WOLLO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INFORMATICS

Research proposal

Assessment of Computer Literacy and Attitude toward the use of computers

in Health care Among WU CMHS Students Dessie South Wollo June 2022

Submitted To Mr,Amare

Submission Date 05/011/2022

June, 2022

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 Dessie, Ethiopia

GROUP MEMBERS
Name ID

Alemu Setie……………………………………………..3474/11
Getasew Tarekegn…………………………..…………..3567/11
Melkamu Gebeyehu…………………………………….3618/11
Tigist Ketema………………………..………………….3694/11
Mastewal Zemen………………………………………..3605/11

 
 

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Acknowledgment

First of all, we would like to thank our almighty God who was with us all the time. Then with the
successful completion of this proposal it would not have been possible without the assistance and
cooperation of our group members who were helping on collecting the data. At last we want to
give our big thank for our instructors Amare for giving us the chance to do this research.

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Contents Page
List of Tables ……………………………..………………………………. 5

List of Figures …………….…………………..…………………….……. 6

Acronyms…………………………………..……………….…..….…..…. 7

Summary….………………………………………………………..…...… 1

Chapter One Introduction. ………………………..……..…….…..… 2

1.1 Background …………………………………………..……………… 2

1.2 Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….… 6

1.3 1.3 Rationale and Significance of the

Study…………………………………………………………………….. 7

1.4 Objectives of the study…………………………………………........ 8

1.4.1 General Objective…………………………………………………...8

1.4.2 Specific Objectives………………………………….……….…..…8

CHAPTER-TWO………………………………….………..……...….9

LITERATURE REVIEW………………….……….………….….…9
2.1The role or impact of Information

Technology in health………………………………………………....…9

2.2Knowledge and utilization of information technology………………9

2.3 Factors affecting IT utilization…………………………………..….11

CHAPTER-THREE………………………………………….……..14

Methodology………………………………………………….…..….14
3.1 Study design……………………………………………….…….…14

3.2 Study area…………………..………………….…………….…..…15

3.4 Population…………………………………………………….….…15

3.5 Study unit………………………………………..….……..….15

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3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria…………………………..…..15

3.7 Sampling technique……………………………………………15

3.8 Sample size determination……………………………..…..…16

3.9 Study Variables……………………………………………….16

3.9.1 Dependent variables……………………………………..…16

3.10 Operational Definitions…………………..……………..…..17

3.11 Data collection…………………………………………..….18

3.12 Data quality control…………………………………….…..18

3.13 Data processing and analysis……………………………….18

3.14 Ethical consideration……………………………………….19

3.15 Dissemination plan…………………………..……………..19

3.16 Work plan…………………………………………………..20

3.17 Budget………………………………………………………20

REFERENCE……….……..……………………………….….22

Annex……………………...……………………………….…...23

Questionnaire……………………………………………….….24

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Sample size determination at Wollo University college of medicine and health
science………………………………………………………………………………….17

Table 2: budget, Wollo university college of medicine and health science, May
2022…………………………………………………………………………………….21

Table 3: Part I. Questions on socio-demographic background of respondents in University of

Wollo College of medicine and health science, May 2022…………………………….25

Table 4: Part II. Questions on IT knowledge of respondents in university of Wollo college of

medicine and health science, May 2022………………………………………………..27

Table 5: Part III. Questions on IT access of respondents in university of Wollo college of

medicine and health science, may, 2022………………………………………………..30

Table 6: Part IV: 1. Questions on IT Skill of respondents in Wollo university college of medicine
and health science, may 2022…………………………………………………………34

Table 7: Part IV: 2. Questions on IT Utilization of respondents in Wollo university college of

medicine and health science, may 2022………………………………………………35

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: conceptual framework, Wollo University College of medicine and health science, May
2022…………………………………………………………………………………………….16

Figure 2: work plan, Wollo university college of medicine and health science, May
2022……………………………………………………………………………………………22

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Acronyms
ANC anti natal care

CAL -computer assisted learning

CMHS- College of medicine and health science

EPI-expanded program of immunization

ICT- information communication technology

IT- information technology

PMTCT- prevention of mother to child transmission

PNC- prenatal care

TB – tuberculosis

UNICEF-united nations children's fund

WHO – world health organization

CL- computer literacy

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 Summary

Introduction

These days incorporating information technology into every aspect of human activity results in
significant changes and makes tasks easier to complete. Information technology can aid in areas
like healthcare and medical education. It is critical to provide medical and health sciences
students with relevant knowledge and skills in information technology in order for information
technology applications to be effective in those fields. However, there is insufficient data on the
degree of expertise and information technology usage habits among Ethiopian medical and
health science students. The purpose of this study is to analyze information technology
knowledge and usage among students at the Wollo University College of Medicine and Health
Science.

