INTERMEDIATE COURSE

PAPER : 6

Auditing and Assurance

BOOKLET ON MCQS &

CASE SCENARIOS

BOARD OF STUDIES
THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 This study material has been prepared by the faculty of the Board of Studies.
The objective of the study material is to provide teaching material to the
students to enable them to obtain knowledge in the subject. In case students
need any clarifications or have any suggestions to make for further improvement
of the material contained herein, they may write to the Director of Studies.
All care has been taken to provide interpretations and discussions in a manner
useful for the students. However, the study material has not been specifically
discussed by the Council of the Institute or any of its Committees and the views
expressed herein may not be taken to necessarily represent the views of the
Council or any of its Committees.
Permission of the Institute is essential for reproduction of any portion of this
material.

© The I nstitute of Chartered Accountants of India

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission, in writing, from
the publisher.
Edition : December, 2020

Website : www.icai.org

E-mail : bosnoida@icai.org

Committee/Department : Board of Studies

ISBN No. :

Price (All Modules): `

Published by : The Publication Department on behalf of The

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, ICAI
Bhawan, Post Box No. 7100, Indraprastha Marg,
New Delhi 110 002, India.

Printed by :

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 Preface

In certain core papers at the Intermediate and Final levels, 30 marks have
been dedicated for objective type questions in the form of Multiple Choice
Questions. These questions would be compulsory and there would be no
internal or external choice. MCQs carrying 30 marks segment may comprise
of case scenarios followed by a few MCQs and Independent MCQs to assess
higher order application and analytical skills of students.

Each MCQ shall have four options out of which there should be only one
correct option. The MCQs would be application-oriented in nature and would
arise from the given information in the case scenario. The remaining
independent MCQs will be knowledge /application based in nature.

This booklet on Multiple Choice Questions and Case scenarios includes 160
Multiple choice Questions and 40 Case Scenarios including their answers.
The Board of Studies, through this release of booklet wishes to create
awareness amongst the students about nature of questions based on the
Case Scenarios and independent scenario, to have understanding of the
subject and developing the skill of applying the relevant laws, Standards on
Auditing, and Accounting Standards in the given situation. Through this
endeavour of Board of Studies, an attempt has been made to bring more
understanding and clarity in the concepts of the subject.

This booklet is relevant for May 2021 Examination and onwards.

W ishing you happy reading!

iii

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. ----------- along with other disciplines such as accounting and law, equips
you with all the knowledge that is required to enter into auditing as a
profession.
(a) Auditing
(b) Taxation
(c) Finance
(d) Law
2. No business or institution can effectively carry on its activities without
the help of proper ------------- :
(a) Audit
(b) Record and accounts
(c) neither (a) nor (b)
(d) both (a) and (b)
3. As per SA-200 “Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor”, in
conducting an audit of financial statements, the overall objectives of the
auditor are:
(a) To obtain reasonable assurance
(b) To report on the financial statements
(c) Both (a)and (b) above
(d) to obtain absolute assurance.
4 (IESBA Code) related to an audit of financial statements establishes
which of the following as the fundamental principle of professional ethics
relevant to the auditor when conducting an audit of financial
statements:
(a) professional judgement;
(b) professional skepticism;
(c) professional intelligence;

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 2 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(d) Professional competence and due care.

5. The auditor’s _________ safeguards the auditor’s ability to form an
audit opinion without being affected by any influences.
(a) Objectivity
(b) independence
(c) Confidentiality
(d) Integrity
6 Which of the following is the responsibility of the auditor:
(a) Preparation and presentation of the financial statements in
accordance with applicable financial reporting
(b) Design, implementation and maintenance of internal controls
(c) Express an opinion on the Financial Statements
(d) To obtain limited assurance.
7. An employee of Fruits and Vegetables Limited was of the opinion that
auditor of a company is required to express an opinion. On which one
of the following the auditor of a company is required to express an
opinion:
(a) Only Balance Sheet of the Company.
(b) Financial Statements of the Company.
(c) Only Profit and Loss Account of the Company.
(d) Only Cash Flow Statement of the Company.
8. The auditor of Delicious Sweets Limited was of the opinion that objective
of audit of financial statements of a company is to provide reasonable
assurance that financial statements of that company are free from
misstatements. Which type of misstatements are mentioned by auditor
of Delicious Sweets Limited:
(a) Simple.
(b) Material.
(c) Easy.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 3

(d) Competent.
9. If the auditor concludes that there is reasonable justification to change
the engagement and if the audit work performed complied with the SAs
applicable to the changed engagement, the report issued would be
appropriate for the revised terms of engagement. In order to avoid
confusion, the report would not include reference to:
(a) the original engagement; or any procedures that may have been
performed in the original engagement.
(b) the original engagement ;
(c) any procedures that may have been performed in the original
engagement
(d) the original engagement and any procedures that may have been
performed in the original engagement.
10. If the auditor is unable to agree to a change of the terms of the audit
engagement and is not permitted by management to continue the
original audit engagement, the auditor shall:
(a) Withdraw from the audit engagement where possible under
applicable law or regulation;
(b) Determine whether there is any obligation, either contractual or
otherwise, to report the circumstances to other parties, such as
those charged with governance, owners or regulators.
(c) Withdraw from the audit engagement where possible under
applicable law or regulation and determine whether there is any
obligation, either contractual or otherwise, to report the
circumstances to other parties, such as those charged with
governance, owners or regulators.
(d) Withdraw from the audit engagement where possible under
applicable law or regulation or determine whether there is any
obligation, either contractual or otherwise, to report the
circumstances to other parties, such as those charged with
governance, owners or regulators.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 4 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

11. A request from the client for the auditor to change the engagement may
result from-
1. a change in circumstances affecting the need for the service,
2. a misunderstanding as to the nature of an audit or related service
originally requested
3. a restriction on the scope of the engagement, whether imposed
by management or caused by circumstances.
(a) (1) only
(b) (1) and (2)
(c) (1), (2) and (3)
(d) (1) or (2) or (3)
12. Standard on Quality Control (SQC) 1 provides that,
(a) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit
documentation is the property of the management.
(b) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit
documentation is the property of those charged with governance.
(c) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit
documentation is the property of the management or those
charged with governance.
(d) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit
documentation is the property of the auditor.
13. As explained in SA 200, “Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor
and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Standards on Auditing”,
_________is obtained when the auditor has obtained sufficient
appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk (i.e., the risk that the
auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion when the financial
statements are materially misstated) to an acceptably low level.
(a) absolute assurance
(b) limited assurance

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 5

(c) reasonable assurance

(d) reasonable or absolute assurance
14. ………. sets the scope, timing & direction of the audit and guides the
development of the more detailed plan.
(a) Audit Programme
(b) Overall Audit Strategy
(c) Completion Memorandum
(d) Audit Plan
15. Planning is ______ process of an audit that often begins shortly
after (or in connection with) the completion of the previous audit
and continues until the completion of the current audit
engagement:
(a) continuous
(b) discrete
(c) neither continuous nor discreet
(d) strategic
16. Statement 1: The establishment of the overall audit strategy and the
detailed audit plan are not necessarily discrete or sequential process but
are closely inter-related.
Statement 2: The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that
guides the development of audit plan.
(a) only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both Statements 1 & 2 are incorrect
17. which of the following is not addressed by the overall audit strategy :
(a) scope of the audit
(b) timing of the audit

