both way because all the major facilities
are in this area.
 Water supply is present but pressure of water is very low.
12. Raju, Shopkeeper (Patna market, Ward No-24)
Status/Problems:

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 Light fluctuation in the market is more frequent.

 This road is one way which has drastically reduced the
customer in this area; even rickshaw, auto,etc are not
allowed in this area.. It should be both way because all
the major facilities are in this area.
 Drain on GM Road is partially constructed and it‟s on
halt since long time resulting in traffic jam.
 Timing of solid waste collection by municipality is
wrong. They collect the solid wastes around 9-10 AM,
which is prime time for school, college and office
employee movement, due to this there is more traffic
jam and hindrance in traffic movement. Solid waste
should be collected early in the morning.
13. Siv Shankar Prashad, Shopkeeper (Kadam kuan, Bangle market)
Status/Problems:
 Solid wastes are not properly collected.
 Rest all facilities are ok.

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Annexure 4.2 Visioning Exercise

A1. Introduction
After presenting the city profile and discussion on city profile with stakeholders, a brief presentation
was made to participant about the city vision. City profile presentation was also a part of a visioning
exercise as knowledge of existing status of city would help people to think about their dream city for
horizon year 2030.

A2. List of Participants

All ward councilor along other eminent citizens were invited for the visioning workshops. The
workshop was organised circle-wise. The city is divided into four administrative circles viz.
Kankarbagh Circle, Bankipur Circle, NCC Circle and Patna City Circle. The workshop were
organized during three days from 22ndJune 2011 to 24ndJune 2011. The attendance sheets of 2nd
workshop have been attached in the last section of this annexure.

A3. The Handouts- Vision And Mission Statement

The handouts of presentation were distributed to the participants. These handouts were given to
participants before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could read and understand the city
visioning excercise. Copy of handouts is alos attached in the last section of this annexure.

A4. Content Of The Workshop

The workshop started with the welcome note of Mayor PMC, and the introduction of ICT team to all
the participants. The Consultants explained the importance and scope of vision workshop. The vision
of the city was developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its strengths,
potential issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The visioning exercise
involved consultation with various stakeholders, which gives the pulse of people‟s thinking.
To know the real issues and potential of the town an open discussion was thrown. After a long
discussion various issues and potentials of the town came out with local acceptance of solution for
some problems.

A5. City Vision

A vision is a statement of where town/ study area aspires to go, within a given timeframe. The vision
is developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its strengths, potential
issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The aim was to have most

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desirable public-private and community participation and a spirit of ownership and sense of belonging
with pride among its citizens and to arrive at an overall „vision‟ to develop the town area as a ideal
habitat. It is an exercise required to be conducted in order to define the broad directions for future
development of study area. The visioning exercise involved consultation with various stakeholders,
which gives the pulse of people‟s thinking.
The main aim of this workshop was to present the city profile in terms of status assessment of existing
situation to the stakeholders groups and take their views for developing a collective and shared vision
for the city.
Ground Truth and Parameters for Developing the City Vision
In the visioning exercise, the consulting team carried out detail study and review of „As Is‟ situation,
strengths & opportunities of the city and other relevant factors for consideration of sustainable
growth.
Handout of the same were also distributed to all participants. Then a presentation on city vision was
presented and some sample vision statement were presented to the stakeholders to give them idea of
visioning excercise. Development indicators were given to the stakeholders during the consultations
and discussions.
 Access to basic amenities and physical & social infrastructure
facilities
 Provision of housing to poor
 Safeguarding natural and build Environment and Heritage
 Revival of industries
CITY VISION  Employment generating economy
CONCERNS  Affordable transport infrastructure
 Reliable, accountable / transparent, and responsive system
of governance for the management of city infrastructure
 Inter-Agency co-ordination
 Tourism Development and Heritage conservation

Driving Factors of Visioning Exercise

Considering the facts and parameters outlined above, the city vision has been developed applying two
key driving factors. These are:
Driving Factor 1: How do we want our city to be in the next 20 years?
 Adequate Basic Urban Services at Affordable Rates
 Preserving heritage, tradition, culture and ethos
 Environment friendly, and socially integrated
 Attending to aspirations of Urban Poor, children, youth, old and women
 Sustainable city service system

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 Economic Development
Driving Factor 2: What are priority areas?
• Water & Sanitation
• Sewerage & Drainage
• Solid Waste Management
• Economic development in terms of industrial development
• Transportation
• Power
• Parks, Playgrounds, Leisure/Social Facilities
• Housing for all
• Environment and Heritage
• Others

Vision for Patna City

It was found in the process that in-spite of all efforts of Consultants it was difficult for some of the
participants to give any single statement for vision rather they told their concerns as they felt and if
these concerns are met then their vision is fulfilled. Some of the vision statements are directly given
by participants after expressing their concern and some are compiled by Consultants by combining all
the issues/ concerns raised by participants. Therefore, all the concerns expressed by participants are
given below followed by a vision statement.

Md. Afzal Imam (Mayor, PMC)

Issues:

In whole city around 75% water supply pipe

line is old and not working properly, they
area at higher depth from road surface. So,
new water supply pipe line should be laid
down and OHTs should be made to solve the
water problem of city.
Proper consolidated drainage plan should be
made as accordance with slope and road
surface, with proper inlet and out let and

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drains should have proper capacity to drain out the waste water even generated during rainy
season.
For solving the traffic and congestion problem there is need of mono rail and high capacity road
along Ganga River starting from eastern limit of PMC to Danapur in west.
There should be proper river font development and marine drive should be made starting from
eastern limit of PMC to Danapur in west, in between at some suitable places few ghats can be
developed on the base of Ganga ghats in Varanashi and Ganga arti can be done to attract the
religious tourism, also some recreational parks/ joggers park/ millennium park etc can be
developed at suitable places for attracting the recreational tourists. This river front development
will not only attract the tourist but will help in solving transportation problem in the city.
There is need of at least 2-3 flyovers over the Ganga river, only Gandhi setu pool is not enough to
cater the traffic in and out Patna.
To control the power theft and loss underground cabling of electric wire is needed.
Education and heritage tourism should be developed in the city.

Vision, “A well planned and managed city that provide all basic infrastructure with a focus on
education and tourism in an environmental friendly manner by developing the river front.

Sri Vinay Kumar (Dypt. Mayor, PMC)

Issues:
Drainage and water supply is major problem of
city.
Balsahi pan is main drain and day by day it is
getting filled so its renovation is needed.
Drainage is major problem of this area. From
Anisabad mod through Mithapur to Pahari
there should be high capacity pucca drain parallel to bypass in north side with service road and
lastly this drain will drain out in Balsahi pan. This will solve the major drainage problem of city.
To control the power theft and loss underground cabling of electric wire is needed.
Proper consolidated drainage plan should be made as accordance with slope and road surface,
with proper inlet and out let and drains should have proper capacity to drain out the waste water
even generated during rainy season.

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Nagar Nigam does not have effective process and power for removing the encroachment on the
roads, so strict regulation should be made and Nigam should be given strong power regarding
this.
Road along Ganga River as marine drive from eastern most ward of Patna to Danapur will solve
the major problem of traffic in city.
Internal roads do not have street lights, so there need of street lights in this ward.

Vision, “A city that provide all basic infrastructure and services to all its citizen with a special
focus on solving traffic problems of city by developing a marine drive road along Ganga River.”

