ADDING AN ADDITIONAL NARCOTICS INVESTIGATOR TO THE

QUAKERTOWN BOROUGH POLICE DEPARTMENT

SGT. CHRIS GRILL

QUAKERTOWN BOROUGH POLICE DEPARTMENT

A Department Report Submitted to the

University of San Diego Law Enforcement
And Public Safety Leadership
Class 550 Module 7
August 5th, 2021
 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL NARCOTICS INVESTIGATOR TO
THE QUAKERTOWN BOROUGH POLICE DEPARTMENT

PROBLEM

The Quakertown Borough Police Department (QPD) is an accredited Law Enforcement Agency
serving the Quakertown Borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The jurisdiction that QPD
covers is only Quakertown Borough, which is 1.6 square miles with a population of 8,784 in
2019 and a median income in 2019 of $62,298. (Quickfacts Quakertown Borough, n.d.) Over
the past ten years, the narcotic issue has increased significantly, including opioids and
methamphetamine in the Quakertown Borough and Bucks County area. The drug issues have
increased the strain on QPD's ability to thoroughly investigate drug-related crimes on top of their
regular duties.

The department handles over 10,000 incidents a year, most of which the fifteen officers in patrol
and three investigators handle. In December of 2016, QPD added one position of a full-time
narcotics investigator. Seven patrol officers assist in narcotics investigations on a part-time basis
on overtime or during their patrol duties as time permits. Due to the unpredictability as to when
and if they will be available, it causes unreliability and leaves the narcotics investigator to work
on his own.

The narcotics officer's responsibility at QPD is to handle drug delivery and overdose
investigations and assist with patrol in their investigations by providing support and
recommendations. They also provide education to community organizations and work towards
prevention. Due to the amount of narcotics-related investigations, court time, community
education, and prevention responsibilities, it is overwhelming and inefficient for one person to
handle all the duties.

QPD is exploring adding an additional officer to the narcotics division to assist the department in
narcotics-related investigations and provide a superior level of efficiency, proactivity, officer
safety, and community well-being.
ASSUMPTIONS
If QPD remains at one narcotics investigator, it will promote inefficiency in the narcotics
position responsibilities, and the proactivity of the department will decrease, shifting
the department to a reactive agency. Crime and quality of life issues will increase due to
narcotics-related issues. Officers may not have enough time to thoroughly investigate
incidents, resulting in poor performance and public perception. The narcotics
Investigator operating by themself places them in an officer safety concern while
performing the position's responsibilities.

DATA AND FACTS

• QPD has a staff of 21 sworn personnel, including 15 officers in the patrol division
and three investigators. One of the investigators is assigned to full-time
narcotics investigations, and seven other officers assist part-time. (ANNEX A)
• QPD narcotics-related incidents have remained at a steady but high level from
2016-2019. Since adding a full-time narcotics investigator, overdose incidents
have gone down, and narcotics-related arrests have risen. (ANNEX B)
• A QPD study reported that most crimes other than narcotics (such as thefts and
burglaries) investigated at QPD where an arrest was made were committed by
individuals known to be involved in drugs through patrol activity or other
narcotics arrests. (ANNEX C)
• In 2021 a QPD Detective at top salary makes $108,541; a patrol officer at top
salary makes $102,213; a new hire patrol officer makes $73,558. (ANNEX D)
• A QPD Detective receives $750 a year in uniform allowance on top of their
salary. (ANNEX E)
• Per the collective bargaining agreement, QPD must have a minimum of 2
uniformed patrol officers on the street at one time. (ANNEX F)
• The average hourly overtime rate in 2021 for a QPD officer eligible to perform
patrol overtime is $76.93 (ANNEX G)
• In 2019 QPD had 69 days where the schedule was fully staffed, 200 days with it
partially fully staffed and 96 days where it was minimally staffed. (ANNEX H)
 • QPD spent $24,671.85 in overtime in 2019 on narcotics investigations (ANNEX I)

BACKGROUND
In the late 1990s, pharmaceutical companies pushed opioids to the medical community, which
led to widespread diversion and addiction. (Opioid Overdose Crisis, 2021) The general opioid
crisis still exists and is now beginning to be taken over by a methamphetamine crisis. Studies
from 2011-2017 surveyed opioid users also using methamphetamine skyrocketed from 19% to
34%. (Dotinga, 2018) The Quakertown Borough and surrounding areas have been experiencing
a narcotics epidemic of mainly opioids and methamphetamine, increasing crimes associated
with narcotics.

Quakertown Borough is in northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania, located geographically

between Philadelphia and Allentown. Major highways, including Route 309, Route 663, Route
313, traverse directly through the borough and the Pennsylvania Turnpike and Interstate 78
nearby. More drugs are sold in Philadelphia than in any other city in Pennsylvania.
(Pennsylvania Drug Threat Assessment, 2001) Philadelphia is within an hour's drive and is
known to have an open-air drug market. Most mid-level and possibly some retail distributors
throughout the state obtain their drug supply from traffickers in Philadelphia. (Pennsylvania
Drug Threat Assessment, 2001) The location and accessibility of Quakertown Borough make it a
prime place for narcotics dealers and users to set up and visit as a distribution hub to the Upper
Bucks County area.

Before forming the narcotics division in QPD, the department relied on patrol officers taking the
initiative to investigate drug-related incidents. QPD would request the assistance of the
Pennsylvania State Police Vice Unit to work with confidential informants to make purchases
with undercover troopers. This method resulted in many missed opportunities because the
Vice Unit member's schedules didn’t coincide with when the dealers would respond to meet.
Bucks County formed Detectives Drug Strike Force in 2016, comprised of multiple narcotics
investigators from the region along with dedicated District Attorney’s office members to the
investigation of narcotics-related incidents. The Drug Strike Force provided more availability
and resources for QPD and a partnership with the County. QPD’s current narcotics investigator
was detailed to the Drug Strike Force in 2016, allowing him to gain a wealth of knowledge and
skills to bring back to QPD. The narcotics investigator assists with drug-related incidents and
investigates sales, deliveries, deaths, and intelligence regarding drugs.