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 6 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) direction of the audit

(d) monitoring of the audit
18. The overall audit strategy and the audit plan remain the _______
responsibility
(a) auditor’s
(b) management’s
(c) those charged with governance.
(d) both management and those charged with governance.
19. Determining a percentage to be applied to a chosen benchmark (in
relation to materiality) involves the exercise of ________
(a) Independence
(b) Professional judgement
(c) Professional skepticism
(d) Professional behaviour.
20. Which of the following is not an example of benchmarks in determining
materiality for the Financial Statements as whole:
(a) Profit before tax
(b) total revenue
(c) audit programme
(d) total equity
21. Which of the following is correct :
(a) The auditor shall establish an audit plan that sets the scope,
timing and direction of the audit, and that guides the
development of the overall audit strategy.
(b) The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the
scope, timing and direction of the audit, and there is no need to
guide the development of the audit plan.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 7

(c) The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the
scope, timing and direction of the audit, and that guides the
development of the audit plan.
(d) The auditor shall establish an audit plan that sets the scope,
timing and direction of the audit, and that there is no need to
guide the development of the overall audit strategy.
22. Planning an audit involves
(a) establishing the overall audit strategy for the engagement and
developing an audit plan.
(b) establishing the overall audit plan for the engagement and
developing an audit strategy.
(c) establishing the overall audit plan for the engagement
(d) developing an audit strategy.
23. When planning the audit,
(a) the auditor considers what would make the financial information
materially misstated.
(b) the auditor need not consider what would make the financial
information materially misstated.
(c) the auditor need not consider what would make the financial
information materially misstated at planning stage
(d) the auditor needs to consider what would make the financial
information materially misstated while conducting audit only
24. SA 320 on “Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit” requires
that an auditor
(a) should not consider materiality and its relationship with audit risk
while conducting an audit.
(b) should consider materiality and its relationship with audit risk
while conducting an audit.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 8 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) should not consider materiality but should consider its

relationship with audit risk while conducting an audit.
(d) should consider materiality but need not consider its relationship
with audit risk while conducting an audit.
25. Which of the following is true:
(a) The internal audit plan should be comprehensive enough to
ensure that it helps in achieving of the above overall objectives
of an internal audit.
(b) The internal audit plan should, generally be consistent with the
goals and objectives of the internal audit function as listed out
in the internal audit charter as well as the goals and objectives
of the organisation.
(c) In case the entire internal audit or the particular internal audit
engagement has been outsourced, the internal auditor should
also ensure that the plan is consistent with the terms of the
engagement.
(d) All the above
26. Once the overall audit strategy has been established, _______can be
developed to address the various matters identified in the overall audit
strategy, taking into account the need to achieve the audit objectives
through the efficient use of the auditor’s resources.
(a) audit strategy
(b) audit plan
(c) audit plan and audit strategy
(d) audit note book
27. The auditor shall develop an audit plan that shall include a description
of:
(a) The nature, timing and extent of planned risk assessment
procedures
(b) The nature, timing and extent of planned further audit
procedures at the assertion level.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 9

(c) Other planned audit procedures that are required to be carried

out so that the engagement complies with SAs.
(d) All of the above
28. Statement 1: A response that indicates a difference between information
requested to be confirmed and information provided by confirming party
is Negative Confirmation.
Statement 2: A failure of the confirming party to respond, or fully
respond, to a positive confirmation request, or a confirmation request
returned undelivered is exception.
(a) Statement 1 is correct
(b) Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
(d) Both 1 & 2 are correct
29. CA Vijay is the statutory auditor of XYZ Ltd. for the FY 2020-21. During
the process of assembling the audit file, CA Vijay briefed his team as to
what all changes can be made to the audit documentation at that stage.
Which of the following changes cannot be made to the audit
documentation during the final assembly process?
(a) Sorting, collating & cross referencing of working papers.
(b) Signing off completion checklists relating to the file assembly
process.
(c) Deleting or discarding superseded documents.
(d) Recalculation of Depreciation.
30. Which of the following is not correct?
(a) SA 230- Audit Documentation
(b) SA 500- Audit Evidence
(c) SA 505- Written Representation
(d) SA 560- Subsequent Events

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 10 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

31. ………………refers to the audit procedures performed to obtain an

understanding of the entity and its environment, including the entity’s
internal control to identify and assess the risk of material misstatement.
(a) Risk Assessment procedures
(b) Test of controls
(c) Substantive Analytical Procedures
(d) Observation
32. Audit documentation provides:
(a) evidence of the auditor’s basis for a conclusion about the
achievement of the overall objectives of the auditor; or evidence
that the audit was planned and performed in accordance with
SAs and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
(b) evidence of the auditor’s basis for a conclusion about the
achievement of the overall objectives of the auditor; and
evidence that the audit was planned and performed in
accordance with SAs and applicable legal and regulatory
requirements.
(c) evidence of the auditor’s basis for a conclusion about the
achievement of the overall objectives of the auditor
(d) evidence that the audit was planned and performed in
accordance with SAs and applicable legal and regulatory
requirements.
33. Which of the following is correct :
(a) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit
file and complete the administrative process of assembling the
final audit file on a timely basis after the date of the auditor’s
report.
(b) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit
file and shall not complete the administrative process of
assembling the final audit file.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 11

(c) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit

file and complete the administrative process of assembling the
final audit file on a timely basis before the date of the auditor’s
report.
(d) The auditor shall not assemble the audit documentation in an
audit file.
34. Audit evidence includes
(a) information contained in the accounting records underlying the
financial statements
(b) both information contained in the accounting records underlying
the financial statements and other information.
(c) other information.
(d) information contained in the accounting records underlying the
financial statements or other information.
35. The auditor shall design and perform audit procedures in order to
identify litigation and claims involving the entity which may give rise to
a risk of material misstatement, including:
(a) Inquiry of management and, where applicable, others within the
entity, including in-house legal counsel.
(b) Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with
governance and correspondence between the entity and its
external legal counsel.
(c) Reviewing legal expense accounts.
(d) All of the above
36. If the auditor is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence
regarding the opening balances, the auditor shall express :
(a) a disclaimer opinion
(b) a qualified opinion
(c) a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, as appropriate, in
accordance with SA 705.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 12 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(d) unmodified opinion

