Toyota Century

The Toyota Century (Japanese: トヨタ・センチュリ

ー , Hepburn: Toyota Senchurī) is a limousine produced Toyota Century
mainly for the Japanese market, serving as Toyota's
flagship car within Japan; globally the unrelated Lexus LS
series is Toyota's flagship luxury model. Production of the
Century began in 1967, and the model received only
minor changes until redesigns in 1997 and 2018.

The Century derived its name from the 100th birthday of A left-hand drive Toyota Century (GZG50L)
Sakichi Toyoda (born 14 February 1867), the founder of
used by the Japanese Ambassador to
Toyota Industries. It is often used by the Imperial House of
France, with French diplomatic license
Japan, the Prime Minister of Japan, senior Japanese
government leaders, and high-level executive plates
businessmen. The Century is comparable in purpose to the Overview
Austin Princess/Daimler DS420, Cadillac Series 70, Manufacturer Toyota
Mercedes-Benz 600 series, Chinese Red Flag, Rolls-
Royce, and Russian ZIS/ZIL limousines. Production November 1967 – January
2017
The first-generation Century was available with only a V8
June 2018 – present
engine (the third post-war Japanese-built sedan so-
equipped) at its introduction in 1967 until a full platform Body and chassis
redesign in 1997. The second generation was only Class Full-size luxury car (F)
installed with a Toyota-designed and -built V12, an engine
Ultra-luxury car
bespoke to the Century, until 2018, when the power-train
reverted to a V8 with the addition of Toyota's hybrid Body style 4-door limousine
technology. Layout Front-engine, rear-wheel-
While the Century is a premium, full-size luxury sedan, it drive
is not available at Japanese Lexus dealerships; it can only Chronology
be purchased at specifically identified Toyota Store Predecessor Toyota Crown Eight (G10)
locations. The gold phoenix logo used throughout is called
the Hō'ō (鳳凰 ) or Fushichō (不死鳥 ) from Sinospheric mythology, representing the Imperial House of
Japan, and the image can be found throughout Asia, such as the Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto.[1]

The exterior styling of the Century has, with some modifications, remained unchanged since its
introduction, primarily due to its perception as denoting conservative success. Its appearance is iconic in
Asian countries and is usually painted black. The closest Japanese competitor was the Nissan President,
with a similar status reputation although, during the 1960s and '70s, the high market positioning was also
shared with the Mitsubishi Debonair.[2] In the 1970s, two other Japanese competitors introduced large
sedans — the Isuzu Statesman de Ville and the Mazda Roadpacer (both derived from General Motors-
Australia products) — which were short-lived.

Contents
First generation (G20/G30/G40; 1967)
 Chassis codes
Second generation (G50; 1997)
Century Royal (G51; 2006)
Chassis codes
Third generation (G60; 2018)
Century GRMN
Royal Parade Car
Chassis codes
Production transfer
See also
References
External links

First generation (G20/G30/G40; 1967)

The original Century was based on the 1964 Crown Eight, First generation
which featured the 2.6  L V8 Toyota V engine, and
(G20/G30/G40)[3]
appeared almost two years after the October 1965
introduction of the 4-liter Nissan President. The design
remained largely untouched during its 30-year production
run, apart from minor cosmetic changes and engine
upgrades. This appearance has also inspired the designs of
subsequent versions, as it remains desired by its clientele.

