5

UNIT
ONE PLANET
LEARNING OUTCOMES IN THIS UNIT Video: Getting started
● Use photos to predict the content of a text Watch the teenagers
● Listen to a conversation for specific information talking about recycling
● React to news WATCH and answer the question.
● Design and write a fundraising poster

Vocabulary
Rubbish and recycling
1 Look at the bar graph. Which of these kinds of rubbish
do you recycle? Listen and repeat the words in blue. 0.00

What’s in our rubbish?

organic waste
organic waste (food and garden waste)
30%
paper and cardboard (newspapers, cardboard boxes)
28%
plastic (food containers, plastic bags) paper and cardboard
11%
glass (jars, bottles)
8% plastic
metal (tins, aluminium cans)
7%
glass

textiles (clothes, shoes) metal

3% textiles

other (food cartons, etc.) other

13%
2 Look at the words below. What materials are these containers
made of? Write sentences.
• bottle ​• box ​• can ​• carton ​• ​jar ​• ​tin
a box of eggs
Jars are made of glass. a carton of milk
some bananas
3 Look at the shopping list on the right. What type of rubbish a can of cola
will it create in the next few days? a bottle of shampoo
a tin of soup
4 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. a box of breakfast cereal
a magazine
1 What do you usually recycle at home? And at school?
2 What can you recycle in your town? What can’t you recycle? A box of eggs = cardboard and
3 Do you buy any recycled products? What? organic waste

Vocabulary basics  Advance your vocabulary Workbook page 106 Study guide page 103 49

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 Reading
An online news story HOME ARTICLES FORUMS

LEARNING OUTCOME

DRASTIC PLASTIC:
✔✔Use photos to predict the content of a text

1 Look at the photos in the news story. What

do you think the story will be about? Then
read, listen and check your answers. 0.00

2 Read the text again and choose the

correct answers. Can you see all these
1 Turtles eat fragments of plastic because small bits of plastic?
they look like… They are often found
a) jellyfish. in the stomachs of
b) fish. turtles. Like many
c) fish eggs. sea creatures, turtles
confuse plastic with
2 Plastic rubbish…
food. In the ocean,
a) kills a million birds every year.
plastic bags look
b) kills hermit crabs.
similar to jellyfish, and
c) doesn’t affect baby turtles.
small pieces of plastic
3 Around the world, people throw away… can look like fish eggs.
a) a million plastic bottles a minute.
b) more plastic bottles than bags. According to Greenpeace, more than 100,000 sea
c) 200 million tonnes of plastic a year. creatures and a million sea birds die every year
after eating plastic or getting trapped in plastic
4 Plastic rubbish will…
rubbish. Sometimes, when baby turtles get trapped
a) decompose in a million years.
in plastic the shape of their shell changes when
b) disappear naturally over time.
they grow. Some sea creatures make their homes
c) be more common than fish by 2050.
in plastic rubbish, such as the hermit crabs that live
on polluted Pacific beaches.
3 Look at figures in a)–e) below. Find them in
the text and write a sentence to show what
each number refers to in your own words.
YOUR COMMENTS  (501)
100,000  Plastic rubbish kills over 100,000
sea creatures every year. Ecoboy23  5 mins ago
a) 300 million d) 100 million This is shocking – why won’t different
b) 10% e) 8–12 weeks countries work together to clean up the
c) 7 million oceans? People might not want to take
responsibility for it but we can’t deny that
4 Words in context  Find words or phrases in this is a man-made problem!
the text that mean… Like  Comment  Share
1 being unable to escape from
2 the hard part on the back of a turtle
3 finish, arrive (phrasal verb)
4 a place in the ground to put rubbish
5 a bad situation caused by humans
6 impossible to destroy by human means

5 Read the text again. Answer the questions.

1 Who expresses an opinion, Ecoboy23 or
GreenGirl?
2 What will GreenGirl do?
3 What never decomposes?
4 How many tonnes of plastic pollute the
ocean each year?
50 The longer read Resource centre