Objective
The objective of this study is going to assess knowledge and utilization of information
technology and associated factors among Wollo University College of Medicine and Health
Science undergraduate students, Dessie, Northern Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods
From May 5 to 15, 2022, an institution-based cross-sectional study will be undertaken at the
Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science. The Study participants will be chosen
using a multi-stage sampling process. Data on knowledge and usage of information technology,
as well as related factors, will be collected using a pretested and standardized self-administered
questionnaire. For analysis and inference on the degree of knowledge, utilization, and
determining factors, descriptive statistics (mean, median) and multivariate logistic regression
techniques will be used with the help of SPSS version 25.0.

Work plan and budget

This study will be carried out between May and July 2022, with an estimated budget of 9,398
ETB.

Keywords: Information Technology, Information Technology knowledge, Information

Technology utilization

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 CHAPTER-ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Wollo University is Ethiopia's old and one of the country's first generation universities. It is
situated in Ethiopia's love and peace town Dessie town. Wollo University envisions being one of
the top five Universities in terms of outstanding quality education, research, Technology transfer,
and community development services in Ethiopia by 2017 E.C/ 2025 G.C. Wollo University has
five faculties, with the college of medicine and health science being the first.

Computer literacy can be defined as someone's knowledge and ability to use a computer and
other Information and Communications Technology (ICT) effectively. It covers everything from
using a computer's hardware and software to perform basic tasks to more advanced computer
programming.[1]

In academics, a computer literate student should be able to apply the knowledge of computer
technology to do research and perform tasks related to his major discipline.

Based on our findings, with only 40% of Ethiopian high schools having computers, it may be a
difficult challenge to ensure that pupils are well-versed in the usage of computers. The majority
of the schools that do have computers are in Addis Ababa.[2]

According to a baseline survey undertaken by the Ministry of Education, computers are present
at most Ethiopian universities and institutions of higher learning. However, because these
computers are few, they are usually shared at a 10:1 student-to-computer ratio. Despite the
existence of computers, the majority of the institutions lacked a network infrastructure and had
limited connectivity, according to the survey.[17]

The above 2 paragraphs can indicate higher level education students are not proficient in
computer use. Although the advancement of technology has created the department health
informatics to expand use of technology in healthcare. Mostly, medical student may not get the
chance to develop the skills unless they are health informatics department student. Therefore this

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gap need to be filled as the technology is in front line. Unfortunately, only implementation of
technology by health informatics professionals and students can’t bring change in use of
technology in healthcare. All other health professionals are also required to administer
technology to see improvement.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Nowadays, computer innovation is getting improved and advanced. But it is
our responsibility to utilize computer innovation and increase the security of patient’s data. To
some extent, this happens when WU CMHS Undergraduate students know how to utilize the
computer in their every day work. Different studies have shown the lack of basic knowledge of
computers and software on behalf of healthcare professionals. [5]Having the knowledge how to
make use of computer can aid in storage of medical records, betterment of patient care, life
support system, secure and organized data and patient monitoring system. One of the essential
goals of making health professionals gain computer skills is development of electronic medical
record. Therefore, before implementing electronic medical record, it is essential to know the
current information on the attitudes and skills of healthcare students so that we can successfully
shape the students to have the knowledge and interest. Based on our hypothesis, WU CMHS
students have a little skill in handling computer .This study point is to fill this gap. [6]

1.3 Rationale and Significance of the Study

The goal of this study is to examine and analyze the skills and attitudes of Wollo University
Health Science and Medicine students. This study attempts to better understand how technology
is being used in the health-care system, as well as why executives who see equal levels of
potential make different decisions about whether or not to pursue environmental certification..

Knowing the students' abilities allows for the development of more tailored training programs, as
well as the commencement of environmental projects that advance the use of information and
technology in health care delivery.

As a result of doing this research, three major contributions are expected: With a greater
awareness of why computer skills are so important in today's and tomorrow's health systems,

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health professionals and practitioners will improve their skills by attending trainings and using
different platforms.(8)

1.4 Objectives of the study

1.4.1 General Objective

The main objective of the study was to Assess the level of Computer literacy and attitude toward
the use of computers in Health care among WU CMHS students 2022

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives are:

 To assess computer literacy level of WU CMHS students in 2022

 To know the attitude toward in use of computers in health care among WU CMHS
students 2022

CHAPTER-TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The role or impact of Information Technology in health

Computer knowledge is becoming increasingly important in all fields, including medicine.
Information Technology (IT) has had a significant impact on health care delivery systems around

the world since the invention of the computer and the advent of the Internet, particularly in the
areas of disease control, diagnosis, patient management, and education.(5).