EO, Kankarbagh Circle

Issues:
Water logging is major problem due to no proper drainage system, drains are not having proper
outlet and covered drains do not have proper inlet from road, which causes water logging in this
area.
Water supply is also problem, there is no regular
cleaning of water tanks and maintenance of these
OHT and there is mixing of drinking water with
drain water due to broken water pipe line at some
places.
Electricity supply is not regular, there is
fluctuation and frequent power cut in this area.

Vision, “A city that is free from water logging and provides safe drinking water and electricity
to its citizen.”

EO, Bankipur Circle

Issues:

Sewerage and drainage system is very old in this

area and is broken at many places causes mixing
with drinking water, it is not sufficient for
existing population.
At Krishna ghat sewage and waste water is

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directly falling into Ganga River without any treatment, which is polluting the Ganga River.
In this area encroachment is maximum along the road side.
PMC does not have effective process and power for removing the encroachment on the roads, so
strict regulation should be made and it should be given strong power regarding this.
There is no pollution control regulation which can control the pollution of Ganga River and city.
Wastage of water is maximum in the city, there is no meter connection and provision for water
tariff on the domestic use, these causes wastage of water and more input of waste water in drains,
because of this some area do not get water, some has low water pressure and some are flooded
with waste water.
Water supply is responsibility of PMC but on pump house there is no municipal staff for
operation and maintenance.
Vision, “A city with integrated sewerage, drainage and water supply system that is not polluting
the Ganga River and provide good governance.”

EO, NCC Circle

Issues:
Drainage and water supply is major problem of
city.
Bakarganj nala is old and need to be renovated.
In Mithapur sump house connection is faulty.
Gardanibag to Chitkohra main drain is chocked
so its cleaning is very necessary.
A proper drain from Balmichak-Harmichak to
Beur jail is very important.
Ward no-1 is very problematic ward, there is no drain, water logged area is more in this area.
Balsahi pan is main drain and day by day it is getting filled so its renovation is needed.
To reduce the load of S.P.Verma road sump covered drain connecting to Manjiri nala is required.
In ward no-23 at many places drains are needed, in this area drains are piecemeal.
Manjiri nala need to be cleaned and should be concrete
Anandpuri drain needs to be concrete because it will give additional road to the area and reduce
the pressure of main road.
Vision, “A city that provides integrated drainage system that is based on city level slope.”

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EO, Patna City Circle

Patna city is the older Patna city; it is also call city of
streets. In this area road width is very narrow and
there is very less scope for road widening.
Drains are encroached and resulted into water
logging in many areas. Drainage is major problem of
the city.
There is a provision of ring road but yet it is not
approved. Ring road will solve major traffic jam in
the city.
Road along Ganga river as marine drive from eastern most ward of Patna to Danapur will solve
the major problem of traffic in city.
Industry functioning in old Patna should be provided facilities from government. Lot of people
are earning their livelihood from these household industries and if government assistance is
provided then these industries can flourish further.

Vision, “A city that provides all basic infrastructure and services to its citizen with a focus on
assisting the already functional huge small and medium level industries in the old Patna city.”

As suggested by the mayor, deputy mayor and respective executive officers that the consultant should
also visit the ward city area with some selected ward councilors to have the empirical observation of
city problems, the consultant conducted filed visits of all parts of Patna city with some ward
councilors. The same ward councilors were also presented in the workshop. Their views about city
vision have been presented here. The vision developed through these field observations and
consultation as given below:

Sri Deepak Kumar Chaurasiya (Ward no-2)

Issues:
Drainage, SWM and Water supply are the major
problem of this area.
Vendors resettlement is very important to solve the
problem of traffic congestion. Parking is major
issue.

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Masterplan should be notified on priority basis to control the haphazard development.

Revenue generation capacity of PMC is very less so it should be strengthen.
Previously it was in panchayat, 9 years ago it was included in PMC so basic infrastructure is very
less in this ward. Only 25% area has water supply connection. Most of the area do not have proper
drain.
In Gandhinagar and Nepali nagar there is no water supply pipe line, drains and proper road.

Vision, “A city that resolve the problem of basic infrastructure and street vendors with the
implementation of master plan to regulate the development.”

Smt. Sudha Devi (Ward no-3)

Issues:
It is totally rural in nature, most backward area, most
of the slums are in this area.
Drainage, water supply and internal road are in very
bad condition.
In lalu nagar, Prakash nagar, Sabri nagar, Jalalpur,
Dhanaury and Mushhari drainage condition is very
bad, they are water logged area, slum area, very
unhygienic condition.
Internal roads are in very bad condition.

Vision, “A slim free city that provide all basic

infrastructures”

Smt. Abha Lata (Ward no-4)

Issues:
From shekhpura through Shivpuri to Bihar rajya
chayan parishad there is need of concrete high
capacity drain to solve the drainage problem of that
area and all piecemeal drains should be integrated and
connected to main drain.
In Rajabazar Shekhpura, water supply is major
problem, in maximum households water supply pipe

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line is either very old or they do not have connection, they are facing major problem of drinking
water.
Internal road of Shekhpura and some of the areas of this ward is very narrow and not in good
condition.
In this area slum pockets are more, these slum area
need basic facilities, they are in very unhygienic
condition.
Khajpura, Jagdev path and Mushhari area is water
logged area.
Vision, “A city that provide infrastructure and services
in an integrated manner and not in isolation.”

Smt. Pramila Singh (Ward no-7)

Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water, integrated drainage system and god
roads.”

Smt. Sunita Kumari (Ward no-8)

Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water and good integrated drainage system.”

Smt. Arti Devi and Sri Sugamber ji (Ward no-9)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem, drains are in piecemeal, Kaushal nagar near airport, Zoo area and
Governor house area is most water logged area. Main drain should be renovate and properly
connected to outlet.
All VIP area is in this ward but water logging is frequent in this area.
Due to old pipe line water supply is also major problem.
Internal roads in outer area is not in good condition.

Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water, integrated drainage system and god
roads.”

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Dr. Gopal Prasad (Ward no-13)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem of this area. From
Anisabad mod through Mithapur to Pahari there
should be high capacity pucca drain parallel to
bypass in north side with service road and lastly
this drain will drain out in Balsahi pan. This will
solve the major drainage problem of city.
There should be proper drainage from road no-10 Yarpur through Gardanibag road no-21,
Bhikhachak nala road to Vishnupur road no-30 and lastly it should be connected to main drain. It
will solve major drainage problem of this area.
In Gardanibag, after removal of encroachment a mini sports complex or stadium can be made.
There is government land in ward no-11 near Beur jail, on that sports complex can be made.
In 80% area of this ward there is no water supply pipe line and rest 20% area has old pipe line
which is broken at many places. So water supply is also major problem of this area. Minimum 3
boring is need with OHT.
There is no any public stand post and public toilet in this area.
Internal roads are not in good condition, 60% road is un metaled.
On road no-15 in Gardanibag there is a library which has sufficient space; this can be developed
as center for study and can be equipped with recent technology for students which do not have
facilities for study and meritorious students.
South of bypass in ward no-11 unplanned development is more and these area have no proper
drains and water supply, in coming future this will create major drainage problem in the surround
area. So, there should be planned development in new areas.
From Digh to Khagaul Luckh there is a drain but not in good condition, this drain can be properly
developed.
In Chamar toli all slums are totally lacking basic infrastructure so slum redevelopment is needed
in this area.

Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure along with recreational facilities.”