The 1967 Century was equipped with an upgraded

version of the Crown Eight engine, the 3.0  L 3V. 1973
Overview
saw the introduction of the 3.4 L 4V, replaced by the 4V-U
two years later, benefitting from the installation of Production November 1967 – March
emission control technology Toyota called "TTC". Only 1997
column shifters were available at first, with a manual being Assembly Japan: Susono, Shizuoka
the base option. The manually shifted versions (Type A (Kanto Auto Works)[4]
and Type B) were discontinued in 1973 and August 1974
respectively. The 3.4-liter V8 received fuel injection in Designer Kenya Nakamura
November 1978 (4V-EU), enabling the car to meet the Powertrain
1978 Emissions Standards.[5] This also meant that the Engine Petrol:
chassis code was changed, to VG35.[6] The engine was
once again changed to the 4.0  L 5V-EU in November 2981 cc 3V V8 (VG20;
1982 (VG40), along with an all-new exterior appearance. 1967–1973)
Note that the 3V, 4V, and 5V do not refer to the number of 3376 cc 4V V8
valves in the engine but simply denote model names in the (VG21/30/35; 1973–1982)
Toyota V engine range.[7] On the "C" pillar there is a
3994 cc 5V V8 (VG40/45;
badge in blue with a gothic-style "C" for Century with a
label "V8" below. 1982–1997)
Power output 150–190 PS (110–140 kW)
In 1971, automatic climate control became available, an
innovation.[8] Along with the change of engine in April Transmission 3/4-speed manual (1967-
1973 (VG21) a host of other changes took place. The 1974)
electromagnetic locks were changed, the tail lights were 3/4-speed automatic
changed (now with amber turn signal lenses) as well as the Dimensions
inclusion of front disc brakes. In September 1987, the
Century received another light makeover, changing from a Wheelbase 2,860 mm (112.6 in)
hydraulically operated three-speed to an electronically (standard)
operated four-speed automatic transmission. A floor- 3,010 mm (118.5 in) (L-
mounted shifter became available on a model called the D- type)
type, which also had front bucket seats rather than a full-
width bench. The grille received detail changes and the 3,510 mm (138.2 in)
cornering lamps were integrated into the headlight (limousine)
surrounds. Length 5,120 mm (201.6 in)
(standard)
During Japan's Bubble Economy, sales of the Century
doubled (from 1,027 in 1985 to 2,117 in 1989).[9] The 5,270 mm (207.5 in) (L-
Century sedan wasn't enough for those heady days, and in type)
October 1989, the Century Limousine appeared. This was 5,770 mm (227.2 in)
650 mm (26 in) longer for an overall length of 5,770 mm (limousine)
(227.2  in), on a 3,510  mm (138.2  in) wheelbase,
approximately the same dimensions as a Cadillac de Ville Width 1,890 mm (74.4 in)
series, Lincoln Town Car, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, or a Height 1,430–1,460 mm (56.3–
Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit. The Limousine also received a 57.5 in)
standard padded vinyl roof and an opera window in the
centre pillar, where the stretch was placed. It also uses Curb weight 1,760–1,830 kg (3,880–
150 mm wider rear doors, for a more balanced design and 4,030 lb)
ease of entry. An annual production of 60 was planned.[9]
As of September 1990, there was also an L-type stretched version of the Century sedan — length is
5,270 mm (207.5 in) with a wheelbase of 3,010 mm (118.5 in); this model uses the same larger rear doors
as were fitted to the Century Limousine. In December 1992, the Century received its last makeover, with
some very minor changes taking place in late 1994.

A Century with a GT45 gas turbine and electric motor was shown as the Century gas turbine hybrid
concept vehicle at the 1975 Tokyo Motor Show.[10]

Chassis codes
VG20: 3.0 L 3V V8, 1967–1973
VG21: 3.4 L 4V V8, 1973–1975
VG30: 3.4 L 4V-U V8, 1975–January 1977
C-VG30: January 1977–November 1978 (1977 Emissions Standards)
E-VG35: November 1978–1982[6] (1978 Emissions Standards)
VG40: 4.0 L 5V-EU V8, 1982–1997
VG45: 4.0 L 5V-EU V8 (L-type) 1990–1997
First generation (G20, G30, G40)


1982 VG40 Century 1982 VG40 Century rear

Rear passenger area 1990 VG40 Century

(Limousine VG45 series) with
antimacassars

Second generation (G50; 1997)

