Police Ethics and PCR
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joy bacroyaETHICS
AND POLICE
COMMUNITY RELATION
INTRODUCTION
Professional conduct and ethical standards and a
high degree of honesty are more essential for
officers and members of Philippine National Police
than for any member of the society. This is so,
because they are entrusted with the enforcement
of the rules, regulations ordinances created by
City/Municipality and the laws of the land created
by the Congress that guide the conduct of society.
A policemen’s violation or infraction thereof, or
his failure to enforce it, dishonor the law and the
authority he represents.
Continuation from the Introduction
All members of PNP shall abide and adhere to the provisions
of Code of professional conduct and ethical standards.
Towards this end, a truly professionalized and dedicated
law enforcers shall be developed in promoting peace and
order, ensuring public safety and enhancing community
participation guided by the principle that all public servants
must at all times be accountable to the people.
They shall serve with outmost responsibility, integrity,
morality and efficiency with due respect to human rights
and signify as hallmarks of a democratic society. They shall
at all times bear faithful allegiance to the legitimate
government, support and uphold the constitution, respect
the duly constituted authority and be loyal to the service.
What is a Code?
• A Code is any accepted system of rules and regulations pertaining to a
given subject.
What is Ethics?
• Ethics is the study of standards of custody and moral judgment.
Oftentimes it is referred to as the moral philosophy. It is a science that
deals with the philosophical study of morality.
What is Morale?
• Morale refers or deals on personal dignity. It pertains to manners relates
to, deals with or capable of making the distinction between right and
wrong conduct.
What is Morality?
• Morality comes from the Latin word "mores" which signifies conduct and
refers to behavior of people, which is valuable and which enhance
dignity of the individual.
What is Conduct?
• Conduct is personal behavior. In ethics, it is the voluntary control and
direction of one's activities toward moral and spiritual development.
Definition of Terms:
ETHICS
• the science of the morality of human acts
• the study of human motivation, and ultimately, of human rational
behavior
• derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means characteristic
way of acting
POLICE ETHICS
• a practical science that treats the principles of human morality and
duty as applied to law enforcement
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
• a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe;
guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate
ETHICAL STANDARDS
• shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values
Definition of Terms:
VIRTUE
• a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his
nature
MORAL VIRTUE
• concerned with those actions that pertain to one’s duties towards his
neighbors and himself
• virtues that build the character of a person
FOUR CARDINAL VIRTUES THAT SERVE AS THE BASIS OF
FORMULATING THE STANDARD BEHAVIOR OF POLICE
OFFICERS:
1. PRUDENCE – the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of
reason and sound judgment; the virtue that attracts the intellect to
choose the most effective means for accomplishing what is morally good
and avoiding what it evil
2. TEMPERANCE – one’s ability to moderate or avoid something; the virtue
that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasures
FOUR CARDINAL VIRTUES THAT SERVE AS THE BASIS OF
FORMULATING THE STANDARD BEHAVIOR OF POLICE
OFFICERS:
3.Fortitude – Firmness of mind. It is the courage to endure
without yielding. A virtue which incites courage.
a. Patience – Calmness and composure in enduring
something.
b. Perseverance – It is the ability to go on in spite of
obstacle or opposition.
c. Endurance – It is the ability to last.
4. Justice – It is a virtue that inclines the will to give to each
one his right.
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
COMMUTATIVE
• virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that
exist between one individual and another
e.g. SPO1 Geffrey Limbo violates commutative justice if he steals
the gun of Patrolman Juan Borja.
DISTRIBUTIVE
• regulates those actions that involve the rights that an individual
may claim from society
e.g. A mayor violates distributive justice if he confers an honorary
title on an undeserving relative of his.
LEGAL
• virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly
require of the individual for the common good
e.g. The state may make laws concerning imports. If a man
smuggles contraband into a country, he violates legal justice.
TWO (2) FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF HUMAN SOCIETY
• Justice
• Charity
The law of CHARITY:
• Man is by virtue as a social animal. He is intended to live his life in company with
his fellow human beings.
• Man has certain obligations with regards to his fellowmen.. He is bound not only
by the law of justice, which obliges him to respect their rights, but also by the law
of charity, which binds him to give them under certain conditions whatever help
they may require.
Exemption from the doctrine COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
• An officer of the police who is directly or immediately in command shall be
answerable under the doctrine of command responsibility for any misfeasance
(wrongful doing of an act which might be done lawfully), malfeasance
(commission of a wrongful act) or nonfeasance (failure to perform a duty) of his
subordinates.
Exemption:
• When he was not properly informed of the acts of mission of his subordinates.
• When he was properly informed and he conducted an immediate investigation of
such act or omission.
• When he acted upon lawful orders from higher authorities.
Definition of Terms:
1. Neglect of duty or non-feasance – is the omission
or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act
duty, which it was the peace Officer’s legal obligation
to perform, it implies a duty as well as its breach and
the fact can never be found in the absence of a duty.
2. Irregularities in the performance of Duty – is the
improper performance of some act which might
lawfully done.
3. Misconduct or malfeasance – is the doing, either
through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which
that which the Officer had no legal right to do at all. As
where he act without any authority whatsoever. Or
exceeds, ignores, or abuse his powers.
Continuation…
4. In - competency – is the manifest lack
of adequate ability for the satisfactory
intellectual and physical performance of
police duties.
5. Oppression – imports an act of cruelty,
severity, unlawful execution, domination,
or excessive use of authority.
6. Dishonesty – is the concealment or
distortion of truth in matter of fact
relevant of one’s office.
Continuation…
7. Disloyalty to the Government –
consist of abandonment or renunciation of
one’s loyalty to the Government of the
Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of
the government.
8. Violation of Law – presuppose
conviction in court of any crime of
offenses penalized under revised penal
code or any special law or ordinances.
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
As a law enforcement Officer, my
fundamental duty is to serve mankind;
to safeguard life and property; to
protect the innocent against deception,
weak against oppression or intimidation
and the peaceful against violence or
disorder; and to respect the
constitutional right of all men, liberty,
equality and justice.
Continuation…
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example
to all maintain courageous calm in the face of
danger, scorn or ridicule; develop selfrestrain
and be constantly mindful of the welfare of the
others. Honest in thought and deed in both me
personal and official life, I will be exemplary in
obeying the laws of the land and regulations of
my department/organization. Whatever I see or
hear of a confidential nature or that is confided
to me in my official capacity will be kept ever
secret unless revelation is necessary in the
performance of my sworn duty.
Continuation…
I will never act officiously or permit
personal feelings, prejudices,
animosities or friendship to influences
my decisions; with no compromise for
crime and with relentless prosecution of
criminals, I will enforce the law
courteously and appropriately without
fear or favor, malice or illwell, never
employing unnecessary force or
violence and never accepting gratuities
in return.
Continuation…
I recognize the badge of my office as a
symbol of public trust to be held so
long as I am true to the ethics of
police service, I will never engage in
acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I
condone such acts by other police
Officers, I will cooperate with all
legally authorized agencies and their
representatives in the pursuit of
justice.
Continuation…
I know that I alone is responsible for
my own standard of professional
performances and will take ever
reasonable opportunity to enhance
and improve my level of knowledge
and competence. I will constantly
strive these objectives and ideals,
dedicating myself; before God to my
chosen profession… Law
Enforcement.
“As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve
mankind”
• This passage is contained in two words: “duty” and “service”.
Too often we forget that law enforcement is not just a job for
which we are hired as one would hire a laborer or tradesman.
It involves a sworn duty. Some progressive police department
now requires that its officers reaffirm their oath each year in
an effort to drive home the message that is contained in this
sworn oath. And to again remind the officer of the essential
relationship between his job and the free society in which he
lives.
• The word “serve” denotes the denial of one’s own pleasures
and desire for the good of the person or persons to be
served. Service involves dedication and sacrifice of the giving
of one’s self. These are words that many find hard to swallow
in his present day and age but the job of professional law
enforcement requires a special creed of man.
“To safeguard lives and property; to protect
the innocent against deception, the weak
against oppression or intimidation; and the
peaceful against violence or disorder”
• We must, however, understand some of
the limitations that are present in a truly
democratic society. In such a society as
ours, this task can often be a difficult one,
because protecting the rights of the
individual means also protecting the right
of the criminal. This is sometimes a hard
pill for law enforcement officers to
swallow.
• Because of this, some officers stray politically to the far right
in an effort to either seek a system where their job would be
made easier, or to better protect the society that they have
sworn to serve. It is easy for an officer to become bitter
when he has continually witnessed the ends of justice
thwarted by red tape politics and technicalities of the law.
The more truly idealistic he is, the more frustrated he can
become, especially if he lacks a philosophy or understanding
of his true purpose in the society which he serves. Why
must the idealistic officer suffer so? When a good carpenter
does his best, in building a fine house, one that can be seen
and admired by all, he can stand back and look at his job with
a feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction. The same
applies to an artist or anyone in the skilled trades. Why not,
then the policemen? Why must a good policeman, who works
hard for the ends of justice, see the products of his work so
often crumble at his feet?
“To respect the constitutional rights of all men to
liberty, equality and justice”
• Respecting the rights of others is not one of man’s natural qualities.
It seems to be part of his nature to suspect and persecute those
who are in any different from him. There is no perfect justice on
this earth, nor will there ever be, because man is not all knowing
“nor” is he himself perfect. Still we must strive for a form of justice
that represents our ultimate capability. This involves not only great
effort on the part or veryperson in the community, but individual
sacrifice as well.
• One of the greatest areas of fault among police officers generally, is
not so much a prejudice against the criminal. For example, an
officer soon learns from experience that a certain group of persons
is often responsible for the majority of the crimes committed such
an offense. Such a prejudice could lead to the faulty conclusion that
he is the guilty person. This soon leads to a general feeling or
prejudice against all those who have been convicted of prior
offenses, and an almost subconscious refusal to accord them the
same right that the Constitution provides for all persons.
“I will keep my private life unsullied as an example
to all”
• One of the first things that a law enforcement officer must
learn is that he has no private life. Every citizen should be
entitled to his own private life yet when a person accepts the
calling of Law enforcement, as a voluntary measure, he must
be willing to offer his privacy as a sacrifice to the good of the
community which he serves. If a law enforcement officer
could hide from his neighbors the facts that he is a
policeman, then his private life could be his own. This,
however, is impossibility. If a policeman has a family, hi
occupation will become known in the neighborhood within a
few days at the most. It he is single, and keeps to himself,
he may keep the secret a little longer, but if he is engaged in
active law enforcement within his community, it is inevitable
that his neighbors will become aware of it. One this is
known, he will become the Object of constant observation.
“ Maintain courageous calm in the face of danger,
scorn or ridicule and develop self restrain”
• In a democratic society, a police officer is a public officer
and as such is a servant to the community. Instead of
being above reproach or ridicule, he must expect to
receive his position, as part of his job. It is not easy to
control one’s temper when being subjected to
unnecessary and unjustified scorn or ridicule. Punching
the perpetrator in the mouth will hurt him physically, but
psychologically he will sense victory in that he knows
that he “got to the officer.” Nothing will hurt him more
than being ignored. Through practice, even the officer
with temper can learn to control it. For the professional
law enforcement officer it is “must”. When subjected to
scorn and ridicule, it often helps just to consider the
source.
“ Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to
me in my official capacity will be kept secret unless revelation is
necessary in the performance of my duty”
• Some officers feel that there is a difference in that the information
obtained by the doctor and attorney is freely given with the
understanding that will be confidential whereas the he information
obtained as part the law enforcement officer can be the result of
many sources or forms of investigation.
• How it was obtained is really not important. The fact that it was
obtained as part of the officer’s occupation, and is usually
information that he would not have otherwise obtained had he not
been in that field, is the key point.
• This information should never leave the department or the person
retaining it unless it is in the interest of justice. An officer should
even be careful not to reveal information to his wife. An officer’s
wife is often very tempted to reveal information of a confidential
nature of neighbor women in an effort to show her neighbors the
importance of her husband’s job, and to gain status in the eyes of
the neighbor women.
“I will never permit personal feelings, prejudice,
animosities or friendship to influence my decisions”
• It is quite difficult to know which desire is strongest in
some persons, to help our friends or to hurt our
enemies. Both desires are part of our human nature.
Helping our friends can be very good thing in self, but
when it involves an inequity in the administration of
justice we are defiling the oath we made to the
community in which we serve. In police work, there is
ample opportunity to both hurt enemies and help
friends, and it takes a person of strong character to
properly perform his duties under these
circumstances. Without professional convictions, this
can be impossibility.
•
“I will never act officiously”
• One of the faults common to new officers is that they often act
officiously. They appear to the public to be overimpressed with
their own importance. In a way this is natural because it is
associated with pride and a new officer is usually very proud for his
is a noble undertaking. However, a law enforcement officer must
always guard against having this pride misinterpreted by the public
as being merely officious.
• The majority of the people who make contact with a law
enforcement officer during his hour of duty are not criminals. The
majority of the persons receiving tickets from an officer are normally
law abiding, upright citizens of the community, and they are usually
embarrassed enough by being caught inn a traffic violation without
being talked down to or treated like a criminal. Judges often report
that a common reason for a person appearing in traffic court as not
so much to contest the facts of the offense as it is complain about
the demeanor of the officer issuing the citation.
“With no compromise for crime and with relentless
prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and
appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill-will”
• The term “with no compromise for crime” means that crime will not be
knowingly permitted. It does not mean that the officer must perform his
duties to the “letter of the law” without taking into consideration the “spirit
of the law”. If the Code of Ethics will be examined, nothing will be found in
it to the effect than an officer must obtain convictions and send people to
prison for long periods of time. It does state, however, that he must do the
best of which he is capable, and that his actions must in them be ethical.
No man can predict or guarantee the final results of any action. Only god
can do this, Man can only be responsible for his immediate actions. If an
officer does a good job and the court release the criminal, the blame rests
not upon him but upon the courts, the jury or society itself. The modern law
enforcement officer has a new motto “Be firm but fair”. He does not have to
be a “theory bound” sociologist just because he treats criminals like human
beings.
• The professional law enforcement officer lets the criminal call the tune as to
his own treatment. The officers can and must be as tough as the situation
demands yet there is no personal vindictiveness in the way he treats the
criminal. His tone of voice and demeanor usually indicate that he will not
be walked on, yet his actions are fair
“I will never employ unnecessary force or violence”
• At times the use of force in the performance of one’s
duties is an absolute necessity. There is no escaping it.
It is extremely difficult to judge exactly whether or not
use of force is necessary in a given situation. The use of
force or violence during interrogations will often produce
immediate confessions, but it should be avoided on
ethical grounds. The interrogator seldom knows with
complete certainty that the suspect is guilty, and the use
of force or the “third degree” on an innocent person is
certainly a miscarriage of justice as well as a violation of
professional conduct. As a means of Punishment for the
criminal, it would be out of place for it is not the function
of law enforcement to punish criminals. This belongs to
the courts and prisons.
“I will never accept gratuities”
• Those members of law enforcement who
developed this code, were certainly aware of the
complexities of this particular area, but the use
of the word “never” in relation to accepting
gratuities, indicated that they felt that this was a
necessary and essential prerequisite to
professional law enforcement. To be truly
professional we must first be ethical, we must
do what is actually describe, not merely what we
would like to be desirable.
“ I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I
accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics
of police service”
• The essence of this section is one of the most overlooked and forgotten
facets of law enforcement by the man in the field. It is this that
distinguishes the difference between law enforcement and the ordinary job.
It is this that enables an officer to suffer the difficulties and problems that
make the held, at times, so frustrating and discouraging. Police
administrators would do well to place more emphasis upon the swearing
process. It should be made very formal and similar to the initiation of many
fraternal organizations.
• The chief of Police should see that the recruit is not issued a badge or
allowed to put on a uniform until he is thoroughly familiar with the code of
ethics and especially the above section. He should be made to understand
that he is one of a select few, and that his job is public trust that must be
earned. The new officer should also understand that any personal reward
would not be obtained from the public itself. This is so because the public is
a difficult master, it there no to personal reward, it can only come from
itself or from knowing the true significance of the job and the essential role
that in plays in society. Perhaps the greatest reward is the selfrespect and
satisfaction that comes from the knowledge that the job was done in a truly
professional manner.
“I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals
dedicating my self before God, to my chosen profession… Law
Enforcement”
• Proficiency in law enforcement involves many
factors. It involves mental, moral and physical
conditioning. They are allimportant aspects. The
officer who let him selfslip physically is certainly not
able to protect society. The officer who is in good
physical condition has more confidence in his ability,
and those with whom he deals sense this, and as a
result he finds that it is necessary to exert authority
as much as it might be otherwise. Unfortunately,
most police department requires a stiff physical
agility examination before this area is either
forgotten or greatly neglected. It is left up to the
individual officer to keep himself in shape.
Canons of Police Ethics
The Cannons of police Ethics are the ethical standards
that are being followed by Law Enforcers in the
performance of their duty. These are the following:
1. Primordial Police Responsibilities
2. Limitation of Police Authority
3. Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities
4. Use of Proper means to obtain Proper Ends
5. Cooperation with Public Officials
6. Proper Conduct and Behavior
7. Conduct towards the Community
8. Conduct in arresting Law Violation
9. Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors
10. Impartial Presenting of Evidence
11. Attitudes towards Police Profession
Primordial Police Responsibility
• The primary objectives of Police is the prevention of
crime, policeman knew too well that he has committed
his Life to defend and protect the rights of the citizen
and uphold the law at all cost.
Limitation of Police Authority
The primary as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon
him in enforcing the law, thus:
• He must be aware of the limitations which the people,
through law, have placed him
• He must recognize the center of the democratic system
of government, which gives person, or group of persons,
absolute power.
• He must insure that he does not pervert its true
character.
Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibility
• The policeman shall assiduously apply himself to the principles of
the laws, which he is sworn to applied.
• He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of
enforcement, seeking aid of his superior in matters technically or in
principles are not clear to him
• He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with
law enforcement agencies, particularly on matters of jurisdiction,
both geographically and substantively.
Use of proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
• The policeman shall be Mindful of his responsibility to have strict
selection of methods in discharging the duty of his office.
• Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the
officer are intrinsically wrong. They are selfdefeating if they instill
in the public mind and a like disposition.
• The employment of Illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end,
is certain to encourage disrespect for the law and its officers, If the
law is to be honored, it must first be honored by those who enforce
it.
Cooperation with Public Officials
• The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials
in the performance or authorized duties, regardless of party
affiliation or personal prejudices. He shall be meticulous law,
however, in assuring himself of property, under the law, such
actions and shall guard against the use of his office or person
whether knowingly or in any improper or illegal action.
Proper Conduct and Behavior
• The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by
the public as an upholder of law. Police laxity of conduct or
manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the law
or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in
the policeman and the police service. The community and the
service requires that the policeman leads the life of decent
and honorable person, following the career of policeman gives
no special prerequisite.
Conduct towards the Community
• The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community
• He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to
instill respect for its law.
• He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and
trust.
• He will be neither overbearing nor subservient, as no individual citizen has
no obligation to stand in awe of him or fight to command him.
• He will do neither from personal preference or prejudice but rather a duly
appointed officer of the law discharging his sworn obligation.
Conduct in Arresting Law Violator
• Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law and
with due regard to the rights of the citizen concerned.
• He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and
limitation regarding the detention of the accused.
• He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of
having to use force.
• He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of
the law whether in the handling of the accused or lawabiding citizen.
Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors
• Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in
his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government institution.
• He shall guard against placing himself in a Position in which the public can reasonably
assume that special consideration is being given.
• He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or gratitude, large or small, which can be
public mind, be interpreted as capable of influencing his judgment in the discharge of
his duties.
Attitude towards Police Profession
• Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize
his responsibilities as a public servant.
• He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the selection of the
crime and in the field of human relation.
• He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters affecting public
safety.
• He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and hold police
work to be an honorable profession rendering valuable service to his community.
• Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of
knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient and effective
performance of duty. The acquisition of knowledge is a never ending process of
personal and professional development that should be pursued constantly.
Impartial Presentation of Evidence
– Policeman shall be concerned equally in the prosecution of the accused or
for the defense of the innocent
– He shall ascertain what kind of evidence and shall present such evidence
impartially and without malice.
– He shall ignore social, political and all other distinction among the person
involved, strengthening the tradition of reliability and integrity of an
officer’s word.
Professional Police Principles
The following are the professional police principles:
• Prevention of crime and disorder
• Cooperation of the community
• Unreasonable force reduce community cooperation
• Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient
• Impartial enforcement of laws.
• The community is the police.
• Police should not usurp judicial powers.
• Rules of engagement impartially observed.
• Reduction of crime and dishonor.
• Police discretion
Prevention of Crime and Disorder
• The basic mission for whom the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder
as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by police force and
severity of legal punishment.
Cooperation of Crime and Disorder
• The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary observance
of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect and support of the
community. The ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon
community support of police existence, actions, behavior and the ability of
the police to secure and maintain community and respect.
Unreasonable Force Reduce Community Cooperation
• A police officer will never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use
only such force in the discharge of duty as in reasonable in all
circumstances. Force should be used only with the greatest restraint and
only after discussion, negotiation and persuasion have been found to be
inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of force is occasionally
unavoidable, every police officer will refrain from applying the unnecessary
infliction of pain or suffering and will never engage in cruel, degrading of
inhuman treatment of any person.
Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion Is Sufficient
• The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance
of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and
warning is found to be insufficient to attain police objectives. No violence or
unnecessary force shall be subject to any greater restrain than is necessary for his
detention.
Impartial Enforcement of Laws
• The police seek and preserve community favor, not by catering to community opinion,
but constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial enforcement of laws, without regard
to the justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws. In short, there should
be impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of the, society without
regard to their race of social standing.
The Community is the Police
• The police at all times should maintain relationship with the community that gives
really to the historic tradition that the police are the community are the police. The
police are the only members of the community who are pain to give full time attention
to maintain peace and order, which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of
community welfare.
Police Should Not Usurp Judicial Powers
• The police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions and never
appear to usurp the powers of judiciary by averaging individuals of the state of
authoritative judging guilt of punishing the guilt.
Reduction of Crime and Disorder
• The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally eradicated,
not by evidence of police present and action in dealing with the community.
Rules of Enforcement Impartially Observed
• Policemen engaged in anticrime operation always consider the safety and security of who
might be caught in the crossfire or arm encounters.
• The use of force including firearms is justifiable only by virtue of the Doctrine of self
defense and Defense of a Stranger. Nobody, including the policeman and other law
enforcement authorities is above the law.
