FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY MODEL UNITED NATIONS

DELEGATE
HANDBOOK
Date: In:
17-19 June 2022 HCM City, Vietnam
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 All about FTU MUN

02 Conduct Expectation

06 Glossary

12 Theme & Committee

14 Award at MUN

16 Position paper

18 Resolution

22 Amendments

Rules of Procedure:
24 Normal Committee

26 General rules

30 Flow of Debates

43 Crisis Procedure
 ALL ABOUT FTU MUN

MUN (Model United Nations) is a

conference model that simulates United
Nations meetings.

Delegates will act as diplomats and politicians, each

Delegates representing a nation and come up with solutions to
best deal with the situations that their nation is
currently facing or have faced.

There will be Chairs (Directors) to regulate debates

according to the Rules of Procedure. They are seated
in the front of the committee room and can call on
delegates to speak, time speeches, open the floor to
Chair motions and facilitate votes on motions offered by
the delegates. They also often give feedback to the
delegates to help improve their skills; for example,
ways to better express their ideas, opinions. At the
end of the conference, they choose the delegates to
receive diplomacy awards.

About FTU MUN 2022, this is the first MUN event organized by Foreign Trade
University (FTU), focusing on economic - political - social fields. Following the
three mentioned fields, there are the Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural
Committee (SOCHUM), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the UNSC -
Crisis Committee.

02
ALL ABOUT FTU MUN

TIMELINE FTU MUN 2022

TIME 17/06 18/06 19/06

- Opening Ceremony - Session 2

Morning - Session 4
- Lunch time - Lunch time

- Session 1 (including

Afternoon - Session 3 - Photoshoot

tea break)

- Closing ceremony
- Social event/

Evening - Big game - Dinner time

community bonding
- Prom

03
CONDUCT EXPECTATION

Our aim is to create an environment at

Foreign Trade University Model United
Nations (FTU MUN) that supports our

AIM
educational missions. Professionalism in
speech, actions, and appearance by all
participants (delegates, head delegates,
faculty, delegation leaders, observers,
secretariat, staff, and board members) is a
requirement of all FTU MUN conferences.
These guidelines are provided to help
establish clear expectations.

Concerns relating to individual

behavior in a committee should first
be addressed to the staff in said
CONCERNS

committee. Larger concerns, such

as violence, sexual harassamment,
or discrimination issues, may be
referred to conference organizers.
Organizers may also be contacted
directly through information
services volunteer staff.

FTU MUN reserves the right to ban violators from further

participation and/or restrict future registration for any participant
or school unable to uphold their responsibility to the conference’s
expectations.

04
 GENERAL STANDARD

Treat everyone, including non-FTU

MUN participants/observers/…, with
the highest level of courtesy and
respect at all times, including on social
media and in electronic
communications.
Enjoy the variety of activities available
at our conference venues. Please bear
in mind, however, that the purpose of
being here is participation in FTU MUN.
Disruption during committee sessions
or causing problems in the venue or
other facilities will not be tolerated.
Respect academic integrity; plagiarism
will not be tolerated.
Alcohol is not allowed in any of our
committee sessions.
DELEGATES Possession or use of illicit drugs is
prohibited at all times. Any issues
related to illicit drugs may be directed
Remain in character by
to the attention of local authorities.
consistently advocating the
Follow the Dress Code while attending
interests and representing the
conference events.
policies of the country assigned. To
Respect the property of the
act in character also entails
conferences, our host venue, and any
displaying respect for the opinions
other facilities used. Keep in mind that
and ideas of fellow delegates, even
our facility partners have separate
if these opinions and ideas conflict
policies that include the potential for
with a given delegate’s own
removal from their properties.
country's priorities.
Collaborate with fellow delegates
whenever possible.
HEAD DELEGATES

If assigned to a committee, follow the

delegates expectations. If serving
solely in an advisory role, follow the
faculty expectations.
Attend and participate in head
delegates meetings.

05
 FACULTY

Make efforts to ensure that students

maintain a positive and professional
approach to the conference and help them
understand the skills of diplomacy as
practiced at FTU MUN.
Serve as information resources when
appropriate, but do not participate in the
actual writing of resolutions or caucusing
activities; participation in the committee
process must be left to the delegates and
the conference volunteer staff.
Quietly observe your students from the
back of committee rooms.
Refrain from using academic credit and
grading policies that force participation
beyond a country’s normal position in the
UN; awards should not be a delegation’s
main emphasis.
Attend and participate in any faculty
advisors meetings.

OBSERVERS

SAFETY AND SECURITY Observers are required to adhere

to the same expectations as all
other conference attendees.
Your safety and security are your personal Observers may not be enrolled
responsibility. Take full advantage of this university students or faculty
unique opportunity in a responsible advisors and do not provide any
manner. Please do not leave your computer support to a delegation. An
or other personal electronic devices observer is typically a school
unattended. Remove conference badges official, spouse/partner/child of a
when leaving the hotel. Refrain from any faculty advisor, or a sponsor who
sort of substance abuse. Use common is interested in learning about
sense. FTU MUN.
In the event of an emergency in the hotel or
venue, follow their guidelines. Emergency
preparedness experts recommend having a
designated meeting spot outside the hotel
and sharing cell phone numbers amongst
members of your delegation.

06
 SEXUAL HARASSMENT DRESSCODE
& DISCRIMINATION

Sexual harassment or discrimination All clothing must portray professionalism

based on race, gender, sexual as expected in diplomatic settings. If
orientation, national origin, religion, attire is deemed inappropriate by FTU
age, or disability is not acceptable. MUN staff, individuals may be asked to
Such acts are incompatible with FTU leave the session and return with
MUN's educational mission and are a appropriate attire.
violation of our Conduct Expectations. Professional business attire is a business
Violators will be expelled from the jacket, dress shirt, tie, slacks/skirt/dress,
conference without compensation. and dress shoes. Professional dress
General descriptions of behavior that expectations require that dresses and
may be considered sexual harassment skirts be knee length. Delegates should
can be found in the UN's Code of be dressed in professional business attire
Conduct. that reflects their self-identified gender.
Anyone who believes they have seen or Clothing considered too casual includes
encountered sexual harassment or sweaters, novelty jackets, shorts,
discrimination should bring it to FTU sundresses/other casual dresses, ball
MUN’s attention. We will investigate caps, jeans, sneakers, athletic wear, and
the merits of the allegations and sunglasses. Clothing that exposes
respond appropriately. Outcomes may excessive bare skin, shows
include taking no action, issuing a undergarments, or is otherwise revealing
verbal reprimand, separating is inappropriate.
individuals from the conference, or any It is not appropriate to display any school
other action deemed appropriate. or national symbols such as flags, pins,
crests, etc. on your person during
sessions. All UN symbols are acceptable.
Traditional dress is permitted only for
delegations in whose home countries it is
considered professional business dress.
FTU MUN will not tolerate any attempt to
portray a character using traditional
cultural attire as a costume.
For FTU MUN 2022, masks must be worn
at all times when in committee space.
Faculty advisors, delegation leaders,
observers, and volunteer staff serve as
role models for delegates. They too are
required to dress in professional business
attire while participating in scheduled
conference sessions.