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Smt. Urpramila and Sri Saket ji (Ward no-15)

Issues:
Drainage and water supply is major problem. From
Karbigahia to Anishabad mod there is need of
proper high capacity drain. Yarpur area is in very
poor condition, it is water logged area and SWM is
very bad.
Water supply is major problem in this area, all pipe
lines are old and at higher depth below surface, blocked by silts at many places pipe lines are
broken.
Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system.”

Sr. Mukesh Kumar (Ward no-17)

Issues:
Water supply is major problem in this area, all pipe
lines are old and at higher depth below surface,
blocked by silts at many places pipe lines are
broken. There is one pump house and it is non-
operational.
Drainage is also major problem, drains are
piecemeal and in many places there is no drain.
Internal road condition is not good.
Slum population is high and there is no infrastructure in slum area, they lacks in water supply,
public toilet, etc.

Vision, “A slum free city that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system.”

Sri Baleshwar Singh (Ward no-18)

Issues:
There is sever problem of water supply in this
ward, water supply pipe line is very old and
defund, it is broken at many places resulting
contamination of drinking water with drain water
and there is no OHT. So, there is need of

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establishment of new water supply pipe line and OHTs for proper supply of water in whole area.
Drainage condition is very bad; there are so many open man wholes and faulty drains, so there is
need of pucca drains and its proper connection to main drain.
Internal roads do not have street lights, so there need of street lights in this ward.
Internal roads are very narrow and encroached, so road widening is necessary for proper
movement of traffic.
There is lack of community hall and educational facilities.

Vision, “A that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system along with
community facilities.”

Smt. Sneha Kumari and Sri Sanjeev Kumar (Ward no-19)

Issues:
Water supply and its quality is major problem in this area, water tank is 40 years old, they are old
and damaged, water pumps are also very old and not giving water with pressure, pipe lines are
broken at many places resulting mixing of drains and drinking water. Maximum areas do not have
pipe line. There are 2 water pumps but due to faulty boring that give more air than water.
Drainage is also main problem of this area and due to this Yarpur area, Jogiatoli, Mushhari,
Ambedkar colony; Khagaul road, Mithapur B area, etc suffer water logging. There are sump
house in Mithapur and Khagaul road area but due to technical fault it do not pump out water.
Many areas have very poor condition of roads.
Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water, good drainage system and good roads.”

Smt. Amrita Singh (Ward no-21)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem of this area, S.K.Puri is
VIP area but drainage condition is very poor resulting
water logging.
There are 12 hand pumps but only 6 is operational
rest are defund, operation and mentainance of public
facilities are very poor.
Solid waste management is also big problem of this area, staffs are insufficient for solid waste
management in each ward.
In Kamla Nehru Nagar and Adalat Ganj solid waste, drainage and water supply problem is high.

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Patna should be developed as Industrial and Tourist city of Bihar.

Vision, “An industrial and tourist city with all basic infrastructure.”

Smt. Prabha Devi (Ward no-23)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem, most of the drains are over flowing, and they are in piecemeal.
In this area there is no community hall, park, sump hose, pump house, etc.
Internal road condition is very bad.
Water supply is not good and not reaching at each household.

Vision, “A slum free city that provides potable drinking water, good drainage system, water abd
community facilities.”

Sri Ashok Kumar (Ward no-25)

Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure and services to its citizen.”

Sri Mithlesh Kumar Sinha (Ward no-26)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem, drains are open, solid
wastes are disposed in drains, drains are chawked,
resulting over flow and causing water logging.
Electric wires are open and very dangerously hanging
near the houses; there should be underground cabling
of electric wires.
No park and no Pump house.
Vision, “A city that provide good drainage system, safety and recreational places.”

Smt. Pinki Yadav and Sri. Sujit Yadav (Ward No-31)

Issues:
Ward which is along the bypass is not having water
supply pipe line and other area have very old and
defund pipe lines, so there is need of establishment of
new proper water supply network in this area.

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Drainage is major problem, at many places covered drains are made at the higher level of road
surface and there is no provision of inlet from road surface to drain, resulting water logging on the
road and causes degradation of road.
Encroachment on the road is frequent and new colonies are developing in haphazard manner.
Bahadurpur housing colony in ward no-46 has very bad condition of drainage and have very deep
open man wholes which is very dangerous.
There are 5 pump houses but since pipe lines are older so they do not bear the pressure and bursts
at many places resulting mixing of drinking water with drain water.
There is need of primary health center in this area.
Under JNNURM city bus has to start in the PMC so for their proper and effective circulation
roads widths of various roads should be increased, and encroachment over the road should be
removed.
There should be proper vendor zones so that encroachment on the road can be reduced.

Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen, rehabilitation of street vendors
and implementation of JNNURM projects.”

Sri Tota Chawdhary (Ward No-32)

Issues;
Drainage is the major problem, there is no drain in
Changar and Jaganpura, in this area there is also
major problem of water supply.
There is culvert at Nandlal Chapra mod in which
waste water from Kankarbagh area comes and
goes to Balshahi pan, but due to culvert it causes
back wash flow and resulting water stagnation and
during rainy season totally area get water logged. So there is need of sump house in this area.
Area developing around Balshahi pan is unplanned and there is no any drains in that area, in
coming future this area will cause water logging not only in their area but will also worsen the
water logging condition of surrounding. So, there should be controlled regulation and planned
development
Unplanned development is causing major problem in PMC area. Illegal development is also very
prominent in the area.

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There is need of high capacity pucca drain all along parallel to railway line towards north.
Culvert near Jaganpura should be totally renovated.
In ward no-32 and 33 there is high encroachment of internal roads by residents, 60 feet road has
narrow down to 30 feet road.
Jaganpura mod to J-Sector Ajay market road is totally encroached and there is no drain, so there
should be provision of drains and road widening in this area.
There is a space near colony mod and tempo stand on the drain, it can be used as vendors area for
ward no-34.
Road connecting to Rajendra flyover and bypass is not connected properly because of the
construction of few houses in between. This road is completed from both sides and its width is
around 90 feet.
Vision, “A well planned city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

Smt. Satyabhama sing and Sri. Subhas singh (Ward no-33)

Issues:
Water logging and Drainage is the major problem of the city. Generally this Kankarbagh area get
water logged or submerges in water not only due to water of Kankarbagh area but the area north
of it contributes much more. Rain water of Patna
junction area and Bankipur anchal area north of
railway line enters in to the Kankarbagh area and since
Knkarbagh area is at lower elevation so its water and
surrounding water causes flooding in this area.
To resolve this problem there is need of high capacity
pucca drain from western limit of city along railway
line through Patna railway junction, Dhanki mord to
Pahari sump house which will take care of all the drained water north of railway line and no waste
water will enter into the Kankarbagh area. Secondly, from Anishabad to Didarganj flyover along
the bypass towards north there is urgent need of high capacity pucca drain and a parallel service
road north of that drain. This will solve the problem of drainage not only of Kankarbagh area but
also of maximum part of PMC and traffic congestion and accident on the bypass.
Renovation of Balsahi pan is most important and there should be high capacity sump house on
that, so that drain water can be pump out over the safety bund in to the Punpun river. This will
solve the problem of water logging north and south of bypass.

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In this area all infrastructures was established before 1960 and after that no renovation and proper
maintenance took place, so all problem is arising due to in sufficient carrying capacity of
established infrastructure and its O&M.
New development coming in the Kankarbagh circle is in haphazard manner which is having very
narrow inner roads, no drains and no proper water supply, so there should be some regulation to
control the irregular development and make the development in planned manner.
Vision, “A well planned with city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen along with
good governance.”

