GAA (Art Appreciation)

Second Semester S.Y. 2021 – 2022

Student: Elbert R. Moria

Schedule: MWF 2:30 – 3:30 PM
 Module 1 - Introductions and Definitions

Journal Prompt #1: Expose Yourself to Art!

What has been your exposure to visual art? Has it been primarily from your family? School?
Social activities? Personal explorations? Do you make art? If so, what kind? What is the
medium you use? What kind of style is it? Look under "style" in module 1 to get a better idea of
what it might be. Who is your audience? If you haven’t made any art, have you ever wanted to?
What kind?

Since my childhood, I’ve always been fond of at. It fascinates me, how lines and how
colors interact and create visually appealing images. I use to draw a lot when I was a child, I
also explored painting and joined a couple of painting classes. During my elementary days, I
was a cartoonist for our school’s campus journalism organization and won my first ever
competition. While I can appreciate abstract art, I’ve always gone for naturalistic style art. While
a high level of accuracy wasn’t my goal, I’ve always preferred art that looks much similar to what
it represents. In high school canvas was favorite medium, though it was not canvas on a
wooden frame but rather, canvas on rubber soled shoes. I’ve also learned to enhance my
drawing skills when I was studying architecture. Now as an adult, most of the art that I is mostly
digital, from digital illustrations, to photography.

Journal Prompt #2: A Definition of Art

Do you agree with the definition for ‘art’ as it’s explained in module 1? Why or why not? Can you
add to the definition? Is your definition coming from a subjective or objective perspective?

Answer:

Yes, I do, because art varies from culture to culture which becomes a symbol of that
culture. Art takes lines, shapes, colors, different mediums from charcoal and paper, to sand and
clay, and even sound which are all simple and basic on their own to become something unique
when combined with the imagination of the artist. Art is expression, and it encapsulates what is
around us, may it be physical, social, emotional and cultural, which is why I consider art as time
capsule. Art is complex, and yes art is subjective. To define what art is, is putting a limit on what
art really is, because is just one thing, but could be anything.
Journal Prompt #3: Investigating Art

Using the external links as a resource, find a work of art to answer the following questions. The
artwork can be from any culture or time period.

 Provide the title, date and artist’s name. Make sure your source has all of this information.
 What medium is used (painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, photograph or digital
image, video, installation or performance)?

Give a short description of the work:

 Is it realistic, abstract or non-objective?

 What does it depict? What colors are used?
 What category does it fall under?
 What artistic role does it play? Does it take on more than one role? Review the different
roles discussed in Module 1 to help you decide.

Answer:

Salvador Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci

(Courtesy of LeonardoDaVinci.net)
 The painting above is the “Salvador Mundi” by famous artist, Leonardo Da Vinci. This
painting was possibly for King Louis XII of France and his wife, Anne of Brittany. It is most likely
commissioned soon after the conquests of Milan and Genoa. It is a 26-inch beautiful oil-on-
canvas painting depicting a half-body figure of Christ as Savior of the World, facing front and
dressed in Renaissance-era robes. In his painting, Leonardo presents Christ as he is
characterized in the Gospel of John 4:14: 'And we have seen and testify that the Father has
sent his Son as the Savior of the World.' Christ gazes fixedly at the spectator, lightly bearded
with reddish brown curls, holding a crystal sphere in his left hand and offering benediction with
his right. While we don’t exactly know the face of Christ, it was mean to depict Him in a photo
realistic style. It falls under both “naturalistic” style, for its accuracy and realism, and “cultural” as
images of the Christ is a common feature of the culture of Catholics. It serves the roles of being
a “portrait” of Christ, and as a “narrative” falling under “spirits, myth and fantasy” as this was
also meant to depict a passage from the book of John in the bible.

Module 2 - The Process of Art

Journal Prompt #1: Who Makes Art?