• The use of force, especially firearms, should be applied only as a last resort, when all other
peaceful and nonviolent means has been exhausted.
• The use of force, especially firearms, should be confined only in the lawless elements and
the responding PNP unit. This is inherent in the police service in which the profession, the
armaments and safety life of every police officer are dedicated to the protection and safety
of the people.
Police Discretion
• A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise if
within the law. The principle of reasonableness will guide the officer’s determinations and
the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances whether any legal action shall be
taken. Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on professional policing competence,
will do much to preserve good relationship and retain the confidence of the public. There
can be difficulty in choosing between conflicting courses of action. It is important to
remember that a timely word of advice rather than arrest (in appropriate circumstances) is
a more effective means of achieving a desired end.
Professional Police Principles
Professional Police Principles, these are principles that
helps the Police force in maintaining the high standards of
the Police profession. These are the following:
1. Prevention of crime and disorder
2. Cooperation of the Community
3. Unreasonable Force Reduces Community
Cooperation
4. Use of Reasonable Force when persuasion is
not sufficient
5. Impartial enforcement of laws
6. The community are the Police
7. Police should not usurp judicial powers
8. Rules of engagement impartially observed
9. Reduction of crime and dishonor
10. Police discretion
The PNP Core Values
The Police service is a noble profession and demand
from its members specialized knowledge, skill and high
standards ethics and morality. In this regard, the
member of the Philippines National Police must adhere
to and internalize the enduring core values of the PNP.
These are the following Core values:
1. LOVE OF GOD
2. RESPECT TO AUTHORITY
3. RESPECT FOR WOMEN
4. RESPECT FOR SANCTITY OF MARRIAGE
5. STEWARDSHIP OVER MARITAL THINGS
6. RESPONSIBLE DOMINION
7. TRUTHFULNESS
What is a Pledge?
A pledge is a promise or agreement wherein one
bind himself to the performance of some engagement or
obligation.
The Police Officer’s Pledge
• I will love and serve God, my country and people.
• I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders
of duly constituted authorities.
• I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of
morality.
• I will respect the customs and traditions of the
police service.
• I will live a decent and virtuous Life to serve as an
example
The Police Officer Creed
I believe in God, the supreme being a great
provider, the creator of all men and
everything dear to me.
I believe that respect of authority is a duty
I believe in selfless love and service to
people
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the
respect for women
I believe in responsible dominion and
stewardship over material things.
The Police Officer’s Creed
• I believe in God, the Supreme Being and Great provider, the Creator of all men
and everything dear to me. In return, I can do less than love Him above all, seek
His guidance in the performance of my duties and honor Him at all times.
• I believe that respect for authority is a duty
• I believe and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable
rules and regulations.
• I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey
legal orders of my superior officers.
• I believe in selfless love and service to people.
• Toward this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above
my personal convenience.
• I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women.
• I shall set the example of decency and morality.
• I shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
• I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things.
• I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my property.
• I shall protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological
balance.
• I shall not intrigue, gossip or make unverified statement concerning personal
character of conduct, which will discredit another member of the police service.
The Police Code of Covenant
• I shall recognize and I will always be conscious of the fact that the
police service is an honorable calling, thus compelling me to set the
example by strictly adhering to the provision of the code of
professional conduct and ethical standards.
• I bind myself to promote and enhance the noble ideas and
aspirations of code of my personal and professional life and ensure
that its tenets shall be honored at all times.
• This is my personal covenant.
The Policeman’s Prayer
• Lord God Almighty, grant us that we may this day and everyday
over all temptations especially to injustices and disloyalty and with
our minds inflamed by Your Holy Spirit, perform all our duties in
such a manner that as maybe pleasing to Your Devine Will so that
when call to report for the last time, we may not be found wanting.
Amen.
The Filipino Policeman
• A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people.
His badge is the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust, his
uniform a mirror of decorum and integrity and his whole
human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland,
fellowmen and god.
• A Filipino policeman emulates the valor of Lapu Lapu, serenity
of Rizal, the leadership of Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio,
the idealism of Del Pilar, the wisdom of Mabini and the
fortitude of Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
• A Filipino policeman has an oath for his republic to uphold: to
defend the constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and
duly constituted authorities. He has covenant with his people
to comply: to safeguard and protect them even beyond the
call of duty. And he has a legacy for his family to fulfill: to
bequeath unto them the one and only treasure of his life
an embellished name.
The Police Professional Conduct
All members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall
observe the following professional police conduct:
• Commitment of Democracy - Uniform PNP members shall
commit themselves to the democratic way of life and value and
maintain the principles of public accountability. Public office is a
public trust. Public officer must at all times be accountable to the
people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and
efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and leas modest lives.
They shall at all times uphold the constitution and be loyal to our
country, people and organization above loyalty to any persons or
organization.
• Commitment to Public Interest - PNP members shall always
uphold public interest over and above personal interest. All
government properties, resources and powers of their respective
offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and
efficiency, particularly to avoid wastage of public fund and revenues.
Continuation…
• Non-Partisanship - PNP members shall provide service to
everyone without discrimination regardless of Party affiliation in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.
• PNP Conduct during Labor Dispute The involvement of PNP
during strike, lockout, and labor dispute in general shall limited to
the maintenance of peace and order, enforcement of laws and
legal Orders of duly contributed authorities.
• Physical Fitness and Health - All PNP members shall strive to
be physically fit and in good health at all times. Towards this end,
they shall undergo regular exercise and annual medical
examination in any PNP hospital or medical facility.
• Secrecy Discipline - All PNP Members shall guard the
confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized
disclosure. This includes confidential aspect of official business
special orders, communication and other documents, roster or any
portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities
of person who may have given information to the police in
confidence and other classified information on intelligence
Continuation…
• Social Awareness - All PNP members shall be actively
involved in civic, religious, and other social activities with
the end purpose of increasing social awareness.
• Proper Care and Use of Public Property - All PNP
members shall be responsible for the security, proper care
and use of Public property issued to them and/or deposit
under their care and custody, unauthorized used of Public
property for personal convenience of gain and that of their
family, friends, relatives is strictly prohibited.
• Non-Solicitation of Patronage - All PNP members
seeking selfimprovement through career development and
shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or
recommendation from politician, high ranking government
officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic or
religious organization with regard to their assignment,
promotion, transfer or related advantage.
Continuation…
• Respect for Human Rights - In the performance of duty, PNP
members shall respect human dignity and uphold human rights of
all persons. Every police officer shall not inflict, investigate, or
tolerate extra judicial killing, arbitrary arrest, any act of torture or
other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and Punishment. Every
members of the PNP shall not invoke superior order or exceptional
circumstances such as state of war, a threat to national security,
internal political instability or any committing such human rights.
• Devotion to Duty - All PNP members shall perform their duties
with dedication, efficiency enthusiasm, determination and manifest
concerned for public welfare. He shall refrain from engaging in any
activity, which shall in conflict with their duties as Public servant. He
shall not reign sickness or injury or physical incapacity to avoid
performance of duty. He shall not leave his assigned jurisdiction of
official business, except by permission of his superior officer or
other competent authority, unless such permission is not practical as
in pursuit of a criminal, in which case a report must be made
immediately thereafter.
Continuation…
• Conservation of Natural Resources - All members of the PNP shall
help in the development and conservation of our natural resources for
ecological balance and posterity. The natural resources are considered
inalienable heritage of our people.
• Discipline - PNP policemen shall conduct themselves at all times in
keeping with the rules and regulation of the organization. All policemen
at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which include
the following:
• Loyalty - PNP members must be loyal to the constitution and the police
service as manifested by their loyalty to the superior peers and
subordinates as well.
• Obedience to Superior - PNP members shall obey lawful orders and
to be courteous to superior officers and other appropriate authorities
within the chain of command. No members shall use abusive, insulting
or indecent language to another member.
• Command Responsibility - In accordance with the Doctrine of
Command Responsibility, immediate commanders shall be responsible
for the effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel. He
shall see to it that all government resource with laws and regulations
and safeguards against losses through illegal of improper disposition.
The Police Ethical Standards
• Morality - All PNP members shall adhere to high standards of
morality and decency and shall set good example for others to
follow.
• Judicious use of Authority - All PNP members shall be
permitted to apply for search warrant for any evidence of
assault against himself without reporting the case in writing to
his superior officer and Obtaining from his permission to apply
for such warrant.
• Justice - PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the
rights of other so that they can fulfill their duties and exercise
their rights as human beings, parents, children, workers,
leaders, of in other capacities and to see to ensure that others
do likewise.
• Humility All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they
are public servants and not the master of the people and
toward this end, they should perform their duties without
arrogance.
Continuation…
• Orderliness - All PNP shall follow logical procedure
in accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize
waste in the use of time, money and efforts.
• Perseverance - Once a decision is made all PNP
members shall take legitimate means to achieve
the goal even in the face of internal or external
difficulties, and despite of anything which might
weaken their resolve in the course of time.
• Integrity - PNP members shall not allow
themselves to be victims of corruption and
dishonest practices in accordance with the provision
of existing laws on corrupt practices.
Ethical Issues Affecting Police Service
• Police Image - The image of any organization affects the esprit
de corps, morale and welfare of members and sense of pride to
the organization. In view thereof, all members of the PNP should
conduct themselves in manner that would not place the PNP core
values in vain and possess the following virtue: Honor, Integrity,
Valor, Justice, Honesty, Humility, Charity, and Loyalty to the
service.
• Career Management the Key In Professionalism - The
improper implementation of career management greatly these
prejudice the personnel professionalization process as regards to
procurement, promotion, all assignment, placement, training
awards, and retirement.
To address this issue, and PNP shall formulate stringent policy
and strictly implement the human resources development system,
compatible to the equitable distribution of procurement, fair
promotion, rationalizes approach in assignment, skill
development, immediate grant of reward and award, decent living
upon retirement.
Continuation…
• Police Management Leadership - The effectiveness of the law
enforcement is reflective of law enforcement is reflective of the
managerial capabilities and competent leadership of men and women
who run the PNP organization. It is therefore a “must” that this
attribute be the primary basis for consideration in the selection of
personnel for employment purpose.
• Equality in the Service - There shall be judicious equitable
distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police service.
The problem on inequality through class orientation and factionalism,
both real and perceived, precise on favored assignment, inequitable
opportunity, of training, unfair granting of promotion, and untimely
awarding of achievements will create an atmosphere of demoralization.
The result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of
organization. It behooves therefore on the PNP leadership to address
the situation. The civilian character requires the adherence to the rule
on merit and fitness system and to dissociate to the above process from
class orientation and factionalism.
Continuation…
• Police Lifestyle - The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every
member of the organization that is acceptable and respectable in the
eyes of the public. Further, its members should set example to the
subordinate and follow good example from the superiors. Police officers
will behave in a manner that does not bring discredit to their agencies
or themselves.
A police officers character and conduct while off duty must always be
exemplary, thus maintaining a position of respect in the community, in
which he or she lives and serves. The officer’s personal behavior must
be beyond repute. They must be free from greed, corruption and
exploitation. The public expects a police officer to live a simple, yet
credible and dignified life.
• Delicadeza - In consonance with the requirements o honor and
integrity in the PNP, all members must have the moral courage to
sacrifice selfinterest in keeping with the timehonored principles of
delicadeza. All members shall promptly discharge all debts and legal
liabilities incurred by them.
• Political Patronage - All PNP members must inhibit themselves from
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to assignment,
awards, training and promotion.
