한국어
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
FOREIGN LANGUAGE (KOREAN) INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL
"Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way
to think about things."
Flora Lewis
BASIC KOREAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON 1: Korean consonants, vowels, and stroke order ................................................................................... 5
LESSON 2: Constructin/ Writing words .............................................................................................................. 13
a. Rules in constructing words
b. Writing in blocks
LESSON 3: Korean numbers and counting ......................................................................................................... 22
a. Sino-Korean numbers (Chinese system)
b. Native or Pure Korean numbers
LESSON 4: Telling time in Korean .................................................................................................................... 30
LESSON 5: Sentence word order (S-O-V) ......................................................................................................... 33
LESSON 6: Korean Particles .............................................................................................................................. 37
a. Topic markers
b. Subject markers
c. Object markers
LESSON 7: Introducing self in Hangul ............................................................................................................. 41
LESSON 8: Introducing others in Hangul ......................................................................................................... 45
LESSON 9: Helpful Korean Expressions .......................................................................................................... 47
a. Essential expressions
b. Everyday expressions
LESSON 10: Korean Phrases ............................................................................................................................ 50
a. At the restaurant
b. Café and coffee shop
c. Shopping
d. At the bank
e. At the hospital
f. At the pharmacy
g. At the dentist
h. At the hair salon
i. At the movie theater
j. Post office
k. Asking for directions
l. At the bus station
m. At the dinner table
n. Special occasions
o. Phone call
p. Korean exclamation
q. Dating
r. Using the Taxi
s. Emergency
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LESSON 10: Vocabulary ............................................................................................................................. 70
a. Common Verbs
b. Common Adjectives
c. Colors
d. Sizes
e. Taste
f. Quality
g. Food
h. Animals
i. Objects
j. Determiners
k. Questions
l. Weather
m. People
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LESSON 1: CONSONANTS, VOWELS, AND STROKE ORDER (REVIEW)
A. CONSONANTS
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ
'g' or 'k' 'n' 'd' or 't' 'r' or 'l' 'm'
ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ
'b' or 'p' 's' ‘ng’ 'ch' 'chh'
ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
'g' or 'k' 'dd' 'pp' 'h'
DOUBLE CONSONANTS
ㄱㄱ ㄷㄷ ㅈㅈ ㅅㅅ
‘kk’ ‘tt’ ‘jj’ ‘ss’
B. VOWELS
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ
'a' 'ya' 'eo' 'yeo' 'o'
ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
'yo' 'oo' or 'u' 'yoo' or 'yu' 'eu' 'ee'
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ
e ye e ye wa
ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ
whe wo weo weou wei
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C. STROKE ORDER OF KOREAN HANGUL
The basic rules are:
1. left to right,
2. top to bottom, and
3. outside in
Observe how the consonants and basic vowels are written:
For more details, you can proceed to this website @ https://www.sayjack.com/korean/learn-korean/stroke-
order-of-korean-hangul/
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EXERCISE 1: Practice writing Korean consonants.
ㄱ
ㄴ
ㄷ
ㄹ
ㅁ
ㅂ
ㅅ
ㅇ
ㅈ
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ㅌ
ㅍ
ㅎ
EXERCISE 2: Practice writing the 10 basic Korean vowels (vertical and horizontal).
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
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EXERCISE 3: Practice writing the 10 basic double Korean vowels.
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ
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EXERCISE 4: Following the stroke order in Hangul, combine the consonants and basic vowels.
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
ㄱ
ㄴ
ㄷ
ㄹ
ㅁ
ㅂ
ㅅ
ㅇ
ㅈ
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ㅋ
ㅌ
ㅍ
ㅎ
EXERCISE 5: Following the stroke order of Hangul, combine the consonants and basic vowels.
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ
ㄱ
ㄴ
ㄷ
ㄹ
ㅁ
ㅂ
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ㅅ
ㅇ
ㅈ
ㅋ
ㅌ
ㅍ
ㅎ
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LESSON 2: CONSTRUCTING/ WRITING WORDS
A. CONSTRUCTING WORDS
When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the
consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the
beginning in which case “ㅇ” (null character/ placeholder) is used.