Who makes art? Do you think artists have innate ability or acquired skill (or both)? How do
artist’s roles change with different cultural considerations? Support your answers with examples,
and provide any links or images that help in your explanations. You can use the External Links
to help you in your image search.

Answer:
 The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai

(Courtesy of Google Arts & Culture)

Anyone who consciously decides to create art, whether it is painting or drawing,

sculpture, photography, writing, fashion, or film, or any other creative form I may have
overlooked. Obviously, the method can be learnt, however every kind of art is more than
technique. The ability to see the possibilities of an attractive image is referred to as the eye in
photography, which is the art I practice. It can be aided, but not taught. Also, culture has an
impact on an artist's work by providing a societal context in which their work can be defined. To
some extent, all artworks are artifacts of their culture, reflecting dominant assumptions and
views. A great example of cultural art would be the Japanese ukiyo-e style, which
means “pictures of the floating world”. Acknowledged for its shinning color and decorativeness,
its pictures regularly delineated a story, and included creatures, birds, and scenes. The
technique called double printing is used in this art to create a realistic detailed image.
Katsushika Hokusai's “The Great Wave off Kanagawa”, one of the most well-known works in
Japanese art, is part of a series of block prints known as the "Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji."
Hokusai began his career at the age of six and was in his 70s when he made his masterpiece.

Journal Prompt #2: Social Art vs. Creative Art

Instructions: Compare and contrast art created as a social activity and as a singular creative act.

o What are the differences?

o Why are they important?
o Do their functions ever overlap? How?
Answer:

Most of art created as a social activity has a purpose or a message and is usually meant
to be displayed publicly, meant to represent a cause, community or a group of people. Art
created as a singular act can have be displayed publicly too, but it could also be created just for
self-expression. Also art created as a social activity is usually is the result of different people’s
ideas and decisions or a common theme that represents or agreed upon by a number of people,
while art created as a singular creative act is just the idea or perspective of one person. Art is
important as it serves many purpose, creating art engages both the mind and body and serves
as a tool for introspection and self-discovery. Also, the sensory experience of art may it be
visual or auditory, allows is at times, inspiring. It is also a universal experience, no matter the
language, culture, or race, art is common ground and despite the different perspective of each
person towards a piece of art, the general meaning and emotions they portray is the same. Art’s
functions overlap, both as an outlet for ideas or as experience.

Module 3 - Artistic Elements

Journal Prompt #1: Objective Description & Subjective Analysis

Using any of the pictures above or the internet, find two works of art: the first one two-
dimensional, the second three-dimensional. For each one, write four sentences describing the
elements present in the work using the Formalist Method. This method describes what you see
in a totally objective way. Do not refer to any subject matter. Remember, be objective in your
descriptions. An example might be; “The work uses a majority of organic shapes”, or “It uses the
complimentary colors yellow and violet for contrast”.

Then, for each work, write one sentence that describes your subjective reaction. An example
might be “The artwork has a chaotic feeling to it”, or “Looking at the work made me feel lonely”
 The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh

(Courtesy of Google Arts & Culture)

It has a lot of short flowing lines which are wavy and seem to be merging at the center to
form this spiral-like formation. Fiery yellow-orange swirls cover this whole piece which
compliments with the shades of blue and grey in the background. The painting is seemingly high
contrast with the use of dark colored outlines with thick brush strokes that have a hectic rhythm
to it. The painting gives off a rough texture because of the contrasting colors.

David by Michelangelo

(Courtesy of Google Arts & Culture)

 The statue is mostly white, or light grey and has no contrasting colors. It has smooth
flowing lines. The texture of the statue is smooth and has clear shapes. The overall form of this
statue is of a human being.

Journal Prompt #2: Translating an Image

Find a realistic image using the internet (or an image of your own creation). Translate this image
into an abstract composition of lines and shapes by reducing it down in two steps. See the
examples on the "Line Drawings for Journal Prompt 3" page.