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 5

UNIT
DID YOU KNOW? 6 Read the text again and answer the
Factories produce 100 million tonnes of questions.
plasticLOGIN
every year, and Search
10% of it ends up in
the sea. 1 What evidence do we have that plastic
can kill turtles?
2 What other damage can plastic do to
sea creatures?
3 Why is plastic more problematic that
other types of waste?
4 Why do we need to clean up the
oceans?
5 How can we personally help to resolve
Every year, the world produces more than this problem?
300 million tonnes of plastic! In the next minute
while you’re reading this paragraph, people around 7 Word builder  Read the information. Is
the globe will use more than a million plastic your language similar?
bags and they’ll throw away more than a million
plastic bottles. Where will all this plastic end up? CONTAINERS
About 10% of it will be recycled, and some will go We use many compound nouns with
to landfill, but a lot of it will end up polluting the containers. Notice how the formation
oceans. Experts estimate that there are already with of changes the meaning:
200 million tonnes of plastic in the world’s oceans, a teacup = a cup used for tea
and this will increase by about 7 million tonnes a cup of tea = a cup with tea in it
every year.
Because plastic isn’t biodegradable it won’t 8 Work in pairs. Make a list of the rubbish
decompose naturally, so all the plastic that we have you can find in your school. Which items
now in the world will exist forever. That means we’ll can be recycled?
need to clean up the oceans if we want to protect
our sea creatures. Better still, if we don’t use so CRITICAL THINKING
much plastic, it won’t end up in the ocean! Experts
are warning that if we don’t take urgent action, there Develop an opinion
might be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050. Think about your reaction to the article.
• What shocks you most?
• What do you want to say about this?
Write a comment Search comments Write a post for the ‘Your comments’
section with your opinions or intentions.
GreenGirl  2 hrs ago
I’ll definitely put plastic in the recycling
bin after reading this. And I won’t use so
many plastic bags! WEB QUEST
Like  Comment  Share Look up the ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch’
to find out more about marine life and the
problems of plastic pollution in the oceans.
HOW LONG UNTIL IT’S DECOMPOSED?
1 Plan  Think of key questions to answer
organic waste 2–8 weeks with: What? Where? When? How (big)?
paper 5–10 weeks 2 Investigate  Find websites and video
cardboard box 8–12 weeks clips. Bookmark the most interesting
pages.
aluminium can 200–500 years
3 Share  Tell the rest of the class what you
glass jar 1 million years have learnt.
Styrofoam cup
 ill never decompose
w TIP!  To find news stories from
plastic bag
(plastic is non-biodegradable) different countries, try using local
plastic bottle
search engines. For example, for
Australia: bing.com.au, google.au,
yahoo.com.au

51

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 Grammar 3 Copy and complete the sentences with a result
for each situation.
First conditional If we use public transport, the air will be cleaner.
Video: Flipped classroom 1 If we contaminate our drinking water, …
Watch the grammar 2 If people always have to pay for plastic bags, …
presentation and 3 If we don’t take action soon, …
WATCH
do the task.
4 Work in pairs. Ask and answer about your ideas
in exercise 3.
What will happen if we take action now?
1 Look at the table. Then copy and complete rules If we take action now, the ocean will
a)–c) with three of the options in 1)–4) below. be cleaner.
1 first
2 second will and might
3 will / won’t + infinitive
4 the present simple 5 Look at the table. Then copy and complete
rules a) and b) with possible or definite.
first conditional
We use the first conditional to talk about will / won’t
possible situations and their results in the + People will recycle 10% of the plastic.
present or in the future. – We won’t use so many plastic bags.
situation result might / might not
If we use less plastic, it won’t end up in the + We might see more plastic than fish in
ocean. the ocean by 2050.
result situation – The fish might not survive.
The problem will if we don’t take a) We use will or won’t when we’re sure about
get worse action. something in the future – it’s …
a) We use … in the situation. b) We use might (not) when we aren’t sure
b) We use … in the result. about something – it’s …
c) We use a comma after the situation when it
is the … part of the sentence. 6 Copy and complete the sentences with will /
won’t or might / might not and the verbs in
ANALYSE brackets.
In your language, are the verb forms in first 1 Scientists … (invent) a type of
conditional sentences the same as in English? biodegradable plastic in the future.
2 I think people … (recycle) more in ten years.
3 It … (be) safe to swim in the ocean in 2050.
2 Copy and complete the sentences with the first 4 We definitely … (be) at school next Sunday.
conditional form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it … (exist) 7 Write questions with Will…? Use words from A,
forever. B and C. Work in pairs to ask and answer your
2 Sea creatures will eat plastic if it … (look) questions.
like food.
A B C
3 The amount of plastic in the ocean …
(increase) if we don’t take action now. you go to California in the future?
4 If people … (not take) responsibility for the your family be hotter next year?
problem, we won’t be able to solve it. the world recycle more in ten years?
5 If people … (pay) for plastic bags, they will
recycle more. Will you go to California next year?
I’m not sure. We might!