Continuation…
• Human Rights - All PNP members must respect and
protect human dignity and men’s inalienable rights to life,
liberty and prosperity.
Right to Life includes the right to live, free from social
damages against life or limb, or free from unjustified control.
The Right to Liberty includes the right to determine one’s
mode of life with due respect to the rights of others. Liberty,
so it is said, consists largely of freedom arbitrary physical
restrain. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within
the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon
the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety or public health, as any
provided by law. The Right in Property includes the right to
acquire, hold, enjoy, possess and manage property or to
dispose the same accordingly as well as to devote the same to
legitimate use.
What is the Basis of Police Customs and Traditions?
• The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the
desirable practices of the police service. These shall serve as inspirations as the
PNP endeavors to attain its goals and objectives.
What do you Understand by Customs?
• Customs is established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that
have obtained the force of the law. Customs are accepted practices realized
through continued usage that takes the force and effects of the Common Law.
What do you Understand by Tradition?
• Traditions are bodies or beliefs, stories, customs effect of an unwritten law.
Traditions are inherited principles, standards and groups.
• Traditions are accumulated experiences and deeds passed on from generation
to generation both in memory and reality.
What is Courtesy?
• Courtesy is a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for
others.
What is Ceremony?
• A ceremony is a formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to
special occasions.
What is Social Decorum?
• Social Decorum is a set of norms and standards practiced by members during
socials and other functions.
Police Customs and Traditions
The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions base on the
desirable practices of the police. These shall serve as inspiration as the PNP
endeavor to attain its goals and objectives.
Police Customs
A. Custom on Courtesy
• Courtesy is a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect on
others.
1. Salute – It is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed
members upon and recognizing person entitled to salute.
• Salute to National Color and Standards PNP members stand at attention
and salute the national color and standard as it pass by them or when
the national color is raised or lowered during ceremony.
2. Address/Title junior in rank address senior members
who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir”
3. Courtesy Calls The following are the customs on
courtesy calls:
Continuation…
3. Courtesy Calls The following are the customs on
courtesy calls:
• Courtesy call of newly assigned/ appointed members -PNP
members who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command,
call on the Chief of the Unit or command and to other key personnel for
accounting, orientation and other purposes.
• New year’s call - PNP members pay a new year’s call on their
commanders and /or key official in their respective areas of
responsibility.
• Promotion Call – Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit
head. On this occasion, they are usually given during recognition and
congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplished
• Exit Call PNP members pays an exit call on their superiors in the unit
or command when relieve or reassigned out of the said unit or
command.
4. Courtesy of the Post - The host unit extend hospitality to
visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.
5. Rank has – its – own Privilege - PNP members recognize
the practice that different rank carry with them
corresponding privilege.
Custom on Ceremonies
Ceremony is a formal act or set of formal acts established by custom or
authority as proper to special occasion.
• Flag Raising Ceremony - PNP members honor the flag by
raising it and singing the National Anthem before the start of the
official day’s work for the week.
• Flag Retreat Ceremony At the end of the Official day’s work
to PNP members pause for a moment to salute the lowering of
the flag.
• Half–Mast The flag is raised at half – mast in difference to
deceased uniform / civilian member of the command.
• Funeral Service and Honor Departed uniformed members,
retires, war veterans are given vigil, necrological services and
graveside honor as a gesture of farewell.
• Ceremony rendered to Retirees In recognition of their long,
faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial activity is
tendered in their honor.
Continuation…
• Honor Ceremony Arrival and departure honor
ceremonies are tendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs
PNP officers of equivalent grade.
• Turn – Over Ceremony The relinquishment and
assumption of command key position is publicly
announced in a Turn – Over Ceremony by the incoming
– outgoing officers in the presence of the immediate
superior or his representative and key officials.
• Wedding Ceremony During marriage of PNP
members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in
uniform and sworn drawn.
• Anniversary The birth or institutional establishment
of a command or unit is commemorated in a
Anniversary Ceremony
Custom and Social Decorum
Customs on Social Decorum are set of norms and standards practiced by
members during social and other functions. The following are police customs and
social decorum.
• Proper Attire PNP members always wear appropriate and proper
attire in conformity with the occasion.
• Table Manner PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
• Social Graces PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing
with the people during social functions.
• Uniform/ Appearance The public looks upon PNP members as
distinctively decent when PNP members wear their uniforms properly
wherever they may be. Since disciplined PNP members are best
exemplified by those whose are neat in appearance and wearing the
prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the following:
1. Wearing the prescribed uniform
2. Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in
accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations
3. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
• Manner of Walking Every PNP member is expected to walk with
pride and dignity.
Other Police Customs
• Visiting the Sick PNP members who are in the hospital, their
residence or anyplace of confinement are visited by their immediate
commanders or other available officers of the unit in order that their
needs are attended.
• Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members When PNP
members die, a Survivor officer is designated to render maximum
assistance to their legitimate bereaved gears until all benefits due shall
have been received.
• Visiting a Religious Leaders PNP members/ officers visiting a
religious leader in their area of assignment to establish or maintain
rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and PNP.
• Athletics All PNP members must undergo in physical fitness activities
to insure their proper physical appearance and bearing are maintain
with the waist line measurement always smaller than the size of his
chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by the organization.
• Happy Hours Usually Fridays or on any other day suitable for the
occasion, PNP members gather a PNP Clubhouse for a high hearted
jesting or airing of minor gripes.
Police Traditions
Tradition is a body of belief, stories, customs and usages handed
down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten
law.
• Spiritual Beliefs PNP members are traditionally religious
and god loving person. They attend religious service
together with their family.
• Valor History attests that Filipino lawenforcers have
exemplified the tradition of valor in defending the country
from aggression and oppression. They sacrifice their limbs
and lives for their countrymen they are pledged to serve.
• Discipline The discipline of PNP members manifested by
instinctive obedience to lawful orders and through and
spontaneous actions within the bounds of ethical and legal
norms.
• Gentleman PNP members are upright in character, polite
in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their
concern or their fellowmen.
Police Traditions
Tradition is a body of belief, stories, customs and usages handed
down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten
law.
• Word of Honor PNP members’ word is their hand; they
stand by and commit to uphold it. PNP members have
historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public
servants who perform their duty with deep sense of
responsibility and self – sacrifice.
• Loyalty Police are traditionally loyal to the organization
country people as borne out by history and practice.
• Camaraderie – The binding spirit that enhance teamwork
and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the
people they serve, is manifested by the PNP members’ deep
commitment and concern for one another.
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS
• This chapter presents a discussion on Police Community Relation
(PCR). It is generally accepted that the Police as an organization
is a part of the community it serves. This may mean that the
police, in its relentless endeavors against criminality needs the
indispensable support of the community. In analysis, the police
is inseparable to the community in all crime prevention and crime
suppression activities. Therefore, it is the concern of every police
officer to: develop rapport with the community; and maintain a
meaningful relation with the people and the community at large.
• To achieve this end, a police officer should be relentlessly
directed by strong sense of responsibility, courtesy and sincerity.
As mentioned by Dr. Agas in his handbook, Notes on Police
Community Relations, “Good service is often a matter of how a
person presents himself to the public. Courtesy, however, must be
coupled with firmness in order to command respect.”
Terms to Ponder in this Study
• Police a civil organization whose members are given special
legal powers by the government and whose task is to maintain
public order and to solve and prevent crimes; or group of persons
established, maintained and organized for keeping order, safety,
protection of lives and properties and for prevention and
detection of crimes.
• Community - the public or society in general; it refers to the
civilian populace in cities, municipalities or public in general, and
shall be used interchangeably with public, citizenry, society, or
private sector.
• Police Ideal – it refers to the expected standard of perfection or
excellence in the personal, and professional conduct of every
member of the police; or the expected essence of perfection,
sympathetic, courteous intelligent, honest, and in control of his
emotions and temper, at all times. It also includes courage and
highest sense of dedication to duty.
Terms to Ponder in this Study
• Personal Media – it is the means of communication used by the
police as it deals with the community such as the use of rallies,
meetings, speeches and house to house visits to the community.
• Barangay - is the basic political unit of the Filipino nation that
implements the policies of the national and local governments
(1987 Phil. Constitution); sometimes referred to as the local
community.
• Propaganda – any information or publicity put out by an
organization (i.e., police) or government to spread and promote a
policy, idea, doctrine, or cause.
• Police Community Relation - the sum total of dealings
between the police and the people it serve and whose goodwill
and cooperation it craves for the greatest possible efficiency in
the service.
• Mass Media – implies the use of radio, television and motion
pictures in transmitting information to the public.
What is Community Relation?
• In the police, community relations may mean the total
dealings of the police organization as it immerses itself to
the community it serves. On the other hand, Agas in his
handbook, Notes on Police Community Relation, stated that
“community relation is like a threelegged stool, each leg of
an equal importance in holding the stool upright. One leg is
public relations in its traditional sense. Another leg is
community service. The third leg is community participation,
and this is the facet of the total community relations’ job
that is being emphasized today in police and community
relations program.”
The Bases of Police Community Relation
• In the democratic concept of policing – the police is the
people and the people is the police, which means that every
police officer is mandated to protect lives and properties,
preserve peace and order and prevent crimes and other civil
disturbances. However, his performance of duty is governed
by the Constitution and other laws and statutes such as the
preservation of the basic human rights and observance of
the due process of law.
• In addition, every police officer is a public servant and
his office is a public trust. Therefore, the police officer is
obliged to conduct himself in the community according to
the standards of conducts and ethics of his organization, the
police organization. Furthermore, he should bear in mind
that his authority to enforce the law comes from the
people’s mandate.
What are the Principles of Community Relation?
• Community Support must be maintained
• Community Resentment must be avoided
• Community Goodwill must be developed
• Community must be kept informed
What are the Objectives of Police Community Relation?
• Maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community
for the police.
• Obtain cooperation and assistance.
• Develop public understanding, and support and appreciation for the
service of the police.
• Create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems and
needs of the public.
• Facilitate law enforcement and compliance.
• Build public opinion in favor of the Police.
• Achieve the Police purpose or preserving the peace, protection of life
and property, and the prevention of crime.
Police Relations - Reviving the idea of “The people’s
police”
• As earlier discussed, the police is created by the people for the
protection of the people at large against all forms of criminality
and public disturbances and every police work is governed by
the laws that the people promulgated through the legislative
body of the government. In the performance of duty,
oftentimes a police officer is confronted by complex problems
brought about by the varied cultures and practices of the
people in the community. Since a police officer is dealing with
humans, he should have interest in human life. Hence, he is
obliged to build up positive relations or rapport towards the
people he serves. However, as generally accepted, building up
good relationship is a continuing process which requires mutual
respect and mutual exchange and cannot be
compartmentalized or divided if it is to be effective.
1. Public Information Program – This is designed to bridge
any communication gap between the police and public.
This is the basic among the first four programs of community
relation.
• Public Information Program – This is designed to bridge
any communication gap between the police and public. This
is the basic among the first four programs of community
relation.
a. Duties of Public Information Officers:
• He must be kept wellinformed so that he will understand
and appreciate the complexities of police work and the
good service the police render to the community.
• He must be informed that the greatest number of the
police in the community shall benefit as much as possible,
by using mass and personal media.