Smt. Ashadevi (Ward no-35)

Issues:
Water supply and its quality is major problem in this area, water tank is 40 years old, they are old
and damaged, water pumps are also very old and not giving water with pressure, so there is need
of new OHTs and few new boring for proper supply of drinking water.
Water pipe lines are very old and around 15 to 20 feet below the surface, so taking connection
from these old pipe lines are not feasible and these are full of silt also. Therefor new pipe line
network should be established.
The water supply network should be interlinked in such a way that if one water pump do not
function for some days then that area can get water from other pump.
Drainage is also major problem in this area.
Vision, “A city that provides water supply and drainage system.”

Sri Arun Kumar Chawdhary (Ward 36)

Issues:
Water supply is major problem of this area, all
pipe lines are old and broken at many places
resulting supply of dirty water. Mainly in
Luhanipur and Laljitola water supply is very
dirty.
Drainage is also major problem of this area. In
this area West Luhanipur, Hunter road, Devi sthan, etc are main water logged area. Drains of
these areas are totally chawked. Drainage system of this area is totally collapsed.
Street light poles exist but most of the street lights are non-functional due to lack of operation and
maintenance.

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This area is totally rural in nature, internal roads are very narrow and in very poor condition.
Vision, “A city that provides water supply, drainage, street light and internal roads.”

Jyoti Gupta (Ward no-37)

Issues:
Drainage and water supply is major problem in this area. Bakarganj nala is main drain and it is
full of silt and solid wastes, there is need of renovation of these drains and it should be covered,
encroachment over the drain should be removed.
In many areas there are no any water supply pipe lines, pipe lines area very old in maximum area
resulting breakage of pipes and mixing of drinking water with drains.
Due to un-availability of parking facilities and encroachment on the roads traffic jam in
Bakarganj, Daldali and other commercial area is frequent.
Solid waste management is in poor state.
Vision, “A well planned with city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

Smt. Poonam Verma (Ward no-38)

Isssues:
Drainage is major problem, maximum drains are choked and of low capacity, there are 200
manholes which are 20 feet deep so cleaning is very big problem.
Most of the area is water logged. Kadam kuan area is low land and water logging is major
problem of that area, in Daldali drain constructed is faulty and it is causing water logging in this
area.
Main water logged area is Kadam Kuan, Daldali, Thakurwari Road, Dariapur, Rajendra path,
Nawal Kishore path, Janak Kishore path, Park road, Buddha murti chawk, Baldev shahai path,etc.
Except Kadam Kuan area all area has old pipe line established during 1937, maximum are defund,
broken at many places and filled with silt. Due to this water supply is major problem.
There are 2 pump house, one at Machaligali and second is at Sabzi mandi. Both are non fuctional
and giving silt.
Street light poles exist but most of the street lights are non-functional due to lack of operation and
mentainence.
There is lack of primary health and education facilities.
Due to shortage of man power for solid waste management, solid wastes are creating problem.
Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

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Sri Sanjay Kumar (Ward no-39)

Issues:
In this area new pump was established but it started to
give muddy water, due to this it was closed.
There should be integrated water supply system in the
city. A new water supply network should be established
in whole city because old pipe lines are at higher depth
and full of silts.
Vision, “A city that provides potable drinking water to its citizen.”

Smt. Shahjadi Begam and Md. Taufique (Ward no-40)

Issues:
Major problem is of supply water, in most of the area supply water do not come with pressure and
in places pipeline is present but there is no water supply.
At many places there are big man wholes which are very dangerous.
Opposite to Anjuman Islamia Hall there is big PRDA land which can be developed as park.
Drainage and water supply is major problem.
Vision, “A city that provides water supply, drainage and recreational facilities.”

Sri Arjun Kumar Yadav (Ward no-41)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem of this area, in Krishna ghat
there is a sump house but due to any cause if it stops
working for some days then maximum part of ward get
flooded with drain water, so there should be integrated
and proper drainage system.
Internal road is not in good condition, solid waste
management is very poor, lacks of staff for solid waste
management, dustbins are not sufficient.
Water supply is also major problem in this area, there is problem regarding quality, pressure and
availability. In most of the area there is muddy water supply and pressure is very less.
All the major commercial area and public & Semi Public area (Govind mitra road for medicine,
Makhania kuan for doctors clinic, Khajanchi road for books, Ramna road for coaching institutes

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& lodges, Patna university area, etc.) are in this ward but drainage condition is very poor in this
area.
Encroachment over the road and parking is also big problem. Internal roads are also not in good
condition.
Vision, “A city that provides good drainage, water supply, internal roads and parking facilities
along with an encroachment free livable space.”

Smt. Rita Rai (Ward no-42)

Issues:
Water supply is major problem in this area; all pipe lines are old and at higher depth below
surface, blocked by silts at many places pipe lines are broken. There are 2 water pumps out of
which one is defund and other is functional but due to old water supply network pipe lines are
unable to bear pressure and breaks at many places.
There are 3 slum pockets and all are lacking basic facilities and in very unhygienic condition.
Water logging is rare but due to faulty road construction at
some places water logging occurs.
Vision, “A slum free city that provides potable water
supply and integrated drainage system to its citizen.”

Smt. Prabha Devi (Ward no-45)

Issues:
In Hanuman Nagar there is no drinking water supply network, no drains, road condition is not
good.
Even in dental college there is no water supply line.

Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

Sri. Jawahar Prasad (Ward no-46)

Issues:
Drainage is major problem of this area.
Renovation of Balsahi pan is most important and there
should be high capacity sump house on that, so that drain
water can be pump out over the safety bund in to the
Punpun river. This will solve the problem of water logging

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north and south of bypass.

In this area all infrastructures was established before 1960 and after that no renovation and proper
maintenance took place, so all problem is arising due to in sufficient carrying capacity of
established infrastructure and its O&M.
Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

Sri. Sanjay Kumar (Ward no-55)

Issues:
Water supply and drainage is the major problem of this area.
There is need of new water supply pipelines and proper drainage plan for whole city.
There should be control over illegal and unplanned construction.
Vision, “A well planned city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen.”

Sri Dayanand Paswan (Ward no-57)

Issues:
Moth nala was previously very wide but now
due to intense encroachment at some place its
width has become very narrow, it is major drain
and totally chocked by solid waste at many
places. So there is urgent need of renovation of
this drain and removal of encroachment from
this drain.
Street light condition is also not good. There maintenance is not at regular interval.
75% area is served by water supply pipe line but due to lack of pumps people are not getting
water, at maximum places pipes are broken and drain water is mixing with it. Only 25% area has
new pipe line.
Road near Patna shahib railway station is not good.
Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure
to its citizen.”

Sri Rupnarayan Mahto (Ward no-61)

Issues:
Patna city is the city of streets, streets are very
narrow on Ashok Rajpath traffic jam is frequent.

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Internal roads are very congested and on many roads drains are not proper.
Although roads made by PWD in Karmali chak, Gurugobind singh path and Kamaldah path
which connects bypass has reduced traffic jam in the city yet there is need of road along Ganga
River as marine drive from eastern most ward of Patna to Danapur will solve the major problem
of traffic in city.
Street light condition is also not good. There maintenance is not at regular interval. In main area
of PMC private companies establish the street lights and in lieu of that they place hording on that
pole, there should be a provision that at least these companies has to install 20% street lights in
inner area with their hording then only they will be allowed to install street lights in remaining
80% in main area with hording. This will benefit the company as well as inner area.
Patna city area has thousands of HH industries and small scale industries and many big industries
but this area is lacking basic infrastructure and industrial promotion activities/policies. This area
has all the industrial development of Patna so there should be special care given to this area in
relation to infrastructure and economic benefits.
In this area electricity charge for industries is higher than adjoining state (West Bengal and
Jharkhand) and electricity condition is also not good which discourages the industrial
development. So, there should be revision of electricity charge for industrial development.
There is need of road along the Saidpur Canal to reduce the traffic jam in the city.
Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen with a special focus on developing
the already existing small and medium level industries in Patna City area.”