Health-care systems around the world are being transformed by rapid advances in information
technology and the rising availability of electronic health information. Portable electronic
gadgets, network database applications, electronic medical records, and computer software
packages have become increasingly incorporated into many health-care settings thanks to
technological advancements. As a result of these changes, health-care providers will need to
learn how to use technology effectively in order to provide high-quality care. However, due to a
lack of awareness and access to computers, the impact of IT on medical practice in developing
countries is minimal.(6).

The relevance of the interaction between IT and the health sector determines the impact of IT on
the health sector. In the health-care system, information technology plays a critical role in

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increasing and streamlining operational efficiencies. In health-care businesses, IT's job is to
simplify work, aid in the transition to paperless operations, and eliminate old systems. It also
assists hospitals in automating data and processes related to patient electronic health records
(EHR), pharmacy information systems, and maintaining patient confidentiality.(7).

2.2 Knowledge and utilization of information technology

The majority of studies conducted in the industrialized world found that students' ability to use
technology is high, as evidenced by 84 percent of undergraduate students in Glasgow, United
Kingdom, and 95 percent of undergraduate dental students in Oulu, Finland. In several East and
Central Asian nations, such as Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, where 94 percent and 95 percent of
medical students, respectively, utilize computers for their medical education, there is also an
optimistic trend of IT usage.(4) (8).

According to a study conducted in Bangalore City among Interns at Dental Colleges on the
assessment of Information Technology Use, 77 percent of the 300 participants had access to a
computer at home, but just 23 percent had access to a computer at university. 85 percent of
participants said computer accessibility and use were excellent, and 70 percent said they had
learned how to use computers through personal computer courses. In order to enhance their
studies, 92 percent of participants used a computer to access the internet, and 81 percent used a
computer to do Microsoft word processing. 79 percent of participants utilized computers for
academic purposes, and 81 percent of 300 participants said it was simple to access and use the
internet. (9).

The majority of research undertaken in Africa revealed that medical students' IT skills and use
were quite limited. A study on knowledge and use of information technology among health care
professionals and students was conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, with a total of 148 participants, of
whom 82 percent responded, including 60 medical students, 41 medical doctors, and 47 health
records staff, with ages ranging from 22 to 54 years. According to the survey, 54 percent of
respondents had received some type of computer training, while the remaining 46 percent had
not. The majority of responders (74%) did not have access to a computer. This means only 26%
of respondents owned a computer. In addition to this 18.9% of respondents demonstrated a good
knowledge of computers, 58.8% had average knowledge and only 22.3% showed poor
knowledge. 39.9% of respondents showed a good attitude and good utilization habits, 33.8% had
average attitude and utilization habits and 26.4% demonstrated poor attitude and utilization

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habits. 25% of students and 27% of doctors had good computer knowledge, and only 4.3% of the
record officers showed a good knowledge. 50% of medical students, 54% of the doctors and 27%
of the health records officers demonstrated good utilization habits and attitudes(8).

According to a study conducted in a Nigerian teaching hospital on computer and internet use by
final year medical and dental students, 80% of students had used a computer, but software
application use was poor, with computer games accounting for 19% of usage and word
processing software accounting for 18%. Only 43% of first-year clinical and nursing students
were able to use the computer in the same context. (10) (11).

A study of medical students from a resource-poor setting in Nigeria found that 50.6 percent of
the students were familiar with computer technology and how to use it. Lack of time and access
to a computer were the main variables affecting their computer expertise. While 37% of students
received official computer training, 60% of students who were already familiar with computers
learned through self-study. The majority of students (80%) want computer instruction to be part
of the medical school curriculum. (4).

A study conducted in Ethiopia at Wollo University on Knowledge and utilization of information

technology among health science students shows that out of 1096 students (97.8% response rate)
almost half of respondents (51%) had ICT knowledge and 46% students utilized ICT. 47% of
students never used electronic communication like email and 39% of the students never used
Microsoft office (12).