1.
b. Activities Implemented by Public Information Officer:
• Conduct of barangay tanod seminars
• Inform the barangay officials regarding trends and other police
community problems
• Police station commanders assign a place in police station for barangay
leaders so that they can work together and provide coordination.
• Produce and distribute brochures, advising the people on how to protect
themselves in their homes and premises.
• Conduct environment sanitation seminars
• Conduct troop information or educational and historical lectures in all
units’ offices of police district.
• Police officers deliver Lectures and Public appearance to hear civic group
and civic organizations.
• Discuss with high school students and parents and or teachers
association about drug abuse prevention control.
• Conduct cleanliness, saturation or information drive where notices of
such deficiencies are issued.
• Establish police counseling centers in zones/barangays to provide advice
to barangay leaders on crime prevention and control.
2. Public Relation Program – This is designed to maintain
harmony and mutual support between the police and the community.
• Duties of Public Relation Officers – he shall:
– Regularly issue press releases concerning police
activities which are of public concern.
– Evolve and conduct public rotation program to
promote better and closer relations between the
police and the community.
– Build good image through actual commendable
performance, without inefficiency and corruption.
– Evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to
the policies methods, personnel of the police station.
– Plan and carry out programs aimed at keeping the
public informed on police activities.
2. Public Relation Program – This is designed to maintain
harmony and mutual support between the police and the community.
• Activities Implemented by Public Relations Officers:
– Conduct facetoface communications including dialogue
with the public.
– Attend social cultural activities of the barangay, such as
birthdays, weddings baptismal parties, wake and others.
– Attend multisectoral “ugnayans,” which include religious
sects, school, barangays civic organization and
governmental agencies.
– Sending letters of appreciation to citizen whom assists the
police in their work.
– Conduct first aid and traffic safety education.
– Promotion of manpower development for out of school
youth.
– Sponsorship of youth athletic activities.
– Assist immediate in settling dispute at barangay level.
3. Civic Action Program This is designed to maintain and
encourage community development
• Duties of a Civic Action Officer – he shall:
– Encourage and actively participate in athletic competitive in
promote youth development by wisely coordinating with the
social elements of the populace.
– Initiate if necessary, fund raising campaigns for juvenile
delinquents, who are being reformed.
– Be alert to safeguard the community against loss and
damages on properties and possible death, in the events of
calamity.
– Render all possible assistance, especially to the men folk in
enabling them obtain the means of productive endeavors and
discourage them from loitering in the street, or engaging
uneconomic activities such as illegal gambling and others.
– Whenever feasible, he shall promote and actively participate
in the establishment of free medical and dental civic action
with special attention to the community.
3. Civic Action Program This is designed to maintain and
encourage community development
• Activities Implemented by a Civic Action Officer:
– Assist National Red Cross on blood donation campaign
by exerting extra effort in appealing to barangay
officials.
– Conduct free medical and dental civic action
community.
– Conduct free deworming of affected children in
depressed areas.
– Assist citizens in case of transportation strike and
other similar cause.
– Develop and maintain cleanliness and beautification of
surroundings.
– Attend to backyard gardening, tree planting projects.
4. Psychological Program This is designed to condition both friendly and
hostile public thereby insuring and facilitating the attainment of police
objectives. This program is designed to influence the opinions, emotions
attitude and behavior of the community so that they will behave in a manner
beneficial to the police, either directly or indirectly. It will condition the citiz
to adhere to the laws of the land and dissuade them in committing crime.
These may be in spoken, written, pictorial or musical form.
• Duties of Psychological Operation Officers – he shall:
– Strive to mold the youth into useful and law abiding citizens, thereby
minimizing their chances to engage in the criminal activities and
preventing them from being influenced by the misguided elements of
society.
– Be adequately prepared to articulate on the gains achieved by the
government in formal or informal gatherings so that they can develop
unity and cooperation among people and neutralize any smear campaign
being wage by the elements hostile to our government.
– Develop an attitude of deep concern for the individuals in his area of
operation instead of being indifferent to their problems.
– Be instrumental in the development of civic mindedness among the
criminal offenders under his custody by providing examples why crime
does not pay.
4. Psychological Program
• Activities Implemented by Psychological
Operation Officer:
– Conduct seminars for barangay officials, police
civic relation officers, and school officials to
enable them to understand home defense
activities.
– Promote seminars among barangay leaders
regarding community relation activities.
– Identify incomegenerating projects/activities.
What is Police Information and Education?
These are communication activities utilizing the various forms of
media. These geared towards creating consciousness and
awareness among target audience on facts and issues vital to the
development of an efficient, respected, and supported police force.
The two major components are:
• Community Information these are activities utilizing the various
forms of media directed towards the public at large. These are
designed to increase the public’s consciousness and knowledge of
facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law enforcement, counter
insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime solution
efficiency to include weakening of the will of the criminal elements
and insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual critical to
the government in general and the police organization in particular.
• Institutional Information - These are activities utilizing the
various forms of Media directed towards the public at large designed
to generate trust, confidence and popular support for the police
organization or simply enhancing public perception and knowledge
about the police as an institution of the government.
What does it mean by Police Community Affairs?
These are activities outside law enforcement but which
necessitates PNP support and or participation.
• Community Assistance and Development – these are
under taken upon the initiative of the police unit or
personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of
drawing the support, appreciation and support of the public
to wards the police organization.
Examples are:
– Skills, Livelihood, and Cooperative Development.
– Sports and SocioCultural development.
– Medical, and Dental Outreach Services.
– Tree Planting.
What does it mean by Police Community Affairs?
• Community Inter-Relations these are under taken
upon the initiative of other government agencies, non –
governmental organization, and or individual citizens
whereby a police organization or personnel actively
contributes time, money and or service as a means of
drawing the support, appreciation, and cooperation of the
public towards the police organization in whole in or part.
• Community Organization and Mobilization these are
activities revolving around the accreditation of existing
groups or creation of new ones with the end in view of
having allies within various sectors in the community who
could be tapped to assist in the conduct of law services,
community works and the like.
Comprehensive PCR Plans
The two major components of the plan are Internal Reform and
Gaining of Institutional Support.
The following institutions shall be the priority target in internal reform:
1. Congress Being the law making body, it is one of the vital
governmental institutions that can support the police organization. The
police organization must muster enough support from Congress so that
laws needed to enhance its capabilities to safeguard peace and order of
the community and ensure public safety as well as laws on
organizational development and modernization maybe enacted.
2. Liaison Office
• Organization Level Liaison: The Directorate for PCR. shall maintain a liaison office
with Congress whose main task is monitor, get the pulse, actively interact and
possibly influence lawmakers on matters affecting the police office. Since relationship
with this institution must be symbiotic then this office shall also be responsible in
giving general, special, technical assistance to Congress as pertains to the police
office.
• Top Hierarchy Level Liaison: Top leadership of the command shall conduct regular
FACE to FACE dialogues with key members of the Congress as well as different
Congressional Committees handling police affairs in order to present for their
appreciation and support on matters affecting the police office.
• Special Individual Liaison: Monitoring and Assessment of activities and special
activities of general liaison.
Comprehensive PCR Plans
The two major components of the plan are Internal Reform and
Gaining of Institutional Support.
The following institutions shall be the priority target in internal reform:
3. The Media - This is unquestionably most powerful
instrument in forming public opinion. Specific activities to be
taken with respect to this institution include:
• Development of guidelines on Media–Police relationship. This guideline
shall form the basis of the organization as well as of its individual
personnel dealing with the media.
• Providing timely and accurate information through press releases,
regular conference, daily bulletins, and attendance to talk show and
similar programs.
• Giving the media reasonable accessibility to source of information in
accordance with the existing security regulations.
• Improvement of rapport with media through non law enforcement
activities such as sports, outing parties and the like.
• Giving of special awards by the police office to deserving media
personalities.
Comprehensive PCR Plans
The two major components of the plan are Internal Reform and
Gaining of Institutional Support.
The following institutions shall be the priority target in internal reform:
4. The Church - The opinion of church leaders carries much weight among
the religious. It need not underscore that a pastoral letter read through out
the country carries great impact.
• Liaison with important church personalities.
• Monitoring and assessment
• Special activities
5. The Students and the School – one of the potent allies of the PNP when
properly exploited through:
• Effective liaison with key school authorities
• Monitoring and assessment
• Involvement and support in different school activities such drug education program, crime
prevention program, immunization and vaccination program, organization of Junior Police,
and medical or dental outreach program in coordination with Commission on Higher
Education (CHED), Department of Education (DEPED, and Department of Health (DOH).
6. The Non-Government Organizations – These are sociocivic
organizations involved in the uplifting the welfare of the public through
varied programs and activities that support the endeavors of the
government. They could also help in the building of the image of the police.
• Identification/assessment of existing NGO.
• Liaison with the NGO.
What are the Public Information and Propaganda Operations?
v On Internal Security - There shall be intensified
information on evils of the ideology and actual terrorist
operations through regular issuance of press releases.
v On Crime Prevention and law Enforcement - There
shall be sustained information drive on how the public
can reach public assistance and the utilization of the tri
media on modus operandi safety and the like.
v On Public Safety – these are:
• Intensified information drive on pre disaster preparedness;
• Support information drive on how to get government assistance when
affected by calamity or disaster; and
• Intensified information campaign to generate awareness and sympathy
for the victims of calamities and disasters with the aim of gaining relief
and other support to them.
Conducting Internal Reforms Thru:
• Continuous Values Orientation and Skill Development of Personnel:
Intensification of police education and values orientation; and
Internalization of the Code of Ethics and Professional Standard of the
police, moral and spiritual values and basic courtesies relative to Law
Enforcement.
• Unrelenting clean up of the organization of misfits, criminal elements,
and leaders with low potential. These can be done by the continuous
investigation, suspension or dismissed of misguided and erring police
level at all level.
• Unrelenting effort to brighten up the physical appearance of the police
facilities and vehicle. Sprucing (make neat and tidy) up of all police
station or offices to create a public friendly atmosphere therein and the
exercise of proper care.
Feedback and Evaluation System – One method of determining
whether individual police officers are performing their tasks well is through
feedback and evaluation which considers the following:
• Unit Visitation involves the conduct of scheduled and run scheduled
visits to check performance, appearance, and behavior of police
personnel and the state of police facilities and vehicles.
• Surveys – involves the conduct of random surveys by the PR (public
relation) or private agencies to determine the public perception of a
particular police unit or office.
• Records – involves the submission and analysis of periodic reports and
special reports by police units as required.
• Interviews – involves the conduct of casual and or structured
interviews of selected individuals who can provide insight on the current
state of police community relation.
• Media Analysis involves the monitoring of reports, stories
commentaries printed or aired by mass media practitioners to determine
perception of individuals who are considered as effective molders of
public opinion.
What are the Effects or Impacts of Poor PCR to the Public?
Poor PCR programs cause the public:
• not to report the occurrence of crime;
• not to come forward and provide information;
• not to assist in apprehension of criminals;
• not to be supportive of police activities;
• not to testify in court voluntarily; and
• to even aid the criminals.
Poor Police Community Relation makes the police to:
• become less judicious and less discreet;
• be reluctant to act on some matters needing police action;
• induce unnecessary use of force;
• induce verbal abuse;
• induce improper practices;
• feel isolated and unhappy in his community; and
• diminish his sense of fulfillment
Why Public Support is needed?
• Public support is needed to make it easier for the police to accomplish
their task successfully.
PUBLIC RELATION
This is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is
doing, why is it doing, and how it contributes to the welfare of the community.