BENEFIT
If QPD can provide further resources and staff detailed to drug enforcement, prevention, and
education, it will decrease crime and improve the quality of life for the residents of
Quakertown. By targeting street-level drug dealers for enforcement activity, a department
legally removes both the dealers and drugs from the street. They are also removing the street
criminals who are committing other crimes associated with drugs. Given the demonstrated
pattern of criminal involvement with various crimes, these individuals are not just street drug
dealers; they are armed robbers, thieves, and violent offenders. A vigorous street narcotics
enforcement program effectively removes those associated with drugs from the street and
prevents crimes. (Chief, 1994)

Quakertown Borough Council and QPD have already committed to battling the drug epidemic
by adding and hiring an officer in 2016 to fill the narcotics investigator position. The addition of
one full-time narcotics investigator has already been shown to be beneficial. Overdoses have
decreased, and drug arrests have increased from proactivity. (ANNEX B) There is still a need to
strengthen that commitment further to keep up with the volume of workload involved in
operating an efficient narcotics division to increase arrests, prevent overdoses, and in the long
term reduce crime. To achieve this goal, QPD is exploring several options to increase staffing
dedicated to narcotics investigations. Those options include using patrol officers temporarily in
a rotation, assigning an officer from patrol full time, hiring an additional officer and promoting
an experienced patrol officer to detective.
(Visual Alert Records Managment System, 2021)POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Solution #1 – Using a patrol officer on a temporary assigned basis in a part-time
capacity when days of minimum staffing are met in patrol.

Rotation or collateral assignment of officers in policing is common in many areas of the

specialized field, such as narcotics investigations. A collateral duty assignment is one
that an officer can perform part-time or as needed in addition to their regularly assigned
duties. (Walker, 2019) Rotation at QPD would consist of one of the patrol officers
assigned to a squad to be detailed to narcotics on days when their squad is over the
minimum staffing of two uniformed patrol officers. In 2019, there were 269 out of 365
days where there was at least some point in the day that there were more than two
uniformed patrol officers on duty. The rotation system is a simple process that
administrators can implement with minimal interruption to the overall operation of the
department. (Gabor, 1992)
Advantages:
• Adds vigor and vitality to the organization, promotes high morale, and
contributes to individual growth and administrative insight. (Gabor, 1992)
• Promotes fresh ideas in the narcotics division.
• It gives multiple officers experience and perspective from actually performing
the job and may lead them to pursue or not pursue a permanent position within
the unit at a later time.
Disadvantages:
• Loss of an officer from patrol to handle call volume and officers may be pulled
last minute from narcotics to fill patrol shifts due to sick outs, vacations, training.
• Part-time positions still require the same initial training, equipment, and
continuing education as full-time positions, along with numerous persons to
adequately train compared to one officer dedicated to the position.
• If the officer enjoys the assignment and is moved out of the position, their
morale may lower.
 • Undercover officers, who learn primarily through on-the-job training, do not
begin to approach peak effectiveness in drug enforcement until they have at
least 12-18 months of experience. (Tuttle, 1993)
Costs:
• Minimal costs as there are no additional officers hired and no staff dropping
below the minimum level that would create a need for overtime.
• Will save in narcotics overtime moderately.

Solution #2 – Assign a full-time, willing officer to narcotics investigations from patrol,

decreasing patrol levels permanently without a promotion to detective and no
replacement of officer in patrol.

Full-time assignments of officers to specialized units occur in many large agencies such
as the Pennsylvania State Police. Full-time assignments require the officer to specialize
in one particular area. In this instance, that specialty is narcotics, and the officer will
work with the current narcotics investigator for a permanent duration until they choose
to transfer out or get reassigned. The assigned patrol officer will not receive a pay
increase or promotion.
Advantages:
• Provide experience to a patrol officer in narcotics investigations that can be
grown and molded to take over the unit upon the current investigator moving
from the unit.
• Allows for a consistent officer in the narcotics division, and training and
experience are not wasted compared to a temporary assignment.
• Opens a full-time specialty position for career development.
• Provides flexibility in picking the right candidate to fill the vacancy rather than a
general promotional process.
Disadvantages:
• Patrol division permanently loses an officer on the street, which makes the call
per officer ratio rise and may cause resentment towards the assigned narcotics
officer due to their workload increasing in patrol.
• An appointed patrol officer may resent not receiving a salary increase, and
promotion like the narcotics investigator receives.
• There could be uncertainty for the officer assigned to narcotics if there is a need
to be back in patrol due to call volume increase or long-term absence.
Costs:
• Overtime to cover patrol being short an officer. (In 2019, there were 96 days that
staffing was at minimum)
o 96 shifts x 12 hours x $76.39 = $88,001.28 approximate overtime to
fill patrol shift vacancies
• It Will help cut back in narcotics overtime
o Overtime savings under solution #2 will be more significant than the
savings under solution #1
• Based on 2019, it will cost $14,443.28 more than hiring a new officer to cover
the vacancies in patrol. (New hire salary is $73,558)

Solution #3 – Promote a patrol officer to rank of detective assigned to the narcotics

division and hire a new patrol officer increasing department staffing.