07
 GLOSSARY

Some basic, must-know Glossaries in MUN

CHAIRS

The chairs are the individuals that facilitate the debate and are
seated at the front. They maintain the order, continuity, and
quality of the conference using the given Rules of Procedure.

DECORUM
Decorum is a call for order. Conferences usually erect decorum
when delegates are excessively loud.

MOTIONS

A specific action made by delegates to direct debate in a certain

direction.

DELEGATE
The participants of MUN conferences that function as a
representative of a country.

OBSERVER
Observer is essentially a delegate that cannot vote. They have the
right to speak but on some occasions they might not be able to
have a say in a debate.
BLOCS
A group of delegates with similar ideas which typically will work
together in drafting resolutions and correspond with one another
in voting sessions.

ROLL CALL
The process of calling each country one by one to determine their
presence.

08
 GLOSSARY

Things we said during voting sessions

PLACARD
The sign for your country. Usually used during voting to signify
your presence to the chair during offline conferences. Whereas
virtual conferences employ the ‘Yes/No’ and ‘Raise Hand’ features.

YIELD
Usually said when the speaker gives up their remaining speaking
time.

SUBSTANTIVE VOTE
Votes which will be implemented outside of the debate.
For example : votes on the resolution and amendment.

PROCEDURAL VOTE
Votes that are related to the procedural matters of the
conference. Examples would be votes on extending the speaker’s
time or to sustain the debate.

MODERATED CAUCUS
A formal debate moderated by the Chair. In this debate, only one
speaker is allowed to speak at a time.

UNMODERATED CAUCUS
An informal debate which allows delegates to roam around and
speak directly to other delegates.

POINT OF INQUIRY

A request to clarify on something in committee that is not yet

clearly understood.

09
 GLOSSARY

Resolution-related Terms

CLAUSE

The instruction which details what needs to be implemented in

the resolution.

PREAMBULATORY CLAUSE

Explanatory clauses indicating the reasons behind the decision and

the general framework.

OPERATIVE CLAUSE

Clauses indicating the actions taken or recommended by the

committee.

AMENDMENT

An alteration to be made upon the resolution draft.

FRIENDLY AMENDMENT

An amendment which the sponsors (writers of resolution)

collectively agree upon.

UNFRIENDLY AMENDMENT

An amendment which some sponsors failed to agree with, hence

the need for it to be voted upon.

10
 GLOSSARY

The staples of every conference

POSITION PAPERUSE
A summary of a country’s position on the topic at hand. Written by
each delegate before the conference. For further details, head
here!

DRAFT RESOLUTION

A draft where delegates combine ideas to create the final result

based on a holistic assessment of the entire debate. Once a draft is
approved by chairs, it can be discussed and voted upon.

RULES OF PROCEDURE

The rules by which a MUN conference is run. Usually issued by the

host institution of the conference.

DAIS
The group of directors who are leading the conference. Can be
Chairs, or in school MUNs, teachers, or lecturers.

GAVEL
A hammer-shaped tool used by Chairs to keep order in the room.
However, during online conferences, this item is frequently
omitted.

11
 GLOSSARY

Things delegates can and will say

PRESENT
Delegates will say this to approve their state of presence and
participation in later debates.

PRESENT AND VOTING

A state where delegates are present and obligated to vote on the
topic at hand. Some conferences may require all delegates to be
present and voting while some may allow present only.

RIGHT OF REPLY

The right to reply to the previous comments or questions from

other delegates.

POINT OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE

The right of the delegate to propose for personal interruptions. For
example: going to the bathrooms or room temperature.

POINT OF ORDER
Can be proposed by a delegate or Chair when there is a violation
of Roles of Procedures.

SECOND
When a delegate agrees with the proposed motions. In some
conferences, a resolution must reach a certain number of
‘seconds’ before voted upon.

OBJECTION
When a delegate rejects the proposed motions.

12
 GLOSSARY

Bits of resolution-drafting

SPONSORS
Delegates who contributed substantially to the creation of the
resolutions

SIGNATORIES

Delegates who support a draft resolution and wish for it to be

discussed. They are not obligated to contribute to the drafting
process.

MERGING

Combining two or more draft resolutions in order to make a bigger

or better final resolution.

Additional occurrences in conference

ABSTAIN

During substantive voting, delegates may be able to abstain rather

than vote yes or no. This signals that they do not oppose the
motion but do not support it enough to pass it.

ADJOURN
Every session of the conference ends with a vote to adjourn. If
performed, this means the session is suspended until the next
morning.

QUORUM
The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for the
debate to commence. Usual conferences require ⅓ of the
participants to be present before permitting formal sessions.

13
 THEME &
COMMITTEE

Inspired by the work of Yayoi Kusama - “Infinity mirror room”, “La chambre miroir à l'infini” is
a room in which walls are all mirrors and the change of reflected images depends on the
objects and/or lights in the room. The meaning of the work can be understood in many
different ways. One understanding is about the role of each individual (member state at
MUN) in the world. For each change, the reflections in the room will be endless and change
the scene in the whole room.

LA
CHAMBRE
DU MIROIR
À
L'INFINI

The meaning is that each member state needs to make their decision based on the big
picture, not only their point of view. They need to know that their decision, regardless of how
big it is, strongly affects the whole world.
The image of the infinite mirror room also represents the topics discussed at FTU MUN.
Coming to FTU MUN, the delegates will be able to reflect on themselves and be exposed to
multi-dimensional issues that require multiple perspectives to be able to make
recommendations that are most suitable to the general context.

14
 THEME &
COMMITTEE

General Committee
SOCHUM
The Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian Committee (SOCHUM) is
the Third Committee of the General Assembly, it aims to address
a wide range of social and humanitarian affairs as well as human
rights issues. SOCHUM strives for the advancement of women,
the protection of children, the access to free speech, the
treatment of refugees, the promotion of fundamental freedoms
through the elimination of racism and racial discrimination, and
the promotion of the right to self-determination.

Topic 1: Socio-Economic Impacts of Foreign Sponsored

Infrastructure
Topic 2: The Effect of Covid-19 on Human Rights

IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1945,
which aims to promote international monetary cooperation,
enhance foreign exchange stability, promote economic growth, and
provide temporary financial assistance to the member countries to
reduce the degree of imbalance in the international balance of
payments. Today, its membership embraces 190 countries, with
substantial contributions from America, Japan, German, England,
and France.