What are the Types of Public Relation?
• Public Awareness Programs familiarizing the public with the true nature of
police operations. This includes:
– Mobile Vans Variety of displays and exhibits of police equipment, which
help to explain to the public, what the police do and how they do it.
– Displays and Exhibits Set up in department stores, shopping centers, and
other public locations are popular ways in which the police can bring their
messages to the public.
– Informative Materials Distribution of pamphlets or brochures designed to
explain their services to the public.
– Open House Public tours of facility conducted during certain times of the
year such as police week, or law observance week.
– Public Speakers Providing speakers for various types of public gatherings
such as civic clubs, businessmen, associations and social groups.
– Ride Along Permits number of the community, to ride in a police car with
an officer and observed field operations.
PUBLIC RELATION
This is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is
doing, why is it doing, and how it contributes to the welfare of the community.
What are the Types of Public Relation?
• Informational Programs providing the public with information which is directly
related to the interest and needs of the community. This includes:
– New Arrivals Making some members of the community feel at home in their new
surroundings.
– Traffic Advisory Reports Coordinate with the media in announcing important
traffic matters such as road accidents, highway construction and traffic congestion.
– Informational Bureaus Information about such things as renewal of drivers
license, payments of utility bills, availability of legal services and other items.
– Informational Brochures Provide the public with booklets, pamphlets, and other
types of publications, which contain information of community interest.
• Image Building Programs promoting programs which are designated to create a
more favorable public image of the police. This can be achieved through:
1. Citizens awards
2. Police Color Guard
3. Police Citizens Luncheons
4. Operational Handshake
5. Recruit Visitation Programs
6. Community Events
7. Gifts Packages
What are the duties of the Public Relations Officer?
• To evaluate public opinion and attitudes with respect to the policies,
methods, and personnel of the police station.
• To advice the police station commander with regard to the public
relations aspects of new or revised department programs, policies,
procedures and activities.
• To plan and to carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed
on police activities
• To provide staff supervision of all police activities that may influence
public support.
Foundation of Public Relations - They are basically founded on the
GOLDEN RULE: “Do not do onto others what you do not want others
unto you.” In addition, public relations are founded on the following:
• Give before you seek to get
• Give what is due to others.
• See the other person’s side
• Respect, so you would be respected.
INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
As individuals, police officers shall also develop personal relationship with
the public which is divided into the following categories:
1. Domestic Relations - This consist of a person’s dealing with his
family, parents and immediate relatives, with whom he has to have
good relationship in order to develop a respectable family prestige as
well as cordial community relations.
2. Neighborhood Relations - This consist of a person’s dealing with
neighbor who constitute a vital link to good reputation in the community
3. Community Relations - This is made up of a person’s dealing with
the citizens of the community, city or town where a person likes. These
also include his membership or contributions to civil undertakings and
his membership or contribution to the civic organization or community
associations in the locality.
4. Church Relation - This consists of a person’s dealing with religious
affiliation that is necessary for the stability of moral principles.
5. Government Relations - This is made up of the dealings, which a
person has with the government and its various instrumentalities. The
recognition of government authorities, its laws and ordinance, as well as
other public responsibilities, are significant phases of an individuals
public relations.
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATION
In the practice of his profession, a police officer shall observe a
professional conduct which is divided into the following categories:
• Inter-Departmental Relation - This is made up of the peace officers
relations with the officers and men of his own department, his supervisor, the
station commander, as well as the city/municipal mayor where he is assigned.
• Citizen’s Relation - This includes all dealings or contact with the citizens in
relations to the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of peace and
order, together with the giving of information to the public on criminal and non
criminal activities.
• Complainant Relations - This includes how officer deals with complainants,
the techniques of interview he uses, the manner of approach he adopts, and the
treatment of witnesses and informers.
• Relations with Accused Persons - This covers the proper treatment of
suspects, the recognition of their constitutional rights during custodial
investigation and the handling of accused persons during confinement.
• Relations with Prosecutor - This includes a police officer’s duty to cooperate
during preliminary investigations and the gathering of further pieces of evidence
once the fiscal files the case.
• Judicial Relations - This consists of the peace officer’s duties toward the
courts when appearing as a witness and the honesty of his testimony.
The Peace Officer’s Professional Public Relation
The peace officer’s professional public relations are divided into
eight categories, namely:
• 1. Intra- Departmental Relations
This is made up of the peace officer’s relations with the officers
and men of his own department, his superiors, the station commander,
as well as the city/municipal mayor where he is assigned.
• 2. Inter- Departmental Relations
Relations with other police agencies are evident in his cooperation
and dealings with the Philippine National Police and other law
enforcement agencies of the government.
• 3. Citizens’ Relations
This includes all dealings or contacts with the citizens in relation to
the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of peace and order,
together with the giving of information to the public on criminal and non
criminal activities.
• 4. Complaint Relations
This includes how an officer deals with complaints, the techniques
of interview he uses, the manner of approach he adopts, the treatment
of witnesses as well as informers.
The Peace Officer’s Professional Public Relation
The peace officer’s professional public relations are divided into
eight categories, namely:
• 5. Relations with Accused Persons
This covers the proper treatment of suspects, the recognition of
their constitutional rights during custodial investigation and the handling
of the accused persons during confinement.
• 6. Relations with State Prosecutors or Fiscals
This includes a police officer’s duty to cooperate during preliminary
investigations and the gathering of further evidence once the case is
filed by the fiscal.
• 7. Judicial Relations
This consists of the peace officer’s duties toward the courts when
appearing as a witness and the honesty of his testimony.
• 8. Institutional Public Relation
Dealings with the institution or organization.
DEALING WITH COMPLAINANTS – Police officers when dealing with
complainants shall observe the following:
• Receiving Complaints - When a citizen calls at the police station or
approaches a policeman on the streets to make a complaint, he should be
accorded a suitable reception. The police office must adopt an attractive
manner; his attitude alert, his face and voice pleasant, and he must appear
interested in the subject at hand. Timid citizens often dread police officers;
they should make great effort to place these timid citizens at ease.
• Complaint Desk Officer - The complaint desk officer should be alert at his
desk and avoid ignoring a timid citizen. As soon as he sees a person
approaching, unless he is busy with another citizen, he should immediately
offer his service by posing a simple question such as “May I do something for
you, Sir?” to demonstrate his sincerity. If possible, there should also be a
woman employee at the desk to handle complaints from women who may be
timid about approaching a male officer. This employee need not be a
policeman; a clerical employee may be stationed at the complaint desk for
this purpose.
• Attention to the Complaint - A person who approaches a policeman for
assistance should be given ample opportunity to tell his story. The officer
can sometimes assist with intelligent questions, evidence of sympathy, and
assurance of aid. But he should not needlessly interrupt the explanation of
the complainant.
DEALING WITH COMPLAINANTS – Police officers when dealing with
complainants shall observe the following:
• Receiving Complaints and Criticisms against the Police -
Complaints should be referred to the proper authorities for audience or
if permitted, the officer may refer the complaint immediately to his
superior officer. Sincere citizens sometimes make an earnest effort to
offer information and suggestions of value to the police. These should
be accepted in the spirit in which they are offered, with graciousness
and appreciation even though the subject matter may be infuriating.
• Legitimate Complaints against the Police - The police station
itself influences the attitudes of both the police and the public. The
public does not react favorably to an ill smelling dark, poorly kept, and
(human) unclean police station; neither to the police officers
themselves. While the police may have little choice in the location and
arrangement of their headquarters they do have the opportunity and
the responsibility to maintain them in a clean and presentable
condition. Paint of a light color can usually be obtained and trusty
labor is usually available for painting, cleaning, and janitor services.
GENERAL RULES ON OFFICIAL CONDUCT – All police officers shall
adhere to the following in the performance of their duties:
• Policeman shall be habitually courteous. They shall recognize their
responsibilities as public servants and shall be particularly attentive to
citizens who seek assistance or information or who desire to register
complaints or give evidence.
• They shall accept their responsibility to the public by being punctual in
their engagements and expeditions in the performance of their duties.
• They shall regard their office as a public trust, and in the discharge of
their duties, be constantly mindful of their primary obligation to serve
the public efficiently and effectively.
• They shall administer the law in a just, impartial and reasonable
manner; and not accord to some, more reasonable manner; and shall
not accord to some, more treatment than to others. They shall
recognize the limitations of their authority and at no time use the power
of their office for their own personal advantage.
• They shall be true to their obligation as custodian of public property and
shall bear in mind that the misuse and waste of money from the public
treasury is bad.
GENERAL RULES ON OFFICIAL CONDUCT – All police officers shall
adhere to the following in the performance of their duties:
• They shall not limit their effectiveness in the administration of their office by
accepting tokens of gratitude, or by giving preferential treatment to certain
corporations with whom they may have official dealings.
• They shall cooperate fully with all other public officials to the end that the
safety and general welfare of the public will be assured. They shall not
permit jealousies or personal differences to influence their cooperation with
other agencies.
• They shall add to their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention
to improvement. They shall welcome the opportunity to disseminate
practical and useful information relating to matters of the public’s safety and
welfare.
• They shall so conduct their public and private life that the public will regard
them as examples of stability, fidelity and morality.
• They shall bear faithful allegiance to their government, and be loyal to their
profession. They shall accept, as a sacred obligation their responsibility as
citizens to support the Constitution of the Philippines; and as public officials,
consider the privilege of defending the principles of Liberty as defined in our
Constitution and law. This is the greatest honor that may be bestowed upon
any man.
COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
In PCR, the police is not actually dealing with a single community but
rather to various communities with distinct characteristics. These communities could
be categorized into External and Internal Communities.
The External Communities
1. Justice Community - Other police agencies, courts, and correctional
departments existing at many levels of government are a part of the justice
community with which police must interact. The nature of the relationship
between police and members of the justice community has a direct impact on
police effectiveness in achieving their goals.
2. The Human Services Community - The human services umbrella includes
many public and private and social service resources, mental and health general
services, media civic and religious groups and educational services.
3. Citizens and the Police - Peel’s principles state “the police must secure the
willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to
secure and maintain public respect”. Part of the police community relations is the
understanding of the public the police serve and having the public understands
the police. That is no easy task. The public is many people with many varying
needs and hopes, who live in a changing society and bring to that society
conflicting values and cultural rules. The police agency is relatively closed,
somewhat secretive, and vague as to what the police role and the citizen role
should be.
Internal Communities
1. Personal Support Community - The officer’s support groups,
both in the sense of family system and close personal relationships,
affect the officer’s perspective and effectiveness. The officer has an
impact on the support group as well. This relationship may be one
of the most critical in determining the officer’s ability to cope with
the human experience of being a cop. It may also determine to a
large degree how the individual officer will relate with other
communities
2. Police Community - The police officer as a member of the
police structure must also be considered. It is this community that
can determine whether police – community relations outside the
agency will be supported or undermined both as a matter of policy
and practice. The first positive relationship that must be formed
effective community relations in a larger sense is to be accomplished
within the agency itself.
Police Character
The police program of growth includes the development of the essential
attribution of all its members. Every police thus:
• Shall be loyal to the service, which he belong and is proud of.
• Shall be sympathetic and display the ability to feel the suffering of other people.
• Shall be confident in his ability to know the job and do it well.
• Shall disposed of and act on all cases correctly.
• Shall guard himself against rash judgment from opinion in advance.
• Shall be courteous to the community at any place and on any occasion.