Smt. Aruna Mehta (Ward no-68)

Issues:
Drainage and road condition is major problem of this area. Drainage master plan should be made
properly and map should be made available to PMC and each ward councilor so that they can
know the faulty area and take action
properly.
Old drainage system is at very low level so
as Ganga River over flow back water causes
flood through drains so there should be
sluice gate at the out let of main drain.
Moth nala was previously 160 feet wide and
used for minor water ways but now due to
intense encroachment at some place its width

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has become 3 feet, it is major drain and totally chocked by solid waste at many places. So there is
urgent need of renovation of this drain and removal of encroachment from this drain.
Ward no 62,67, 68,69 are below the level of Ashok Rajpath and Railway line so due to drainage
problem these area get water logging.
There is need of proper high capacity concrete drain from Anishabad to Didarganj on both side of
bypass and connect the all drains south of Ashok rajpath directly or indirectly to this drain to
solve the drainage problem of PMC.
There is no coordination between BRJP, REO, PMC, PHED, PWD and other organization and
due to this also drainage and water supply problem arises in the city.
Boring of water pumps has not been done at proper depth and there is also lack of operation and
maintenance problem which causes water supply problem in the area.
There are many industries in this ward but due to electricity problem they are not growing at its
pace.
Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen in a coordinated manner.”

Smt. Babita Kumari and Sri Manoj Mehta (Ward no-69)

Issues:
Moth nala was previously 160 feet wide and used for minor water ways but now due to intense
encroachment at some place its width has become 3 feet, it is major drain and totally chawked by
solid waste at many places. So there is urgent need of renovation of this drain and removal of
encroachment from this drain.
90% area is served by water supply pipe line but due to lack of pumps people are not getting
water, at maximum places pipes are broken and drain water is mixing with it.
There are major commercial and HH industries in this area but roads are very narrow, solid waste
management is very poor and drainage condition is pathetic, road condition is also not good.
Staffs for cleaning streets and disposing of solid wastes are not sufficient.

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Street light condition is not good, due to lack of operation and maintenance only 40% established
street lights are functional.

Vision, “A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen with a special focus on developing
the already existing small and medium level industries in Patna City area.”
The above-mentioned vision statements have been combined and a comprehensive vision statement
has been evolved by the Consultants. All vision statements emerged during discussion are listed
below followed by a final combined vision:

A well planned and managed city that provide all basic infrastructure with a focus on education and
tourism in an environmental friendly manner by developing the river front.
A city that provide all basic infrastructure and services to all its citizen with a special focus on solving
traffic problems of city by developing a marine drive road along Ganga River.
A city that is free from water logging and provides safe drinking water and electricity to its citizen
A city with integrated sewerage, drainage and water supply system that is not polluting the Ganga River
and provide good governance.”
A city that provides integrated drainage system that is based on city level slope
A city that provides all basic infrastructure and services to its citizen with a focus on assisting the already
functional huge small and medium level industries in the old Patna city
A city that resolve the problem of basic infrastructure and street vendors with the implementation of master
plan to regulate the development
A slim free city that provide all basic infrastructures
A city that provide infrastructure and services in an integrated manner and not in isolation
A city that provides potable drinking water, integrated drainage system and god roads
A city that provides potable drinking water and good integrated drainage system
A city that provides potable drinking water, integrated drainage system and god roads
A city that provides basic infrastructure along with recreational facilities
A city that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system
A slum free city that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system
A that provides potable drinking water and integrated drainage system along with community facilities
A city that provides potable drinking water, good drainage system and good roads
An industrial and tourist city with all basic infrastructure
A slum free city that provides potable drinking water, good drainage system, water and community facilities
A city that provides basic infrastructure and services to its citizen
A city that provide good drainage system, safety and recreational places

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A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen, rehabilitation of street vendors and implementation of
JNNURM projects
A well planned city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A well planned with city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen along with good governance
A city that provides water supply and drainage system
A city that provides water supply, drainage, street light and internal roads
A well planned with city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A city that provides potable drinking water to its citizen
A city that provides water supply, drainage and recreational facilities
A city that provides good drainage, water supply, internal roads and parking facilities along with an
encroachment free livable space
A slum free city that provides potable water supply and integrated drainage system to its citizen
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A well planned city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen with a special focus on developing the already existing
small and medium level industries in Patna City area
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen in a coordinated manner
A city that provides basic infrastructure to its citizen with a special focus on developing the already existing
small and medium level industries in Patna City area

Patna City Vision 2030, “

“To develop Patna as a vibrant national centre for growth with a focus on economic development,
river front development, transport, heritage and tourism; a town that provides quality
infrastructure services and facilities, good governance, planned development and clean
environment.”

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Photographs: Vision Workshops

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Attendance Sheets: Second Workshop

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Annexure 4.3: Attendance Sheets- 3rd Workshop

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Annexure 4.4: Handouts- 3rd Workshop

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables
List of Figures
Abbreviations

1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 OBJECTIVES FOR PREPARATION OF CDPS ................................................................. 1-1
1.3 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ................................. 1-2
1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN- A PROCESS.................................................................... 1-2
1.5 SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................................. 1-2
1.6 PROJECT OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES .................................................................. 1-3
1.7 COMMENCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND TEAM MOBILIZATION ........................... 1-3
1.7.1 Meeting and Consultations .............................................................................................. 1-4
1.7.2 Stakeholders Consultation ............................................................................................... 1-4
1.8 CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................... 1-4
1.9 TECHNICAL APPROACH ................................................................................................. 1-5
1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT REPORT ........................................................................ 1-13

2 CITY PROFILE ......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 CITY IN REGIONAL CONTEXT....................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 History of Patna District .................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2.2 Patna Regional Development Area and Patna Urban Agglomeration Area ................... 2-2
2.2.3 Linkages ........................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.3 PHYSICAL PROFILE ......................................................................................................... 2-4
2.3.1 Physiography and Relief .................................................................................................. 2-4
2.3.2 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 2-5
2.3.3 Rainfall ............................................................................................................................. 2-5
2.4 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ............................................................................................... 2-5
2.4.1 Population and Population Density ................................................................................. 2-5
2.4.2 Sex Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.4.3 Literacy Rate .................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.4.4 Household Size ................................................................................................................. 2-6
2.4.5 Population SC/ST Group ................................................................................................. 2-7
2.4.6 Summary Observation ...................................................................................................... 2-7

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2.5 ECONOMIC PROFILE ....................................................................................................... 2-7