37. Auditor’s judgment as to sufficiency may be affected by the factors such
as:
(a) Materiality
(b) Risk of material misstatement
(c) Size and characteristics of the population.
(d) All of the above
38. The auditor has no obligation to perform any audit procedures regarding
the financial statements after the date of the auditor’s report. However,
when, after the date of the auditor’s report but before the date the
financial statements are issued, a fact becomes known to the auditor
that, had it been known to the auditor at the date of the auditor’s report,
may have caused the auditor to amend the auditor’s report, the auditor
shall:
(a) Discuss the matter with management and, where appropriate,
those charged with governance.
(b) Determine whether the financial statements need amendment.
(c) Inquire how management intends to address the matter in the
financial statements.
(d) All of the above
39. Audit risk is a function of the risks of material misstatement and
__________
(a) detection risk.
(b) inherent risk
(c) control risk
(d) business risk
40. For a given level of audit risk, the acceptable level of detection
risk bears ________relationship to the assessed risks of material
misstatement at the assertion level.
(a) direct.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 13

(b) Inverse
(c) no relationship
(d) either (a) or (c)
41. Risk of material misstatement has ________ components
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
42. Controls can be related to an assertion.
(a) directly
(b) indirectly
(c) directly or indirectly
(d) no relationship between controls and assertion.
43. Which of the following is incorrect-
For the purpose of Identifying and assessing the risks of material
misstatement, the auditor shall :
(a) Identify risks throughout the process of obtaining an
understanding of the entity and its environment, including
relevant controls that relate to the risks, and by considering the
classes of transactions, account balances, and disclosures in the
financial statements;
(b) Assess the identified risks, and evaluate whether they relate more
pervasively to the financial statements as a whole and potentially
affect many assertions;
(c) Relate the identified risks to what can go wrong at the assertion
level, taking account of relevant controls that the auditor intends
to test; and
(d) Not consider the likelihood of misstatement, including the
possibility of multiple misstatements, and whether the potential

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 14 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

misstatement is of a magnitude that could result in a material

misstatement.
44. _____________refers to a difference between the amount,
classification, presentation, or disclosure of a reported financial
statement item and the amount, classification, presentation, or
disclosure that is required for the item to be in accordance with the
applicable financial reporting framework.
(a) Misstatement
(b) Fraud
(c) Error
(d) Fraudulent financial reporting.
45. Latest and Vibrant Limited is an unlisted public limited company. For the
above mentioned company, it will be required to appoint an internal
auditor according to the provisions of Companies Act, 2013 only when
during the preceding financial year, the paid up share capital of the
company would be:
(a) Less than or equal to ` 50 crore.
(b) More than or equal to ` 50 crore.
(c) Less than or equal to ` 100 crore.
(d) More than or equal to ` 100 crore.
46. Bright and Smart Private Limited will be required, according to the
provisions of Companies Act, 2013 to appoint an internal auditor only if
the turnover during the preceding financial year would be:
(a) Less than or equal to ` 200 crore.
(b) More than or equal to ` 200 crore.
(c) Less than or equal to ` 150 crore.
(d) More than or equal to ` 150 crore.
47. Components of risk of material misstatement at the assertion level are:
(a) Inherent risk and detection risk

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 15

(b) inherent risk and control risk

(c) control risk and detection risk
(d) inherent risk, control risk and detection risk
48. When deviations from controls upon which the auditor intends to rely
are detected,
(a) the auditor shall not make any inquiries to understand these
matters and their potential consequences
(b) the auditor shall make specific inquiries to understand these
matters and their potential consequences
(c) the auditor shall make general inquiries to understand these
matters and their potential consequences
(d) the auditor shall make both general as well as specific inquiries
to understand these matters and their potential consequences
49. Because the assessment of the risk of material misstatement takes
account of internal control,
(a) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased
irrespective of the results from tests of controls.
(b) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased
when the results from tests of controls are satisfactory.
(c) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be decreased
when the results from tests of controls are unsatisfactory.
(d) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased
when the results from tests of controls are unsatisfactory.
50. Risk of material misstatement may be defined as the risk
(a) that the financial statements are materially misstated after audit.
(b) that the financial statements are materially misstated during
audit.
(c) that the financial statements are materially misstated prior to
audit.
(d) All of the above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 16 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

51. The susceptibility of an assertion about a class of transaction, account

balance or disclosure to a misstatement that could be material, either
individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, before
consideration of any related controls is-
(a) Control Risk
(b) Inherent Risk
(c) Detection Risk
(d) Audit Risk
52. The assessment of risks is a
(a) matter capable of precise measurement rather than matter of
professional judgment
(b) matter of professional judgment, rather than a matter capable of
precise measurement.
(c) matter of professional judgement as well as capable of precise
measurement sometimes.
(d) None of the above
53. The assessment of the risks of material misstatement may be expressed
in
(a) quantitative terms, such as in percentages, or in non-quantitative
terms.
(b) quantitative terms, such as in percentages,
(c) non-quantitative terms.
(d) None of the above
54. SA 315 establishes requirements and provides guidance on identifying
and assessing the risks of material misstatement -
(a) at the financial statement levels only.
(b) at the assertion levels only.
(c) at the financial statement and assertion levels.
(d) at the financial statement or assertion levels.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 17

55. When credit purchases of ` 5,100 is recorded on credit side and credit
sales of ` 5,100 is recorded on debit side, this kind of error is
called__________.
(a) Error of omission
(b) Compensating error
(c) Error of principle
(d) Error of commission
56. If as a result of a misstatement resulting from fraud, the auditor
encounters exceptional circumstances that bring into question his ability
to continue performing the audit, he shall-
(a) Withdraw from the engagement immediately
(b) Report to Audit team regarding withdrawal
(c) Determine the professional and legal responsibilities applicable
in the circumstances.
(d) Ask the management for his withdrawal
57. Which of the following is an example of inflating cash payments?
(a) Making payments against purchase vouchers.
(b) Teeming and lading
(c) Not accounting for cash sales fully.
(d) Making payments against inflated vouchers.
58. The type of errors, existence of which becomes apparent in the process
of compilation of accounts is known as:
(a) Self-revealing errors.
(b) Intentional errors
(c) Concealed errors
(d) Unconcealed errors.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 18 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

59. Which of the following is Incorrect:

(a) An auditor conducting an audit in accordance with SAs is
responsible for obtaining absolute assurance that the financial
statements taken as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error.
(b) As described in SA 200, owing to the inherent limitations of an
audit, there is an unavoidable risk that some material
misstatements of the financial statements will not be detected,
even though the audit is properly planned and performed in
accordance with the SAs.
(c) The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from
fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from
error.
(d) The risk of the auditor not detecting a material misstatement
resulting from management fraud is greater than for employee
fraud
60. The factor which distinguishes an error from fraud and other irregularity
is
(a) Whether it is a caused by officer of the entity or employee of the
entity
(b) Intention
(c) Materiality
(d) Whether it is caused by the auditor or the client
61. Reporting on fraud is to be made by an auditor to Central Government
when fraud amount is
(a) Exceeding ` 10 lakh
(b) Exceeding ` 50 lakh
(c) Exceeding ` 1 crore
(d) ` 1 crore or above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 19