Topic 1: Reevaluating the practice of using austerity

measures as a lending condition by the IMF
Topic 2: Policy recommendations for the use of IMF
resources for economic recovery & stability in countries affected
by conflicts.

Crisis Committee UNSC

The Crisis Council is the third and most distinctive committee in the
United Nations MUN model, which usually functions at a much faster
pace than other committees as it is designated to deal with issues in
times of crisis. Crisis councils often deal with issues such as wars,
revolutions, disaster control, or economic downturns. This year FTU
MUN chose The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as the Crisis
Committee. UNSC is charged with ensuring international peace and
security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the
General Assembly and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its
powers include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting
international sanctions, and authorizing military action.

Topic: 2014 Gaza War

15
 AWARDS AT MUN

There will be 4 main awards being rewarded for

delegates at each committee

Best Delegate
Outstanding Delegate
Honorable Mentions
Best Position Paper

Each delegate can receive a maximum of 1 award.

Delegates will be evaluated by the Chairs of their
committee on 3 main criterias

Knowledge
Depiction of country/character
Diplomacy

The Chairs will finalize the list of award recipients during the final
committee session. Only delegates who submit their position paper
and attend all 3 days of conference are eligible for awards.

16
 AWARDS AT MUN

This title will be awarded to the delegate

whose performance in the committee
surpasses that of others in terms of
professionalism, contribution, and
influence. Most relating to his/her research
about the topic, as reflected in the position
BEST paper and debate, and is able to show that
knowledge to others.
DELEGATE The Best Delegate is also able to accurately
represent the nation’s interests and policies;
gives persuasive speeches; moves the
committee forward; actively and effectively
works and compromises with others; and
shows flexibility, adaptability and diplomacy
in all situations. Becoming a role model for
other Delegates to reflect on.

This title will be awarded to the delegate whose

performance in the committee exceeds that of
others. The Outstanding Delegate possesses
nearly as many qualities as the Best Delegate, OUTSTANDING
yet his/her performance is not as perfect and
influential as that of the Best Delegate. The
DELEGATE
Outstanding Delegate is also a good example
for others to develop themselves.

These titles are verbal commendations given at

HONORABLE the discretion of the Chairs to up to two
MENTIONS delegates during their speeches at the closing
ceremony.

THE BEST DELEGATE WILL RECEIVE A CERTIFICATE OF BEST DELEGATE AND A BEST
DELEGATE GAVEL. THE OUTSTANDING DELEGATE, HONORABLE MENTIONS WILL
RECEIVE A CERTIFICATE OF OUTSTANDING DELEGATE/ HONORABLE MENTIONS.

17
 POSITION PAPER

REASONS
FTUMUN, like many other
conferences, requires each delegation
to submit a position paper. A position
paper is a short essay detailing your
country’s policies on the topic that is
being discussed in your committee. Its
role is to aid you in organizing your
ideas so that you can share your
country’s position with the rest of the
committee.
Position papers are usually one to
one-and-a-half pages in length. A
position paper should include a brief
introduction, your country’s relation to
the described circumstances, and the
stance your country takes. A good
position paper will not only provide
facts but also make proposals for
resolutions.
A good position paper can help you
become more confident during the
debate because you can back up
yourselves with facts and country
stand.

INCLUDING
How the issue affects your country;
Your country’s policies with respect to the issue and your country’s
justification for these policies;
Actions taken by your government with regard to the issue;
What your country believes should be done to address the issue;
What your country would like to accomplish in the committee’s resolution;
How the positions of other countries affect your country’s position.

18
 SAMPLE
POSITION PAPER

Committee: The General Assembly

Topic: Holocaust denial
Country: France

France believes the events during the Holocaust should be acknowledged. The
Holocaust affected the majority of countries in Europe and brought great pain
throughout the whole world. The appropriate response to these events is to look back
and learn from the previous mistakes in order to prevent similar events from
happening. Approximately 17 million were systematically murdered by the Nazis
based on their ethnicity around the world.

France has a long history with the Jewish population. During the French Revolution,
France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population. Of the
340,000 Jews living in metropolitan/continental France in 1940, more than 75,000
were deported to death camps, where about 72,500 were murdered, this accounts for
around 25% of France’s Jewish population. On the night of 22–23 October 1940, 6,500
Jews deported from Alsace-Lorraine were affected by Operation Bürckel, who were
given at most two hours warning on the night. On 2 October 1941, seven synagogues
were bombed in Paris. Still, the vast majority of synagogues remained open during
the whole war in the zone libre. The Vichy government even protected them after
attacks as a way to deny persecution. General roundups of Jews began in 1941. The
first raid took place on 14 May 1941. 3,747 men were arrested and interned in the first
transit camps at Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande in the Loiret. The second round-up,
between July 20–1 August 1941, led to the arrest of 4,232 French and foreign Jews who
were taken to Drancy internment camp. In 1942, it was announced that the Reich had
created a homeland for Jews somewhere in Eastern Europe, to which all of the Jews
of Europe would be "resettled", and was portrayed as a utopia. All of the Jews sent for
"resettlement in the East" were exterminated. France has the third highest number of
citizens who were awarded the Righteous Among the Nations, an award given to
"non-Jews who acted according to the most noble principles of humanity by risking
their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust". Today, France has the largest Jewish
population in Europe and the third largest Jewish population in the world at
480,000–550,000, depending on the definition being used.

Under the stated circumstances, France supports the notion of looking back on past
events regarding the Holocaust in a respectful matter. We believe this acknowledges
the hardship and sacrifice the Jews had to endure throughout World War 2. This also
provides valuable knowledge about the pain of war to current and future generations.
Although these events evoke painful memories of dark times, France believes that it is
important to use the events of the Holocaust as examples not to repeat and warn
people about the destruction hatret, discrimination and extremism can brought to all
of us. We can acknowledge the events of the Holocaust through.
19
 RESOLUTIONS

WHAT IS IT?
The ultimate goal of any committee
session is for delegates to reach the
solutions for the issues they are trying to
solve. These solutions are officially
recognized under a written form called
“resolution”. In other words, a resolution is
a document that contains all the issues
that the committee wants to solve and the
proposed solutions to that issue.

Any delegate in the committee can write a

resolution (although in some cases the
Chair may not allow an observer state to
directly write a resolution).

Resolution-writing becomes more focused

during the latter part of a committee
session when different country policies are
clear and different ideas have been
discussed already.

The resolution should be called a ‘draft

resolution’ before it is voted upon and then
called a ‘resolution’ after it is successfully
passed during the voting bloc.