Yellow House by Vincent Van Gogh

(Courtesy of vincentvangogh.org)
Journal Prompt #3: The Formalist Method

Find any image from the internet and paste the printed image on your journal or you can just
draw it. Then answer the following Analysis notecards. Choose only 4 questions to answer from
each element.

Yellow House by Vincent Van Gogh

(Courtesy of vincentvangogh.org)

 How important is line to this work?

Lines are important to this painting since it depicts a building, which generally has
straight lines. Lines also help to create a perspective.
 What type of line is here? Thick or thin; continuous or broken, constant or variable?
It has a combination of thick straight lines that serves as outlines, and implied lines. Most
of the lines are continuous lines.
 Does the line have movement or direction?
The lines do not have movement but some intersect at one point to create perspective.
 What quality does the line have? Delicate or bold?
Most of the lines used in the painting are bold lines.
 Does the line create value, texture, shape or space?
The lines used in this painting create shapes, mostly squares that occupy space.
 Is there implied lines? Where? How?
No there are no implied lines.
 What visual effect does the line have? (Does it make the work feel a certain way?)
The lines give a feeling of space. It projects the scenery as if it wasn’t a flat surface but
feels like a real scenery which it actually was.
SHAPE

 How important is shape to this work?

The shapes are important in this painting because they represent something concrete,
which is also the subject itself, the yellow house. Negative shapes also play a role in the
painting, like the windows.
 What kind of shapes are here? Simple or complex?
The painting is mostly composed of simple shapes with corners, like rectangles and
squares.
 How are shapes created?
The shapes are created with outlines that are darker than the color that fills the shape.
 Do shapes convey mass or not? (Weight or form?)
Yes, they do. They convey concrete real life objects. However, the windows convey space.

VALUE

 How important is value and light to this work?

It is important because the darker parts of the yellow house creates open space within the
building.
 How much variation in value is in this work?
There is not much variation of value in this work except for the windows which has high
contrast.
 Are the values high contrast, or low contrast?
Most of the values are low contrast.
 What function do the values play?
Low contrast values creates a feeling of unity, while dark values create defined shapes and
space.

COLOR

 How important is color to this work?

Color is important to this work as it is in the title itself. Yellow is the main color of the
painting.
 What colors are present? Name them.
The painting has yellow, the main color, blue, orange. It also has a little bit of brown, green,
pink and black.
 Describe the overall color scheme?
The painting uses complimentary colors, mainly yellow and blue.
 Are the transitions blended, or hard edged?
Transitions in colors are hard edged and well defined.
SURFACE/TEXTURE

 What importance does and texture play in this work?

Texture in the painting plays an important role as it mimics the real world textures of what is
depicted in the painting. Though not accurately, it does give it a feeling of realism while
being simple.
 What kind of surface does this work have?
It has a smooth surface.
 Are any textures actual or an illusion?
Both, the textures that are visually smooth are smooth, while the rough textured streets
appear rough because of the brushwork, but still smooth as it is a flat surface.
 Does the texture define areas or is it overall?
Yes, the texture also is defined by what it depicts or represents.

SPACE
 How important is space to this work?
Space gives this painting a real-life feel to it.
 Is this work a “window” or a “painting’?
It is a window, to view the realistic subject matter.
 Where is the viewer?
The viewer is across the street
 Is space defined or ambiguous?
The space is well defined.

BALANCE
 Is there a sense of equilibrium or stability to the composition?
Yes, there is balance in the painting. Not only is there a balance of colors, but also a
balance of positive and negative spaces.
 Is there balance symmetrical, radial, allover pattern or asymmetrical?
The painting overall is asymmetrical.
 Is there a sense of tension or calmness to the composition?
Yes, the painting feels calm and does not have any tension.
 How successful is the balance in the work?
The painting achieves a sense of unity and balance that feels natural and not forced.