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 5

UNIT
Vocabulary and Listening
The environment: word families (verbs and nouns)
LEARNING OUTCOME
✔✔Listen to a conversation for specific information

Digital vocabulary flashcards

Do the matching exercise to create ​creation ​destroy ​destruction ​disappearance ​
discover the new vocabulary. emissions ​pollution ​recycle ​reduce

1 Read the text. Listen and repeat the 3 Word builder  Read the information. Then copy and
words in blue. How can people reduce complete the table with the blue words from exercise 1.
their carbon footprint? 0.00
Word families Verbs Nouns
Let’s reduce our Word families are create creation
groups of words
carbon footprint! with a common
emit (1) …
root. They can be disappear (2) …
1 What is a carbon footprint? verbs, nouns or destroy (3) …
It’s the impact of our lifestyle on the adjectives: create, (4) … recycling
environment. It’s called a carbon creation, creative (5) … reduction
footprint because it’s related to the
create ​creation ​ pollute (6) …
carbon dioxide that we create.
creative
2 …
CO2 emissions are a problem
because they contribute to global 4 Read the quiz and answer the questions.
warming. The consequences of global
warming include climate change, the
disappearance of coastal areas and CARBON FOOTPRINT QUIZ
Calculate your total CO2 emissions.
the destruction of animal habitats.
3 …
We can reduce our CO2 emissions
1


How do you get to school?
walk  cycle  car  bus ​ train
in many ways. For example, we can
use fewer fossil fuels for transport
and heating. We can also recycle
2


Do you turn off the TV or leave it on standby?
turn it off  leave it on standby

3
more – this will reduce rubbish How many baths or showers do you have every week?
and pollution. … baths  … showers
4 …
Go online and take the Carbon 4


What do you recycle at home?
paper  plastic  tins ​ cans​ ​ cartons 
Footprint Quiz! glass  other

2 Match questions a)–c) with 2–4 in 5

How do you usually travel on holiday?
car  bus  train  plane  ferry
the text.
a) How can I calculate my carbon 5 Listen to Dan and Sandra discussing the quiz results.
footprint? Answer the questions. 0.00
b) Why is carbon dioxide a problem?
c) How can we create less CO2? 1 What are Dan’s answers?
2 What is Dan’s total CO2 per year?
3 What don’t Dan’s family recycle?
4 Where do Dan’s aunt and uncle live?

Vocabulary basics  Advance your vocabulary Workbook page 106 53

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 Life skills Steve Jobs (1955–2011), founder of Apple,

FACT!
Prioritizing prioritized the most important tasks by
asking himself this question:
1 Read the text. If you follow this advice, what ‘If today were the last day of my life, would
will you have at the end of the final step? I want to do what I am about to do today?’

HOW TO PRIORITIZE FOR A GREENER LIFE

STEP 1 IMAGINE HOW THINGS COULD BE BETTER STEP 3 CLASSIFY YOUR IDEAS
We would have a greener world if we … a) things that we can do now
saved water b) things that we can plan for
saved energy    We would have a the future
produced less rubbish better world if we all c) ideas that we need to
produced renewable energy saved water! research more
created a greener environment

STEP 2 BRAINSTORM THE WAYS YOU COULD ACHIEVE

THESE IMPROVEMENTS
   If we switched
put solar panels
on the roof off our computers
recycle paper and glass at night, we would
plant tre    We could switch off
es save energy!
walk or cycle to unnecessary lights now!
school
turn off taps
mputers
switch off our co STEP 4 REVIEW YOUR IDEAS
Make a list of the actions you
are going to take, with the most
important first!

   I’m going to cycle to school!

2 Words in context ​Find these words in the text. What do 4 Your school wants to become more
they mean? environmentally friendly this year.
Work in groups to think of things you
renewable ​recycle ​research ​review
can improve.

3 Match results 1–4 with situations a)–d). Write 5 Use your prioritizing skills to create an
sentences. action plan.
1 We would save water Prioritizing in four simple steps
2 We would produce less rubbish 1 Imagine the situation you want
3 We would produce renewable energy to achieve.
4 We would save energy 2 Brainstorm the ways you could
a) if we recycled more. achieve it.
b) if we used solar panels. 3 Classify your ideas.
c) if we turned off the taps. 4 Review your ideas and write an
d) if we walked or cycled to school. action plan.
1–c  We would save water if we turned off the taps.
54