A promotion is defined as the act of furthering the growth or development of

something. (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) In this solution, QPD would go through a
promotional process to further the department's growth and development and the
officer selected. QPD will promote an officer to detective through a competitive testing
process and assign them to the narcotics division once their replacement is hired in the
patrol division. This detective would then assist and be supervised by the current
Sergeant in the narcotics investigator position. They would split some of the duties and
operate together as needed on a full-time basis as a team.
 Advantages:
• Promoting from within a company boosts morale and helps keep productivity
high. (The Advantages of Promotion from Within, 2021)
• Improves the retention of skilled and talented employees resulting in benefits to
the workplace. (Belyh, 2020)
• The patrol division does not lose an officer, and it keeps consistency in the
narcotics division.
• Ensures that the training is not wasted.
• It opens another position for promotion in the department hierarchy, which is
limited in small departments.
Disadvantages:
• The detective may feel stagnated by remaining in the same position over several
years. (Gabor, 1992)
• It does not allow other officers the opportunity to move into and experience
narcotics investigations like rotating would.
• Long-term burnout from the demands and lifestyle involved in narcotics work.
Costs:
• Total overall cost $80,636
o $73,558 cost for new hire
o $6,328 in a pay increase for the new detective promotion
o $750 uniform allowance for the detective
• It Will help cut back on narcotics overtime.
o The cut back in overtime will be greater than solution #1 and
equivalent to solution #2 in savings.
CONCLUSION
The Quakertown Borough Police Department has seen an increase in narcotics-related incidents
occurring over the last decade. Due to this increase in calls, patrol officers handled the lengthy
and thorough investigations associated with narcotics. At the end of 2016, QPD and
Quakertown Borough Council took the initiative to battle the drug epidemic and hired an officer
to fill a much-needed narcotics investigator position. The narcotics investigator has several
responsibilities relating to narcotics investigations. Those responsibilities are time-consuming,
and they have become overwhelming for one person to handle efficiently. QPD is exploring
possible solutions to adding resources to the narcotics division.

The first solution involved using a patrol officer on a temporary assigned basis in a part-time
capacity when minimum staffing is met in patrol. This solution is depended on the schedule and
officers' time off, training, and unexpected sick-outs. If an officer is out for an extended period,
it will be challenging to accomplish the goal. The cost is minimal due to not paying overtime to
cover open shifts due to the temporary assignment. It also provides the opportunity for
officers to experience narcotics investigations.

The second solution would be assigning a full-time officer to the narcotics division from a patrol
position without promoting the officer to a detective or replacing the patrol position. This
method has several advantages, including growing an officer’s skills, consistency in the
narcotics unit, opening a full-time specialty position in the department, and providing flexibility
in picking the right candidate. There are negatives associated with this route, like losing a
position in patrol, increasing workload of existing patrol officers, and the uncertainty for the
officer assigned that they may be needed back in patrol for an unforeseen reason. Based on
2019 staffing needs on the schedule, there would be a high cost associated with this solution.

The final solution would be promoting an officer to the rank of detective, assigning them to the
narcotics division, and hiring a new officer for the vacant patrol position. The advantages to
this decision will help boost morale in the department, improves the retention of skilled
employees, the patrol division does not lose an officer, consistency in the narcotics division,
and provides a promotion for future officers. Some negatives are that the detective may feel
stagnate in the position, does not allow other officers to gain experience in narcotics
investigations and potential for long-term burnout from the demand of the role. There is a cost
associated with this solution, but based on 2019 staffing, the cost is less than solution #2.
After evaluating each solution and the potential advantages against the disadvantages, solution
#3 provides QPD and the residents of Quakertown with the desired goal that QPD is trying to
accomplish. Solution #3 will increase staffing in selected areas and will not increase the
workload on others. Although there is a cost associated with this solution, it provides the best
outcome while getting the most out of the money spent. It is recommended that QPD present
solution #3 to Quakertown Borough Council for approval.
Works Cited
Belyh, A. (2020, October 8th). When and How to Promote Your Employees. Retrieved from
Cleverism: https://www.cleverism.com/when-and-how-to-promote-your-employees/
Chief, T. (1994, October 6th). Reducing Crime Through Street Level Policing. Retrieved from
IACP:
http://www.iacpnet.com/iacpnet/members/publications/periodicals/article_display.asp
?page=547317655&g=6382
Dotinga, R. (2018, June 29th). Methamphetamine use Climbing Among Opioid Users. Retrieved
from MDEdge: https://www.mdedge.com/psychiatry/article/169254/addiction-
medicine/methamphetamine-use-climbing-among-opioid-users
Gabor, T. (1992, July 1). Rotation: Is it Organizationally Sound? Retrieved from U.S. Department
of Justice Office of Justice Programs:
https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/136172NCJRS.pdf
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster Promotion. Retrieved from Merriam-Webster:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/promotion
Opioid Overdose Crisis. (2021, March 11th). Retrieved from National Institute on Drug Abuse:
https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis
Pennsylvania Drug Threat Assessment. (2001, June). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Justice:
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/670/670p.pdf
Quickfacts Quakertown Borough. (n.d.). Retrieved from United States Census Bureau:
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/quakertownboroughpennsylvania
The Advantages of Promotion from Within. (2021, January 19). Retrieved from Chron:
https://work.chron.com/advantages-promotion-within-6320.html
Tuttle, J. (1993, August 4th). Police Practices: A Training System for Undercover Teams.
Retrieved from IACP:
http://www.iacpnet.com/iacpnet/members/publications/periodicals/article_display.asp
?page=486831882&g=4342&cmd=ViewGroup
Visual Alert Records Managment System. (2021). Quakertown Borough.
Walker, M. (2019, May 7th). Building better officers: The importance of progression plans and
rotational assignments. Retrieved from Police1: https://www.police1.com/police-jobs-
and-careers/articles/building-better-officers-the-importance-of-progression-plans-and-
rotational-assignments-guTpnURgl5ZSmwdF/
 ANNEXES

Annex A QPD Organizational Chart

Annex B QPD UCR Data

Annex C QPD 2014-2016 Narcotics Report and Needs

Annex D Salary Schedule QPD Contract Page 3

Annex E Uniforms and Allowance QPD Contract Page 10 & 11

Annex F Minimum Staffing Requirements QPD Contract Page 15

Annex G QPD Salaries and Overtime Rate

Annex H 2019 QPD Schedule

Annex I 2019 QPD Narcotics Overtime

 ANNEX A – QPD ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Scott McElree
Chief of Police