HOW TO WRITE?
A resolution consists of three main parts: the
heading, the preambulatory clauses, and the
operative clauses.

20
RESOLUTIONS

HEADING
The heading contains four key information, each on separate lines:
Committee: [Name of the committee here]
Topic: [The topic of the resolution here]
Sponsors: [In alphabetical order, list of the sponsors]
Signatories: [In alphabetical order, list of the signatories]

PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES
The preambulatory clauses state all the issues that the committee wants to resolve
on this issue. It may state reasons why the committee is working on this issue and
highlight previous international actions on the issue. Preambulatory clauses can
include:
Past UN resolutions, treaties, or conventions related to the topic
Past regional, non-governmental, or national efforts in resolving this topic
References to the UN Charter or other international frameworks and laws
Statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or agency
General background info formation or facts about the topic, its significance,
and its impact.
Each preambulatory clause starts with an italicized word and ends with a comma.
It is ideal that each preambulatory clause comes with its responding operative
clause. In general, more operative clauses means that there are more solutions
than problems and vice versa.

OPERATIVE CLAUSES
Operative clauses state the solutions that the sponsors of the resolution proposes
to resolve the issues. The operative clauses should address the issues specifically
mentioned in the pre-ambulatory clauses above it.

Each operative clause must be numbered in order to differentiate it from a

preambulatory clause and makes operative clauses easier to refer to and
comment on later on.
An operative clause starts with an italicized operative phrase and ends with a
semicolon. If sub-clauses are used, they should be indented and labeled a, b, c,
etc. To go into sub-clauses from the main clause, break it with a colon. Each
sub-clause will end with a comma, except for the last one which will end with a
semicolon.
The last operative clause ends with a period.

20


Affirming
Alarmed by
Approving
Aware of
Believing Accepts
Bearing in mind Affirms
Confident Approves
Contemplating Authorizes
Convinced Calls
Declaring Calls upon
Deeply concerned Condemns
Deeply conscious Confirms
Deeply Considers
disturbed Declares accordingly
Deeply regretting Deplores
Desiring Designates
Emphasizing Draws attention
Expecting Emphasizes
Expressing its satisfaction Encourages
Fulfilling fully alarmed Endorses
Fully aware Express its hope
Fully believing Further invites
Further deploring Further proclaims
Further recalling Further recommends
Guided by Further reminds
Having adopted Further requests
Having considered Further resolves
Having devoted attention Has resolved
Having examined Notes
Having heard Proclaims
Having received Reaffirms
Having studied Recommends
Keeping in mind Regrets
Noting with regret Reminds
Noting with satisfaction Requests
Nothing with deep concern Resolves
Nothing further Solemnly affirms
Nothing with approval Supports
Observing Takes note of
Realizing Urges
Recalling
Recognizing
Referring
Seeking
Taking into account

21
 SAMPLE
RESOLUTION

Source: the United Nations Association of the USA

22
 AMENDMENTS

WHAT IS IT?
Approved draft resolutions are modified
through amendments. An amendment is a
written statement that adds, deletes or
changes an operative clause in a draft
resolution. The amendment process is used to
strengthen consensus on a resolution by
allowing delegates to change the operative
clauses (the preambulatory clauses can not be
modified).

CLASSIFICATION
2 types of amendments:

1. A friendly amendment is a change to the draft

resolution that all sponsors agree with. After the
amendment is signed by all of the draft resolution’s
sponsors and approved by the committee chair, it
will be automatically incorporated into the
resolution.

2. An unfriendly amendment is a change that some

or all of the draft resolution’s sponsors do not
support and must be voted upon by the committee.
This also refers to delegates who did not write this
resolution at all but see potential in it as long as
several changes are made to it. The sponsors of the
amendment will need to obtain a required number
of signatories in order to introduce it. Prior to voting
on the draft resolution, the committee votes on all
unfriendly amendments.

23
 SAMPLE
AMENDMENT

Committee: FAO
Topic: Tackling the problem of man-made famines

Sponsors: Bolivia, Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan

Signatories: Australia, Brazil, Viet Nam, New Zealand, and Argentina

Adds an operative clause that reads

“14. Encourages all Latin American countries to…”
Deletes operative clause 9.
Changes operative clause 1 to read
“1. Calls upon the Red Cross to provide low-cost medicines…”./.

24
 RULES OF
PROCEDURE

WHY DO WE
HAVE TO
FOLLOW THE
RULES OF
PROCEDURE?

Attending MUN does not only provide you with essential skills such
as public speaking or deepening your knowledge of international
relations, but it also gives you the opportunity for practicing the
rules of negotiations.
Why do we have to follow the rules of procedure?
It would help the session occur most orderly and smoothly,
facilitate the contribution of the delegates and help them bring out
the most effective and concordant resolution.
They would be helpful to:
Maintain the order in the session
Facilitate the efficient working in the group or in the whole
conference
Define when a delegate may speak
Define what he/she may address and how to address it
Define what the voting system is
Therefore, it is extremely important for all delegates to
acknowledge the rules of procedure. In case he/she does not
understand the rules, he/she can not attend the session well.

25
This page is intentionally left blank
 GENERAL RULES

RULE 1: YOU MUST

ALWAYS TALK IN THE
THIRD PERSON.

For example, if you were the

delegate of Denmark, you would
refer to yourself as “this
delegate” or “the delegate of
Denmark” or simply “Denmark”
Example: Denmark believes that
this problem needs the
cooperation of all member states
in the committee to be solved.

RULE 2: DO NOT ENGAGE

IN A DIRECT
CONVERSATION WITH
ANOTHER DELEGATE.

In the debate, you’re only allowed

to privately communicate with
other delegates if they are not
passing. If you want to ask a
follow-up question to a delegate,
you must formally request it to
chair instead of directly asking this
question.

26
 GLOSSARIES

ABSTAIN
A response that a delegation would take on voting for substantial matters to
express its neutral stance.

AGENDA
The order in which the issues before a committee will be discussed. The first duty
of a committee following the roll call is usually to set the agenda.

AMENDMENT
A change to a draft resolution on the floor. Can be of two types: a "friendly
amendment" is supported by the original draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed
automatically, while an "unfriendly amendment" is not supported by the original
sponsors and must be voted on by the committee as a whole.
+ Friendly amendment: A change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree
with. After the amendment is signed by all of the draft resolutions' sponsors and
approved by the committee director or president, it will be automatically
incorporated into the resolution.
+ Unfriendly amendment: A change that some or all of the draft resolutions
sponsors do not support and must be voted upon by the committee. The author(s)
of the amendment will need to obtain a required number of signatories in order to
introduce it (usually 20 percent of the committee). Prior to voting on the draft
resolution, the committee votes on all unfriendly amendments.