62. Reporting on fraud is made by auditor to Central Government in

statement in the form
(a) ADT – 1
(b) ADT – 2
(c) ADT – 3
(d) ADT - 4
63. Reporting on fraud is made by auditor under which of the following
clause of para 3 of CARO, 2020
(a) Clause (xi)
(b) Clause (xii)
(c) Clause (xiii)
(d) Clause (xiv)
64. Which of the following is a General IT control?
(a) IT Environment
(b) Application Control
(c) Access Security
(d) IT Dependent Control
65. Which of the following is an automated control?
(a) Program change
(b) System generated report
(c) Application control
(d) Configurations
66. Who is mainly responsible for implementation of internal financial
controls in a company?
(a) Auditors
(b) Directors
(c) Employees

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 20 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(d) Regulators
67. The Guidance Note on Audit of Internal Financial Controls over Financial
Reporting has been issued by?
(a) ICAI
(b) SEBI
(c) MCA
(d) RBI
68. The standard that requires auditors to analyse journal entries in an audit
is?
(a) SA 260
(b) SA 230
(c) SA 315
(d) SA 240
69. In WH Limited every business activity was being carried out manually.
The top management of WH Limited decided to change the business
environment of WH Limited by using computer systems and computer
systems related technology to carry out all the major business activities
of WH Limited.
This business environment of WH Limited, where all the major business
activities are done using computer systems and computers related
technology is an example of:
(a) Operational Environment.
(b) Computational Environment.
(c) Control Environment.
(d) Automated Environment.
70 ___________are also known as pervasive or indirect controls :-
(a) General IT Controls
(b) Application Controls

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 21

(c) IT dependent Controls

(d) None of the above
71. _____________is the combination of processes, tools and techniques
that are used to tap vast amounts of electronic data to obtain
meaningful information:-
(a) Computer Assisted Audit Techniques
(b) Automated Controls
(c) Data Analytics
(d) Combination Controls
72. _________ are manual or automated procedures that typically operate
at a business process level and apply to the processing of individual
applications.
(a) Application controls
(b) General IT controls
(c) Process controls
(d) All of these
73. _______are the manual controls that make use of some form of data or
information or report produced from the IT systems and
applications.
(a) Application
(b) IT dependent Controls
(c) Automated Controls
(d) General IT Controls
74. _______________ is a logical subsystem within a larger information
system where electronic data is stored in a predefined form and
retrieved for use.
(a) Data Mining
(b) Data warehouse

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 22 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Database
(d) Data Analytics
75. _______ is a control deficiency or a combination of deficiencies in
internal controls that is important enough to merit the attention of those
charged with governance since there is a reasonable possibility that a
material misstatement will not be prevented or detected in a timely
manner by management.
(a) Material Weakness
(b) Material deficiency
(c) Control Risk
(d) Significant Deficiency
76. Who among the following is required to comply with Section 149(8) read
with Schedule IV to the companies Act,2013 ?
(a) Board of Directors
(b) Audit Committee
(c) Statutory Auditor
(d) Independent Directors
77. Which of the following Audit testing methods is most effective as an
audit test and gives the best audit evidence ?
(a) Inquiry
(b) Observation
(c) Inspection
(d) Reperformance
78. User Training is an activity related to which of the following General IT
Controls ?
(a) Data center and network operations
(b) Program change
(c) Access security

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 23

(d) Application system acquisition, development, and maintenance

(Business Applications)
79. The Objective of establishing Security Policies and Procedures is to
(a) To ensure that production systems are processed to meet
financial reporting objectives.
(b) To ensure that modified systems continue to meet financial
reporting objectives
(c) To ensure that access to programs and data is authenticated and
authorized to meet financial reporting objectives.
(d) To ensure that systems are developed, configured and
implemented to meet financial reporting objectives.
80. IT related risks, if not mitigated, may put an impact on
(a) Substantive Audit
(b) Controls
(c) Reporting
(d) All of above
81. Which of the following Audit Testing methods give the least audit
evidence?
(a) Inquiry
(b) Inspection
(c) Observation
(d) Reperformance
82. Applying __________ gives the most effective and efficient audit
evidence while using Audit testing methods.
(a) Inquiry in combination with Inspection.
(b) Inspection in combination with Observation
(c) Observation in combination with reperformance
(d) Reperformance in combination with Inquiry

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 24 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

83. _______________ are needed to support the functioning of

_________________
(a) General IT Controls ; Application Controls
(b) Application Controls ; General IT Controls
(c) IT Dependent Controls ; General IT Controls
(d) Application Controls ; IT Dependent Controls
84. The main advantage of using statistical sampling techniques is that such
techniques:
(a) Mathematically measure risk
(b) Eliminate the need for judgmental sampling
(c) Defines the values of tolerable error
(d) All of the them.
85. Which of the following factors is (are) considered in determining the
sample size for tests of control?
(a) Projected error
(b) tolerable error
(c) Expected error
(d) Both (b) and (c)
86. Tolerable error is the maximum monetary error that the auditor is
prepared to accept in the population and still conclude that audit
objective has been achieved, is directly related to
(a) Sample size
(b) Audit risk
(c) Materiality
(d) Expected error
87. Which of the following is source of Non Sampling risk :
(a) Human Mistakes

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 25

(b) Applying audit procedures not appropriate to the objectives of

audit
(c) Misinterpreting the sample results
(d) All of the above
88. Which of the following is more scientific :
(a) Statistical
(b) Non- statistical
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
89. As the number of transactions of WY Limited for the financial year 2018-
19 were in very large number, the auditor of WY Limited decided to use
the technique of Audit Sampling. Before selecting the sample from
Repair and Maintenance Expenses, the auditor of WY Limited wished
that entire data of Repair and Maintenance Expenses of WY Limited for
financial year 2018-19 should have three characteristics. These three
characteristics are:
(a) Simple, Completeness, Relevant.
(b) Appropriateness, Simple, Relevant.
(c) Reliable, Simple, Relevant.
(d) Appropriateness, Completeness, Reliable.
90. In random Sample, each item of population has
(a) equal chance of selection
(b) has varying chance of selection depending upon placing of items.
(c) may have a chance of selection based on auditors professional
judgement
(d) All of these
91. The relationship between tolerable error and sample size is
(a) Inverse

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 26 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) Direct
(c) Close
(d) There is no relationship.
92. Statistical sampling has the following characteristics
(a) Random selection
(b) Use of Probability theory
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) Judgmental approach
93. When significant risk had been identified by the auditor, then:
(a) Audit evidence obtained solely from substantive analytical
procedures is sufficient.
(b) Audit evidence obtained solely from substantive analytical
procedures is unlikely to be sufficient.
(c) Auditor will perform test of details also.
(d) Both b and c
94. Substantive Analytical Procedures are generally more applicable to:
(a) Large volumes of transactions.
(b) Transactions predictable over time.
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of a and b
95. ……………is the comparison of current data with the prior period balance.
(a) Ratio Analysis
(b) Trend analysis
(c) Reasonableness test
(d) Structural Modelling