Donald Bender
Lieutenant

Christopher Grill Bryan Lockwood Steven Stoneback Terri Ufferman

Harold Gross Joshua Mallery Jeffrey Boehm Matthew Molchan
Patrol Sgt/Defensive Patrol Sgt/Explosives Patrol Sgt/SWAT Adminstrative
Patrol Sgt/Firearms Narcotics Sgt Detective Detective
Tactics K9 Negotiator Assistant

William Newman
Mario Cabrera PART TIME Candyce Livezey
Ryan Hawke Patrolman/Communi Adam Wolfinger Ken Jonas
Patrolman/Firearms/ NARCOTICS Adminstrative
Patrolman/FTO ty Resoure Patrolman Evidence Custodian
FTO Christopher Grill Technician
Officer/FTO
Nicholas Filoon
Adam Wolfinger
Benjamin Moller Ryan Hawke
Nicholas Filoon Ryan Naugle
Patrolman Ryan Naugle Clint McCaslin Megan Unger
Patrolman/SWAT/FT Benjamin Moller
Patrolman/FTO Patrolman Secretary
O Tyler Fahringer

Kevin Foster Tyler Fahringer Auxilary

Patrolman PerDiem Assistant
Patrolan/Narcotics Police/Civilian Police
Secretary
K9 Academy

Robert Lee
SchoolResource Internship
Officer

Mark Watkins
Highway Patrol

Crossing Guards
 ANNEX B – QPD UCR DATA

DRUG RELATED INCIDENTS QPD

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Overdoses Drug Incidents Leading to Arrest DUI Involving Drugs Leading to
Arrest

2016 2017 2018 2019

Visual Alert Records Management System 2021

QPD TOTAL UCR PER YEAR

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
Total UCR Incidents

2016 2017 2018 2019

Visual Alert Records Management System 2021

 ANNEX C – QPD 2014-2016 NARCOTICS REPORT AND NEEDS

September 16, 2016

Chief McElree,

The purpose of this report is to appraise you of the State of our Drug Efforts. This report will have statistical information covering types of drugs
being seen here in town,estimated manpower hours used for typical narcotics investigation, man hours devoted to a typical case, overtime used
to investigate drug cases, arrest numbers, and some success stories from some highlighted investigations since 2014. Also at the end will be will
be a list of our needs for this department moving forward to better continue to attack this problem.

As you know, the Quakertown area has long been a hotspot for drugs on the Upper End of Bucks County. Quakertown Borough has multiple
main thoroughfares that lead to and from major drug source cities, including Rte 309, Rte 313, and Rte 663. The PA Turnpike also has an
interchange in Milford Township in close proximity to the Borough. Many of times drug traffickers use these routes to travel through the Borough
and also use these routes to bring drugs here to sell to our residents, or make it easy for our own resident to run to a source city and obtain
drugs.

The Borough also has many hotels, apartments, and dwellings that are housed by many people that have extensive criminal histories, do no work,
and often resort to drugs as a result. These lower incoome areas have been a prime hotspot for persons being released from prison to take up
residence and many of times carry on their addictions and other criminal behavior. Adult Probation has a high concentration of persons on
supervision here in Quakertown, many of which are for drug related offenses.

In speaking with Bucks County Detective, Tim Carroll, whom has been in law enforcement over 30 years and specializes in and has been deemed
an expert in narcotics investigations, points out that he is amazed at the amount of drugs coming in and out of the Quakertown area. All that
being said, I may add that he has also expressed his appreciation for the quality and amount of work our department does in the field battling the
problem.

I have also talked to persons in the District Attorney’s office that too are amazed at the amount of cases sent to Court out of this department. I
have also been told that we far exceed even some of the lower end dpeartments that are closer to Philadelphia.

The numbers of arrests since 2014 will astound you.

In 2014 there were 446 criminal arrests in Quakertown. Of those, 30 were Drug Delvery or Possession with Intent to Deliver and another 76 of
them were for some type of simple possession. That leads to a total of 106 or 23% of arrests were direclty as a result of drugs for 2014.

In 2015 there were 456 total criminal arrests. Of those, 43 were for either Drug Delivery or Possession with Intent to Deliver and another 55 of
them were for some type of simple possession. That leads to a total of 98 or 22% of arrests were directly as a result of drugs for 2015.

Finally, for the year 2016 to date there have been 346 arrests, of which 14 are as a result of Drug Deliveries or Possession with Intent to Deliver
and another 56 were for some type of simple possession. That leads to a total of 70 out of 346 arrests were drug related or 20%. Current pace
until the end of the year would result in 20 Drug Delivery arrests along with 78 simple possessions for a total of 98 drug related arrests out of a
possible 480, or 20%.

Interestingly enough, and not reflected in those arrest numbers are the amount of other crimes committed as a result of drugs. Many times,
people using drugs fall on hard financial times. Many times they resort to stealing from someone, including their own family. Theft or all the
way up to breaking into an occupied structure, commonly referred to as burglary or even worse, robbery in which the actor inflicts harm or
inflicts harm of bodily injury to another to steal property commonly use up patrol time investigating such cases.

In 2014 there were 49 theft/burglary related charges out of the 446 criminal arrests (11%); 2015, 43 out of the 456 (9%) and to date in 2016
there were 30 out of 346 (9%) criminal arrests (projected 41 out of 480)

Also, while looking through the arrest logs to compile these statistics, I noted many of the persons counted in the theft/burglary arrests are
known to be addicted to drugs or arrested for drug offenses in the past.

There is a direct correlation with the crime rate and drugs. Drug problems also cause public order crimes such as Public Intoxication,
Disorderly Condduct, and Assaults, which take up a great deal of the remaining percentage of criminal arrests each year.

Drug investigations and drug related calls have become very time consuming for officers to deal with on their regular shifts and even when
called for or held over for overtime.

Drug delivery investigations also use many man hours, consuming much of one officers time.