2.5.1 Work Force Participation ................................................................................................ 2-8
2.5.2 Occupational Pattern & Number of Main Workers in Different Sectors ......................... 2-8
2.5.3 Economic Base ................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.5.4 Trade and Commerce ....................................................................................................... 2-9
2.5.5 Industry .......................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.5.6 Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.5.7 Informal Sector .............................................................................................................. 2-12
2.5.8 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 2-12
2.6 PHYSICAL PLANNING, GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND LAND MANAGEMENT ... 2-
13
2.6.1 Physical Planning .......................................................................................................... 2-13
2.6.2 Land Use Distribution: .................................................................................................. 2-17
2.6.3 Growth Management...................................................................................................... 2-18
2.6.4 Issues Related to Spatial Development .......................................................................... 2-19
2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION .......................................................................................... 2-19
2.7.1 Population Projections: Various Methods ..................................................................... 2-19
2.7.2 Projected Population ..................................................................................................... 2-21

3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT.................................................................. 3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Water Supply .................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1.1 Groundwater ............................................................................................................ 3-2
3.2.1.2 Surface Water........................................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.1.3 Source of Water Supply ........................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.1.4 Present Demand and Supply Gap............................................................................. 3-5
3.2.1.5 Water distribution networks ..................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.1.6 Water Charges .......................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.1.7 Water treatment facilities ......................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.1.8 Future Demand Assessment ..................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.1.9 Water Supply Projects .............................................................................................. 3-7
3.2.1.10 Issues ........................................................................................................................ 3-7
3.2.2 Sewerage and Sanitation.................................................................................................. 3-8
3.2.2.1 Existing Sewerage System ....................................................................................... 3-8

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3.2.2.2 Access to Sewerage facility ..................................................................................... 3-8

3.2.2.3 Public Toilets ........................................................................................................... 3-9
3.2.2.4 Present Demand and Supply Gap............................................................................. 3-9
3.2.2.5 Future Demand as Per Norms .................................................................................. 3-9
3.2.2.6 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.2.3.1 Major Water Bodies ............................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.3.2 Existing Drainage System ...................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.3.3 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.2.4 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................... 3-14
3.2.5 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................... 3-14
3.2.5.1 Quantity of waste generated ................................................................................... 3-15
3.2.5.2 Waste Storage and Segregation.............................................................................. 3-15
3.2.5.3 Constituents of waste ............................................................................................. 3-15
3.2.5.4 Primary and Secondary collection ......................................................................... 3-16
3.2.5.5 Transportation of solid waste ................................................................................. 3-16
3.2.5.6 Solid Waste Processing and Disposal .................................................................... 3-16
3.2.5.7 Reuse and recycling ............................................................................................... 3-16
3.2.5.8 Service Coverage and Efficiency ........................................................................... 3-16
3.2.5.9 Waste Generated Per Capita .................................................................................. 3-17
3.2.5.10 The Collection Performance .................................................................................. 3-17
3.2.5.11 Available Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 3-17
3.2.5.12 Present Demand and Supply Gap........................................................................... 3-18
3.2.5.13 Future Demand Assessment ................................................................................... 3-18
3.2.5.14 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-19
3.2.6 Power and Street Lights ................................................................................................. 3-19
3.2.6.1 Existing Status ....................................................................................................... 3-19
3.2.6.2 Streetlight ............................................................................................................... 3-21
3.2.6.3 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-21
3.2.7 Traffic and Transportation............................................................................................. 3-22
3.2.7.1 Existing Traffic and Transportation Scenario ........................................................ 3-22
3.2.7.2 City Transport Network ......................................................................................... 3-22
3.2.7.3 Major Corridors...................................................................................................... 3-23
3.2.7.4 Public Transport System ........................................................................................ 3-23

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3.2.7.5 Growth of Vehicles ................................................................................................ 3-24

3.2.7.6 Road and Road Network ........................................................................................ 3-24
3.2.7.7 Present Demand and Supply Gap........................................................................... 3-25
3.2.7.8 Parking ................................................................................................................... 3-26
3.2.7.9 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-26
3.3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ......................................................................................... 3-26
3.3.1 Education Facilities ....................................................................................................... 3-26
3.3.1.1 Higher Education ................................................................................................... 3-27
3.3.1.2 Schools ................................................................................................................... 3-27
3.3.1.3 Demand Assessment .............................................................................................. 3-27
3.3.1.4 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.3.2 Health Facilities............................................................................................................. 3-28
3.3.2.1 Demand Assessment .............................................................................................. 3-28
3.3.2.2 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.3.3 Park and Open Spaces/ Recreational Facilities ............................................................ 3-29
3.3.3.1 Other Facilities ....................................................................................................... 3-29
3.3.3.2 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-29
3.3.3.3 Fire Station ............................................................................................................. 3-29
3.4 HOUSING STATUS .......................................................................................................... 3-30
3.4.1 Present Housing Status .................................................................................................. 3-30
3.4.2 Houses by Amenities ...................................................................................................... 3-31
3.4.3 Unauthorized Colonies .................................................................................................. 3-32
3.4.4 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 3-32
3.4.4.1 Future Housing Demand ........................................................................................ 3-32
3.4.5 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS ......................................................................................... 3-33
3.4.5.1 Slums in Town ....................................................................................................... 3-33
3.4.5.2 Infrastructure Facilities at Household Level .......................................................... 3-39
3.4.5.3 Ability to Pay ......................................................................................................... 3-40
3.4.6 Social Security Schemes ................................................................................................. 3-40
3.4.6.1 Issues ...................................................................................................................... 3-40
3.5 ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................. 3-40
3.5.1 Geology .......................................................................................................................... 3-41
3.5.2 Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 3-42
3.5.3 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................... 3-42

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3.5.4 Natural Hazard .............................................................................................................. 3-42

3.5.5 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 3-44
3.6 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ........................................................................................... 3-44
3.6.1 Heritage and Conservation ............................................................................................ 3-44
3.6.1.1 Major Archaeological Sites in Patna as identified by the Directorate of Archaeology:
3-45
3.6.1.2 List of ASI Protected Sites ..................................................................................... 3-45
3.6.1.3 The Core City Area and Kankarbagh Residential Area ......................................... 3-45
3.6.2 Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 3-46
3.6.2.1 Tourist Locations within Patna .............................................................................. 3-46
3.6.2.2 Tourism Circuits .................................................................................................... 3-47
3.6.3 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 3-48
3.7 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................... 3-48
3.7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3-48
3.7.2 Asset Management Plan ................................................................................................. 3-49
3.7.2.1 Asset Management Plan for Proposed Asset under CDP ....................................... 3-49
3.7.3 Building Approval Systems ............................................................................................ 3-50
3.7.4 Business Approval System .............................................................................................. 3-52
3.8 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 3-53
3.8.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3-53
3.8.2 Institutional Responsibility ............................................................................................ 3-54
3.8.3 Key Departments ............................................................................................................ 3-56
3.8.4 Present Administrative Set up ........................................................................................ 3-57
3.8.5 Organization Structure .................................................................................................. 3-58
3.8.6 Reforms Undertaken By ULB ......................................................................................... 3-58
3.8.6.1 Mandatory Reforms ............................................................................................... 3-58
3.8.6.2 Optional Reforms ................................................................................................... 3-59
3.8.7 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 3-59
3.9 MUNICIPAL FINANCE ................................................................................................... 3-59
3.9.1 Bihar Municipal Act, 2007- An Overview ...................................................................... 3-60
3.9.2 Overview of Municipal Finance ..................................................................................... 3-61
3.9.2.1 Revenue Account ................................................................................................... 3-61
Revenue Income..................................................................................................................... 3-62
Revenue Expenditure ............................................................................................................. 3-62

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3.9.2.2 Capital Account...................................................................................................... 3-62