2.3 Factors affecting IT utilization

Sociodemographic factors
A study conducted in Tanta University, Egypt on Utilization of Information and Communication
Technology among Undergraduate Nursing Students demonstrated that parents’ educational
levels affect students’ skill. According to the finding students whose fathers had secondary
education and above, had total self-rating score significantly higher than those whose fathers had
below secondary education. Also, students from educated mothers rated themselves as having
good abilities in computer operations but with no significant relationship. Sociodemographic
factor like Place of residence considered by this study as rural students’ total self-rating score

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was significantly higher than that of urban students. This is surprising as more challenges in
using ICT devices were expected from rural students(3).

A study conducted in Ethiopia among students of Bahir Dar Health Science College on
knowledge, utilization IT and factors associated with IT utilization demonstrated that
sociodemographic factors like parental educational status, and field of study were found to be
significantly associated with the information technology utilization(13).

According to a study conducted at Wollo University in North Ethiopia on knowledge and use of
information communication technology (ICT) among health science students, the disparity in
ICT usage could be due to the availability of ICT facilities (such as Internet connectivity,
electricity, and telephones) in urban areas versus rural areas in most developing countries.(12).

Economic factors
A study conducted in Tanta University, Egypt on Utilization of Information and Communication
Technology among Undergraduate Nursing Students demonstrated Students who had enough
family income (institutional factors) reported total self-rating score significantly higher than
those who had low family income. This study stated that also this result may probably be related
with availability ICT facilities at home(10).

A study conducted at Wollo University, North Ethiopia illustrated majority of the students do not
have their own computers, and This was associated with financial constraints(12).

Institutional factors
The limitations to information technology use in the health industry were found in an Ethiopian
survey on ICT penetration and usage. The lack of necessary equipment (accessories) and the lack
of an IT strategic strategy were the impediments. In terms of closing the gaps, the country's
present IT strategy is positive, particularly in terms of scaling up IT infrastructures at all levels of
service delivery. As a result, medical schools should seize this chance to include computer
courses in their curricula so that Health Science students can gain the necessary skills for their
future careers. (14).

The level of computer knowledge and utilization among health science students was correlated
with institutional factors such as computer access, IT course taken, inadequacy of computer labs
and computers, according to a study conducted at Wollo University in North Ethiopia on

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knowledge and utilization of information communication technology (ICT) among health science
students.(12).

IT knowledge
A study conducted in Marrakech, Morocco on IT utilization among 3 rd and 6th year medical
students shows lack of knowledge on internet use, difficulties to find appropriate information
(40%) and lack information about useful medical websites (63.8%) are the main reasons for no
or less utilization of IT for medical education (15).

A study conducted at Wollo University, North Ethiopia revealed that students’ knowledge about
ICT was contributed to such low levels of ICT utilization(12).

Other factors
A study conducted in Ethiopia among students of Bahir Dar Health Science College on
knowledge, utilization of IT and factors associated with IT utilization demonstrated that previous
IT training status and IT skill were found to be significantly associated with the information
technology utilization(13).Study carried out at Wollo University, North Ethiopia signifies the
low utilization of ICT was associated with ICT training that run in the collage(12).

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Conceptual framework

•
Figure 1: conceptual framework, Wollo University College of medicine and health science, May
202

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 CHAPTER-THREE

Methodology
3.1 Study design
The study design we are planning to use is cross-sectional study as the data collection process
happens at single point in a time. Also cross-sectional study is relatively cheap and less time
consuming than others.

3.2 Study area

The research will be conducted at Dessie, college of medicine and health science, which is one of
the two campuses of Wollo University. It is located in Ethiopia, Amhara region, Dessie town
around 450 kilometers away from Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia.

3.3 Study period

The study period will be form May 12 2022 to June 2 2022.

3.4 Population

3.4.1 Source population

All regular second year and above Wollo University undergraduate students.

3.4.2 Study population

All regular second year and above Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Sciences
undergraduate students.

3.5 Study unit

The study unit will be selected students from departments of Health informatics, physiotherapy,
medicine, psychiatry, anesthesia, environmental and occupational health, optometry, nursing ,
midwifery and laboratory.

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria

3.6.1 Inclusion criteria

Regular undergraduate students ranging from 2nd year to graduate classes who are present
and consented during the study period will be included.

3.6.2 Exclusion criteria

Our study will exclude students who are seriously ill during the data collection.

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 3.7 Sampling technique
Because the population is not homogeneous, total samples will be drawn from the study's
participants utilizing a multistage sampling procedure. We will stratify students based on their
department (nursing, midwifery, laboratory, pharmacy, health informatics, medicine, anesthesia,
and environmental health) in the first stage, and then again depending on their year of study in
the second stage. Participants will be chosen using a stratified random sampling procedure in
each year of the study. To choose study volunteers from each stratum, simple random sampling
will be utilized.