ㅇ + ㅏ = 아 a
ㄹ + ㅡ + ㅁ = 름 rum
ㄱ + ㅏ + ㅁ = 감 kam
ㄲ + ㅜ + ㅇ = 꿍 kkoong
ㅇ + ㅗ + ㅅ = 옷 ot
ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅂㅅ = 없 eop
ㄲ + ㅗ + ㅊ = 꽃 kkot
ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한 han
ㄱ + ㅡ + ㄱ = 극 guk
IMPORTANT NOTE
1. A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on
the left and the vowel on the right
ㄴ+ㅏ=나
n + a = na
2. A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on
top and the vowel underneath:
ㅁ+ㅗ=모
m + o = mo
3. If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im
(meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.
ㅁ+ㅏ+ㄴ=만
m + a + n = man
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THINGS TO REMEMBER: The Horizontal and The Vertical Vowels
VERTICAL VOWELS
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ
'a' 'ya' 'eo' 'yeo' 'o'
HORIZONTAL VOWELS
ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
'yo' 'oo' or 'u' 'yoo' or 'yu' 'eu' 'ee'
B. WRITING IN BLOCKS
Korean is written into “blocks” that make up one syllable. One block always has exactly one syllable.
The blocks are ALWAYS drawn in one of the following ways:
A B C D
1 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 3
3
4 IMPORTANT RULES YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THESE STRUCTURES:
1. Number “2” is ALWAYS a vowel. Always always always always always.
2. Number “1, 3 are ALWAYS consonants. Always.
3. Blocks containing a HORIZONTALLY DRAWN VOWEL are always drawn in one of these
two ways:
1 1
2 2
3
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4. Blocks containing a vertically drawn vowel are always drawn in one of these two ways:
1 2 1 2
3
Now that you know those rules, it is just a matter of putting the consonants and vowels together to
make blocks.
EXAMPLE: I want to write “bab”
STEP 1: Determine if the vowel is horizontal or vertical.
a (ㅏ) is vertical, so we will use:
1 2 1 2
3
STEP 2: Determine if the syllable ends in a consonant.
Yes, it does. So we need to fill 1, 2 and 3, so we need to use:
1 2
3
STEP 3: Place the starting letter “b (ㅂ)”, the middle letter “a (ㅏ)” and the ending letter “b (ㅂ)” into
1, 2, and 3 respectively.
ㅂ ㅏ
ㅂ
STEP 4: You now have the word
“bab” = 밥
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MORE EXAMPLES:
ㄱ=k
ㅏ=a
ㄴ=n
ㅏ is vertically aligned, so if we
make a syllable we would write: 간 (kan)
ㅂ = b
ㅓ = eo
ㅂ=b
ㅓ is vertically aligned, so if we
make a syllable we would write: 법 (beob)
ㅈ=j
ㅜ=u
ㅜ is horizontally aligned, so if
we make a syllable we would
write: 주 (ju)
ㅎ=h
ㅗ=o
ㅗ is horizontally aligned, so if
we make a syllable we would
write: 호 (ho)
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EXERCISE 6: Practice combining these consonants and vowels with FINAL CONSONANT: ㅂ
ㅣ ㅏ ㅓ ㅡ ㅜ ㅗ
ㅂ 빕
ㅈ 집
ㄷ 딥
ㄱ 깁
ㅅ 십
ㅁ 밉
ㄴ 닙
ㅎ 힙
ㄹ 립
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EXERCISE 7: Practice combining these consonants and vowels with FINAL CONSONANT: ㅈ
ㅣ ㅏ ㅓ ㅡ ㅜ ㅗ
ㅂ 빚
ㅈ 짖
ㄷ 딪
ㄱ 깆
ㅅ 싲
ㅁ 밎
ㄴ 닞
ㅎ 힞
ㄹ 맂
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EXERCISE 8: Practice combining these consonants and vowels with FINAL CONSONANT: ㄱ
ㅣ ㅏ ㅓ ㅡ ㅜ ㅗ
ㅂ 빅
ㅈ 직
ㄷ 딕
ㄱ 긱
ㅅ 식
ㅁ 믹
ㄴ 닉
ㅎ 힉
ㄹ 릭
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