The Century received a complete redesign in April 1997, Second generation (G50)[11]
although the new model was visually very similar to the
previous generation. This model is powered by a 5.0  L
1GZ-FE V12, rated at 206  kW (276  hp; 280  PS) in
Japanese models and 220  kW (295  hp; 299  PS) at 5200
rpm in export models. Torque was rated at 460  N⋅m
(340  lbf⋅ft) at 4000 rpm for both Japanese and export
versions. It was initially equipped with a 4-speed A342E
automatic, until a 6-speed "intelligent" transmission Overview
arrived in 2005. It also features air suspension. The Production April 1997 – January 2017
Century remains the first and only Japanese front-engine,
rear-wheel-drive production car equipped with a V12, and Assembly Japan: Susono, Shizuoka
it is Toyota's first V12 engine.[13] As this is a top level (Toyota Motor East
luxury flagship, private owners are comfortable with the Japan)[4]
yearly road tax bill. Designer Akira Shimizu

This generation no longer offered the ability to select Powertrain

which level of equipment preferred, designated as the D- Engine Petrol:
Type, E-Type and the extended length L-Type of the
4996 cc 1GZ-FE V12
previous generation, and changed to offering either a
(GZG50)
floor-mounted or column-mounted transmission
selector.[14] From 2003 through 2004, the V12 engine was 4996 cc 1GZ-FNE CNG
briefly offered with the ability to use CNG fuel. On the V12 (GZG50)
"C" pillar there is a badge in blue with a gothic-style "C"
Power output 206 kW (276 hp; 280 PS)
for Century with a label "V12" below.
(Japan)
Although the previous generation was not officially 220 kW (295 hp; 299 PS)
exported despite its common use by Japanese diplomats (export)
overseas, Toyota began limited official exports of the G50
Century to Europe and other Asian markets including Transmission 4-speed A342E automatic
China and the Middle East in November 1998, positioning (1997–2004)
it as an executive car for company and government 6-speed automatic (2005–
officials.[15] About 100 left-hand drive cars were 2016)
produced for export, with some going to the United States
for promotional and testing purposes.[16] Several were in Dimensions
use as corporate cars for Toyota's North American Wheelbase 3,025 mm (119.1 in)[12]
executives.[17] As of 2022, the G50 remains the only
Length 5,270 mm (207 in)[12]
generation of the Century to have officially been exported
and sold outside of Japan.[18] Width 1,890 mm (74 in)[12]
Height 1,475 mm (58.1 in)[12]
The Century was Toyota's most luxurious model at its [12]
inception in 1967, and maintained this status throughout Curb weight 2,050 kg (4,520 lb)
the 20th century. Today, it is positioned above the Lexus
line-up, and remained the most luxurious and prestigious model to wear the Toyota badge. The Century
shared the role of flagship with the Crown Majesta and Celsior with almost identical dimensions to the
Century but with a more modern approach and appearance that appealed to younger buyers, and both
vehicles were exclusive to the Toyota Store dealership network in Japan. In contrast to other luxurious cars
(such as the Maybach or Rolls-Royce), the Century has not been positioned and marketed as a sign of
wealth or excess. Marketing literature states roughly that, "the Century is acquired through persistent work,
the kind that is done in a plain but formal suit."[19]

Like other cars in the top of the luxury class, the Century is designed with the rear passengers in mind.
Hence, the rear seats recline and the front passenger seat (in right-hand drive cars only) has a fold-down
center section so that a passenger in the back may stretch his feet forward. The rear seats are equipped with
a massage system. The exterior door handles open the doors electrically since the sound of the door being
opened mechanically is perceived as being "too obtrusive". The doors are equipped with a soft-close
mechanism, allowing the door to pull itself completely closed electrically when the latch makes contact
with the striker.[14]

In Japan, the vehicles' interiors are usually ordered in wool cloth, rather than the leather seen in many
luxury cars; leather is not as quiet as cloth when sat upon. The vehicle interior colors are limited to medium
brown, light brown, burgundy, gray or royal blue inside, with a choice of five exterior colors including
black. The Century is distinguished by different paint options than the rest of the Toyota line-up, and color
choices have culturally significant names. They are Kamui Eternal Black ( カムイ ), Mashū Shrine Blue
Mica (摩周湖 鸞 精華
), Rinpo Glorious Gray Metallic ( ), Seika Radiant Silver Metallic ( ) and Seiun Cloud
Demure Blue Mica Metallic ( 彩雲 ).[20] The painting of each car is one of the most detailed in the
manufacturing process. It involves hand painting, followed by wet sanding by hand, then hand polishing to
a mirror finish. The Century has seven layers of paint used to complete the mirror like appearance. Vehicles
primarily intended for livery service usually have leather interiors in gray, for easier interior cleaning and
durability. White lace curtains are usually installed in the rear window, instead of tinted windows, which are
perceived to attract unwarranted attention. Such passengers usually like to be seen in a Century, despite
Asian tendencies for modesty.
The Century is priced at ¥11,445,000 (approximately US$100,000 as of 2009). In comparison, the base
price for the full-size luxury 2008 Lexus LS 460 is approximately ¥10,000,000 (US$87,000),[21] with the
LS 600h L at ¥15,000,000 (US$125,800).