• Shall demonstrate strong faith in what he is doing.
• Shall not sulk in the face of danger but with his mental conviction and physical
strength.
• Shall maintain an attitude of enthusiasm, dedication, zeal and pride in his work.
• Shall be tactful in his dealing with people of the community.
• Shall be firm and unyielding but not officious in dealing with people.
• Shall be serious and purposeful but not officious in dealing with people.
• Shall genuinely be interested to his task.
• Shall avoid unwarranted practice or situation that will endanger him.
• Shall be patient when the situation demands.
Police Moral and Esprit de Corps
• The police build their reputation upon favorable community relationship and
express by community confidence and the continued constructive
accomplishment is only possible when the internal strength of the organization is
assure.
• When the members of the police organization show pride of belongingness to
their organization (or esprit de corps) consequently, their morale is high. It
follows also that they manifest genuine loyalty and noble faith in the policies and
objective of their organization.
Exemplary Conduct
• Exemplary conduct or conduct worthy of emulation is another way of
maintaining public trust especially so that the community demands more than
the ordinary acts. A police as a public officer loses his private life because
whether he is on or off duty, he will be under unrelenting scrutiny and critical
analysis by the community.
• The police by reason of their specific responsibilities are bound to more exacting
code that any other public servant. Delinquents in conduct that pass
unchallenged when committed by other public officials are acts that are
accepted as common place in judging the conduct of the citizens but are
adjudged as reprehensible when committed by policeman.
Police Officer’s Compassion and Understanding
• In the performance of his duty, a police officer looks no
requirements. He should fairly serve regardless of the personality of the
person whom he deals with. Further, even the seriousness of the
problem should not be a factor whether to serve or not to serve.
Sometimes, a person with personal problems approaches police officers.
And in dealing with personal problems, it is imperative that matters of
such of vital personal importance be approached with understanding,
compassion and magnanimity
Police Influence over the Community
• The community looks upon policeman as representative of the
authority of law. It is obvious therefore, that influence of the policeman
over the community is increased by reason of the authority they
personify. People under stress or influence of excitement are more
susceptible to the influence of external stimuli than they would be under
normal circumstances. They are likely to be more readily influenced by
the action of those with whom they come into contact. Policeman must
be careful that the influence of their authority does not become
oppressive in their relationship with the community particularly in
situations of stress and excitement.
Police Practice of Courtesy
• Practicing courtesy involves much more than friendliness. To appreciate sincerity and
habitually performed acts of courtesy requires cultivation of appearance, voice, manner,
intelligence humor, temperament and unselfishness that are easily appreciated by the
people. All of these factors comingle in the production of a gentleman in principle and in
conduct. Compassionate but firm and earnestly interested without being over solicitous.
Irregardless of the nature of the task, a policeman must continually practice courtesy; they
cannot be made as an exception. Disagreeable duties must be performed willingly and
unpleasant orders obeyed cheerfully. Flares of temper, sarcastic criticism and moodiness
have no place in the conduct of a good policeman.
Proper Treatment of Law Violator
• Numerous contacts with antisocial persons are likely to cause the policeman to assume an
attitude of veneer hardness. They often entertain erroneous belief that courteous
treatment of law violators is an indication of weakness. They will say that criminals are not
entitled to the treatment accorded to a gentleman. A good manner in the treatment of
any law violator is not indication of weakness.
• Policeman may be firm and exacting in the enforcement of the law, there may be strict
and relentless in their relationship with the offender that come under their control, yet
remain propitious and gentlemanly in their bearing. The fact that a criminal, by reason of
depravity or because of his antisocial acts has not earned the respect of his fellow men
has no bearing upon the conduct of the policeman with whom he is brought into contact.
When a policeman resorts to ungentlemanly treatment of criminals, they do not alter the
status of the criminals in any ways; they only lower their own social status to the same
level of the criminals.
Police Leadership
• True leadership is personal and it is a psychological balance showing a well
integrated personality. There are no characteristics that combine in the personality
of a true leader, because individuals differ in their viewpoints and reaction. However,
the qualities that seem most common on persons who command public respect and
confidence are those that rate highly in influencing positive character of his men. It
goes with these qualities the maxim, “true leadership is influencing others to perform
well.”
Police Practice of Self Confidence
• Selfconfidence is faith to oneself, and it is predicated upon knowledge, still in
applying knowledge, and in the ability and willingness to pass one’s knowledge for
the benefits of the others. Selfconfidence is in fact a state of mental satisfaction that
arises from being able to put the possession of knowledge to constructive use.
Police Practice of Self Sacrifice
• Selfsacrifice is a fundamental trait to true leadership. It is inescapable fact that to
contemplate a situation without bias requires first a complete subordination of self.
Effective police work requires the utmost self sacrifice; policemen who are selfishly
impressed with their authority cannot succeed as leader.
Paternalism
• Paternalism as a quality is found in policeman who is mindful of the welfare of other.
It is basic to police leadership because community welfare is the primordial
responsibility of the police. Harmonious relationship between the police and the
community depends, to a great degree, upon paternalistic influence that enters in
the shaping of community policies.
Fairness and Honesty
• Fairness and honesty are qualities that have universal appeals.
Preponderance of community criticism against police authority is
occasioned by reason or partiality and unfairness in exercising police
function. Impartial application of laws and regulations, fairness and
honesty in exercising the police authority are powerful force in insuring
community respect for Police service.
Decisiveness
• Initiative and decisiveness are characteristics traits of man who acts
correctly and at the proper time. The ability to act decisively and
correctly is a manifestation or thorough preparation and interest in the
appreciation of the task at hand. The policeman’s knowledge, mental
alertness and judgment all enter in the development of this very
desirable trait.
Personal Dignity
• Personal dignity is indicative of a policeman’s appreciation of the honor
of his position. It is an excellent manifestation of his “esprit de corps”
and is a powerful factor in creating community respect. Policeman who
are paternalistic in their concern for community welfare, sympathetic in
caring for citizens in distress, are calm and dignified in their community
relationship citizens they serve.
Physical and Moral Courage
• The community assumes that policemen are physically courage, yet true courage is not
thoroughly understood by most citizens. It is a common misapprehension to consider
reckless disregard of danger as a manifestation or courage and bravery. True courage is
that state of devotion to duty that will give policemen the moral stamina impelling them to
the performances of duly even in the face of full knowledge of the dangers involved.
• More than physical courage, the community demands moral courage, the kind of courage
that enable policemen to take it on the check to assume the responsibility of their office
without quibbling, bravery stand up for their conviction without attempting to shift or
evade the personal criticism. Moral courage is synonymous with integrity.
Moral Ascendancy
• Moral ascendancy is the influence that oneperson exercise over a group of persons by
reason of exemplary nature of his character. It arises out of withstanding the hardship and
difficulty of the work, sincerity of purpose that manifest in willingness to personally adhere
without equivocation, and to the same standards of conduct that he is duty bound to
enforce upon other. Policemen are particularly vulnerable to community criticism, for
lack of this quality, they must be able to control their emotion, temper, their likes and
dislikes, physically able to withstand hardship without complaint, and able to effectively
conceal their worries.
• Moral ascendancy is not important in evaluating the effectiveness of commanding officer in
the police service. The moral force or lack of it in commanding officer is reflected in the
very character of policemen under their control, and obviously become an important
influence in the community appraisal of police service.
Dependability and Punctuality
• The public has the right to demand the same guarantees in the manner of its
safety as all exacts for the protection of public health. The public is concerned
with emergency situations that require immediate attention and effective
treatment. Police service if it is to be of any value must be dependable. The
policeman should be able to serve at the right place at the right time. All the
skills and abilities that policemen possess are of little value unless he can defend
upon to apply his skill at the proper time. Punctuality is not only important in
relationship with the public but it is also essential in routine activities as well.
The rendition of report, appearance in court and cooperation with colleagues
and other law enforcement agencies are responsibilities that can be relied upon
if properly implemented.
• Policeman shall accept their responsibilities to the public by being punctual in
their engagements and expeditions in the performance of their duties. Thus he
must:
1. Promptly carry out every duty to which he is assigned.
2. Be punctual, attentive, accurate and unselfish
3. Accept the fact that punctuality involves more than reporting to work at
time; it involves every detail of the policeman’s daily activities.
Attitude in Trial Court
• Aside from proper attire, police officers when attending
court sessions in whatever capacity should also observe the
following behavior while in the witness stand:
• He must say nothing but the truth.
• He must be calm.
• He must be prepared.
• He must be courteous.
• He must be natural and straightforward.
• He must maintain his temper.
• He must be attentive to the questions to be hurled or asked.
• He must speak loudly enough to be heard.
• He must be conscious of his personal appearances.
Appearing as a Witness
• Witness in Criminal Case – A policeman shall, when
subpoenaed as a witness in a criminal case, promptly notify
their immediate chiefs. No members of the PNP shall be a
witness in such capacity without the service of a proper
subpoena.
• Witness in Civil Case No member of the PNP shall
testify in civil cases unless summoned to do so by proper
authority.
• Action After Court Attendance A member of the PNP
attending any court session under subpoena/summon or
other processes as a witness, shall after having been
released there from for the day, immediately report to their
superior officer.
POLICE APPEARANCE AND THE COMMUNITY
Police Personal Appearance
A police officer’s personal appearance speaks well of his department. To
ensure positive opinion to his department or organization, he should observe the
following:
• He shall be properly attired and equipped whenever he appears before the
public.
• He carries with him only the prescribed regulation weapons and other related
items.
• He shall dress moderately and of good taste if and when they must wear civilian
clothes.
• He must maintain good posture and grooming.
• He must see to it that his uniform is clean and properly maintained.
Police Satisfactory Uniform
• A satisfactory uniform, comfortable for the officer and pleasant to the eye
is important. Attractive snappy uniforms influence the moral of the policeman
as well as the “Esprit de Corps” of the entire police force. A policeman should be
kept in a condition of good health and cleanliness and not to be permitted to
become wrinkled or stained. He should have at least two uniforms to facilitate
and maintain cleanliness.
Police Personal Cleanliness
Personal cleanliness is very important in dealing with the community. Hence, a
policeman should:
• Be required to shave daily and to have their hair cut regularly.
• Have frequent bath.
• Have clean fingernails and other parts of the body.
Periodic Inspection
• These factors of personal appearance and their effect on the community justify among
others, the periodic inspections of the force. Attention should be given in such inspections
not only to hearing, address and equipment, but also on the aspect of personal cleanliness
just mentioned.
Policemen Mental Attitude
The attitude of police officer is quite important as his physical condition and
appearance because it determines his conduct and reaction to the community. His attitude
is reflected in his facial expression, voice, word used and actions. Therefore:
• He must be friendly and show willingness to serve.
• He must not forget that he is a Public servant, appointed for the role purpose of serving
the community.
• He must not give an impression of haughtiness, aloofness, officiousness or condescension.
• He must refrain from sarcasm and flippancy.
• He must develop pride in his organization
• He must be proud that he is an officer and conduct himself with the dignity of that officer.
Policemen Habits and Conversation
• Police officer must avoid subjects of smutty or questionable nature.
• Police officer must establish habits of conversation, which are pleasing to the listener
and avoid giving offence by the subject matter or the method of presentation.
• He must watch his diction and his English; he should test the falls of sloppy habits of
speech. The attitude of Police officer is quite important as his physical.
• Should keep his hands out of his pockets, whether engaged in conversation or
otherwise.