BLOC
A group of countries in a similar geographical region or with a similar opinion on a
particular topic. Blocs typically vote together.

CAUCUS
A way to move to a specific aspect of a topic or change the pace of debate.
There are two types: moderated caucus and unmoderated caucus.

CHAIR
A member of the dais that moderates debate, keeps time, rules on points and
motions, and enforces the rules of procedure.

DECORUM
Proper diplomatic way of behaviors required for every participant; often said by the
Chair when a committee should quiet down.

DELEGATE
A student acting as a representative of a member state or observer in a Model UN
committee.

27
 GLOSSARIES

DRAFT RESOLUTION
A document that seeks to fix the problems addressed by a Model UN committee. If
passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become a resolution.

FLOW OF DEBATE
The order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference. This usually
indicates the movement between formal and informal debate and the process of
drafting, debating and voting on resolutions.

MOTION
A request made by a delegate that the committee as a whole do something. Some
motions might be to go into a caucus, to adjourn, to introduce a draft resolution, or
to move into the voting procedure.

OBSERVER
A non-delegate, that can also obtain the MUN experience and learn how the MUN
conference is carried out in general.

PLACARD
A piece of cardstock, with a country's name on it that a delegate raises in the air to
signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to speak.

PROCEDURAL
Having to do with the way a committee is run, as opposed to the topic being
discussed. All delegates present must vote on procedural matters and may not
abstain.

QUORUM
The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for a committee to
meet. In the General Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of the members to
begin.

RULES OF PROCEDURE
The rules by which a Model UN committee is run.
SECOND
To agree with a motion being proposed. Many motions must be seconded before
they can be brought to a vote.

SECRETARIAT
The staff of a Model UN conference.

28
 GLOSSARIES

SIGNATORY
A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on the floor and signs the draft
resolution to accomplish this. A signatory need not support a resolution; it only
wants it to be discussed. Usually, Model UN conferences require a minimum
number of sponsors and signatories for a draft resolution to be approved.

SPEAKERS' LIST
SA list that determines the order in which delegates will speak. Whenever a new
topic is opened for discussion, the Chair will create a speakers' list by asking all
delegates wishing to speak to raise their placards and calling on them one at a
time. During the debate, a delegate may indicate that he or she wishes to be
added to the speakers' list by sending a note to the dais.

SPONSOR
One of the writers of a draft resolution. A friendly amendment can only be created
if all sponsors agree.

SUBSTANTIVE
Having to do with the topic being discussed. A substantive vote is a vote on a draft
resolution or amendment already on the floor during the voting procedure. Only
member states (not observer states or non-governmental organizations) may vote
on substantive issues.

WORKING PAPER
A document in which the ideas of some delegates on how to resolve an issue are
proposed. Frequently the precursor to a draft resolution, but without pre
ambulatory clauses.

VOTE
A time at which delegates indicate whether they do or do not support a proposed
action for the committee. There are two types: procedural and substantive.
+ Procedural Vote: All delegates present must vote on procedural matters and
may not abstain. During procedural voting, it requires a simple majority (half the
number of delegates present in the committee and one delegate voting for) to
pass.
+ Substantive vote: A substantive vote is a vote on a draft resolution or
amendment already on the floor during the voting procedure. Only member states
(not observer states or no governmental organizations) may vote on substantive
issues. During substantive voting, it requires an overwhelming majority (two-thirds
of delegates present in the committee and one delegate voting for) to pass.

29
 FLOW OF DEBATE
Rules of
Procedure

Roll Call

Motion to set the Agenda

Motion to open
Speaker's list

Opening Speech

Motion

If there is no Motion to Motion to Motion to Motion to

General
motion on the open the open the introduce introduce
Special's ground, the House Moderated Unmoderated Working Draft
List (GSL) will move back to Causus Causus Papers Resolution
GSL

Motion to
Motion to Motion to Motion to
move into
Adjourn Extend introduce
Voting
Debate Deadline Amendment
Procedure

Motion to divide the House

Conference Motion to divide the question

End;

Motion to vote by Roll Call

30
 FLOW OF DEBATE

1.ROLL CALL
A Roll Call will be conducted by the Chairs at the beginning of
each and every committee session. A chairperson will read aloud
the name of each member state.
When called upon, Delegates will be required to raise their
placards high and state clearly “present” or “present and voting”.
+ Present: Delegates who stated “present” reserve the right to
abstain from voting during substantive voting.
+ Present and Voting: Delegates who stated “present and voting”
may not abstain on a substantive vote;
+ Regardless of a Delegate’s voting preference, they cannot abstain
from procedural voting.
Delegates who missed out on roll call due to lateness, amongst

other reasons, shall send notes to the Chairs later to state their

voting preference.
After each Roll Call, the Chairs will announce the Simple Majority
and
Two-thirds Majority for that particular committee session.
+ Simple Majority: the minimum number of votes required to pass
procedural matters during a committee session. I.e. If there are 20
Delegates in the house, a procedural matter needs to receive at least
11 votes in favor of it in order to pass.
+ Two-thirds Majority: is the minimum number of votes required to
pass substantive matters during a committee session. I.e. If there are
20 Delegates in the house, a substantive matter needs to receive at
least 14 votes in favor of it in order to pass.

30
 FLOW OF DEBATE

2.MOTION TO SET THE AGENDA

After Roll Call, the Chairs will look upon a Motion to Set the
Agenda. A Delegate may raise this motion thereafter and choose
one out of the two previously given topics that he/she wishes the
committee to discuss first. This motion requires a Simple Majority
to pass.
If the motion passes, the Chairs will call upon two Delegates to
speak “For” the agenda and two Delegates to speak “Against” the
agenda. The four Delegates shall debate on why the committee
should or shouldn’t discuss the chosen agenda first. After this
debate, another vote shall be held in order to decide if the
agenda is set or not. This second vote requires a Two-thirds
Majority to pass.

3.MOTION TO OPEN SPEAKERS’ LIST

After the agenda has been set, a Motion to Open the General
Speaker’s List can be raised. This motion will automatically be
approved by the Chairs without the need for voting.
Delegates who wish to be added to the Speaker's list may raise their
placards high and wait for the Chairs to recognize them, or send
notes to the Chairs to indicate their wishes.
During the Speaker’s List, Delegates may freely make speeches
about any aspects related to the agenda that concerns them within
a set time limit.
A Delegate who has been recognized in a Speaker’s List but for
some reason is not present when called upon shall automatically
yield his/her time back to the Chairs and the debate shall be
continued.
When the Speaker’s List has been exhausted and there are no points
or motions being raised, the Chairs will have to randomly pick any
Delegates to be added to the Speaker’s List in order to continue the
debate.