In 2006, the G-BOOK vehicle telematics subscription service was added to the list of standard features.

The second generation Century was discontinued on 4 February 2017, after almost 20 years of
production.[22] 9,573 vehicles were built from 1996 (the launch year was 1997) to the final figure of 100
cars in 2016.

Second generation (G50)

Century rear A Premium Century at the 2007

Tokyo Motor Show

1997 Century driver's seat. Note 1GZ-FE V12

that the steering wheel design
was later adopted for various
Toyota models throughout the
2000s.

Century Royal (G51; 2006)

The Toyota Century Royal is the official state car Toyota Century Royal (G51)
currently used by the Emperor of Japan, being a specially
prepared Century, a one-off ¥52,500,000 (US$500,000)
custom car. The car was produced at the request of the
Japanese Imperial Household Agency,[23] to be used by
senior members of the Imperial House of Japan. This
special version has wool cloth upholstery, internal granite
entry steps and Japanese washi rice paper headlining for
the passenger compartment, as well as undisclosed
security measures. The front passenger compartment is
upholstered in leather. With the introduction of the third
generation Century in 2018, the tail lights on the Century
Royal are vertical, while the civilian Century maintains
horizontal tail lights across the back of the vehicle. Empress 1

Five vehicles were originally ordered, but due to the Overview

individual cost for each only four were built. According to Production 2006-2008
the translation of the corresponding article on Japanese
3 sedans
Wikipedia, one car called Empress 1 is used by the
Imperial Palace. Another was built as a hearse in 2008, 1 hearse
known as Empress 2, and was used for the funeral of Powertrain
Prince Mikasa 27 October 2016.[24][25] Empress 3 and
Engine Petrol:
Empress 5, due to additional security equipment installed,
cost ¥94,500,000 (US$851,445) each, are assigned to the 4996 cc 1GZ-FE V12
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The designation "Empress 4" (GZG51)
is not used because the number 4 is considered unlucky.
Transmission 6-speed automatic (6 Super
Each vehicle that is used for official transport is given a
small round badge attached to the grille at the right with ECT)
the Kanji character representing "Empress" (Japanese: ) 皇 Dimensions
along with an Arabic number. Wheelbase 3,510 mm (138 in)

The suspension consists of double wishbones for both the Length 6,155 mm (242.3 in)
front and rear wheels, supplemented by air-bag support Width 2,050 mm (81 in)
springs. The engine used is the 5.0 L-V12 shared with the
Height 1,770 mm (70 in)
standard Century with horsepower rated at 280  PS
(206 kW; 276 bhp) and 460 N⋅m (340 lbf⋅ft) of torque at Curb weight 2,920 kg (6,440 lb)
4000 rpm.[26] For various state functions, additional
conventional Century sedans are used with a designated "Empress" number roundel.

This vehicle replaced the fleet of four 40-year-old Nissan Prince Royal limousines that were beginning to
show their age. After the Prince Royals were no longer deemed appropriate by the Imperial Household
Agency, the Emperor and Empress had been seen riding in a conventional Century until the Century
Royals were ready for service. The Century Royal is exclusive to the Imperial Household and was
presented for service on July 7, 2006. When the Emperor is riding inside, the Imperial Standard is displayed
on the top of the grille. An additional roundel, known as the Imperial Seal of Japan is also displayed at both
the front and rear of the car in place of a license plate, and on the exterior of both rear passenger doors,
displaying a 16-petal chrysanthemum in golden colour, denoting the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan.