A typical drug investigation starts off usually with intelligence being received from a Confidential Informant or Arresttee that is interviewed,
approximately one hour. Then the information is attemtped to be verified by an officer through reliable sources such as PennDOT records,
criminal histroy requests, phone records, calls for service to a specific address, and research of calls that a person has been involved in the past,
estimated to be approximately another hour per target. Once a target is deemed valid through the first two steps, one of two ways are used to
investiogate. Both of which come from a proactive approach, usually copleted by regular patrol officers.
The first way would be surveillance of a target area, looking for activity recogninzed as related to drugs. There, an officer may try to make a
stop of a possible accomplice or the target themselves to make an arrest. Another way interdiction through surveillance and patrol activity. This
is where the officer knows the target is active in criminal activity afoot and stops them. Then through investigative techniques, tries to uncover
the drugs. This way is extremey time consuming. Sometimes days can go by without any activity that would assist in leading to an arrest, while
other times an arrest could result rather quicly.

For these purposes we will estimate the average surveillance for a case to be 8 hours to be successful.

The other way of making a narcotics arrest is through use of a Confidential Informant (CI). The informant would meet with an officer and sets
up a controlled purchase of narcotics with a target. The CI then in turn would go to the target with multiple members of law enforcement
undercover and make a purchase of the drugs. The CI then brings the drugs back to law enforcment and is debriefed. A typical average
controlled buy may take about 2 hours.

The evidence is then brought back to station. New, within the past year to save on Court time and to assist the county in saving time, officers are
being requested by Judges to field test the drugs using special field test kits instead of waiting for a lab report. Once the field test kit is completed,
the drugs are logged into evidence for later analysis at a crime lab. This is about a half hour process.

On top of field testing the drugs, if there is a case where the supplier is unknown, technology now allows officers to be able to take a DNA sample
from packaging material for drugs and submit that to a lab for analysis. This would take approximately another ½ hour prior to the drug being
entered in evidence.

Once the drugs are in evidence, they then must be transported to the lab which is approximately a 1 ½ hours round trip. Once lab analysis is
complete usually a couple months later, a trip back and forth to the lab again must be completed for another 1 ½ hours to pick up the drugs and
lab report.

A typical case involving controlled purchases from one target usually requires 3 individiual purchase from one target before charges can be
filed. Paperwork and criminal charges may be completed at this point. The defendant may be arrested, processed, arraigned and then
committed to a prison. This can take upwards of 4 hours. For a typical controlled purchase case with a CI, one officer could be looking at up to
35 man hours just for one investigation, not to include approximately another hour for District Court and then up to an estimated 8 hours (or
more) for a trial if chosen by the defendant. These hours increase drastically if it is a surveillance job involving multiple persons.

In one case in 2016, multiple officers logged 65 total surveillance man hours in just 2 days!

Routine arrests such as possession cases can pull officers from the street as well for extended times. Between answering a call and making an
arrest (1/2hr), processing/booking the defendant (1 hr), logging evidence and field testing it (1 hr), lab runs (3hrs), along with the report and
charges (3 hrs), on top of a preliminary hearing (1 hr); one officer is looking at 9 ½ hours total of work, on top of additional hours I f the case
goes to trial.

It is figured that since 2014, based on the above figures for drug delivery arrest, 3045 man hours have been put in to complete those
investigations, argeting dealers. Simple possession cases accounted for another 1,766 man hours. This does not include the court time for these
cases which preliminary hearings alone equate to approximately 276 more hours. If all these cases went to trial for an average of one day, add
another 1,632 hours.

Also since 2014, QPD has also had to log many hours of overtime to keep up with narcotics investigations. 2014 there was 142.75 hours logged,
2015 there was 225.5 hours and to date in 2016 was 237.5 hours. Using $65 as an average cost per hour of an officer, that equates to
$39,373.75 in overtime costs as a result of narcotics based investigations and expenses. This overtime is reimbursed through Bucks County at
this point, but that could change at any time and the Borogh would have to come up with a solution to continue investigations.

In correlation to money being spent, QPD has also used approximately $20,000 to use to purchase controlled substances during investigations.
This money too is reimbursed through Bucks County or recovered on seizures.

QPD has also been successful in seizing assets and property as a result of drug investigations. Since 2014 approximately $23,090 in US
Currency, 8 vehicles estimated upwards of $75,000 in value, along with approxiamtelty $6,000 in tools and electronics have been seized for a
total estimated value of $104,090. This money goes back into County funds that are in turn used to assist in manpower and equipment expenses
for drug investigations.

The types of drugs since 2014 that have been coming up in town have changed. Not necessarily for the better either. The drugs being faced on
the street are much more dangerous and deadly than what had been seen in the past. Prior to 2014, many cases regarding drugs had stemmed
out of marijuana, prescription pills, and some opiods. Over the past few years, an estimated 75% of the QPD Drug cases are as a result of the
opiod epidemic sweeping the country. The Quakertown area has been hit extremely hard by this. The opiod category includes the drug heroin.
What officers at QPD are seeing, along with many other agencies is that years ago, many doctors were prescribing pain medications, including
oxycontin and oxycodone (percocets) which led to many people relying on heroin to fill that void when their prescriptions ran out or they could
not afford their prescriptions. In turn, the area was left with many persons affected, ranging from persons young and old, rich and poor. They
then turned to heroin to get that some high and fill the void left by not being able to get or afford percocets.

QPD began a major crackdown over the past few years on heroin trafficking. From 2014 to date, of the 87 Drug Delivery or Possession with
Intent to Deliver Drugs cases QPD has charged persons with, an estmated 75% of those cases involve heroin.
QPD did make progress in the heroin epidemic and sale of heroin, which then had an adverse effect on methamphetamine use. QPD targeted
many heroin dealers making the drug tough to find here. Knowing that heroin is a downer and methampetamine is an upper, many heroin addicts
turned to methamaphetamine when they could not ge the heroin to balance out the adverse effects of heroin withdraw. With that, QPD saw a a
dramatic increase in calls for service in which persons were assaulting each other, hallucinating, and otherwise subjecting themselves or others
to danger due to the switchover to methamphetamine. Also an increase in “biker” activity by outlaw motorcycle gangs and support clubs made
an uptick in the area for the ability to make money in the methamphetamine market. QPD was able to take a proactive approach and arrest
multiple methampheamine dealers in late 2015 and early 2016.