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 5

UNIT
Grammar Grammar in context:
Second conditional Literature
1 Look at the table. Then choose the correct
4 Read the text and choose the correct words.
words to complete rules a)–c).
5 Listen and check your answers. 0.00
second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about
hypothetical situations and their results. Robinson
situation result Crusoe
If we switched off we would save energy.
our computers, by Daniel Defoe
result situation
 STRANDED ON A
We would have a if we produced less
DESERT ISLAND!
greener world rubbish.
a) We use the past simple / would + infinitive What (1) would / do
in the if part of the sentence. you do if you were
b) We use the past simple / would + infinitive stranded on a desert
in the result part of the sentence. island? Would you
c) We use a comma when the situation is the (2) can / be able
first / second part of the sentence. to survive?
This is what happens to
2 Choose the correct answers. Robinson Crusoe. He knows that he won’t
1 If I have / had more money, I’d use some to survive if he (3) doesn’t / didn’t learn to
help protect the environment. live on the island, so he builds a house,
2 The world would need less energy if hunts for food and makes a calendar. He
everybody ride / rode a bike. hopes that someone will (4) find / to find
3 The oceans would be cleaner if people him one day, but he knows that he might
don’t pollute / didn’t pollute them. (5) dying / die alone on the island.
4 Animals wouldn’t become extinct if we ‘Life would be better if I (6) have / had
protect / protected their habitats. a companion,’ he thinks. Years later, this
5 You produce / would produce less waste if happens! He calls his new friend ‘Friday’
you recycled your rubbish. because he appeared on a Friday. They
have lots of adventures together.
3 Copy and complete the text with the second
conditional form of the verbs in brackets. I’d (7) recommend / recommending
this book – you’ll enjoy it if you (8) like /
will like classic adventure stories.
T he problem of global
warming would improve
if we all (1) … (do)
something to reduce it! LITERATURE TASK
For example, if we all The British writer Daniel Defoe had an
(2) … (turn off) our mobile adventurous life. He was an author, but
phone chargers at night, also a soldier, a spy, a fugitive and a
we’d save a lot of energy. And convict! Research the answers to these
we (3) … (save) a lot of water if we all questions:
(4) … (turn off) the tap when cleaning our teeth. • When was he born?
If we (5) … (recycle) more, less rubbish (6) … (go) • Where did he get the idea for
to landfill sites. And if we (7) … (cycle) more, Robinson Crusoe?
our parents (8) … (not need) to use their cars so
often. Let’s make a difference!

Grammar basics  Grammar reference Workbook page 92 Pronunciation page 125 55

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 In the news
INTEGRATED SKILLS
I read an amazing story in the
LEARNING OUTCOME news yesterday. Have you seen any
✔✔React to news interesting news stories recently?

TASK Talk about a news story

1 2 3 4 5
Understand a Practise a Read a Write a Present a
news story dialogue news story dialogue dialogue
Communication kit
•  Did you hear about …? ​•  No, what happened? ​•  Apparently, … ​
•  Really? That’s great / terrible news. ​•  It says here that … ​
•  It’s not something that happens every day!

WATCH THE VIDEO

Did you hear about that Harley-Davidson they No, what happened?
found on (1) … in Canada?
Apparently, it disappeared in the Japanese Really? That’s great news. But I guess it’ll be a
(2) … , and appeared in Canada a year later. bit rusty!
Well, they’ve found the owner, and he asked Good for him! I bet they’ll find plenty more
them to (3)… things too.
Yeah, it says here that there are still loads Hmm, what would you do if you found a Harley-
of things floating in the (4) … Davidson on the beach?
I don’t know – it’s not something that happens No, that’s true!
every day!

1 Listen 2 Speak
1 Listen to the dialogue. What did they find 3 Pronunciation  Listen and repeat these phrases
in Canada? Where did it come from? 0.00 from the dialogue. Notice how the contractions in
red are pronounced. 0.00
2 Listen again and choose the correct words 1 I guess it’ll be a bit rusty.
for 1–4 in the dialogue. 2 They’ve found the owner.
3 I bet they’ll find plenty more things too.
1 a beach / an island
4 I don’t know.
2 hurricane / tsunami
3 recycle it / put it in a museum
4 Listen again and repeat the dialogue. Pay attention
4 ocean / sea
to the pronunciation of the phrases in exercise 3.