EMPHASIS
 Where do your eyes go first? Second? Third?
My eyes go straight to the house on the corner first, the bigger house behind it, and third, to
the people walking.
 Are certain elements stronger visually than others? How much stronger?
Yes the buildings or houses are visually stronger than most elements.
 Is there a focal point, if so, what is it?
 Yes, the focal point is the yellow house.
 What effect do the controlled elements (placement or other elements) of the composition
have?
The placement of the elements in the composition directs the eyes to the subject at first
glance.

PROPORTION/SCALE
 What kind of relationship do the elements have to each other?
The elements relate to each other the way they relate in the real world.
 If recognizable objects are present, how is proportion used?
The elements, like the windows, doors, and people, have roughly the right proportions.
 Does the scale vary within the work?
Scale does not vary that much.
 What effect does this have?
It has an effect of looking real even if it’s not hyper realistic and accurate.

UNITY

 Does the whole predominate over the parts?

Yes, the whole painting creates a unified view or scenery which has more meaning than the
elements alone.
 What is the visual hierarchy of the piece?
Composition is used to create the visual hierarchy of the piece. By putting the main subject
in the center of the painting, it becomes the focal point.
 Is the unity visual or intellectual?
Both, the painting feels unified because of the composition and colors, but is also
intellectually unified because of the scenery.
 How successful is the overall unity of the work?
Greatly successful in terms of artistry and narrative.

ANALYSIS

 Which of the elements are most important to this work?

The yellow house in the center is the most important element.
 Why do you think the artist made these choices, what effect were they getting you to feel?
The artist chose a simple color palette with warm tones to create visual harmony which
creates a calm feeling scenery.
 What overall mood or feeling does this work have?
The overall mood that this feeling have is warmness and simplicity.
 What is your personal response to this work?
I like the painting, it does not try hard to create accurate depictions, but rather allows me to
visualize the scenery using my imagination with what is shown in the painting.
 Module 4 - Artistic Principles

Journal Prompt #1: Objective Description of Artistic Principles

Using any of the External Links, find two works of art: the first one two-dimensional, the second
one three-dimensional. For each one, write four sentences describing the artistic principles
present in the work. Do not refer to any subject matter. Be objective in your descriptions. An
example might be; “The work makes an abundant use of pattern ”, or “This work uses
asymmetric balance in its composition”.

Then, for each work, write one sentence that describes your subjective reaction. An example
might be “The artwork has a dynamic feel to it” or “The scale in this work disorients me”. You
may have written to a similar prompt in one of the earlier lessons. In this lesson, we are
substituting the artistic PRINCIPLES for the artistic ELEMENTS.

A Beast on The Loose by Henri Matisse

(Courtesy of TheArtist )

This painting has rhythm to it by using depictions of humans in a pattern which feels like
it has motion. It has a dynamic feel. The overall composition as asymmetric. The painting
has visual balance using positive and negative spaces. Overall the painting has a dynamic
but organized feel to it.
 We Two Together by Micheal Alfano

(Courtesy of Google Arts & Culture)

The sculpture achieves visual balance using symmetry. The face shape is emphasized
as it is in the center. The sculpture feels unified by using the same overall shape. It’s
symmetrical but static. The sculpture has a somewhat of a mysterious feel to it.

 How do the compositions compare to each other?

They are very different as one is symmetrical and static, while the other is asymmetrical and
feels like it has motion.

 How are they similar?

They are similar because they use both human depictions as a pattern, and both have
negative spaces.

 How are they different?

They are different in symmetry and motion.

 What are the artistic principles being used in each (repetition, rhythm, scale, differences in
visual balance, etc.)? You can refer to the subject matter in each work, but focus on
objective comparisons.

The painting has symmetry but is static, while the other is asymmetric but has motion. Both
have overall balance with regards to space, but the sculpture achieves the most visual
balance as it uses the elements symmetrically while creating a well-balanced face shape.
 Module 5 - Finding Meaning

Journal Prompt #1: Form & Content

Using the link provided, view and describe Winslow Homer’s painting The Fog Warning (Links to
an external site.) from 1885. Try to interpret the meaning inherent in the work from the visual
and contextual clues you see.