Also of note, in 2014 and 2015, QPD made multiple arrests of smaller dealers from the Quakertown area whom were selling heroin to support
their drug addictions. These arrests sent the message out to local dealers. The smaller local dealers were easier and less time consuming to deal
with and created a noticable impact in town. What then happened in late 2015 and 2016 was dramatic change in the drug distribution field.
Intel had been beginnning to surface that dealers from the source cities were beginning to travel into Quakertown to make their sales. Arrests of
multiple person from the Philadelphia and Allentown areas were made, proving the intel gathered was true. This has not slowed even though
multiple arrests have been made as there is a stable customer base in Quakertown for these dealers to make it worth while for someone to travel
from the city to here to make those sales.

These investigations of these larger dealers and whose identities are not known to QPD are much more difficult and are requiring much more
manpower and effort to battle them. Many of these dealers are selling purely for the money and do not use, therefore they are much smarter and
on top of their game compared to a heroin user that is high most of the time and is tryingto sell a few bags to cover his own habit. These dealers
coming in from the city are carrying firearms when they are in the area, which arrests have shown.

What has also been a problem here in Quakertown along with surrounding communities is the purities of the heroin being brought here to sell
and/or the other agents being mixed into the heroin, such as fentanyl. It can be harmful if not deadly when ingested/injected by a user. It is also
dangerous for our officers to be handling these drugs due to inhalation and absorption potential that could be harmful or fatal to our officers.

A direct correlation to this was in the month of June 2016, numerous, including mutilple fatalities hit the Quakertown area. 3 actually occurred
within one day at one point of the stretch. Through tracking of stamps, the overdoses were linked to a specific bag being sold. Controlled
purchases of suspected heroin were made from specific targets in the area by this department. Through field testing, many of the samples
purchased were believed to have fentanyl in the drugs bought. A case was built against the target, arrest made and drugs seized. Since then, the
overdoses have ceased, but not without numerous lives lost. This investigation took over a month, so needless to say durting that time, other
lives were lost.

QPD officers have put in multiple hours being trained in the use of both Narcan and AED’s, both lifesaving devices. Both tools have been used
multiple times and saved the lives of upwards of 20 persons in the town over the past year.

QPD has also gained technology and training in just the past year that helps narcotics investigations. Recently the department has purchased a
computer and prgram that can dump cell phone data out of a phone that has been seized as evidence. Many of times this requires a search
warrant first, which takes multiple hours to prepare, have signed by a DA, and then seved. QPD has also become involved in a DNA sharing
program in which QPD can collect DNA and submit it to bank. Items then seized as evidence, including drug packaging material can then be
sampled for DNA and sent into the sysptem for comparison to then find a match. QPD has obtained search warrants from drug dealers DNA and
has taken comparison samples from packaging material left at overdose scenes in an attempt to link the dealer to being responsible for delivering
the drugs that resulted in that overdose or death. Many of those results are out at the lab at this point still for analysis. This sampling procedure
along with lab submission paperwork also takes up a great deal of time.

Both the phone dump technology and DNA sampling are great tools that are being used by QPD in the fight against drugs just starting in the past
year. The great benefit cant be denied, but the amount of time needed to use the tools properly is also substantial and was not a part of
investigations prior.

Some highlights over the past few years from QPD Narcotics investigations are as follows:

1. In 2014, QPD responded to an overdose call of a person at St Lukes Hospital whom was dumped by the Emergency Room Doors.
Officers responded there and interviewed the victim and another family member. The seller of heroin was quickly identified as Justin
Smith whom was familiar to this department. Smith had been convicted prior for selling drugs after an investigation revealed him to
be in possesion of over 100 bundles of heroin and stolen assualt rifles and handguns, one block from Borough Hall and the Police
Station. Smith had just gotten out of prison from that case and was on State Parole. Cooperation was received fom the victim and
brother whom agreed to call Smith back up and order another batch of heroin. QPD officers, some of which had to be summoned in
from home took up surveillance in the area where the buy was set up. Smith arrived a short time thereafterand made a sale to the
cooperating party with police watching. Smith was stopped leaving the area and found to be in possession of multiple more bags of
heroin and US Currency. His vehicle he was driving along with numerous tools he had inside it were seized for forfeiture. Smith is
currently serving a state sentence.

2. In late 2014, QPD received information about a Michael Drabic selling heroin, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and prescription
pills in the Quakertown area. Surveillance was established in the area of his residence with the assistance of undercover State
Troopers. Controlled purchases were also made to Drabic. Officers involved noted that it was like a drive thru window at Drabic’s
house when they were there watching. He would meet person after person in his driveway making sales. A search warrant was
executed at Drabics house and multiple types of drugs located. Bank accounts were also seized. Drabic pled guilty.
3. In early 2015 Quakertown Police began receiving multiple reports of a grey Chrysler frequenting the shopping centers and the
library in town and suspected to be involved in drug sales to youth. Through use of a confidential informant, controlled purchases
were made to the female operator of that car named Kelsey McCabe. After one of those purchases, police attempted to apprehend
McCabe. A pursuit entailed, but was called off for safety reasons in which McCabe was operating at high speeds (75+) through
residential neighborhoods. Officers set up a perimeter in the area, located the unoccupied car and then located its occupants on foot,
one being McCabe. She was found to be in possession of over 400 bags of heroin along with a large amount of US Currency. She was
arrested and her car also seized for forfeiture. Through further investigation, more US Currency was tracked down from a safe in
Hilltown belonging to McCabe. That too was also seized. McCabes assistant, Emily Hansen was also tracked down, arrested, and
found to be in possession for more heroin and US Currency.

