Table 1: The hazards and effects checklist
Safety hazards F = Flammable MH = Major Hazard Se = Security hazard WP = Work Practice Health hazards B = Biological agent C = Chemical agent E = Ergonomic agent P = Physical agent LS = Life style agent Psy = Psychological agent M = Medical issue
Hazard Numb er 01 01.1 01.2 Healt h Enviro nmental D D
Environmental hazards D = Discharge hazards R = Use of natural resources Pr = Presence
Hazard description Hydrocarbons Oil under pressure Hydrocarbon gas
Safety
Sources
MH MH
C C
Pipelines, pressure vessels Oil/gas separators, compressors, gas pipelines, cargo tanks, bunker tanks Oil storage tanks Filter separators, pipelines, crude oil tanks Cargo Holds
01.3 01.4 01.5 02 02.1 02.2 02.3 02.4 03 03.1 03.2
Oil at low pressures Wax Coal Refined hydrocarbons Lube and seal oil Hydraulic oil Diesel fuel Petroleum spirit/gasoline Other flammable materials Cellulosic materials Pyrophoric materials
MH F F
C C P
D D R
F F
C C C C
D D D D
Engines and rotating equipment Hydraulic pistons, hydraulic reservoirs and pumps Engines, storage Storage containers, Rescue boats, etc
F F
Packing materials, wood planks, paper rubbish Metal scale from vessels in sour service, scale on filters in sour service Welding and metal cutting operations, refrigeration gases, calibration gases Cooling water systems, Fire mains, Pipelines during hydraulic pressure test, Kew machines Purging and leak testing of facilities
04 04.1
Pressure hazards Bottled gases under pressure Water under pressure in pipeworks Non-hydrocarbon gas under pressure in pipeworks WP -
04.2
WP
04.3
MH
04.4 04.5
Air under high pressure WP Oil and hydrocarbon WP
Air bottles, compressed air lines, grit blasting Pipelines, cargo tanks, spray
Hazard Numb er 05 05.1
Hazard description gas under pressure
Safety
Healt h
Enviro nmental painting
Sources
Hazards associated with differences in height Personnel at height >2 m MH Work involving scaffolding, staging, bosun chairs, gangways, ladders, platforms, masts, funnel stacks, cranes, working overboard, Slippery/uneven surfaces, climbing/descending stairs, obstructions, loose gratings Objects falling while being lifted/handled or working at a height over people, equipment or over deck areas by crane, elevated work platforms, slung loads Objects falling onto divers from operations overhead or through over side discharges Persons falling into water while working over the side on stages, gangways, pilot ladders or by basked transfers
05.2
Personnel at height <2 m Overhead equipment
WP
05.3
MH
05.4
Personnel under water
MH
05.5
Fall into Water
WP
06 06.1
Objects under induced stress Objects under tension WP Mooring lines, Wires of lifting equipment, anchor chains, tow lines, slings, lifeboats and rescue boat under on-load release condition Spring-loaded devices, such as relief valves and actuators, and hydraulically operated devices
06.2
Objects under compression Dynamic situation hazards
WP
07 07.1
On-water transport WP (boats, launches, lifeboats, rescue boats) Collision hazard with other vessels Allision hazard with fixed objects Grounding and Stranding MH
Boat transport to and from locations, transporting materials and supplies, drills Shipping lane traffic, supply and maintenance barges and boats, drifting boats, fishing vessels Buoys, jetties, dolphins Shallow waters Engines, motors, compressors Workshop, rotating equipment like cup grinders and wire brushes Galley, rope work on deck
07.2
07.3 07.4 07.5 07.6 07.7 08 08.1
MH MH
C C -
D D -
Equipment with moving WP or rotating parts Use of hazardous hand WP tools (grinding, cutting) Use of knives and other WP sharp objects Environmental hazards Weather WP
Winds, temperature extremes, rain,
Hazard Numb er 08.2 09 09.1
Hazard description
Safety
Healt h
Enviro nmental etc. -
Sources
Sea state Hot surfaces Engine and turbine exhaust systems
MH WP