What strikes me with this painting from a visual perspective is the colors. Dark, neutral
and grey colors, which has a dull or even depressive mood. It seems like the fisherman is
alone, and far from land or what seems to look like the main ship in the distance. It
highlights his struggle of being alone at sea, and the sacrifice he makes for being able to
catch food or to make a living. Thick fog covers the horizon, and as he watches it, and he
seems to be rushing as a storm is coming. It creates a feeling of suspense as we try to
imagine the distance, and how he can endure rowing a boat on his own in a dangerous
situation as a storm seemingly builds up. From the title itself, “The Fog Warning”, it really
could be the case especially with the waves depicted in the painting. Overall it makes you
wonder if he ever got to get back to land or the main ship on time, or was he swept away,
and if so, was he able to survive. In my opinion, the goal of the artist with this painting is to
show the struggle and dedication of sailors/fisherman while being vulnerable to the forces of
nature. It also highlights the fact that our fate isn’t always in our hands.
 Module 6 - Photography

Journal Prompt #1: Why do people take photos?

People take photos because we want a visual representative of our world around us.
Before the invention of photography, as humans we always captured what we find fascinating,
important events, or rituals, through paintings in walls of caves, carvings on stones, even in
pottery. When cameras where invented, capturing images of things, people, or events, got
easier, and this innate desire to preserve images of what is significant to us is what makes us
takes photos especially when cameras were expensive. We like to toy with our memories, so we
take photographs to relive our past .Photographs give us sense of connectivity with the beauty
of certain place, people and thing. We don't want to lose them. We want to hold them forever,
and that’s why we capture photos. Other than emotional connectivity, we also photos are used
to log and observe progression, especially in experiments. We also use photography to give
people a glance of places, or events that we haven’t been to or experienced.

Journal Prompt #2: Do you think Nude Photography as an art expression or a sensual
expression? Why or why not?

Both, in my opinion. Nude photography is done to express and accentuate the beauty of
the human body may it conform to what is traditionally considered as beautiful as beauty after
all, is in the eye of the beholder. As art is an expression of emotion, feeling beautiful and
confident in our own body, and having the courage to be captured naked and expressing it
through photography would be considered art. On the other hand, sensual expression is also,
expression. The innate desires we feel as human beings, romance or lust, expressed through
photography is still art.

Journal Prompt #3: Do you think that a person must possess talent to capture emotion and
expression in a picture? Why or why not?

No, not necessarily. Photography skills, helps to enhance photos but they do not tell the
stories. Composition, lighting and angles enhance photos visually, but even with basic
knowledge on how to use a camera can help us capture emotion and expression. A lot of
photos, even the accidental candid photos, sometimes capture memorable and meaningful
stories. Even the simplest photos capture can capture emotions. On top of that, humans tend to
find meaning in anything, that a single photo could spark different emotions as we look at it
subjectively with different perspectives.

Journal Prompt #4: Do you believe in the expression “A photo is worth a thousand words”?
Why or why not?

Yes, because even when a photo only captures a moment there is a story behind that
moment in that photo, or even the photographer themselves. Photos can also spark
conversations between people that view them. Moreover, the different interpretations of how we
view photos add up to more than just a thousand words.
 Module 7 - Music

Journal Prompt #1: Among the international, national, and local singers, whose style do you
like the most? Why?

I would consider Mariah Carey as one of my favorite singers. First reason is that her
voice range is 5 octaves, which is wider than most singers. It is truly uncommon, and her high,
mid and low ranges all sound great. She also has mastered her whistle. Her voice is powerful,
wide ranged, beautiful, angelic and unique. She can also sing in many genres, like pop and
R&B. She also has a masterful control over her voice and is able to hit the whistle register with
ease. Mariah’s brilliance is in her technical control and vocal range, all things that may not be
noticeable to a novice listener or someone without musical experience or knowledge.