31
 FLOW OF DEBATE

WHAT IS AN OPENING SPEECH?

When the committee begins, the chair will
create a list of delegates who wish to give
speeches. These speeches are typically
about the current situation of each country
and how each country feels about the topic.

4.OPENING SPEECH

ADVICES FOR OPENING SPEECH

To make a smooth speech, you are advised to prepare it before the beginning
of the conference. The time limit for SOCHUM and IMF committee is about 1-2
minutes, and you have 3 minutes for the UNSC - the Crisis Committee. Make
sure that your speech has a reasonable length based on the time limit.
In SOCHUM and IMF committee, if a Delegate wishes to make changes to the
default speaking time, they may do so via a motion: “The delegate of [country
name] wishes to extend/reduce the speaking time to [less than two] minute(s)".
This motion will be voted upon by the committee and requires a Simple
Majority to pass.
If you take the floor during formal debate make sure your speech is:
- concise
- convincing and persuasive
- clear
- detailed and specific
- address the delegates and chair in the 3rd person
But most importantly, make sure you acknowledge the topic extremely well as
delegates will ask you very specific questions regarding your speech.

32
 FLOW OF DEBATE

4.OPENING SPEECH

SAMPLE OF AN OPENING SPEECH

Honorable Chair, fellow delegates.

The delegate of _______ is delighted to be part of the 1st FTU MUN
conference.
He/she hopes that his/her fellow delegates will engage in
relevant debates, in order to make this conference productive. Let’s all
make wise decisions after considering every resolution. Bear in mind
that the U.N. was created to make a better world and not to satisfy an
individual's will.
This delegate would like to share with you his/her preoccupation
regarding _______ the problem. It is a fact that (the current situation in
your country and how your country feels about it).
Therefore, this delegate looks forward to discussing this and other
issues in the following days.
Let’s all have a wise purpose here!
Thank You for your attention!

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 FLOW OF DEBATE

5.YIELD

"Yields are set actions that

Delegates can take after
they have completed the
delivery of their speeches"

YIELD TO THE CHAIR

Delegates may “yield the floor back to

the Chairs” after they have finished YIELD TO POINTS OF
their speeches. When this happens, the INFORMATION (POI)
Chairs will absorb all of the remaining
speaking time (if any) and move to the Delegates may choose to indicate
next speaker. whether they are open to Points of
Information from other Delegates after
YIELD TO ANOTHER they have finished their speeches. The
DELEGATE number of Points of Information will be
decided by the yielding Delegate
Delegates may choose to yield their himself/herself, although this is subject
remaining speaking time to other to changes if the Chairs feel that the
Delegates in the house. Delegates remaining speaking time is insufficient.
receiving this yield may either accept Delegates wishing to ask questions can
or refuse the yield. A Delegate who has raise their placards and wait to be
had time yielded to them is not recognized by the Chairs. Up to two
allowed to further Yield to Another questions can be made from each
Delegate. delegate.

34
 FLOW OF DEBATE

6.POINT

This point can be raised when a Delegate feels uncomfortable during the session
due to some reasons. This is the only point that can interrupt the formal speaking
flow. The delegate does not have limitations using this point. However, if the
chairperson thinks that they interrupt the session too much, he/she could make a
decision based on the situation.

- This point can be raised when the speaker on the floor has opened themselves to
Points of Information. Points of Information must be in the form of questions, so
Delegates making Points of Information are advised to choose their wording
carefully.
- If a Delegate feels that they were not satisfied with the answer to their initial
Point of Information, they can request the Chairs to grant them a follow-up, which
is essentially another Point of Information. Up to two questions can be made from
each delegate.
- If the Delegates are being asked to find it difficult to answer questions
immediately or the remaining time is insufficient, the Chairs may suggest sending
notes to other Delegates to answer previous questions later.

This point can be raised when a Delegate has uncertainties regarding the Rules of
Procedure and would like to receive clarification from the Chairs.

This point can be raised when a Delegate feels that an error in maintaining Rules
of Procedure has been made by either the Chair or another Delegate. Due to the
antagonistic nature of this point, Delegates should raise it with caution and are
absolutely discouraged from abusing it for unjustified reasons.

35
 FLOW OF DEBATE

7.MOTION

7.1 MOTION FOR A 7.3 MOTION FOR AN

RIGHT OF REPLY UNMODERATED CAUCUS
A Delegate may raise this motion after - This motion may be raised when a
another Delegate has finished their Delegate wants the committee to
speech to speak in reply to the speech specifically discuss a certain aspect related
in question if they feel that they or the to the agenda. Delegates raising this
nation they’re representing has been motion are required to state the overall
directly insulted or offended by the length of the moderated caucus (maximum
speech. This motion is subject to the of 20 minutes), the speaking time for each
Chairs’ judgments of whether the speaker (maximum of 2 minutes) and the
Delegate has the right to reply or not. topic of the moderated caucus. This motion
requires a Simple Majority to pass.
- The length of the caucus must be divisible
7.2 MOTION FOR A by the speaking time, i.e. a 15-minute
MODERATED CAUCUS moderated caucus can have the speaking
time set at 1 minute or 1.5 minutes, but not
at 2 minutes.
- This motion may be raised when a
Delegate wants the committee to
specifically discuss a certain aspect
7.4 MOTION TO EXTEND A
related to the agenda. Delegates
raising this motion are required to
PREVIOUS CAUCUS
state the overall length of the
moderated caucus (maximum of 20 - This motion may be raised when a
minutes), the speaking time for each Delegate feels that the length of the
speaker (maximum of 2 minutes) and previous Moderated/Unmoderated Caucus
the topic of the moderated caucus. was not sufficient to facilitate fruitful
This motion requires a Simple Majority discussions and therefore requires more
to pass. time. This motion requires a Simple Majority
- The length of the caucus must be to pass.
divisible by the speaking time, i.e. a 15- - An extension of a previous caucus can only
minute moderated caucus can have be a maximum of half the length of the
the speaking time set at 1 minute or previous caucus, i.e. a 20-minute
1.5 minutes, but not at 2 minutes. Unmoderated Caucus can only be extended
for a maximum of 10 minutes.