3.9.2.3 Capital Income ....................................................................................................... 3-62
3.9.2.4 Capital Expenditure................................................................................................ 3-62
3.9.3 Key issues ....................................................................................................................... 3-65
3.10 MATRIX FOR RATING PATNA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ................................................. 3-66

4 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATION AND PROCEEDINGS OF 3RD WORKSHOP .... 4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ............................................................................... 4-1
4.3 CITY VISION EXERCISE .................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4 PROCEEDING OF THE 3RD WORKSHOP ................................................................................. 4-4
4.4.1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................ 4-4
4.4.2 THE HANDOUTS ............................................................................................................ 4-4
4.4.3 CONTENT OF THE WORKSHOP................................................................................... 4-4

5 PRIORITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES ........................................................................ 5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 SECTORAL STRATEGIES ................................................................................................ 5-1
5.3 PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS; ................................................................................... 5-1
5.4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY............................................................................ 5-2
5.4.1 Strategies and Time Frame .............................................................................................. 5-2
5.4.1.1 Economic Development of the City ......................................................................... 5-2
5.4.1.2 Recreational and Tourism Facilities......................................................................... 5-3
5.4.1.3 Drainage ................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.4.1.4 Water Supply ........................................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.1.5 Sewerage and Sanitation .......................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.1.6 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................ 5-5
5.4.1.7 Traffic and Transportation ....................................................................................... 5-5
5.4.1.8 Housing .................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.4.1.9 Streetlight ................................................................................................................. 5-6
5.4.1.10 Urban Renewal and Growth ..................................................................................... 5-6
5.4.1.11 Other Social Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 5-7
5.4.1.12 Health ....................................................................................................................... 5-7
5.4.1.13 Education ................................................................................................................. 5-8
5.4.1.14 Municipal Finance.................................................................................................... 5-8

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5.4.1.15 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup .............................................................. 5-9

6 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ............................................................................................ 6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................ 6-1
6.3 SECTOR-WISE PROJECTS IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING ................................... 6-1
6.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ..................................................................................... 6-13
6.5 FUNDING PATTERN ....................................................................................................... 6-14
6.5.1.1 PPP Funding: ......................................................................................................... 6-15
6.5.1.2 PMDO .................................................................................................................... 6-16
6.5.1.3 International Donor ................................................................................................ 6-16
6.5.1.4 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs .................................................... 6-17
6.5.1.5 Other Suggestions for Innovative Findings............................................................ 6-18

7 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN .......................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN OF PMC ...................................................................... 7-1
(a) Revenue Receipt .............................................................................................................. 7-1
(b) Capital Receipts ............................................................................................................... 7-2
(a) Revenue Expenditure ....................................................................................................... 7-2
7.2.1 Business As Usual Scenario ............................................................................................. 7-2
7.2.2 Alternate Scenario 1......................................................................................................... 7-5
7.2.3 Alternate Scenario 2......................................................................................................... 7-8
7.2.4 Selection of Alternative .................................................................................................. 7-11
7.3 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF PMC ............................................................................... 7-11
7.3.1 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and MIS with a View to Identify Weaknesses ......... 7-12
7.3.2 INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 7-12
7.3.3 PROPOSED STRUCTURE AND FUNDING ................................................................ 7-14
7.3.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 7-16
7.4 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 7-16

Annexures

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1.1: DELIVERABLES AND SUBMISSIONS ................................................................................... 1-3

TABLE 2.1: PUAA DETAILS ................................................................................................................. 2-3
TABLE 2.2: POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE OF PMC ...................................................................... 2-5
TABLE 2.3: PATNA SEX RATIO ............................................................................................................. 2-6
TABLE 2.4 : SOCIAL STRUCTURE.......................................................................................................... 2-7
TABLE 2.5: SUMMARY OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF PMC ..................................................... 2-7
TABLE 2.6 : WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION .......................................................................................... 2-8
TABLE 2.7 : OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN, PMC ...................................................................................... 2-8
TABLE 2.8: DETAILS OF VENDORS IN PMC ........................................................................................ 2-12
TABLE 2.9: TENTATIVE LAND USE OF DNP....................................................................................... 2-17
TABLE 2.10: BIRTH AND DEATH RATE OF BIHAR .............................................................................. 2-20
TABLE 2.11: BIRTH AND DEATH RATE OF BIHAR .............................................................................. 2-21
TABLE 2.12: POPULATION PROJECTION BY VARIOUS METHODS- PMC ............................................ 2-21
TABLE 3.1 : WATER CONDITION OF PATNA ......................................................................................... 3-2
TABLE 3.2 : WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ................................................................................................. 3-5
TABLE 3.3: RECOMMENDED PER CAPITA WATER SUPPLY LEVELS FOR DESIGNING SCHEMES .......... 3-6
TABLE 3.4: FUTURE WATER DEMAND ASSESSMENT ........................................................................... 3-7
TABLE 3.5 : TYPE OF SANITATION FACILITIES ..................................................................................... 3-8
TABLE 3.6: FUTURE WEST WATER ASSESSMENT IN PMC .................................................................... 3-9
TABLE 3.7: INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTH ......................................................................................... 3-17
TABLE 3.8 : SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 3-18
TABLE 3.9: PER CAPITA QUANTITY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDIAN CITIES (NEERI, 1996) .. 3-
18
TABLE 3.10: ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN PMC .................................................. 3-19
TABLE 3.11: DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING .......................................... 3-20
TABLE 3.12 : CATEGORY WISE ELECTRICITY CONNECTION ............................................................... 3-20
TABLE 3.13: STREETLIGHT ................................................................................................................. 3-21
TABLE 3.14: FUTURE REQUIREMENT OF POWER SUPPLY FOR PROJECTED POPULATION .................. 3-21
TABLE 3.15: ROADS AND TRAFFIC- SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS .................................................... 3-25
TABLE 3.16: DEMAND ESTIMATION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES OF PMC .................................... 3-27
TABLE 3.17: DEMAND ESTIMATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES OF PMC............................................... 3-28
TABLE 3.18: LIST OF OTHER FACILITIES............................................................................................. 3-29

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TABLE 3.19: CONDITION OF CENSUS HOUSES ................................................................................... 3-30

TABLE 3.20: PRESENT HOUSING DEMAND SUPPLY GAP ................................................................... 3-30
TABLE 3.21: FUTURE HOUSING DEMAND OF PMC ............................................................................. 3-32
TABLE 3.22: WARD WISE SLUM (NOTIFIED) DETAILS IN PMC.......................................................... 3-33
TABLE 3.23: OTHER POVERTY POCKET (SLUM) ................................................................................. 3-39
TABLE 3.24: FUNCTION OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ..................................................................... 3-54
TABLE 3.25: DISCRETIONARY AND MANDATORY TAXES .................................................................. 3-55
TABLE 3.26: SERVICE DELIVERY MANAGEMENT .............................................................................. 3-56
TABLE 3.27: ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES ......................................................................................... 3-58
TABLE 3.28: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE INCOME AND CAPITAL INCOME OF
PMC(AMOUNT IN RS. LAKH) ..................................................................................................... 3-63
TABLE 3.29: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE EXPENDITURE AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE OF
PMC ........................................................................................................................................... 3-65
TABLE 3.30: RATING OF PMC ............................................................................................................ 3-66
TABLE 4.1: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS‟ CONSULTATIONS ...................................................................... 4-2
TABLE 5.1: PRIORITY AND RANKING OF PROJECTS ............................................................................. 5-1
TABLE 5.2: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........................ 5-2
TABLE 5.3: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR RECREATION AND TOURISM....................... 5-3
TABLE 5.4: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR DRAINAGE .................................................. 5-4
TABLE 5.5: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR SEWERAGE & SANITATION ........................ 5-5
TABLE 5.6: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ............... 5-5
TABLE 5.7: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR STREET LIGHTING ...................................... 5-6
TABLE 5.8: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN RENEWAL AND GROWTH ............... 5-6
TABLE 5.9: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR OTHER SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............. 5-7
TABLE 5.10: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR HEALTH FACILITIES .................................. 5-7
TABLE 5.11: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION FACILITIES ............................ 5-8
TABLE 5.12: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR MUNICIPAL FINANCE ............................... 5-8
TABLE 5.13: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL
SETUP ........................................................................................................................................... 5-9
TABLE 6.1: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........................................ 6-2
TABLE 6.2: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF RECREATIONAL AND TOURISM FACILITIES ................ 6-3
TABLE 6.3: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ............................... 6-4
TABLE 6.4: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF ENVIRONMENT ........................................................... 6-5
TABLE 6.5: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF STREET LIGHTING ...................................................... 6-6