Journal Prompt #2: As an artist, what instrument/s do you consider as the best to be in a
musical concert? Why?

I would consider the acoustic guitar to be in a musical concert. As far as portability goes,
you can’t really beat the guitar. For most uses, it does not require electronics or amplification. It
is lightweight, and can fit easily in the trunk of a car or even the overhead storage of an airplane.
Also, it requires little maintenance or assembly. Once it is tuned, it is ready to play. It is a flexible
instrument, whose tone and timbre are suitable for most styles of music. The guitar plays a
central role in popular music, Rock, Latin, funk, jazz, and more. It has also made its way into
most other styles of music. Since it is relatively easy to learn to play the first note, scale or
chord, the guitar can be considered the most approachable instrument. The frets of the guitar
provide a clear division between notes. In fact, one does not even need to know precisely where
those points of division are. Unlike an instrument such as violin, which has no frets, it is
relatively easy to play a correct note on the guitar. The guitar is also popular because it is used
in so much music. In other words, the guitar is popular because the guitar is popular. When
music learners want to start playing their favorite songs, they often find that the guitar is the best
place to start, because it appears so often in popular music.

Journal Prompt #3: Explain this saying; “Music is the harmonious voice of creation, and echo
of the invisible world?”

Music is the production of a harmonious voice since music is a reflection of your spirit.
Music may convey whatever your soul wishes to say. It has the power to bring joy, love, hate,
grief, success, and even crises to life. Music is a reflection of your spirit. Outside, you may not
be able to express your true feelings, but through music, you may be able to convey the
message you want to send. It is the portal to our emotions. Feelings we don't generally share
with the rest of the world. However, we were able to communicate our message through song.
Because music is a part of our lives, it is critical that we appreciate it as much as we appreciate
life. Life is incomplete without music.
 Module 8 - Drama

Journal Prompt #1: Answer the following briefly. Choose only 3 questions to answer.

1. When can you say drama is good?

I can say drama’s existence is good as it is a form of entertainment that a lot of people
could enjoy. It is versatile, and in many cases, relatable. Drama has been a key part of
many cultures that I think without it, a major void would be created. Aside from that, drama
hugely benefits that people that are involved in it. The playwright can develop his/her
imagination and creativity in writing. They can explore different feelings, values and
thoughts, and can send a message to people in a creative and entertaining way. To the
people that act in a drama, they can master their body language, vocabulary, and facial
expressions, to deliver their lines and act out their roles.

2. What is the role of a playwright in a Theatrical Production?

Playwrights create and write a play. Their role is to be able to tell a story through written
word for the theatre. Playwriting is a skill unlike other kinds of writing because you’re not
writing something for people to read, but writing something that has to be performed. It is
their duty to create something that is not only entertaining but create something that says
about the human condition, family, love, and even death, which are all themes we all deal
with and with which we identify with. Playwrights are also like a modern movie director, they
oversee the process and production. They are not only monitoring the performances of the
actors, but the whole crew to ensure a successful performance.

3. What is the difference between ancient drama and modern drama?

Ancient dramas mostly existed in religious ceremonies for the worship of the different
gods while modern drama has a variety of themes like romantic fantasy, symbolism,
expressionism, impressionism, comedy, and poetic drama. Ancient dramas depict many
things about the particular culture that, like their religious stories, customs, and rituals.
Moreover, it is believed that theatre evolved from religious rituals, though is difficult to
decide at which point ritual became theatre. On a technical aspect, ancient drama was
performed outdoors using natural light, while modern drama is mostly performed indoors
using artificial light. In this regard, ancient drama can are mostly performed during daylight
hours, while modern dramas can be performed both day and night.
Journal Prompt #2: View a Drama Movie and analyze the film by answering the following
questions below. Choose only 3 questions to answer.