3.8 Sample size determination

The study uses a single proportion determination formula with 5% margin of error and 95%
confidence interval.
Where,
n = the required sample size
d = desired precision (5%)
P = based on previous studies showing the proportion of IT utilization and knowledge, a
prevalence of 30.9% IT utilization and 75.3% IT knowledge among health science students are
used(13).
Table 1: Sample size determination at Gondar University college of medicine and health science

Categories Proportion Sample size (ni)

Computer literacy 75.3% 286
Utilization of computer 30.9% 328

Z α/2 = 1.96 at confidence level 95%

p = 0.309, d = 0.05, Z = 1.96 (i.e., for a 95% C.I.)
ni= Z2p(1-p)/d2
ni= (1.96)2(0.309 × 0.691) / (0.05)2
ni= (1.96×1.96). (0.309×0.691)/0.0025 ≈ 328

By considering 10% non-response =328× 0.1 ≈ 33

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n=328+33=361

3.9 Study Variables

3.9.1 Dependent variables

Dependent variables include Knowledge and utilization of computer

3.9.2 Independent variables

Socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, year of study, Previous residence, field of
study, Parental educational status), Accessibility of IT, Family monthly income, Previous
information technology training status, Personal computer ownership, Current information
technology course taken, IT knowledge, availability of computer lab session, IT skill

3.10 Operational Definitions

Information Technology: is a technology which uses computers to gather, process,
store, protect, and transfer information(16). Mainly focuses on respondent’s knowledge,
access and utilization of computer, Internet and electronic documents (like CD ROM)
(13).

Knowledge on Information Technology: The information, understanding and skills that

respondents’ gain through education or experiences on computer and its application.

Respondents who will score mean value and above for a set of 18 basic Information
Technology knowledge question will be rated as Satisfactory knowledge on Information
Technology; those scoring below mean value for a set of 18 basic Information
Technology knowledge questions will be rated as Unsatisfactory knowledge on
Information Technology (13).

Access to Information Technology: availability of computer, lab, internet service, and

equipment.

IT skills: refers to the skills needed to perform various IT tasks.

In this study, respondents who will able to open the program and able to do some of the
MS office program of the specified computer applications will be rated as having basic
skill; those having the basic skill and developed additional skills including the use of
different software programs and able to operate the specified computer application

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 regularly for academic purpose will be rated as average skill; those knowledgeable of
hardware, software and able to operate the specified computer application beyond the
routine office application like troubleshoot, advise and teach others will be rated as
advanced skill (13).

Information Technology Utilization: the use of computer and its application in

respondents’ daily task and occasionally when needed. In this study, respondents who
will score mean value and above for a set of seven utilization related questions will be
rated as Good utilization rate; those who will score below mean value for a set of seven
utilization related questions will be rated Poor utilization rate (13).

3.11 Data collection

The data to be collected include qualitative and quantitative. For qualitative data collection we
will use the technique non-participatory Observation. For quantitative data type, we will use
questionnaire.

Document review will be one of the sources we will use to conduct the research. We will
administer written questionnaire as the number of samples are many in number. In-depth
interview will be carried out.

3.12 Data quality control

The data collectors will receive training on how to fill out the consent form, collect data, and
deal with ethical issues. Each day of the data collecting period, the pretested questionnaire will
be reviewed for completeness and consistency. Before accepting the data and beginning to utilize
it, data collectors will hold a daily regular meeting every day till the end of data collecting to
address issues and check whether there are any unneeded or missing factors.

3.13 Data processing and analysis

There will be coding for separate answers and missing values of the entered values. Responses
from questionnaire will be entered to computer, checked for errors and the entry will be saved
then the data will be cleaned and analyzed. The analysis is done using computer. Collected Data
will be entered into EPI INFO version 7.2.4 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for further
analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, frequencies, tables,

21
figure and percentages will be used to describe and summarize the data. Chi square and
multivariate logistic regression will be used to determine factors associated with the outcome
variable.

3.14 Ethical consideration

Ethical clearance and permission will be obtained from ethical committee of Dessie University,
College of Medicine and Health Sciences before beginning data collection. Informed consent
will be obtained from participants and confidentiality will be maintained by omitting their
personal identification and keeping respondents’ anonymous.