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 27

96. Statement1: Analytical procedures are more useful while conducting the
audit and at the completion phase and are of no use at the planning
stage.
Statement 2 : In the planning stage, audit procedures assist the auditor
in understanding the client’s business and identifying the areas of
potential risks.
(a) Statement 1& 2 are correct
(b) Statement 1 & 2 are incorrect
(c) Only Statement 1 is correct
(d) Only Statement 2 is correct
97. What are analytical procedures?
(a) Substantive tests designed to assess control risk
(b) Substantive tests designed to evaluate the validity of
management’s representation letter
(c) Substantive tests designed to study relationships between
financial and non-financial data
(d) All of the above
98. Which of the following is not an analytical procedure?
(a) Tracing of purchases recurred in the purchase book to purchase
invoices.
(b) Comparing aggregate wages paid to number of employees
(c) Comparing the actual costs with standard costs
(d) All of them are analytical procedures
99. Analytical procedures issued in the planning stage of an audit, generally:
(a) help to determine the nature, timing and extent of other audit
procedures
(b) direct attention to potential risk areas
(c) indicate important aspects of business

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 28 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(d) All of the above

100. The basic assumption underlying the use of analytical procedures is:
(a) It helps the auditor to study relationship among elements of
financial information
(b) Relationship among data exist and continue in the absence of
known condition to the contrary
(c) Analytical procedures will not be able to detect unusual
relationships
(d) None of the above
101. What is the primary objective of analytical procedures used in the overall
review stage of an audit?
(a) To help to corroborate the conclusions drawn from individual
components of financial statements
(b) To reduce specific detection risk
(c) To direct attention to potential risk areas
(d) To satisfy doubts when questions arise about a client’s ability to
continue.
102. Auditor Compares Gross Profit Ratio with that of previous year and it is
discovered that there has been a fall in the ratio. This is an example of:
(a) Analytical Procedure
(b) Test of Controls
(c) Walk through Test
(d) Audit Sampling
103. Which assertion is common among the statement of profit and loss and
balance sheet captions:
(a) Existence
(b) Valuation
(c) Completeness

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 29

(d) Measurement
104. Direct confirmation procedures are performed during audit of accounts
receivable balances to address the following balance sheet assertion:
(a) Rights and obligations
(b) Existence
(c) Valuation
(d) Completeness
105. Where no reply is received during the performance of direct confirmation
procedures as part of audit of accounts receivable balances, the auditor
should perform:
(a) No additional testing
(b) Additional testing including subsequent collections testing and
agreeing the detail of the respective balance to the customer’s
remittance advice.
(c) Additional testing including preparing a detailed analysis of the
balance, ensuring it consists of identifiable transactions and
confirming that these revenue transactions actually occurred.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
106. Obtaining trade receivables ageing report and analysis and identification
of doubtful debts is performed during audit of accounts receivable
balances to address the following balance sheet assertion:
(a) Valuation
(b) Rights and obligations
(c) Existence
(d) Completeness
107. Observing inventory being counted and personally performing test
counts to verify counts is performed during audit of inventory balances
to address the following balance sheet assertion:
(a) Rights and obligations

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 30 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) Valuation
(c) Completeness
(d) Existence
108. Wages paid to workers would qualify as:
(a) Revenue expenditure
(b) Capital expenditure
(c) Revenue or capital expenditure depending upon facts and
circumstances.
(d) None of the above
109. During the course of audit of intangible assets, expenditure incurred
during following phase is not capitalised:
(a) Development phase
(b) Research phase
(c) None of the above
(d) Both (a) and (b)
110. Search for unrecorded liability is performed during audit of current
liabilities to address the following balance sheet assertion:
(a) Valuation
(b) Rights and obligations
(c) Existence
(d) Completeness
111. Cut-off testing is performed during audit of sales to address the
following assertion:
(a) Occurrence
(b) Measurement
(c) Cut-off
(d) All of the above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 31

112. ABC’s investee company- XYZ declares final dividend for financial year
2016-17 in the meeting of board of directors held on April 10, 2017. In
which financial year should ABC account for the dividend income:
(a) Proportionately i.e. considering 10 days of financial year 2017-
18 and 355 days of financial year 2016-17
(b) Financial year 2016- 17
(c) Financial year 2017- 18
(d) Equally between financial year 2016-17 and financial year 2017-
18
113. All inventory units held by the audit entity and that should have been
recorded, have been recognized in the financial statements. The
assertion involved is :
(a) Existence
(b) Completeness
(c) Rights and Obligations
(d) Valuation
114. Which of the following is not an example of revenue expenditure -
(a) Salaries and wages of employees engaged directly or in-directly
in production
(b) Repairs, maintenance and renewals of fixed assets
(c) Legal and professional expenses
(d) development expenditure on land
115. Useful life of assets is given in Schedule ------ of Companies Ac 2013.
(a) II
(b) IV
(c) V
(d) VII

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 32 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

116. _________are charges against profits to provide for known liabilities for
which amounts cannot be determined with accuracy
(a) Contingent Liabilities
(b) Provision
(c) Securities Premium Reserve.
(d) Liabilities
117. Which of the following is not a type of modified opinion:
(a) qualified opinion
(b) adverse opinion
(c) disclaimer of opinion
(d) negative opinion.
118. The auditor shall express _______opinion when the auditor, having
obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence, concludes that
misstatements, individually or in the aggregate, are both material and
pervasive to the financial statements.
(a) Adverse
(b) Qualified
(c) Disclaimer
(d) unmodified opinion with key audit matter paragraph.
119. SA-700 requires the use of specific headings, which are intended to
assist in making auditor’s reports that refer to audits that have been
conducted in accordance with SA more recognizable. Which of the
following is the specific heading:
(a) Key audit matters
(b) Basis of opinion
(c) Date
(d) All of the above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 33

120. The Opinion section of the auditor’s report shall:

(a) Identify the entity whose financial statements have been
audited;
(b) State that the financial statements have been audited;
(c) Identify the title of each statement comprising the financial
statements;
(d) All of the above
121. PQR & Associates, a firm of Chartered Accountants, has three partners
P, Q and R. The firm is already having audit of 60 public companies.
Now, the firm gets an offer from three company audits, out which one
is a dormant company, second is a one-person company and third is a
private company having paid up share capital of ` 90 Crores. In this
situation:
(a) Auditor cannot accept any of the company audit being offered
(b) Auditor can accept the audit of one-person company only
(c) Auditor can accept the audit of one-person company and
dormant company, but not that of private company
(d) Auditor can accept audit of all three company audits being
offered
122. Any casual vacancy in the office of a Cost Auditor, whether due to
resignation, death or removal, shall be filled by the Board of Directors
within ______ days of occurrence of such vacancy and the company
shall inform the central government in Form CRA-2 within 30 days of
such appointment of cost auditor.
(a) 30 Days
(b) 45 Days
(c) 60 Days
(d) 90 Days
123. Section 139(7) provides that in the case of a Government company or
any other company owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 34 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Central Government, or by any State Government, or Governments, or

partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State
Governments, the first auditor shall be appointed by the Comptroller
and Auditor-General of India within __________ days from the date of
registration of the company.
(a) 30 Days
(b) 45 Days
(c) 60 Days
(d) 90 Days
124. Section 139(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 provides that every company
shall, at the first annual general meeting appoint an individual or a firm
as an auditor who shall hold office from the conclusion of that meeting
(a) till the conclusion of its sixth annual general meeting and
thereafter till the conclusion of every sixth meeting.
(b) till the conclusion of its sixth annual general meeting only.
(c) till the conclusion of its sixth annual general meeting and
thereafter till the conclusion of every fifth meeting.
(d) till the conclusion of its fifth annual general meeting and
thereafter till the conclusion of every fifth meeting.
125 Mr Hitendra is acting as a Statutory Auditor of Kitex Ltd, for last 5 years.
Kitex Ltd is unlisted and has no public borrowings. Rotation of auditor
will be required for Kitex Ltd, if
(a) Its paid up share capital is more than ` 10 crore
(b) Its paid up share capital is equal to or more than ` 10 crore
(c) Its paid up share capital is less than ` 50 crore
(d) Its paid up share capital is equal to or more than ` 50 crore
126. The first auditor of SW Limited was appointed by Board of Directors of
SW Limited. One of the employee of SW Limited named Mr. Y was of
the opinion that remuneration of first auditor of SW Limited would be

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 35

decided only by the Members of SW Limited in First Annual General

Meeting of SW Limited.
The opinion of Mr. Y is incorrect because remuneration of first auditor
of SW Limited may be decided by:
(a) Only Members of SW Limited.
(b) Only Members of SW Limited in Second Annual General Meeting
of SW Limited.
(c) Only in EGM of SW Limited.
(d) Board of Directors of SW Limited.
127 The information related to four companies is provided as follows:
NAME OF THE NATURE OF THE TURNOVER
COMPANY COMPANY ACCORDING TO THE
LAST AUDITED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Z1 Limited Public Limited 160 crore
Company
Y2 Limited Public Limited 180 crore
Company
N3 Private Limited Private Limited 56 crore
Company
M4 Private Limited Private Limited 43 crore
Company
Which of the above mentioned company or companies is required to
constitute an Audit Committee:
(a) Only M4 Private Limited.
(b) Both M4 Private Limited and N3 Private Limited.
(c) Both Y2 Limited and N3 Private Limited.
(d) Both Y2 Limited and Z1 Limited.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 36 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

128. A Partnership Firm of Chartered Accountants by the name of HK and

Associates were the auditor of the company named TR Limited. Due to
some reasons HK and Associates resigned from being the auditor of TR
Limited. In this scenario who will appoint another auditor for TR Limited:
(a) Members of TR Limited in Annual General Meeting.
(b) Members of TR Limited in Extra Ordinary General Meeting.
(c) Board of Directors of TR Limited but such appointment need not
be approved by company TR Limited in the next Annual General
Meeting.
(d) Board of Directors of TR Limited but such appointment should be
approved by company TR Limited in a General Meeting held
within 3 months.
129. There was a public limited company by the name of YW Limited.
According to the last audited Financial Statements of YW Limited, the
Paid Up Capital was Rupees 20 crore. A Partnership Firm of Chartered
Accountants was required to be appointed as Auditor of YW Limited. In
this scenario, which appropriate authority would consider the
qualifications and experiences of Partnership Firm of Chartered
Accountants for being appointed as an auditor of YW Limited considering
the size and requirements of YW Limited:
(a) Members of YW Limited.
(b) Audit Committee of YW Limited.
(c) Board of Directors of YW Limited.
(d) Independent Directors of YW Limited.
130. A private limited company by the name of WS Private Limited had a paid
up share capital of Rupees 65 crore for the financial year 2018-19.
Which one of the following statement is correct relating to Rotation of
Auditor of WS Private Limited:
(a) Rotation of Auditor is applicable on WS Private Limited as WS
Private Limited had a paid up share capital of more than Rupees
40 crore.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 37

(b) Rotation of Auditor is applicable on WS Private Limited as WS

Private Limited had a paid up share capital of more than Rupees
50 crore.
(c) Rotation of Auditor is not applicable on WS Private Limited as WS
Private Limited had a paid up share capital of less than Rupees
100 crore.
(d) Rotation of Auditor is not applicable on WS Private Limited as WS
Private Limited had a paid up share capital of less than Rupees
75 crore.
131 A Partnership Firm of Chartered Accountants by the name of HS and
Associates completed its two terms of five consecutive years as auditor
of Y65 Private Limited in the financial year 2018-19. Y65 Private Limited
had a paid up share capital of Rupees 58 crore.
HS and Associates cannot be reappointed as auditor of Y65 Private
Limited for how many years after completion of two terms of five
consecutive years as auditor of Y65 Private Limited in the financial year
2018-19:
(a) 10 years.
(b) 5 years.
(c) 3 years.
(d) 2 years.
132. A director of YH Limited ( which is not a Government Company ) by the
name of Mr. W was of the opinion that first auditors of YH Limited must
be appointed by Members of YH Limited within 40 days from the date
of registration of YH Limited. The opinion of Mr. W is incorrect because:
(a) The first auditor of YH Limited shall be appointed by Board of
Directors of YH Limited within 30 days from the date of
registration of YH Limited.
(b) The first auditor of YH Limited shall be appointed by Board of
Directors of YH Limited within 60 days from the date of
registration of YH Limited.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 38 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) The first auditor of YH Limited shall be appointed by Members of

YH Limited within 30 days from the date of registration of YH
Limited.
(d) The first auditor of YH Limited shall be appointed by Members of
YH Limited within 60 days from the date of registration of YH
Limited.
133. ______________refers to the record of audit procedures performed,
relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached.
(a) Audit Techniques
(b) Audit evidence
(c) Audit Documentation
(d) Audit Procedures record
134 ___________may be defined as one or more folders or other storage
media, in physical or electronic form, containing the records that
comprise the audit documentation for a specific engagement.
(a) Audit File
(b) Audit evidence
(c) Completion Memorandum
(d) Audit Folder
135. As per SQC-1 “An appropriate time limit within which to complete the
assembly of the final audit file is ordinarily not more than____
______days after the date of the auditor’s report”.
(a) 30
(b) 60
(c) 90
(d) 45
136. A request that the confirming party respond directly to the auditor only
if the confirming party disagrees with the information provided in the
request.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 39

(a) Positive confirmation request

(b) Non Response
(c) Negative Confirmation request
(d) Exception
137. Auditor’s judgment as to sufficiency may be affected by which factor:
(a) Materiality
(b) Risk of material misstatement
(c) Size and characteristics of the population.
(d) All of the above
138 Which of the following is not an Audit procedure to obtain audit
evidence:
(a) Inspection
(b) Observation
(c) External Confirmation
(d) Internal Control
139. Regulating body in case of banks is :
(a) SEBI
(b) IRDA
(c) RBI
(d) ICAI
140. Which of the following is fund based advance :
(a) Term loans
(b) Cash credits,
(c) Demand Loans
(d) All of the above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 40 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