1. What is the title of the story?

Miracle in Cell No. 7

2. What is the story all about?

A father, Yong-Goo who is mentally handicapped, but loves his daughter very much, is
falsely accused of a crime and sent to prison. Yong-Goo is accused of kidnap and murder of a
little girl. The father of the dead girl is also the chief of the National Police Agency, so Yong-
Goo is given the death penalty and incarcerated. In prison, Yong-Goo shares a jail cell with five
other inmates, which became his close friends. They were able to help him see his daughter by
sneakily bringing her inside the cell. One day, Yong-Goo saves the life of his cellmate, So Yang-
Ho, from a rival prison gang leader. So Yang-Ho then offers to help Yong-Goo in any way he
can to return the favor. Yong-Goo tells So Yang-Ho that he wants to see his daughter Ye-
Seung, so the five inmates then plan to make a miracle happen.

3. What is the ending of the story?

The father dies, and her daughter becomes a lawyer. There are two courts scenes
mended together, one was the previous which decided the father's sentence, and the one is
around 20 years later with the daughter. The second court is there only to clear her father's
name. Although the father is already gone, it was symbolic, and heartwarming. It means a
lot for the daughter. The final is scene is Ye-Seung waving to a hot air balloon she imagined
with her and her father on top of it waving at her. She went into tears as she finally got to
save her father’s honor.
 Module 9 - Filipino Arts and Crafts

Journal Prompt #1: Compose a four-verse poem or song honoring the great Philippine
contemporary artists in this lesson. You may write it in whatever language or dialect you prefer.

Here is to all the Filipino artists

To the ones we consider eccentric
The one who articulates
What the soul seeks

The Filipino writers and poets

Whose works are impactful and historic
The sculptors and painters
With visual works that are historic

This if for the Filipino musicians and singers,

Who fill our lives with music
Photographers, filmmakers, weavers, or designers,
Who are all visually artistic

Cheers to all artists

For the beautiful works you have done
To all artist that embellish our existence
Who represent the three stars and a sun

Journal Prompt #2: Create a masterpiece (a drawing, a dance, a song, or whatever artistic
view). The rendition must show nationalism or promotion of a Filipino Traditional art.
Journal Prompt #3: Name at least three festivals celebrated in your region/municipality/City.
Enumerate the different activities that are showcased in these festivals.

P’gsalabuk

The “P’gsalabuk” festival is an annual festival in Dipolog City. The word “P’gsalabuk” in Subano
means “togetherness”. It aims to showcase the diversity of cultures in Dipolog City which
include the Lumad, Moro, and the varied and diverse culture of the settlers from all over the
Philippines as well as the Spanish, Chinese, American, and other Asian culture that have been
so meticulously woven and shaped into what is known as the unique Mindanao tri-people
culture.

Dahunog sa Dipolog

Dahunog sa Dipolog is an annual celebration that showcases different interschool competitions

in a parade band competition and the Search for Miss Teen tourism Dipolog. The name
“Dahunog” is derived from the sounds played during the event that resonates the streets.
Various schools display of music, colorful costumes, coordination of skills and body movements.
The celebration aims to display a city full of raw talents and highlights the different schools in
the city with cheerdance and musical competitions.

Kinabayo

“Kinabayo” is Dapitan City’s Fiesta in honor of Saint James the Greater, ”the Moor Slayer”. It I
celebrated annually every July. “Sinug” and “Kinabayo” have become a festivity, where “Sinug”
is purely veneration using San Francisco Leaves raised high, dancing through the rhythm of the
gong or beating of drums as the throng of devotees brings the Saint’s Icon to His Chapel, while
“Kinabayo” is a unique dramatization of the triumph of the Catholic Faith over Mohammedanism
followers with the intercession of the Saint through His apparition in the Battles of Clavijo and
Covadonga with the appearance of Our Lady of the Pilar. The contemporary take on these
festivals has added more colors to the allegorical dance drama presentation of the two events.