36
 FLOW OF DEBATE

7.MOTION
7.5 MOTION TO
INTRODUCE WORKING 7.6 MOTION TO INTRODUCE
PAPER/DRAFT AMENDMENT
RESOLUTION
- These motions may be raised when - This motion may be raised when a Delegate
Delegates have finished writing a wishes to introduce an Amendment to a
Working Paper/Draft Resolution, have particular Draft Resolution that has been
submitted them to the Chairs for approved by the Chairs. This motion requires
approval and would like to introduce a Simple Majority to pass.
the Working Paper/Draft Resolution to - The Chairs will read out loud the
the committee for discussion. This Amendment being introduced. If it is a
motion requires a Simple Majority to Friendly Amendment, the changes will be
pass. applied immediately without further voting.
- The Main Submitter/Sponsors of the - If it is an Unfriendly Amendment, the Chairs
Working Paper/Draft Resolution being will entertain 2 Delegates to speak “For” the
introduced will be required to take the Amendment and 2 Delegates to speak
floor and read out loud the entirety of against the Amendment. Further in-depth
the Working Paper/Draft Resolution, discussion of the Unfriendly Amendment
mainly operative clauses. Afterward, can be carried out by opening Moderated
the Chairs will entertain 2 Delegates to and/or Unmoderated caucuses, or if the
speak “For” the Working Paper/Draft committee feels that no more debates are
Resolution and 2 Delegates to speak needed, the Unfriendly Amendment will be
“Against” the Working Paper/Draft voted. The Unfriendly Amendment requires
Resolution. a Two-Thirds Majority to pass.
- Further in-depth discussion of the
Working Paper/Draft Resolution can
be
carried out by opening Moderated
and/or Unmoderated Caucuses. In the
event that the committee feels that
the Draft Resolution is satisfactory, a
Motion to Move into Voting Procedure
can be raised.
- Working Papers do not have to be
voted on.

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 FLOW OF DEBATE

7.MOTION

7.7 MOTION TO MOVE INTO 7.9 MOTION TO DIVIDE

VOTING PROCEDURE THE QUESTION
- This motion may be raised when a Delegate This motion may be raised when a
feels that sufficient debate has Delegate feels that a Draft Resolution
been carried out on a particular Draft should be voted upon clause by clause.
Resolution and that the Draft Resolution is of The Delegate raising this motion
satisfactory quality with no further should state to which degree will
Amendments and therefore should be voted he/she divide the question (to clauses,
upon by the committee. This motion sub-clauses or sub-sub-clauses,...etc).
requires a Simple Majority to pass. This motion requires a Simple Majority
- Before the commencement of voting, to pass. If this motion passes, each
Delegates have the option to raise one or individual clause (or sub-clauses, sub-
more of the following motions regarding the sub-clauses) of a Draft Resolution will
voting procedure. If no further motions are henceforth be treated as an
raised, the voting procedure will commence independent substantive matter, with
unabated. each clause requiring a Two-thirds
Majority to pass. At the end of the

7.8 MOTION FOR A ROLL voting procedure, the passed clauses

will be combined into a new
CALL VOTE Resolution, and the failed ones will be
struck out.
This motion may be raised when a Delegate
feels that the substantive matter in question
should be voted upon individually by 7.10 MOTION TO
Delegates in the committee. This motion DIVIDE THE HOUSE
requires a Simple Majority to pass. When a
Roll Call Vote is in order, the Chairs will call This motion may be raised when a
upon Delegates in the house as they would Delegate feels that the substantive
during a roll call to rise and cast their vote. matter in question should be voted
Delegates may choose to state “Yes”, “No”, upon with only “Yes” and “No” options
“Abstain”, “Yes with right” or “No with right”. available and no “Abstain” option. This
Delegates stating “Yes with right” or “No motion requires a Simple
with right” will be required to make a short Majority to pass.
speech explaining the reason behind their
votes.

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 FLOW OF DEBATE

7.MOTION

- This motion may be raised when a Delegate feels

that sufficient discussion has been had or no
further progress could be made at that time
7.11 MOTION TO regarding the current agenda and the committee
TABLE DEBATE therefore should move into a discussion of the next
agenda. This motion requires a Simple Majority to
pass.
- If the motion passes, the Chairs will call upon two
Delegates to speak “For” the motion and two
Delegates to speak “Against” the motion. The four
Delegates shall debate on why the committee
should or shouldn’t table the current agenda. After
this debate, another vote shall be held in order to
decide if the agenda is tabled or not. This second
vote requires a Two-thirds Majority to pass.

This motion permanently halts all activities of the

7.13 MOTION TO committee and may be raised by a Delegate
ADJOURN THE MEETING during the final 15 minutes of the last session. This
motion requires a Simple Majority to pass.

This motion temporarily halts all

7.12 MOTION TO SUSPEND THE activities of the committee and may
MEETING be raised by a Delegate for 15 minutes
of a session for other purposes,
including but not limited to: lunch
breaks, tea breaks,...etc. This motion
requires a Simple Majority to pass.

39
 FLOW OF DEBATE

8.ORDER OF PROCEDURAL MOTIONS

The points and motions below shall have precedence in
the following order before the committee:
Point of Personal Privilege
Point of Order
Point of Parliamentary Inquiry
Point of Information
Motion to Adjourn the Meeting
Motion to Suspend the Meeting
Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus (If two or more
Unmoderated Caucuses are on the floor, the longer
ones will be voted on first)
Motion for a Moderated Caucus (If two or more
Moderated Caucuses are on the floor, the longer ones
will be voted on first)
Motion to Introduce Working Paper
Motion to Introduce Draft Resolution
Motion to Introduce Amendment

40
 FLOW OF DEBATE

9.VOTING PROCEDURE

STRAW POLL
A non-binding poll vote on a draft resolution or resolution, that
allows delegates to get a feel for the popularity of an issue.

MOVING INTO VOTING PROCEDURE

Requires two speakers for and two against, ⅔ must be in favor
in order to pass.
Once the body has voted affirmatively to close debate, the
committee immediately moves into voting procedure.

VOTING PROCEDURE
DURING VOTING NO ONE MAY ENTER OR LEAVE THE ROOM.
Each resolution is voted on in the order that it was presented.
Voting on unfriendly amendments occurs before voting on the
resolution as a whole.
Each resolution is passed by a simple majority.
Delegates may vote yes, no, yes with rights, no with rights or
decide to abstain.
Voting with rights means that a delegation is voting contrary
to its expected vote based on its declared foreign policy.
Delegations voting with rights may give a speech at the
conclusion of voting giving their reasoning for such a vote.
However, it is not suggested that you vote with rights; rather,
vote according to policy!

MOTIONS SPECIFIC TO VOTING

“Motion for a roll call vote.”
“Motion to reorder the resolutions.”
“Motion to divide the question.”