3.15 Dissemination plan

The study's findings will be presented to the department of Health Informatics at Dessie
University's College of Medicine and Health Sciences. The final study report will be made
available to the Dessie University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences library in both hard
and soft copies.

3.16 Work plan

Figure 2: work plan, Wollo university college of medicine and health science , May 2022

22
3.17 Budget
Table 2: budget, Wollo university college of medicine and health science , May 2022

s/n Budget category Unit cost Multiplying factor Total cost

1 Stationery Cost per item Number
materials
Questionnaire 2 birr per 2 X (5 X 361) 3,610
duplication questionnaire
Clip board 50 10 500
Pen 10 10 100
Pencil 10 5 50
Flip chart paper 100 1 100
Sharpener 10 3 30
Eraser 10 1 10
Marker 30 5 150
Printer paper pack 250 2 500
Photo copy cost 1 100 100
Printing and binding 50 6 300
Subtotal 5,450
2 Personnel Number of Cost per Number of
person person days
Per diem for Data 10 40 5 2000
collectors

Per diem for 2 50 5 500

Supervisors

Subtotal 2500
3. Supplies Number of Cost per pieces
pieces
tape recorder 3 300 900

23
 Mobile card 4 25 100
Subtotal 1000
2 Total Total 8950
3 Contingency (5%) 5% X (total) 448
4 Grand total 9398

3.18 REFERENCE
• Computer literacy [Internet].  [place unknown:wikipidia]; [updated 25 April
2022].avalible from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_literacy

• Solen F. Living in Wait.The Learning Lives of High School Students in Addis Ababa.
December 2016

• Bello UL, Elshafie IF, Yunusa U, Ladan MA, Abdullahi SG, Mba CJ. Nursing & Primary
Care Utilization of Information and Communication Technology among Undergraduate
Nursing Students in Tanta University , Egypt. 2017;1(6):1–8

• Ameh N, Kene TS, Ameh EA. Computer knowledge amongst clinical year medical
students in a resource poor setting. Afr Health Sci. 2008;8(1):40–3.

• Bello IS, Arogundade FA, Sanusi AA, Ezeoma IT, Abioye-Kuteyi EA, Akinsola A.
Knowledge and utilization of information technology among health care professionals
and students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A case study of a University Teaching Hospital. J Med
Internet Res. 2004;6(4).

• Brock TP, Smith SR. An interdisciplinary online course in health care informatics. Am J
Pharm Educ. 2007;71(3).

• Atarodi A, Atarodi A. The impact of information technology on health. J Res Heal.

2019;9(3):193–4.

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• Ajuwon GA. Use of the Internet for health information by physicians for patient care in a
teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Biomed Digit Libr. 2006;3:1–9.

• Key A, Sch T, Sci JD, Bhat PK, Kumari A, Giriraju A, et al. Scholars Journal of Dental
Sciences ( SJDS ) Assessment of Use of Information and Communication Technology
among Interns in Dental Colleges of Bangalore City – A Cross Sectional Survey. 1975;

• Asangansi O. Farri OM. Computer use among doctors in Africa: Survey of trainees in a
Nigerian teaching hospital. J Health Inform Dev Ctries. 2008;2(January):10–4.

• Ajuwon GA. Computer and internet use by first year clinical and nursing students in a
Nigerian teaching hospital. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2003;3(1).

• Woreta SA, Kebede Y, Zegeye DT. Knowledge, and utilization of information

communication technology (ICT) among health science students at the University of
Wollo, North Western Ethiopia. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak [Internet]. 2013;13(1):1.
Available from: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

• Dar B. UNIVERSITY OF WOLLO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH

SCIENCES SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND
HEALTH SCIENCE. 2011;

• Ababa A. Ethiopia : Building on Progress : A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained

Development to End Poverty ( PASDEP ) Ministry of Finance and Economic
Development ( MoFED ). 2009;I(October 2005).

• Hattab NM, Lahmiti S, Abdelaziz A Ben, Saidi H, Fikry T. Internet and medical student
in Marrakech. Ann Afr Med. 2010;9(2):68–71.

• Basic Concepts of Information and Communication Technology Notes.

• Harry H. SURVEY OF ICT AND EDUCATION IN AFRICA: Ethiopia Country

Report .ICT in Education in Ethiopia, June 2001

• Gondar Population 2022[Internet].  [place unknown: world population review];

2022.available from https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/gondar-population

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 3.19 Annex
Consent form
GREETINGS: Good morning, Good afternoon, good evening (According to its convenience)

My name is ________________________ from Wollo university college of medicine and

health science , Department of Health Informatics. We are working in this research team
knowledge and utilization of information technology (IT) and associated factors among
Wollo university college of medicine undergraduate students, Dessie, Northern Ethiopia,
2022.