141. Which of the following is not classification of NPA-

(a) Impaired
(b) sub standard
(c) doubtful
(d) Loss
142. Engagement Team Discussions are usually done at which stage of Bank
audit ?
(a) Appointment
(b) Developing an Audit Plan
(c) Framing an Audit Programme
(d) Issuing Audit Report
143. The auditor of a nationalised bank is to be appointed by:-
(a) The Bank concerned through its Board of Directors
(b) Shareholders in Annual General Meeting
(c) Comptroller & Auditor General of India
(d) Ministry of Corporate Affairs
144. The LFAR is to be submitted before _______every year
(a) 30th April
(b) 31st May
(c) 30th June
(d) 30th September
145. In case of Frauds involving amount less than INR 1 crores , the auditor
should report to the :-
(a) Central Government
(b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) Bank’s Board/Audit Committee
(d) Comptroller & Audit General

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 41

146. Which of the following is a Non-Funded facility as sanctioned by any

bank :-
(a) Bank Guarantee
(b) Term Loan
(c) Staff Advances
(d) Bank Overdraft
147. The term “Drawing Power” is associated with which of the following
facilities as sanctioned by any Bank :-
(a) Letter of Credit
(b) Term Loan
(c) Staff Advances
(d) Cash Credit Limit
148. Drawing Power in case of a Consortium advance is computed and
allocated to member banks by the
(a) Bank members proportionately
(b) Lead bank
(c) Borrower
(d) Reserve Bank of India
149. A Ltd. has been assigned a Cash Credit limit of INR 20 lacs as against
its Book Debts furnished as security. What kind of Security creation is
it?
(a) Pledge
(b) Mortgage
(c) Assignment
(d) Set-off
150. Mrs. Reema has availed a Personal Loan for her Boutique of INR 5 lakhs
and a Vehicle Loan to purchase an Activa Scooter for INR 60,000. She
is regular in depositing EMI of the Activa Loan but has not made any

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 42 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

payments towards the Personal Loan due to low business during the
year. In this case , which of the following facilities should be categorized
as NPA ?
(a) Activa Loan
(b) Personal Loan
(c) Higher of the two
(d) Both the Activa Loan & the Personal Loan
151. Public enterprises are required to maintain commercial accounts and are
generally classified under three categories. Which of the following is not
a category relating to above:
(a) departmental enterprises engaged in commercial and trading
operations, which are subject to the same laws, financial and
other regulations as other government departments and
agencies;
(b) statutory bodies, corporations, created by specific statutes
mostly financed by government in the form of loans, grants, etc.;
and
(c) government companies set up under the Companies Act, 2013.
(d) Charitable Trusts.
152. Article 151 requires that the reports of the C&AG relating to the accounts
of the Union/State shall be submitted to the -------- who shall cause
them to be laid before House of Parliament/State Legislature
(a) President/Governor
(b) Prime Minister/ Chief Minister
(c) Union Finance Minister/State Finance Minister
(d) Union Cabinet
153. ________aims at ascertaining that the expenditure incurred has
been on the purpose for which the grant and appropriation had been
provided and that the amount of such expenditure does not exceed the
appropriation made.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 43

(a) Audit against provision of funds

(b) Propriety audit
(c) Audit of sanctions
(d) Audit against rules and orders
154. The Auditor of a Sole Proprietor Concern is appointed by
(a) CAG
(b) Bank
(c) Sole Proprietor himself
(d) District Administration
155. Every LLP would be required to file annual return in Form with ROC
within 60 days of closer of financial year :-
(a) Form 11
(b) Form 8
(c) Form 9
(d) Form DPIN
156. In addition to the audit certificate in the prescribed form and various
schedules, the auditor of a Co-operative society in the applicable State
has to answer two sets of questionnaires called as
(a) Internal Control Questionnaires
(b) Audit Supplements
(c) Audit Memos
(d) Memorandum reports
157. While conducting the audit of a local body , the auditor’s areas of audit
do not include
(a) Budgetary Procedure
(b) Expenditure Control

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 44 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Accounting System

(d) Dispute Resolution
158. After a Government expenditure has been incurred and the accounts are
closed, the Appropriation Accounts are prepared which are scrutinised
by the
(a) CAG
(b) President
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Parliament
159. Which of the following is not correct:-
(a) AS 18 – Related Party Disclosures
(b) AS 10 – Property, Plant & Equipment
(c) AS 28 – Impairment of Assets
(d) AS 16 – Intangible Assets
160. Which of the following item should not be treated as an asset, as per
provisions of Accounting Standard 26 :
(a) Computer software
(b) Internally generated goodwill
(c) Fishing License
(d) Brand Names
Answer Key

Question Answers
No.
1. (a) Auditing
2. (b) Record and accounts
3. (c) Both (a)and (b) above
4. (d) Professional competence and due care.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 45

5. (b) independence
6. (c) Express an opinion on the Financial Statements
7. (b) Financial Statements of the Company.
8. (b) Material.
9. (a) the original engagement; or any procedures that
may have been performed in the original
engagement.
10. (c) Withdraw from the audit engagement where
possible under applicable law or regulation and
determine whether there is any obligation, either
contractual or otherwise, to report the
circumstances to other parties, such as those
charged with governance, owners or regulators.
11. (c) (1), (2) and (3)
12. (d) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation,
audit documentation is the property of the
auditor.
13. (c) reasonable assurance
14. (b) Overall Audit Strategy
15. (a) continuous
16. (c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
17. (d) monitoring of the audit
18. (a) auditor’s
19. (b) Professional judgement
20. (c) audit programme
21. (c) The auditor shall establish an overall audit
strategy that sets the scope, timing and direction
of the audit, and that guides the development of
the audit plan.
22. (a) establishing the overall audit strategy for the
engagement and developing an audit plan.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 46 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

23. (a) the auditor considers what would make the

financial information materially misstated.
24. (b) should consider materiality and its relationship
with audit risk while conducting an audit.
25. (d) All the above
26. (b) audit plan
27. (d) All of the above
28. (c). Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
29. (d). Recalculation of Depreciation
30 (c). SA 505- Written Representation
31. (a) Risk Assessment procedures
32. (b) evidence of the auditor’s basis for a conclusion
about the achievement of the overall objectives of
the auditor; and evidence that the audit was
planned and performed in accordance with SAs
and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
33. (a) The auditor shall assemble the audit
documentation in an audit file and complete the
administrative process of assembling the final
audit file on a timely basis after the date of the
auditor’s report.
34. (b) both information contained in the accounting
records underlying the financial statements and
other information.
35. (d) All of the above
36. (c) a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, as
appropriate, in accordance with SA 705.
37. (d) All of the above
38 (d) All of the above
39 (a) detection risk.
40. (b) Inverse
41. (b) two