The limousine stretches around 20 feet in length and 6.5 feet across,[27] —the same length as a Maybach
62 and both longer and heavier than a 2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom. Previous Emperors were driven in a
Nissan Prince Royal (1967–2008), Cadillac Series 75 (1951–1970), Mercedes-Benz 770 W07 Series
(1932–1968), Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost (1921–1936), and a Daimler (1913–1927).

Chassis codes
GZG50: 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12
GZG50L: 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12 (LHD export)
 GZG50R: 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12 (RHD export)
GZG51: 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12 (Century Royal)

The Emperor Emeritus in a

conventional Century, labeled
Empress 8

Third generation (G60; 2018)

The third generation Century was unveiled at the October Third generation (G60)
2017 Tokyo Motor Show.[29] The car then went on sale
on 22 June 2018, with prices starting from
¥19,600,000[28] (approximately US$180,000 at June 2018
exchange rates) to the top grade Century Limousine at
¥60,000,000. It is to be offered in four exterior colors,
with culturally significant names; Kamui Eternal Black ( 神
威 ), Mashū Shrine Blue Mica ( 摩周 ), Asuka (Black Ash)
Red Mica ( 飛鳥 ), and Seika Radiant Silver Metallic (精
華 ).[30] The Century's production is limited to 50 per Overview
month, and is built in a "nearly hand-made" fashion.[31] Production June 2018 – present
Unlike the previous generation, the G60 Century is no
Assembly Japan: Susono, Shizuoka
longer available outside of the Japanese market due to the
G50's failure to sell overseas.[18] (Toyota Motor East Japan)
Japan: Toyota City
It shows that its appearance was influenced by the Century (Motomachi plant)
Royal, which was produced at the request of the Japanese
Imperial Household Agency to be used by senior members Designer Masato Tanabe
of the Imperial House of Japan in 2006.[32] The full model Body and chassis
update maintains the visual tradition of the Century model,
Body style 4-door limousine
while incorporating appropriate technological upgrades
and advances such as Toyota Safety Sense P-series 4-door convertible (Royal
collision avoidance support, and Toyota T-Connect.[33] Parade Car)
The traditionally installed side-view mirrors above the Platform Toyota N platform
front wheels, a standard feature that started with the first
generation, have been replaced with door mounted units, Related Lexus LS 600h L (UVF46)
incorporating turn signal lights. Unlike other Toyota Powertrain
products, which have the Toyota badge, and hybrid
Engine Petrol hybrid:
installed vehicles with a separate "hybrid badge" with an
additional Toyota or Lexus badge with a blue background, 4968 cc 2UR-FSE V8
the Century has the traditional Fushichō badge and the (UWG60)
word "Century" in block letters on the trunklid and does Electric motor 165 kW (221 hp; 224 PS)
not carry the Toyota badge or designation. On the "C"
pillar there is a badge in blue with a gothic-style "C" for 1KM AC synchronous
Century with a label "hybrid" below. This badge is a Power output 280 kW (375 hp; 381 PS)
traditional Century styling feature that first appeared in
(petrol engine)
1967.
317 kW (425 hp; 431 PS)
There are many features that are exclusive to the Century. (combined system output)
The grille is the classic narrow vertical chrome strips with
Transmission eCVT[28]
a second layer underneath of interlocking circles that are
also used for the turn signals used in the front bumper. The Hybrid Power-split (THS II)
rear taillights are also a traditional appearance which drivetrain
debuted with the first generation in 1967. As with Dimensions
previous generations, rear passenger comfort and
convenience is made a priority. The rear seats have a Wheelbase 3,090 mm (122 in)
recline feature, with integrated heaters and massage Length 5,335 mm (210.0 in)[28]
function, as well as an adjustable power leg rest for the
Width 1,930 mm (76 in)[28]
rear seat opposite the driver. The sound system comes
standard with 20 speakers. A 20-inch LCD screen is Height 1,505 mm (59.3 in)[28]
installed for rear seat passengers that let occupants control Curb weight 2,370 kg (5,220 lb)[28]
many aspects and features as a convenience as well as
playing video content. The standard upholstery fabric continues to be offered in three color choices using
100% wool with a unique heather pattern, with leather remaining available optionally in two different color
combinations. Both upholstery choices include two different wood inlay selections. The transmission
selector, which on previous generations was either floor mounted or steering column installed, is now only
available on the floor.