• Although these items may seem of little consequence, and perhaps in more
fundamental analysis may be relatively unimportant but most policemen are judged
by their language and conversation.
Policemen Personal Habits
• The personal habits of the individual police officer strongly influence the attitude
of the community towards the police. Thus:
• He should avoid restless habits such as tapping his finger or feet, whittling or
other evidence of nervousness.
• He should not permit himself to develop such unpleasant personal habits such
as, hawking and spitting, smoking while on duty in public place.
• He should not smoke when speaking to a citizen. Smoking habits that are
offensive to the public should not be permitted whether on the street or
headquarters.
Policemen should avoid Evil Doings
• The policemen must not only avoid evil, he must also avoid the appearance of
evil. Thus:
•
•
He should be careful to avoid questionable associates and to spend spare time
and obtained his recreation in the company of those whose character and
reputation are irreproachable.
• He must avoid controversial questions, those dealing with religion, politics and
the laws.
• He must avoid domestic difficulties more assiduously than the average citizen.
• He must abstain from drinking intoxication beverage to excess.
• He shall not engage in any form of gambling except those allowed by law:
• He should avoid entering any house reported as being of illrepute and other
vice dens.
• He shall not buy nor use or process smuggled products.
• He shall avoid accepting any fees, rewards or gifts of any type, for any service
rendered in the performance of his duty other than his authorized salary or shall
use his position for material consideration.
• He should avoid “bad habits” celebrating Christmas, New Year and other
occasion by firing their guns.
POLICE HEADQUARTERS AND THE COMMUNITY
It was mentioned that the appearances of a police station/headquarters
influence the attitude of both the police and the community. This can be
further attained by the observance of the following guidelines.
Appearance of Police Station
• The station/headquarter must have a business like appearance, unsightly trash
eliminated; thus, the police station/ headquarter must have the following
appearance:
• Must have presentable view inside or outside.
• Must possess a well keep office that is worthy of the discipline of its force, honor
ideal of Law enforcers.
• Must be strict in antilittering /smoking campaign in the building or grounds and
police equipment shall be maintained properly.
• Trashcan shall be available and comfort room shall be clean and free from foul
odors.
• Must be identifiable and the desk shall bear the name of the policemen for
public convenience and information.
Policemen at Station/Headquarters
The police station/headquarter should not only maintain a high standard of
efficiency, but it should give an appearance of efficiency. This is created by a
business like attitude and conduct on the part of the policemen. Thus, the
policemen must avoid the following attitude:
• Policeman should not roughhouse among themselves in public view.
• They should restrict their activities to the assembly room or those sections of
the station reserved for their rest of reaction. Otherwise the public may conclude
that they are lofting while on duty.
• He shall not in the station/office or elsewhere while on duty, drink any
intoxicating liquor or take prohibited drugs or report to duty under the Influence
of liquor or prohibited drugs; or habitual drunkard to the prejudice of his duty.
• Police should not indulge in loud, boisterous talk that can be heard by the
public.
• They should avoid an appearance of idleness and create an impression of
business like efficiency.
Police Telephone and the Citizen
• Telephone to the police station/office is very important since a person’s
life, property and liberty may be at state because the telephone operator is the
first contact with the police department, it is important that the conversation is
pleasant and satisfactory as possible.
Police Telephone Greeting
• It is important too, that the police operator gives attention to his
manner of speaking over the telephone. His greeting should be crisp
and business like, to manifest alertness and willingness to serve, rather
than show indifference. Some police departments require the policemen
to follow this greeting “hello police department” with statement of his
name. But most persons who call the assistance of the police are of
interested in their personalities but only in prompt service. As a general
rule they are in hurry, they want service at one, with the least possible
delay. Hence, it is not advisable to inject the name of the police, since
the simple greeting “hello police headquarters/station” and then give all
needed information would be enough.
Immediate and Courteous Reply
• Incoming telephone calls to a police headquarters/station deserve
immediate and courteous reply. Promptness is important in the police
service. Persons who call for the assistance of the police usually do it to
register a complaint. They are emotionally upset and easily annoyed. If
under this condition, the wait for a protracted time happens before
receiving a response to their call, they become justifiably disgruntled.
Clear Enunciation/Diction
• A policeman should meet the following criteria for efficient telephone
conversation:
• Policeman should speak with deliberate care and clearances into the
transmitted.
• Policeman should have a good diction and expression of courtesy.
Attitude in Receiving Calls
• The complainants shall be given a feeling of importance regardless of
the triviality of the complaint. Acts of kindness like giving the complaint
a seat would be long remembered and appreciated though it may seem
unimportant.
• The police interview should be quick to detect where the real problem
lies and allow the complainant enough time to narrate his grievances.
• Good police poise with pleasant voice should be adopted in order to gain
confidence.
• After complying with and directing all necessary actions on the
complaint, the policeman shall thank the citizen in a spirit of
appreciation for his cooperation in bringing the matter to their attention.
Police Ethics and Human Relations Quick Notes
• 1. Police Ethics
Is a practical science that treats of the principles of human morality
and duty as applied to law enforcement.
• 2. Public Relation
Is the art of bringing about better understanding, confidence, and
acceptance for an individual or an organization
• 3. Police Public Relation
Is the continuing process by which endeavors are made to obtain
goodwill and cooperation of the public for the effective enforcement of
law and the accomplishment of the police purpose.
• 4. Human Relation
Consists of those fundamental precepts both moral and legal which
govern the relationship of man in all aspect of life.
• 5. Police Community Relation
Is the sum total of dealings of the police with the people it serves
and whose goodwill and cooperation craves for the greatest possible
efficiency in public service.
Police Ethics and Human Relations Quick Notes
• 6. Public Information Program
It is designed to bridge any communication gap between the police and
the public. It is the basic ingredient in effective police community relations.
• 7. Civic Action Program
A program which makes the policeman a friend and a partner for progress
as well as their defender.
• 8. Masscom Program
It is designed to influence the opinion, emotion, attitude and behavior of
the public so that they will behave in a manner beneficial to police service.
• 9. Propaganda
It is the plan used for the public or the mass communication for the public
purpose.
• 10. Integrated Police Advisory Council
A council that involves local official and citizenry in the preservation of
peace and order and the promotion of the public safety.
• 11. Gift
Refers to a thing or right dispose of gratuities or any act of liberality
(generosity) in favor of another that accepts it.
Police Ethics and Human Relations Quick Notes
• 12. Receiving any Gift
Includes the act of accepting, directly or indirectly, a gift from a
person or other than a member of the family or relatives.
• 13. Employee
Is any person who performs services for an employer.
• 14. Public Officer
Any person who, by direct provision of law, popular election or
appointment by competent authority takes part in the performance of
public functions in the Government of the Philippines.
• 15. Attitude
Is the state of mind that influence conduct for good or bad.
• 16. Ethics
A set of moral values the principle of conduct governing an
individual or a group.
• 17. Morale
Related to the conduct or character from the point of view of right
and wrong.
Police Professional Conduct
• 1. Commitment of the Public Interest
PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above
personal interest.
• 2. Non-Partisanship
PNP members shall provide services to everyone without
discrimination regardless of party affiliation in accordance with the
existing laws and regulations.
• 3. Physical Fitness and Health
All PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and
in good health at all times.
• 4. Secrecy Discipline
All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified against
unauthorized disclosure.
• 5. Social Awareness
All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be
encourage to actively get actively involve in the religious, social and civic
activities to enhance the image of the organization but without affecting
their official duties.
Police Professional Conduct
• 6. Devotion to Duty
All members of the PNP shall perform the duties with dedication,
thoroughness, efficiency enthusiasm and determination.
• 7. Conservation of Natural Resources
All members of the PNP shall help in the development and conservation of
our natural resources.
• 8. Discipline
PNP shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping the rules and
regulations of the organization.
• 9. Loyalty
Above all, PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police
service as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers, and subordinates
as well.
• 10. Obedience to Superiors
All PNP members shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to their
superior officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of
command.
• 11. Command Responsibility
In accordance with the Doctrine of Command Responsibility, immediate
commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision and control of
their personnel.
Standards of Police Professionalism
Article II of the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards provides the following ethical acts to be
observe by all PNP members.
• 1. Judicious Use of Authority
PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate
authority in the performance of their duties.
• 2. Integrity
PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims
of corruption and dishonest practices.
• 3. Justice
PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the
nights to respect the nights of others so that they can they
can fulfill their duties and exercise their rights as human
beings.
Standards of Police Professionalism
Article II of the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards provides the following ethical acts to be
observe by all PNP members.
• 4. Humility
All PNP members shall recognize the facts that they are public
servants and not the masters of the people and toward this end, they
should perform their duties without arrogance.
• 5. Orderliness
All PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing
task assigned to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and
effort.
• 6. Perseverance
Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate
action to achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external
difficulties and despite anything which might weaken their resolve in the
course of time.
The Paradox of thee Law Enforcement Officer
• 1. A friend in Need
A police officer is a friend in need. His telephone numbers have a
special place in the directory, and many of us post it at some convenient
spot, for instant use. He is the one to whom we instinctively turn when
all fails. We expect him to know what to do, and he often does. He
guides the tourists, find the missing child, locate the doctor and races
the expectant mother to the hospital. He is our most versatile public
servant.
• 2. A Man Who Risk Life and Limb
A police officer is a man. If he were not a man, he would lack the
courage to risk his life and limb in pursuit of the speeding demon that
makes a death trap of the public highway. If he were not a man, he
could not face the gunfire, which every police officer knows from
common experience that he may possibly encounter on any patrol or in
any criminal case. If he were not a man, he would not be eternally on
duty in the streets, in wind and rain and in the dead of the night when
men of lesser resolution seek shoulder from the elements. In short, if he
is not a man, he is not long a police officer.
The Paradox of thee Law Enforcement Officer
• 3. Police Officer Must Know Constitutional Law
A police officer is now a constitutional lawyer in some of
the most sensitive areas of the law. Decisions on the
constitution, handed down by the Supreme Court during the
recent years, require that the police officer should not make
an arrest until he has established that probable cause
exists. They require he does not search and seize except in
a manner, which the courts deem reasonable under the law.
They require that he not interrogate his prisoner for
evidence of guilt until he has complied with the stringent
restriction of the constitution against selfincrimination. His
principal acts in each of these functions arrests, search and
interrogation requires that he pass judgment on questions
of constitutional laws. The identical legal questions which
the most capable lawyer may raise as high as the Supreme
Court for ultimate decision.
The Paradox of thee Law Enforcement Officer
• 4. Police Officer Must Be Honest and Incorruptible
A police officer is a man of whom we demand the ultimate in
human dignity. Like Caesar’s wife, he must not only above sin but
also above the suspicion of sin. In a society in which the
complimentary lunch often leads to a safe, a contract, or a favor
to policeman must buy his own less he be compromise in his
official duty. In the society in which the hoodlums who dominate
organized crime may wear silk suits, drive the finest automobiles,
occupy mansions, and become millionaires, the policeman must
cling to his ideals, make out a living in a modest wage, and tell
the children on his beat that “crime does not pay”. In a society in
which public and private morals frequently are often to questions,
a report that a policeman is “on the take” is always first rate
scandal in a society in which the policeman often is the target of
unprintable obscenity, It is expected to address the rest of us
with the utmost gentility. We demand that he be single standard
gentleman in what sometimes appears to be a double standard
society.
The End
@@@@ KILROY @@@@
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