4. During the time around Mother’s Day 2015, a subject was found deceased in front of a house in a car on S 8th St. Through
investigation, it was determined the subject died as a result of an overdose from multiple drugs including heroin. The resident there at
that house, Michael Hoier was a suspect. While the investigation ws going on, a patrol officer alertly witnessed Hoier make a sale of
heroin to a female. Hoier was subsequenlty incarcerated.

5. Also in the same time frame a subject for CI purposes not named was arrested for selling a large amount of heroin in the Quakertown
area. The subject was interviewed and supplied the sources of his heroin in Philadelphia. Quakertown PD along with County
Detecives and Philadelphia Narcotics Officers took the CI to Philadelphia and made controlled purchases with undercover officers
and the CI resulting in several arrests in Philadelphia of dealers that were supplying yound adults heroin in Quakertown.

6. In the week leading up to Labor Day 2015, State Parole requested assistance with arresting someone being supervised by their
department at the Best Western. QPD officers accompanied State Parole for support. The person State Parole had a warrant for was
apprehended in a hotel room there. State Parole reported signs of drug dealing indicators in the hotel room. QPD took over rthe
investigation and was able to prove the use of two hotel rooms being used in trafficking methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin.
Suspects were developed as an Angel Leon, Gerardo Oquendo, and Jessica Maladanodo. Search warrants were executed at the hotel
to uncover a large quantity of the aforementioned drugs along with a loaded shotgun suspected to be used ina shooting incident in
Philadelphia was found. Arrest warrants were issued for the above subjects whom had extensive criminal histories, including drug
sales and firearms violations. IN cooperation with Lehigh County Detectives, Leon was located in a hotel near Allentown selling
drugs in a similar manner to the Best Western. Oquendo and Maladonado with cooperation of Philadelphia Police were located in the
city in a house. Heroin along with packaging materials and cash were located there tying them to the Best Western incident. Also an
Inifiniti car was seized. All three subjects pled guilty and are incarcerated.

7. Also in 2015, QPD received information about persons making methamphetamine, which is very dangerous to produce due to
explosion and fire hazards. The suspects were idenitifed and intel gathered on them. Surveillance was conducted over a few months
and it was determined in upwards of 15 persons were involved in the production ring. Through investigation the 3 main cooks were
identified. Over the course of a few months, each cook was arrested, 2 while actually in the process of cooking methamphetamine and
one after a lab had been discovered at a death scene, independent from the meth lab. 2 of those subjects have pled guilty and one is
still currently awaiting trial.

8. In late 2015 into 2016, a large amount of crystal methamphetamine was being trafficked into the Quakertown area. Violence was
stemming from its sales and persons involved being arrested in posssession of firearms. Also outlaw motorcycle gang presence
increased in the area. Through investigation, mutiple persons were found to be involved . After controlled purchases, surveillance
and search warrants, multiple persons were arrested by QPD along Federal Agents and State Police in a select case. Vehicles and
US Currency were seized along with crystal methamphetamine. One person is still awaiting trial and there is still an active arrest
warrant for a subject involved in the case for a theft of a motorcycle that is reported to have contained a large amount of
mathamphetamine.

9. In the summer of 2016, many overdoses suspected to be from heroin and fentanyl laced heroin were taking place, many of which were
fatal. Also at the time, multiple CIs were developed and multiple controlled purchases made independently from a Carlos Reyes,
Derek Roeder, and his wife, Madison Casterlin. Reyes was operating independently from Roeder and Casterlin. Search warrants
were obtained for properties. A large amount of heroin, inlcuding blue unstamped bags consistent with the overdoses were found on
the searhes along with US Currency and packaging material. Roeder and Casterlin were subsequenlty arrested. Roeder was found to
be in possession of a large amount of heroin and cocaine concealed on his body. Reyes was tracked down to an address in Perkasie
and lured out by a CI to make a sale to them. When he exited the apartment, he was taken into custody by police. The apartment
owners consented to a search of their apartment in which bulk unpackaged heroin, packaged heroin and US Currency were found on
or in Reyes’s possession. A methamphetaine lab was also located at that location. Reyes and Roeder are currently incarcerated
awaiting trial.
Also of special note is that around the time of all the invesitgations, Reyes had been staying at the address of the location of one of the
overdoses. Through investigation and hidden surveillance camera which captured the overdose incident , Reyes was detemined to
have delivered that heroin, suspected ot be laced with fentanyl to that victim. Reyes is also charged with that delivery.
Also of special note pending with both the Reyes and Roeder cases, is that all the recovered packaging material from variouis fatal
and non-fatal overdoses has been swabbed to obtain a DNA sample from them. Search warrants were also obtained to allow officer to
retrieve a DNA sample from both Reyes and Roeder’s mouth. These samples will then be compared to the possible samples obtained
from the packaging material to hopefully prove Reyes or Roeder are responsible for the delivery of those bags that resulted in
overdose. This will be a first for this area if successful.
Also of sepcial note that since their arrests, there have been no heroin overdoses in the Borough.

10. There are also mutiple other investigations open currently for 2016. Both have taken countless hours in court orders, surveillance,
and controlled buys. Both may lead to being one of the biggest in QPD drug investigation history if intel gathered proves correct.
To continue to fight the drug epidemic and keep our community a safe place to live, QPD will need to address a few concerns.

First and foremost would be staffing. QPD currently has no one assigned to narcotics investigations ull time. Currently, officer wil attempt to
gather informants while they are on patrol and make simple possession arrests. But, the investigations of dealers involves much more than that.
Many times a simple controlled purchase takes upwards of 3-5 officers to make happen. QPD most of the time doesn’t have that many officers
working. Also the officers on the street once committed to the drug investigation, cant just then answer their radio and go answer a call. They
have to be dressed down in plain clothes and in an undercover car. Therefore, many of times the case officer must call guys in from home to try
to come in which is time consuming and makes it difficult to set up a controlled purchase. Dealers don’t want to wait around for someone. They
will just move on to the next customer. Many of times, QPD tries to set up a buy and it falls apart because we have to wait to summon manpower
and the dealer just moves along.