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 FLOW OF DEBATE

10.AMENDMENT PROCEDURE

An amendment’s role is to provide changes

to draft resolutions by adding, deleting or
revising the operative clause. Through the
amendment process, delegates have a
chance to strengthen consensus on a
resolution by changing certain sections.
There are two types of amendments:
Friendly amendments: A friendly
amendment is a change to the draft
resolution that all sponsors agree with.
After the amendment is signed by all of
the draft resolution’s sponsors and
approved by the committee director or
president, it will be automatically
incorporated into the resolution.
Unfriendly amendments: An unfriendly
amendment is a change that some or all
of the draft resolution’s sponsors do not
support and must be voted upon by the
committee. Prior to voting on the draft
resolution, the committee votes on all
unfriendly amendments.

In an amendment, delegates must state the

action they wish to make:
Strike: To delete an existing operative
clause(s);
Amend: To revise an existing operative
clause(s);
Add: To add a new operative clause(s).

42
 CRISIS PROCEDURE

While traditional Model UN committees like International Monetary

Fund (IMF) or the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee
(SOCHUM) strictly follow rules of Parliamentary Procedure, the crisis
committee provides a more fast-paced committee experience.
Additionally, crisis updates can also change the course of debate,
which can make Crisis procedure more difficult for first-time
delegates to quickly respond to.

1. BEGINNING DEBATE 2. MODERATED

CAUCUS
Committee will begin with a roll call.
Unlike General Assemblies like the IMF or These are the most common in a
SOCHUM, a formal motion to open debate crisis committee, and if there are
is not necessary, and motions do not need no other motions on the floor, the
to be seconded by another delegate. Chair will default to a moderated
The largest difference between traditional caucus. Most crisis committees
and crisis parliamentary procedure is the conduct debate through a series
lack of a Speaker’s List in crisis of rolling moderated caucuses.
committees. As such, a Motion to Set the Like in traditional committees, the
Speaking Time or Set the Agenda are delegate proposing a moderated
unnecessary. In place of the Speaker’s List, caucus should specify a topic of
crisis committees use three primary tools discussion, the duration, and
for discussion about the topic at hand: speaking time per delegate.
round robins, moderated caucuses, and While there is no formal limit on
unmoderated caucuses. the duration of a moderated
caucus, a Chair will usually not
entertain anything beyond 10-12
3. UNMODERATED minutes. The Chair will
CAUCUS individually call on delegates who
wish to speak, and, due to the
Similar to unmoderated caucuses in
small number of delegates in a
traditional committees, delegates are able
crisis committee, it is often
to leave their seats and discuss the topic
possible for a delegate to speak
freely. In crisis committees, however,
twice in one moderated caucus.
unmoderated caucuses are usually for
merging directives, rather than bloc-
building.

43
 CRISIS PROCEDURE

4. ROUND ROBIN

A round robin is a variation of the

moderated caucus, where every delegate
in the committee gives a speech in order,
hence the name. The delegate proposing
a round robin also specifies the speaking
time per delegate, which is usually not
more than one minute. Round robins are
especially useful at the very beginning of
a committee, since it allows each delegate
to lay out their position and discuss what
issues they believe to be most worthy of
further discussion. They can also be useful
after a major crisis update to allow all
delegates to give their opinion on how to
resolve the latest crisis.

5. YIELDS AND POINTS

Speeches in a crisis committee will rarely
last more than a minute, so yielding to
questions or to another delegate is often
not possible or impractical. Yielding time
back to the chair is sometimes optional,
depending on the chairing style of the
Dias.
Points still function largely the same as in
traditional committees. Due to the small
size of the committee, a delegate can
simply say the point when another
delegate is not speaking, instead of
waiting for the Chair to recognize them.

44
 CRISIS PROCEDURE

6. DIRECTIVES

Directives are similar to resolutions in traditional committees, with the

notable exception that they do not include preambulatory clauses and are
much shorter and more concise. Directives are generally written in response
to a specific crisis update, and can be as short as two or three clauses. Once a
directive has collected the required number of signatories, it is sent to the
Dias. A delegate can then motion to introduce all directives on the table.
Some Chairs may elect to set a cap on the maximum number of directives,
and in which case an unmoderated caucus will often be necessary for
delegates to compare similar directives and merge them.
Once a directive has been introduced, a delegate may motion to enter into
the voting procedure. It is also possible to combine the two if the directives
have broad support: a delegate may motion to introduce each directive and
immediately enter into voting procedure after introduction. Unlike
resolutions in traditional committees, there is no question-and-answer period.
Instead, the motion to enter voting procedure will also specify a two-for, two-
against speech and a speaking time for each speech. The Chair will then
choose two delegates to speak in favor of the directive and two to speak
against. Generally, the directive’s sponsor or sponsors give the speeches in
favor. If no delegates wish to speak against the directive, it automatically
passes. Otherwise, after the for and against speeches, delegates will vote on
the directive. Voting is similar to traditional committees: a delegate may vote
in favor, against, or abstain. Roll call votes are not used in crisis.
During the for and against speeches, or if a moderated caucus occurs after a
directive is introduced, a delegate may raise an objection that the sponsoring
delegate may wish to address with an amendment. Amendments are similar
to how they operate in traditional committees, but are more loosely
structured — verbal agreement from all the sponsors is enough for it to be
considered a friendly amendment. An unfriendly amendment must be voted
on before being added to the directive. In some cases, the Chair may choose
to vote on adding the amendment to the directive before voting on the
directive as a whole, but this can vary with the Chair’s discretion.
Lastly, a delegate may propose to divide the question during voting. Dividing
the question means they propose to split the directive into two or more parts,
voting on each part individually. The committee must vote by majority to
divide the question, and then sections of the directive will be voted on
separately.

45
 CRISIS PROCEDURE

7. MISCELLANEOUS
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE

Occasionally, the crisis staff may introduce a “timed crisis,” where

delegates have a limited amount of time to address a problem. In those
cases, the Chair may further relax parliamentary procedure rules and skip
parts of the formal voting procedure or allow a directive to be presented
verbally without first being written.
Rarely, a crisis committee may enter into trial procedure if the committee
wishes to put a delegate on trial for high crimes and misdemeanors. In
those cases, the Chair will lay out the rules of trial, but generally, a
delegate will be the prosecuting lawyer to present arguments against the
accused, while another delegate will present arguments on behalf of the
accused. The Chair may allow for additional arguments. To conclude the
trial, delegates will vote to find the accused delegate innocent or guilty.
This generally requires a two-thirds majority, and if found guilty, the
offending delegate can be censured, meaning they lose voting or
speaking privileges at the discretion of the Chair.

46
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holocaust/#topicHeader__wrapper

2. En.wikipedia.org. 2022. The Holocaust in France - Wikipedia. [online]

Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France>

[Accessed 10 June 2022].

3. En.wikipedia.org. 2022. History of the Jews in France - Wikipedia. [online]

Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France>

[Accessed 10 June 2022].

4. Unausa.org. 2022. UNA-USA – Supporting United Nations. [online]

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