Waves, tides or other sea states Power generation, gas compression, refrigeration compression, enginedriven equipment such as lifeboats, emergency generators, rescue boats, deck air compressors Heating coils for bunker and cargo tanks, heat tracing and jackets, steam driven cargo pumps Steam systems, cooling oils, galley Boilers, steam generators, waste heat recovery units, hot-oil heating systems, ME and AE exhaust systems Cold ambient climate, refrigeration systems Vapour lines off liquid nitrogen storage Boilers, heaters Hot oil furnace, incinerators, boilers Pressure-relief and blowdown systems Power cables, temporary electrical lines Electric motors/switchgear, power generation, welding machines, transformer secondary Power lines, power generation, transformer primary, large electrical motors Major lightning-prone areas Cargo tanks containing static accumulator oils, cargo tanks during and after washing with water, Nonmetallic storage vessels and piping, discharge hose of pumps e.g. Wilden pump, paint spray machines, wiping rags, unearthed equipment, aluminium/steel, high-velocity gas discharges
09.2
Steam piping
WP
10 10.1 10.2
Hot fluids Temperatures 100150C Temperatures greater than150C WP MH P P -
11 11.1 11.2 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 13 13.1 13.2
Cold surfaces Process piping between MH - 25C and - 80 C Process piping less than - 80C Open flame Heaters with fire tube Direct-fired furnaces Flares Electricity Voltage> 50 V to 440 V MH in cables Voltage> 50 V to 440 V WP in equipment Voltage> 440 V MH F F P P P D D D MH P P -
13.3
13.4 13.5
Lightning discharge Electrostatic energy
WP WP
14 14.1 14.2
Electromagnetic radiation Ultraviolet radiation Infrared radiation P P Arc welding, sunshine Flares
Hazard Numb er 14.3 14.4 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4
Hazard description Microwaves Lasers Asphyxiates Insufficient oxygen atmospheres Excessive CO2 Drowning Halon
Safety -
Healt h P P C C C C
Enviro nmental D D Galley
Sources
Instrumentation, surveying Confined spaces, cargo and bunker tanks, voids, engine crank case Areas with C02 firefighting systems Working overboard, water transport Areas with halon fire-fighting systems such as turbine enclosures and electrical switchgear and battery rooms Welding/burning operations, fires Cargo tanks, Open deck areas when handling high sulphur cargoes, Bunker tanks, bacterial activity in stagnant water e.g. ballast tanks, sewage tanks Engines in enclosed spaces, Engine room, incinerator compartment Incinerator flue gas, Inert gas Component of crude oil, cargoes containing benzene, fuel oil Water treatment facilities Metal fabrication/repair, welding toxic metals (galvanized steel, cadmium-coated steel), metal cutting, grinding Accommodation Air conditioning, refrigeration, aerosol sprays Electrical switches, gas filters Transformer cooling oils Water treatment systems Storage drums, cargo tanks Additive to pipelines Cooling and injection water additive Cargo tanks
15.5 16 16.1
Smoke Toxic gas H2S (hydrogen sulfide, sour gas)
MH
C C
D D
16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6
Exhaust fumes SO2 Benzene Chlorine Welding fumes
MH -
C C C C C
D D D D -
16.7 16.8 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 18 18.1
Tobacco smoke CFCs Toxic liquid Mercury PCBs Biocide (Gluteraldehyde) Methanol - Glycols Corrosion inhibitors Scale inhibitors Odorant additives (mercaptans) Alcohol-containing beverages Non-prescribed drugs Used engine oils Grey and/or black water Toxic solid Asbestos
LS -
WP WP -
C C C C C C C LS LS C
D D D D D D D D D
Used engine oils Sewage systems and discharges
Thermal insulation, gaskets
Hazard Numb er 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5
Hazard description Man-made mineral fibre Dusts
Safety -
Healt h C C C C
Enviro nmental D D D D
Sources Thermal insulation, gaskets Grit blasting, sand blasting, cargo hold Welding fumes, handling coated bolts FO Purifiers, Settling and Service tanks, Sludge storage tanks, cargo tanks, Slop tanks, ROTs, cargo pipelines,
Cadmium compounds and other heavy metals Oil-based sludges -
19 19.1 20 20.1 20.2 20.3
