A.
Local Related Literature and Studies
The disposal of used plastic has long been a cause ofconcern, Plastic cannot also be
disposed of through burning since plastic fumes cause a wide range of ailments, including skin
diseases. asthma and some forms of cancer. Even recycling, widely endorsed to reduce solid
wastes, does not effectively reduce the volume of used plastic. According to this study, the
organism present in cornstarch is found to be useful in composting plastic that makes it more
biodegradable and compostable. (Mallari 2009)
The biodegradable plastic material decomposes along with composting plants in 60 days,
according to the DoST. Raw materials that go into the plastic come from renewable resource
based biopolymers such as cellulose, com, starch, and soya that are turned into powder form and
mixed with a solution. Non-biodegradable plastic takes a very long time to breakdown and are
harmful to our environment especially when it is not disposed properly. (Lawrence Casiraya I I
February 2014)
He said FIC "also had Bionolle Starcla, a compound derived frorn starch and plants."
Jimenez said, "Bags made from Bionolle Starcla biodegrade in soil, compost, fresh water
seawater and activated sludge where microorganisms are present, a product that has the same
physical properties (as ordinary plastic but) is still recyclable (and) will naturally biodegrade
when placed into microbial environments." plastics must be created in a natural way so that it
might give less harm to human. (Nilo Jimenez 2013)
In recent years, therefore. concern has been raised regarding the fabrication of
biodegradable composite materials and their subsequent mechanical such as tensile strength,
flexural strength, impact strength and interface strength. From a practical point of view, several
studies have examined the biodegradability of simple biodegradable plastics, while few studies
have examined the biodegradability behavior and long-term durability of the biodegradable
composite materials using natural fiber bundles. All this studies have proof about the durability
of starch-based bioplastics.
(Niihama 2011 )
The local law bans the use of plastic bags and Styrofoam package containers by city
business establishments. In line with the request approval, the city govemment has also allowed
the continued use of biodegradable plastics in stores and malls before resorting to use of paper
bags. We could replace some bio-based plastics for those non-friendly plastic made up of oils.
Reusable bags, recyclable paper bags and compostable or biodegradable bags. are allowed
alternatives. (Edwin Fernandez 2018)
Synthetic plastics are petrochemical-based. which means that they are not easily
degraded and would take almost a decade to decompose. This prompted lawmakers and plastic
makers worldwide to identify and develop durable biodegradable bio-based alternatives. The
downside, though, is that not all plastics can be replaced with biodegradable polymer, like those
single use plastics in which recycling is not an option. Then there is the cost of biodegradable
polymer which is slightly higher than the synthetic plastic. The marketability of the product such
as the customers' acceptance to the product, the way people accept the price competitiveness and
the quality of the
materials because that is specifically made from cornstarch which are inferior in quality and
quantity than those synthetic plastics. (Geraldine Bulaon-Ducusin 2016)
Utilizing renewable resources like agricultural wastes (instead of petroleum sources) and
their biodegradability in different environments enabled these polymers to be more easily
acceptable than the conventional plastics. The biculegradability of bioplastics is highly affected
by their physical and chemical structure. On the other hand, the environment in which they are
located, plays a crucial role in their biodegradation. (S.
Mehdi Emadian, Turgut T. Onay, Burak Demirel 2017)
Starch presents countless potentialities as a feedstock for the development of
biodegradable-based materials. This consideration is essentially related with starch inherent
biodegradability. low cost, worldwide availability, and functionality. Physicochemical and
functional properties of starch condition the potential applications of this in the
biomaterials industry. These features derive from starch botanical origin and the modifications
at which this polysaccharide was subjected.
(Carmen C. Tadini)
There is a growing interests in developing safe and environment-friendly packaging
materials. Nanocomposite sheets from mixture of nanosilica and com starch matrix, were
produced using three different extrusion temperature profiles and three different nano silica
concentration of I 2% and 3%. Addition of nanosilica improved the mechanical properties of the
nanocomposite sheets. Tensile strength increased, while elongation at break decreased. (Adeliza
A Dorado, Engelbert K Peralta, Emesto V
Carpio, Emesto P Lozada, Arnold R Elepafio 2017)
“TheTruthaboutBioplastics”
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://phys.org/news/2017-12-
truth-
bioplastics.amp&ved=2ahUKEwius6yEiOPgAhW8L6YKHejPDnoQFjALegQIBBAB&usg=A
OvVaw1-ZrspFy7LnmDGw40j6HkD&cf=1
