QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
METHODS
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
a method deals with
quantifying and analysis
variables in order to get
results.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
describes quantitative research
methods as the explaining of an issue or
phenomenon through gathering data in
numerical form and analyzing with the
aid of mathematical methods; in
particular statistics.
(Aliaga, and Gunderson, 2002)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
“Quantitative research involves the
collection of data so that information
can be quantified and subjected to
statistical treatment in order to
support or refute alternative
knowledge claims”
(Leedy & Ormrod 2001; Williams, 2011)
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
To test hypotheses,
To understand and
look at cause and
PURPOSE interpret social
effect, and make
interactions.
predictions.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
GROUP Smaller and not Larger and
STUDIED randomly selected. randomly selected.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Study of the whole, Specific variables
VARIABLES not variables. studied.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
TYPE OF
Words, images, or Numbers and
DATA objects. statistics.
COLLECTED
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
open-ended based on precise
FORM OF responses, interviews, measurements using
DATA participant structured and
observation, field validated data-
COLLECTED notes, reflections collection instruments.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
TYPE OF Identify patterns, Identify statistical
DATA features, themes. relationships.
ANALYSIS
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
OBJECTIVITY
Subjectivity is Objectivity is
AND
expected. critical.
SUBJECTIVITY
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Researcher and their Researcher and their
biases may be biases are not
known to known to
participants in the participants in the
ROLE OF
study, and study, and
RESEARCHER participant participant
characteristics may characteristics are
be known to the deliberately hidden
researcher. from the researcher.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Particular or Generalizable
specialized findings findings that can be
RESULTS
that is less applied to other
generalizable. populations.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
SCIENTIFIC Exploratory or Confirmatory or
METHOD bottom-up top-down
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
VIEW OF Dynamic,
Regular and
HUMAN situational, social,
predictable.
BEHAVIOR and personal.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
MOST
COMMON Explore, discover, Describe, explain,
RESEARCH and construct. and predict.
OBJECTIVES
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
FOCUS Wide-angle lens Narrow-angle lens
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Study behavior
Study behavior in a
NATURE OF under controlled
natural
OBSERVATION conditions; isolate
environment.
causal effects.
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
NATURE OF Multiple realities; Single reality;
REALITY subjective. objective
QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Statistical report
Narrative report
with correlations,
with contextual
comparisons of
FINAL description and
means, and
REPORT direct quotations
statistical
from research
significance of
participants.
findings.
APPROACHES TO CONDUCTING
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
embody a group of techniques used to
conduct quantitative research where
there is no manipulation done to any
variable in the study.
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal - Comparative Research
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal - Comparative Research
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
to describe, and interpret, the current
status of individuals, settings, conditions,
or events. (Mertler, 2014).
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Observational Research
Survey Research
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
quantification of observations
is the key distinction
SURVEY RESEARCH
to describe characteristics of a group of
population (Fraenkel et al., 2012)
SURVEY RESEARCH
Direct Administration
Mail Surveys
Telephone Surveys
Interviews
E-mail Surveys
TYPES OF SURVEY
Descriptive
Cross- sectional
Longitudinal
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal - Comparative Research
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
is to discover, and then possibly measure
relationships between two or more
variables.
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal - Comparative Research
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
it intends to study conditions that have
already occurred.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
a group of techniques wher the
researcher establishes different
treatments or conditions and then studies
their effects on the participants
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
RANDOM SELECTION
process of choosing, in random fashion,
individuals for participation in a research
study
RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
that every individual who has been
randomly selected to participate in the
experiment has an equal chance of being
assigned to any of the groups being
compared in the study.
TWO MAJOR CLASSES
OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
Single-variable designs
Factorial designs
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
PREEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS
One-shot Case Study
One-group Pretest-posttest Design
Static-group Comparison Design
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
FOUR CATEGORIES
Preexperimental Research Designs
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
True Experimental Research Designs
Single-Subject Research Designs