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TABLE 6.6: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF OTHER SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................. 6-7
TABLE 6.7: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF FIR SERVICE................................................................ 6-8
TABLE 6.8: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF HEALTH ...................................................................... 6-8
TABLE 6.9: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF EDUCATION .............................................................. 6-10
TABLE 6.10: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF URBAN RENEWAL AND GROWTH ........................... 6-11
TABLE 6.11: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL SETUP ... 6-
12
TABLE 6.12: BROAD INVESTMENT PLAN ........................................................................................... 6-13
TABLE 6.13: FUNDING PATTERN OF CDP BY STATE GOVERNMENT & PPP (IN RS. CRORE) ............. 6-15
TABLE 7.1: BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO - PMC‟S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE............................ 7-4
TABLE 7.2: PROJECTION OF TAX YIELD FOR 2015-16 ......................................................................... 7-5
TABLE 7.3: BASIS FOR ASSUMPTION OF GROWTH RATES .................................................................... 7-6
TABLE 7.4: ALTERNATE SCENARIO 1 - PMC‟S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ....................................... 7-7
TABLE 7.5: ALTERNATE SCENARIO 2 - PMC‟S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ....................................... 7-9
TABLE 7.6 : BROAD INVESTMENT PLAN ............................................................................................ 7-12
TABLE 7.7 : FUNDING AGENCY .......................................................................................................... 7-15
TABLE 7.8 : INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 7-16
TABLE 7.9 : LIST OF STEERING GROUP MEMBERS .................................................................................VI

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1: CDP PLANNING PROCESS............................................................................................... 1-13
FIGURE 2.1 : LOCATION MAP OF PATNA ............................................................................................... 2-1
FIGURE 2.2 : PRDA AREA .................................................................................................................... 2-3
FIGURE 2.3 : LINKAGES OF PATNA ....................................................................................................... 2-4
FIGURE 2.4 : POPULATION GROWTH TREND ........................................................................................ 2-6
FIGURE 2.5 : SOCIAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................ 2-7
FIGURE 2.6 : OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN OF MAIN WORKERS ................................................................ 2-8
FIGURE 2.7 : MAJOR INDUSTRIAL AREA IN PATNA CITY CIRCLE OF PMC ......................................... 2-11
FIGURE 2.8 : EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN IN PATNA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION .......................... 2-15
FIGURE 2.9 : GROWTH DIRECTION OF PATNA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ........................................ 2-16
FIGURE 2.10: TENTATIVE LAND USE OF PMC ................................................................................... 2-18
FIGURE 2.11 : PROJECTED POPULATION PROJECTION OF PMC.......................................................... 2-22
FIGURE 3.1: WATER LEVEL DEPTH DURING PRE-MONSOON ................................................................. 3-3
FIGURE 3.2: WATER LEVEL DEPTH DURING POST-MONSOON ............................................................... 3-3
FIGURE 3.3 :TOILET FACILITIES AND BATHROOM FACILITIES (TYPES & AVAILABILITY) ................... 3-9
FIGURE 3.4: DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING ........................................... 3-20
FIGURE 3.5 : CITY TRANSPORT NETWORK ......................................................................................... 3-22
FIGURE 3.6: TYPES OF ROOMS ........................................................................................................... 3-31
FIGURE 3.7: HOUSES BY SOURCE OF LIGHT ....................................................................................... 3-31
FIGURE 3.8: TYPE OF DRINKING WATER WITHIN THE PREMISES ........................................................ 3-31
FIGURE 3.9:LOCATION OF SLUM POCKETS ........................................................................................ 3-38
FIGURE 3.10: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF BIHAR ....................................................................................... 3-41
FIGURE 3.11: FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS OF BIHAR ............................................................................ 3-43
FIGURE 3.12: FOREST COVER ............................................................................................................. 3-43
FIGURE 3.13: ORGANOGRAM OF PMC ............................................................................................... 3-58
FIGURE 3.14: AN OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCE ..................................................................... 3-61
FIGURE 3.15: YEAR-WISE INCOME OF PMC ....................................................................................... 3-63
FIGURE 3.16: PMC REVENUE FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES FOR YEAR 2009-10 ................................. 3-63
FIGURE 3.17: YEAR-WISE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF PMC ........................................................ 3-64
FIGURE 3.18: PMC EXPENDITURE ON DIFFERENT SOURCES FOR YEAR 2009-10 ............................... 3-64
FIGURE 6.1: BROAD INVESTMENT SHARE .......................................................................................... 6-14
FIGURE 6.2 : INDICATIVE STRUCTURE OF PMU AND SPV ................................................................. 6-17
FIGURE 7.1 : BROAD INVESTMENT SHARE ......................................................................................... 7-13

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ABBREVIATION

BMA : Bihar Municipal Act

BPL : Below Poverty Line
BSEB : Bihar State Electricity Board
BSRTC : Bihar State Road Transport Corporation
CAA : Constitutional Amendment Act
CBO : Community Based Organization
CDP : City Development Plan
CHC : Community Health Centre
CIP : City Investment Plan
DA : Daily Allowance
DFID : Department for International Development
DM : District Magistrate
FCI Food Corporation of India
FOP : Financial Operating Plan
ft. : Feet
GDDP : Gross District Domestic Product
GIS Geographical Information System
GoI : Government of India
GoB : Government of Bihar
hrs : Hours
HP : Horse Power
ICT Pvt. Ltd. : Intercontinental Consultant and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.
ITPI : Institute of Town Planners in India
JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
Km : Kilometer
KV : Kilo Volts
lpcd : liters per capita par day
m : Meter
Mbgl Meters below ground level
MLD Million Liter per Day
MT Metric Ton

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NGO : Non-Government Organization

NH : National Highway
NW North West
OHT Over Head Tank
PCC Road Portland Cement Concrete Road
PHED : Public Health and Engineering Department
PMC : Patna Municipal Corporation
PPP : Public Private Partnership
PWD : Public Works Department
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OSD On Site Disposal
SC : Schedule Caste
SE South East
SH : State Highway
SPUR : Support Program for Urban Reform
ST : Schedule Tribe
SWM : Solid Waste Management
SWOT : Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
TA : Travel Allowance
T&D : Transmission and Distribution
TOR : Terms of Reference
UDPFI : Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation
UFW Unaccounted For Water
ULB : Urban Local Bodies
WFPR : Work Force Participation Ratio

EXE
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page xiii