56
Advance your listening Resource centre

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 5

UNIT
3 Read 6 Words in context ​Find words 1–4 in the
texts. Are they nouns or verbs? Match them
5 News stories  Match the events 1–4 with the true to definitions a)–d).
news stories A and B. 1 slip
2 throat
1 Somebody survived a dangerous situation.
3 sewer
2 People’s actions created an environmental
4 wet wipes
issue.
3 A friendly act almost killed somebody. a) fall from your hands
4 In the end, the problem had a positive b) underground pipe or tunnel which
environmental result. carries human waste
c) the area at the back of your mouth
NEWS d) wet pieces of paper used for cleaning
A

4 Write
FATBERG SINKS
7 Choose a news story from exercise 5. Make
Workers finished removing a 250-metre
notes to answer these questions:
long ‘fatberg’ from a London sewer
yesterday. The fatberg – a solid • Who?
• When?
mass made up mostly of wet wipes
• Where?
which people had thrown away down • What happened?
toilets, had blocked the sewers below
Whitechapel for months. It has taken 8 Prepare a new dialogue discussing the
workers nine weeks to remove it. The news story. Use the dialogue on page 56
massive pile of waste weighs more and your notes from exercise 7 to help you.
than 130 tonnes – nearly as much Did you hear No, what
as a blue whale. Happily, most of the about …? happened?
fatberg will be converted into fuel
and biodiesel.
5 Present
9 Work in pairs. Take turns to practise your
B dialogues. Then present them to the class.

Near fatal fish kiss D

 id you hear about …?

INTEGRATED SKILLS
No, what happened?
Sam Quilliam, 28, was fishing with friends
in Dorset last week, when he caught a Make a video dialogue REC
14cm-long fish. It was too small to keep,   Reacting to news
so he decided to throw it back. Inspired 1 Choose a different news story.
by a popular TV show, he decided to give 2 Write the dialogue. Remember
it a quick kiss first. However, as he put the to include phrases from the
fish to his lips, it slipped from his hands Communication kit.
and jumped into his mouth and down into 3 Practise your dialogue in pairs.
his throat! Sam stopped breathing, but 4 Record your dialogue.
Emergency Services gave his friends first 5 Present your video dialogue to the class.
aid instructions until paramedics arrived
and saved him. Sam still fishes, but his
fish-kissing days are a thing of the past!

57
Integrated skills Resource Centre page 000

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 Writing 3 Read the poster again and replace the
underlined words with the synonyms in
A fundraising poster exercise 2.
LEARNING OUTCOME
4 Focus on content  Match steps a)­–c) with
✔✔Design and write a fundraising poster
sections 1–3 in the poster.
1 Read the poster and answer the questions. a) Solution: the action we are taking
b) Appeal: the help we are asking for
1 How many people around the world haven’t
c) Problem: the situation we want to change
got clean drinking water?
2 Why are the students of Fairview School
5 Design and write a fundraising poster to help
collecting money?
save the population of bees.
3 How many children die every day because of
diseases from contaminated water?
Writing kit
MARCH World Water Day 1 Plan your poster. Use this information:
22
1 Did you know that more than
Facts
a billion people around the world There are about 20,000
haven’t got access to safe water? different types of bees
They have to walk a long way to in the world.
obtain drinking water, and the
Bees help us to cultivate food.
water they collect there is often
dirty and unsafe. In the developing The number of bees has decreased
world, 80% of diseases are the rapidly due to destruction of their habitat.
result of drinking polluted water. Bee decline is very serious: without them,
there is a risk of famine in the future.
2 Here at Fairview School, we’re trying to raise £2000 to buy
a new water well in Mozambique. Will you help us to raise What can we do?
money on World Water Day? Plant more flowers = attract more bees
If we gave £50, one family would have clean drinking Buy local organic honey = less
water for a year. contamination in honey
Sign a petition = governments can help
If we gave £100, a whole village would have a new
water pump. Discus the topic at school = raise
awareness
If we gave £2000, thousands of people would have clean,
safe water from a new water well.

3
Please give generously to help us reach
our goal. If we don’t take action, 4000
children around the world will continue 2 Write your poster. Use the model and the
to die every day from diseases caused ideas from your plan.
by contaminated water.
Thank you! 3 Useful phrases
Did you know that … ?
Here at … School, we’re trying to raise …
2 Focus on language  Look at the information. Do Will you help us to … ?
these words have different synonyms in your If we gave … we could / would ...
language? Please give generously to …
Using synonyms 4 Check your writing.
Use a variety of words to make your writing
more interesting, and to avoid repetition. 4 synonyms to add variety
You can use a dictionary to find synonyms. 4 first and second conditional sentences
nouns world = globe goal = target 4 problem–solution–appeal structure
verbs buy = pay for give = donate
adjectives polluted = contaminated
safe = clean

58 Writing reference and practice Workbook page 120

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