And I am going to give you some questionnaire that is very important for the administrators of
Wollo university to plan for improved intervention. Would you mind if I take some minutes with
you? Your name will not be included in the information, we promise to keep the confidentiality
of your reply. It takes us about 25 minutes. As a result, I kindly request you to participate in
genuinely answering the questions.

A,I agree to participate B,I don’t agree to participate

If agree, continue give questionnaire and at the end thank you for your cooperation!!

If no, thank and stop giving questionnaire and pass to the next respond.

26
Name of data collector ……... Sign……

Questionnaire ID ……………

Date _ / _ / _

Time of start answering questions………

Time of end answering questions ……

Questionnaire
Direction: Choose one possible answer and incircle it

Part I. Socio-demographic background

Answer the given question by circling the number

Table 3: Part I. Questions on socio-demographic background of respondents in University of

Wollo College of medicine and health science, May 2022.

NO Questions Response skip

1 Age
_____________years (age is
completed years)
2 Sex • Male
• Female
3 Previous residence • Urban
• Rural
4 Year of study • Second
• Third
• Fourth
• Fifth
• Sixth
• Seventh

27
5 Field of study • Nursing
• Pharmacy
• Health informatics
• Public health
• Environmental health
• Anesthesia
• Radiology
• Medicine
• Medical laboratory
• Midwifery

6 What is your father’s educational status? • Illiterate

• Read and write
• Primary education (1-
8)
• Secondary (9-10)
• (11-12) and above
7 What is your mother’s educational • Illiterate
status? • Read and write
• Primary education (1-
8)
• Secondary (9-10)
• (11-12) and above
8 How much is your family monthly _______in birr
income?

Part II. Knowledge

Answer the given question by circling the number

28
Table 4: Part II. Questions on IT knowledge of respondents in university of Wollo college of
medicine and health science, May 2022

NO Questions Response skip

1 Which of the following are secondary • Compact Disk
computer data storage tools? (Encircle as • Floppy Disk
much as you know) • Mouse
• Flash Disk (USB)
• Key board
• Monitor
• Server
• DVD
• RAM
2 A digital Computer does its computation • True
using binary systems (0 and 1). • False

3 A Compact Disk (CD) is hardware

• True
• False

4 The CPU is hardware. • True

• False

5 Communications between PCs Made by • True

different Vendors is impossible. • False

6 Only data put in the data base form can be • True

accessed using a network. • False

7 Digital sound and video can be • True

29
 communicated over a network. • False

8 According to coverage a computer network • True

can be Local Area Network (LAN), • False
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and
Wide Area Network (WAN).

9 Networks allow different Personal • True

Computers (PCs) to access the same files. • False

10 The global Network of Networks is called • True

the Internet. • False

11 E-mail is the fastest and secured mode of • True

mail communication. • False

12 An organization can have an Intranet mail • True

system. • False

13 WWW stands for World Wide Web. • True

• False

14 A floppy Disk has a larger capacity than the • True

Compact Disk • False

15 RAM is a permanent memory in the • True

computer. • False

16 A modem allows computers to • True

30
 communicate using telephone line. • False

17 People who work at home can • True

communicate with their office using the • False
modem for their Internet connection

18 Please select terminologies that you • Icon

confidently know their meanings from the • Hypertext link
list (encircle as much as you know their • Button
meaning) • Dial up connectivity
• Online
communication
• Hardware
• Tool bar
• Internet account
• URL
• Website
• System unit
• Browser
• Folder
• Menu
• Search engine
• Software
• Computer viruses
• Operating system
• Windows
environment
• Formatting disks

31
 Part III. Access toward IT
Instruction: Please encircle the answer from the list under the categories that best describes the
question.