Corrosive substances Sulfuric acid Biological hazards Food-borne bacteria (e.g. E.coli) Water-borne bacteria (e.g. Legionella) Parasitic insects (pin worms, bed bugs, lice, fleas) Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) Other communicable diseases Ergonomic hazards Manual materials handling Damaging noise Loud steady noise> 85 dBA WP E P P P Pr Pr Handling stores, manoeuvring equipment in awkward locations Releases from relief valves, pressure control valves Engine rooms, compressor rooms, air tools Near Boilers, Engine Room, Cargo tanks and holds, in open exposed areas in certain regions of the world during summer Open areas in winter in cold climates, refrigerated storage areas Climates where sweat evaporation rates are too low to cool the human body, personal protective clothing, Engine Room Hand-tool vibration, vessel making way, heavy weather Poorly designed office furniture and poorly laid out workstations Work areas requiring intense light, glare, lack of contrast, insufficient light on bridge during dark hours Controls poorly positioned requiring B B B Contaminated food Cooling systems, domestic water systems Improperly cleaned food, hands, clothing, living sites (pin worms, bed bugs, lice, fleas) Contaminated blood, blood products and other body fluids Other people WP C D Wet batteries, cargo tanks (Chemical carriers)
20.4 20.5 21 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4
B B
Heat stress (high ambient temperatures)
21.5 21.6
Cold stress (low ambient temperatures) High humidity -
P P
21.7 21.8 21.9
Vibration Workstations Lighting
P E P
Pr Pr
21.10
Incompatible hand
Hazard Numb er
Hazard description controls
Safety
Healt h
Enviro nmental
Sources workers to exert excessive force, no proper labels, hand-operated control valves, i.e. in heavy machinery
21.11
Awkward location of workplaces and machinery Mismatch of work to physical abilities Mismatch of work to cognitive abilities
Machinery difficult to maintain regularly due to their awkward positioning, for example valves in an usually high or low position Requiring older workers to maintain a high level of physical activity over the course of a work day Requiring individuals to monitor process (e.g. navigation) without trying to reduce their boredom by giving them a higher task load, asking a worker to supervise something he is not qualified to do Overtime Ambiguity of job requirements, unclear reporting relationships, over/under-supervision, poor interface between departments Work overload, unrealistic targets, lack of clear planning, poor communications Uncomfortable climate for permanently manned areas
21.12
21.13
21.14 21.15
Long & irregular working hours/shifts Poor organization and job design
E E
21.16
Work planning issues
21.17
Indoor climate (too hot, cold, dry, humid, draughty) Psychological hazards Living on the job/away from family -
22 22.1
Psy
Homesickness, missing family and social events, feeling of isolation and missing part of life. Difficult to turn off in leisure time Awareness that mistakes can be catastrophic, vulnerable to the mistakes of others, responsible for the safety of others. Awareness of difficulty of escape in an emergency. Awareness of risks in work, adverse weather Physically demanding or arduous work, long or excessive working hours Operations involving 24 hour working, changing rest and sleep patterns associated with activities Pressure from others to behave in a manner which may affect well-being of the individual
22.2
Working and living on a ship
Psy
22.3
Fatigue
Psy
22.4
Shift work
Psy
22.5
Peer pressure
Psy
23 23.1
Use of natural resources Water R Cooling water
Hazard Numb er 23.2 24 24.1 24.2 25 25.1 25.2 26 26.1 26.2 26.3
Hazard description Air Medical Medical unfitness Motion sickness Noise High-level noise Intrusive noise Entrapment Fire / explosion Mechanical damage Diving
Safety -
Healt h -
Enviro nmental R
Sources Turbines, combustion engines (pump and compressor drivers)
M M M Psy -
Medically unfit staff for the task Sea sickness whilst at sea Plant areas, e.g. turbines, compressors, generators, etc. Intrusive noise in sleeping areas, offices and recreational areas Blockage of routes to muster location or congetion of muster area Objects blocking access I escape routes Snagging of lines, affected by discharges
MH WP WP