As stated above, 3045 hours were put into narcotics investigations in the last two years. An officer working a 40 hours work week answering
calls and patrolling works 2080 hours. The hours for these investigatiohs far exceed that number. The amount of drug cases and activity going on
in the Borough would substantiate QPD having at least 2 full time narcotics officers. Right now we have none. Richland Township PD is also
exploring the idea of having a full time narcotics officer position next year due to the area drug problem.

A full time officer could manage all the narcotics cases and look for assistance from other officers as necessary. The full time oficer could also
fully investigate tips patrol recieves from the public. Right now, QPD’s biggest weakness is to proactively investigate drug cases. QPD has
become completely reactive to cases due to manpower shortages in patrol. When tips are received about a specific area, there is no one avaliable
to go sit in that area and perform surveillance and proactively find ways to make a case. QPD has fallen back to hoping to get an informant that
can make a purchase from a particular target. Sometimes that can take months finding the right informant that can buy from a specific target.
During that waiting period, the dealer continues to sell, complaints continue to come in from the public and many lives could be lost. As stated
aboved in description #9, that case took over a month to investigatate and lives were lost during that time.

Proactivity is the key to many jobs, and police work it is particularly important and can affect lives. QPD is not able to be at the proactive level it
should be and is not at the level we strive for in many other areas.

What is one of the most common complaints that you hear from the public?….drugs. QPD has no one dedicated specifically or has the
manpower in partrol to battle this problem. And the two Detectives we have now are swamped with all their regular cases.

QPD also needs improvement in the narcotics field in education and prevention. Many of times there are town hall type meetings in which QPD
has no representation creating a thought that QPD does not care about the problem. We must find ways to get the message out that the drugs
will not be tolerated in this town, but also show compassion to addicts and try to asist them in getting rehabilitation and show the public we do
care. It is not that QPD doesn’t care, but many of times when these meetings are occurring, QPD is at bare stafing and unable to attend.

QPD also needs to find a place to secure our drug cars whether it be in the highway department or separate garage. The cars sit currently in the
back parking lot by the police cars. Many people during the day, including our local drug users, traverse the Borough Hall lot and see our cars
there. This can ruin investigations and put persons safety including officers in jeopardy if a target sees a known police undercover car pull out.
This has happened multiple times to date. We must also work on continually renewing/replacing these cars with the County or work out a deal
with a dealership for a rotating lease program .

Overall, as you can see in just some of the numbers in this report and some of the highlights of just a few of our cases, we have been very
successful as a department in battling the drug problem with the limited resources we have. As said, praise has been heard from various agencies
on the job we do. But, we need to step it up to the next level to continue to be successful. The criminals are constantly stepping up a notch,
gaining intel on the police, making the drugs more potent and enticing, and training on ways to defeat us. They are becoming smarter and have
tools used to battle us, including technology. We have not bumped it up a notch in quite come time and have just fallen into the rut of saying,
we’ll get to it when we get to it or have time. This is not that no one wants to do the job, but that the staffing and time allotment needed for a
narcotics investigation is not there. As said, the criminals are bumping it up a notch, it is now our time.

Respectfully,
Sgt Joshua C Mallery
ANNEX D – SALARY SCHEDULE QPD CONTRACT PAGE 3
ANNEX E – UNIFORMS AND ALLOWANCE QPD CONTRACT PAGE 10-11
 ANNEX F – MINIMUM STAFFING REQUIRMENTS QPD CONTRACT PAGE 15

(d) Street Minimum

A Minimum of two uniformed officers, excluding the Chief of Police shall be
scheduled to work at all times.

ANNEX G – QPD OFFICER SALARIES AND OVERTIME RATES

OFFICER 2021 BASE SALARY OVERTIME RATE ELIGIBLE FOR OT

Chief Scott McElree $165,00.00 NA No
Lt. Donald Bender $134,323.09 $100.54 No
Sgt. Harry Gross $108,541.00 $81.12 Yes
Sgt. Chris Grill $108,541.00 $79.93 Yes
Sgt. Bryan Lockwood $108,541.00 $80.36 Yes
Sgt. Josh Mallery $108,541.00 $78.41 Yes
Sgt. Steve Stoneback $108,541.00 $80.58 Yes
Det. Jeff Boehm $108,541.00 $81.62 Yes
Det. Matt Molchan $108,541.00 $80.87 Yes
Ofc. Mario Cabrera $102,213.00 $75.76 Yes
Ofc. Tyler Fahringer $102,213.00 $74.28 Yes
Ofc. Nick Filoon $102,213.00 $75.13 Yes
Ofc. Kevin Foster $86,372.00 $62.43 Yes
Ofc. Ryan Hawke $102,213.00 $74.61 Yes
Ofc. Robert Lee $102,213.00 $75.91 Yes
Ofc. Clint McCaslin $102,213.00 $74.14 Yes
Ofc. Ben Moller $102,213.00 $74.28 Yes
Ofc. Ryan Naugle $102,213.00 $74.50 Yes
Ofc. William Newman $102,213.00 $75.87 Yes
Ofc. Mark Watkins $102,213.00 $77.06 Yes
Ofc. Adam Wolfinger $102,213.00 $74.61 Yes

Total Overtime Rate: $1451.43

Average Overtime Rate: $76.39

ANNEX H – QPD SCHEDULE 2019
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 ANNEX I – 2019 QPD NARCOTICS OVERTIME

MONTH(2019) OVERTIME COST

January $506.98
February $2,980.10
March $5,522.94
April $647.19
May $3,223.87
June $1,484.23
July $1,689.19
August $377.17
September $1,926.41
October $1,876.43
November $2,397.56
December $2,039.78

Total $24,671.85