Table 5: Part III. Questions on IT access of respondents in university of Wollo college of

medicine and health science, may, 2022

NO Questions Response skip

1 Have you had any formal training in • Yes if NO
Information Technology? • No skip
to 3

2 If yes, indicate which category of • (< 6 months) Short

training you took? course
• (6month – 1 Year)
Certificate
• Diploma
• Degree

3 Do you have a computer? • Yes if NO

• No skip
to 5

4 If yes, which type? • Desktop

• Laptop
• Palm top
• PDA

5 Do you have access to IT resources like • Yes

computer, internet and electronic • No
documents (i.e., in a form of CDROM
on your field of specialty) in your
32
 college? (This may be in the library or
computer lab)
6 Do you have Internet access? • Yes if NO
• No skip
to 8

7 If yes, where do you access more • Home

commonly? • Computer
laboratory
• Internet Café
• Other specify
8 Have you taken an IT course in your • Yes if NO
current study? • No skip
to 10

9 If yes, in which year of education? • First

• Second
• Third
• Fourth
• Fifth
• Sixth
• Seventh
10 Do you have a computer lab session • Yes if NO
during your computer course? • No skip
to 12
11 If yes, are you satisfied with the • Yes
practical session in terms of the number • No
of computers, time for exercise and help • Not sure
from the lab assistant?
12 Do you think information technology • Yes
has a role in your profession? • No

33
 • Not sure
13 What information/Knowledge resources • Text books
do you use for reference in your studies? • Photocopies of
(Choose all that can apply to you) textbooks
• Lecture notes made
by self
• Lecture notes made
by instructor
• Videos
• Electronic text
books
• Journals
• Online journals
• (Others) specify

14 Have you ever used a computer assisted • Yes, in high school

learning package? (Hint: learning • Yes, at home
packages through CDROM, Online • Yes, in college
Education, Video conferencing, etc...) • I have never used a
(Please choose as appropriate) computer assisted
learning package
• I have never heard
this term before

15 Which of these statements best describes • I feel very

the way you feel about computer? confident using
computer
• I feel I can cope
• I am completely
lacking in
confidence

34
 Part Iv: Skill and Utilization
1) Assessment of your IT Skill. (Please complete the table below by putting “X” sign in the
appropriate boxes)

Table 6: Part Iv: 1. Questions on IT Skill of respondents in Wollo university college of medicine
and health science, may 2022

Your competence of computer If your response for the

skill (Tick one box for each competence is Basic/Average/
skill) Advanced. Please, tick where do
you acquire the skill.
No Questions Non Basic Avera Advan High Unive IT Self /
e (1) (2) ge (3) Ced (4) Sch rsity/ traini Hom
ool Colle ng e(4
(1) ge (2) Instit
ute(3)

1 Using Microsoft
word application
2 Spreadsheets
(Excel)
3 Graphics (like
Microsoft
picture)
Presentation
(like
PowerPoint)
4 Internet-World
wide Web
5 E-mail

35
 6 Database use (an
existing data
base)

7 Conducting
basic
maintenance
(like formatting,
install software)
8 Database design
(set up a
database)
9 Programming
NB: None: If you never operate the application program like Microsoft Office (Word,
Excel, PPT etc...).

IT skills:

In this study, respondents who will able to open the program and able to do some of the
MS office program of the specified computer applications will be rated as having basic
skill; those having the basic skill and developed additional skills including the use of
different software programs and able to operate the specified computer application
regularly for academic purpose will be rated as average skill; those knowledgeable of
hardware, software and able to operate the specified computer application beyond the
routine office application like troubleshoot, advise and teach others will be rated as
advanced skill (13).

2) Utilization of the available IT infrastructure

Instruction: Please select from the list and encircle the corresponding number according to the
instruction under each question.

Table 7: Part Iv: 2. Questions on IT Utilization of respondents in Wollo university college of

medicine and health science, may 2022

36
No Questions Response Skip

1 Have you ever used a computer? (If yes, • Yes, Almost every day if
how often) (Choose one only) • Yes, Once a week never
• Yes, once in two weeks used
• Yes, once in a month or skip to
more end
• Never used a computer

2 When did you use a computer for the first ________months ago,
time? (Please answer in either month or or _________years ago
years)

3 When have you used computer last time? • Yesterday

• 3 days before
• A week before
• A month before
4 Have you used a computer as part of a • Yes
course at school or college? • No

5 Do you have an email address? • Yes

• No

6 Do you use the Internet? • Yes if NO

• No skip to
63
7 If yes, where do you use the Internet more • Home
commonly? • College
• Internet Café
• _______Other specify

37
8 What do you use the Internet for? • Mail
• Research/Education
• Film/News
• Forum online
• File transfer
• Chatting
• Game
• ___________Others
(mention)

9 How often do you use the Internet? • Occasionally

• Once per week
• 2-3 times per week
• 4 and more times per
week

10 Have you ever produced a presentation • Yes if NO

using power point tools yourself? • No skip to
end
11 If yes, how many times have you • Once
produced a presentation? • 2- 3 times
• More than three times

THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!!

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39