The powertrain is Hybrid Synergy Drive including the 2UR-FSE 5.0-litre V8 petrol engine, maintaining
the displacement of the prior V12 engine but adding an electric drive system for fuel economy
improvement to 13.6  km/L (38  mpg‑imp ; 32  mpg‑US), compared to the prior generation's 10  km/L
(28 mpg‑imp ; 24 mpg‑US). The powertrain package is the same as the 2008-2017 Lexus LS 600h & LS
600h L; however, as the fifth-generation LS does not feature this powertrain, it is now unique to the
Century.[34] The suspension has been upgraded from the previous double wishbone to a multi-link
suspension with supplemental air bags to further enhance ride quality. Toyota first displayed a hybrid
engine in the Century at the 1975 Tokyo Motor Show in the Century gas turbine hybrid, with a GT45 gas
turbine and electric motor.[10]

Century GRMN

On 18 September 2018, the website Japanese Nostalgic Car published an article showing photos of a
factory appearance package for the Century, called Century GRMN (Gazoo Racing, tuned by the Meister
of the Nürburgring). It is not clear whether this will be a one-off or not.[35] On 20 September 2018, an
article was published by Japanese website Response showing President of Toyota Motor Corporation Akio
Toyoda getting into his modified Century, which did not appear to be the same as the conventional model
currently available. The website suggested that a sport-oriented version of the Century might be offered
soon.[36] On 25 November 2018, the car appeared at the Toyota GAZOO Racing Festival, where it
appeared alongside the fifth generation Supra.[37] At the 2019 Tokyo Auto Salon, a Century GRMN
appeared in black.


Century GRMN Century GRMN at 2019 Tokyo

Auto Salon

Royal Parade Car

On 19 November 2018, the Imperial Household Agency announced a request to provide an open-top
parade car for the Coronation Ceremony of Naruhito on 22 October 2019,[38] which was postponed until
10 November 2019 due to Typhoon Hagibis.[39] The parade has been traditionally called Shukuga Onretsu
no Gi.[40] Previously, the only parade car used by the Imperial Household Agency was a 1990 Rolls Royce
Corniche convertible, which had been found to be too old and needing repair to bring up to serviceability.
The Imperial Household Agency had expressed a desire to have a Japanese automobile manufacturer
provide a vehicle built specifically for this motorcade event,[41] and released an official request.[42] On 17
January 2019, it was announced that a Century, modified to the Emperor's specifications, would be
provided in convertible form.[43] On 19 September 2019, an image of the custom-built parade vehicle was
released, showing a four-door convertible with rear conventional doors.[44] The rear seats are 4 cm (1.6 in)
higher than those in the standard production hard-top, allowing parade spectators a better view of the
imperial couple.

Century Royal Parade Car Emperor and Empress

Coronation

Chassis codes
UWG60: 5.0 L 2UR-FSE V8[28]

Production transfer
From 1967 to 2020, the Century was assembled at the Higashi-Fuji plant (Susono, Shizuoka) owned by
Kanto Auto Works and its successor Toyota Motor East Japan. On 10 December 2020, Toyota Motor East
Japan ceased car production at Higashi-Fuji. Toyota moved the Century assembly operations to Toyota
City's Motomachi plant.[45][46]

Third generation (G60)

Century front Century side

Century rear Century interior

Century rear passenger area 2020 Olympic Torch Relay

Century Pace Car (2021)

See also
Official state car
References
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External links
Official website (https://toyota.jp/century) (in Japanese)
Toyota concept cars (http://members.iinet.net.au/~stepho/concept.htm#gt45)
1975 Tokyo Motor Show (http://archive.tokyo-motorshow.com/eng/show/history/history_21.ht
ml)
Century Royal in an Escorted Convoy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnV1PZnVG7E)
Another view of the Century Royal in another Escorted Convoy (https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=iQ44S92VwhM)

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