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 47

42. (c) directly or indirectly

43. (d) Not consider the likelihood of misstatement,
including the possibility of multiple misstatements,
and whether the potential misstatement is of a
magnitude that could result in a material
misstatement
44. (a) Misstatement
45 (b) More than or equal to ` 50 crore.
46. (b) More than or equal to ` 200 crore.
47 (b) inherent risk and control risk
48 (b) the auditor shall make specific inquiries to
understand these matters and their potential
consequences
49 (d) the extent of substantive procedures may need to
be increased when the results from tests of
controls are unsatisfactory.
50. (c) that the financial statements are materially
misstated prior to audit.
51. (b) Inherent Risk
52 (b) matter of professional judgment, rather than a
matter capable of precise measurement.
53. (a) quantitative terms, such as in percentages, or in
non-quantitative terms.
54. (c) at the financial statement and assertion levels.
55. (b) Compensating error
56. (c) Determine the professional and legal
responsibilities applicable in the circumstances.
57. (d) Making payments against inflated vouchers.
58. (a) Self-revealing errors.
59. (a) An auditor conducting an audit in accordance with
SAs is responsible for obtaining absolute
assurance that the financial statements taken as

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 48 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

a whole are free from material misstatement,

whether caused by fraud or error.
60. (b) Intention
61. (d) ` 1 crore or above
62. (d) ADT – 4
63. (a) Clause (xi)
64. (c) Access Security
65. (d) Configurations
66. (b) Directors
67. (a) ICAI
68. (d) SA 240
69. (d) Automated Environment
70. (a) General IT Controls
71. (c). Data Analytics
72 (a) Application controls
73. (b). IT dependent Controls
74. (c) Database
75. (a) Material Weakness
76. (d) Independent Directors
77. (d) Reperformance
78. (b) Program change
79. (c) To ensure that access to programs and data is
authenticated and authorized to meet financial
reporting objectives.
80. (d) All of above
81. (a) Inquiry
82. (a) Inquiry in combination with Inspection.
83. (a) General IT Controls ; Application Controls
84. (a) Mathematically measure risk

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 49

85. (d) Both (b) and (c)

86. (c) Materiality
87. (d) All of the above
88. (a) Statistical
89. (d) Appropriateness, Completeness, Reliable.
90. (a) equal chance of selection
91. (a) Inverse
92. (c) both (a) and (b)
93 (d) Both b and c
94. (c) Both a and b
95 (b) Trend analysis
96 (d) Only Statement 2 is correct
97. (c) Substantive tests designed to study relationships
between financial and non-financial data
98. (a) Tracing of purchases recurred in the purchase
book to purchase invoices.
99. (d) All of the above
100. (b) Relationship among data exist and continue in the
absence of known condition to the contrary
101. (a) To help to corroborate the conclusions drawn from
individual components of financial statements
102. (a) Analytical Procedure
103. (c) Completeness
104 (b) Existence
105. (b) Additional testing including subsequent collections
testing and agreeing the detail of the respective
balance to the customer’s remittance advice.
106. (a) Valuation
107 (d) Existence

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 50 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

108. (c) Revenue or capital expenditure depending upon

facts and circumstances.
109. (b) Research phase
110. (d) Completeness
111. (c) Cut-off
112. (c) Financial year 2017- 18
113. (b) Completeness
114 (d) development expenditure on land
115. (a) II
116. (b) Provision
117 (d) negative opinion
118 (a) Adverse
119. (d) All of the above
120 (d) All of the above
121 (d) Auditor can accept audit of all three company
audits being offered
122. (a) 30 Days
123 (c) 60 Days
124. (a) till the conclusion of its sixth annual general
meeting and thereafter till the conclusion of every
sixth meeting.
125. (b) Its paid up share capital is equal to or more than
` 10 crore
126. (d) Board of Directors of SW Limited.
127 (d) Both Y2 Limited and Z1 Limited.
128. (d) Board of Directors of TR Limited but such
appointment should be approved by company TR
Limited in a General Meeting held within 3 months.
129. (b) Audit Committee of YW Limited.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 51

130. (b). Rotation of Auditor is applicable on WS Private

Limited as WS Private Limited had a paid up share
capital of more than Rupees 50 crore
131. (b) 5 years.
132. (a) The first auditor of YH Limited shall be appointed
by Board of Directors of YH Limited within 30 days
from the date of registration of YH Limited.
133. (c) Audit Documentation
134 (a) Audit File
135. (b) 60
136. (c) Negative Confirmation request
137. (d) All of the above
138. (d) Internal Control
139. (c) RBI
140 (d) All of the above
141. (a) Impaired
142. (b) Developing an Audit Plan
143. (a) The Bank concerned through its Board of
Directors
144. (c) 30th June
145. (c) Bank’s Board/Audit Committee
146. (a) Bank Guarantee
147. (d) Cash Credit Limit
148. (b) Lead bank
149 (c) Assignment
150. (d) Both the Activa Loan & the Personal Loan
151. (d) Charitable Trusts.
152. (a) President/Governor
153. (a) Audit against provision of funds

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 52 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

154. (c) Sole Proprietor himself

155. (a) Form 11
156. (c) Audit Memos
157. (d) Dispute Resolution
158. (c) Public Accounts Committee
159. (d) AS 16 – Intangible Assets
160. (b) Internally generated goodwill

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 53

CASE SCENARIOS

1. M/s JJ & associates having office in Chennai are statutory auditors under
Companies Act, 2013 of a company viz. Sweet Aroma Private Limited
engaged in business of obtaining and manufacturing rice from paddy
catering to both domestic as well as international market mainly in Gulf
nations. The company has a huge plant capacity for rice extraction in
one of the states in Northern India. Needless to state that inventories
are in huge quantity in such type of business consisting of raw material,
work in progress and finished goods. The auditors want to obtain
sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding inventories.
In above context, answer the following questions: -
1.1 Which of the following is most likely correct in relation to
obtaining of sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding
existence and condition of inventory?
(a) It is mandatory for the auditor to attend physical
inventory counting on the date of financial statements in
all circumstances.
(b) Physical inventory counting may be attended by auditor
on the date of financial statement or at a date other than
date of financial statements in his discretion mandatorily
in all circumstances.
(c) The attendance of auditors at physical inventory counting
is impracticable due to time and costs involved because
of auditor’s office location vis-à-vis company’s plant
location. Hence, attendance at physical inventory
counting may be skipped and alternative audit procedures
may be performed to obtain sufficient appropriate
evidence.
(d) The auditor shall attend at physical inventory counting
unless impracticable. However, issue of time and costs
involved because of auditor’s office location vis-à-vis
company’s plant location is not a valid basis for skipping
physical inventory counting.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 54 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

1.2 Below are given certain cluster of matters which are relevant in
planning attendance of auditor at physical inventory counting.
Which of the following clusters consists of a likely inappropriate
combination?
(a) Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory counting
and stages of completion of work in progress
(b) Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory counting
and valuation method of inventory
(c) Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory
counting, considerations regarding maintenance of a
perpetual inventory system
(d) Risks of material misstatements related to inventory,
nature of internal control pertaining to inventory,
considerations regarding maintenance of a perpetual
inventory system
1.3 Which of the following is the most likely logical sequence of steps
in relation to attendance at physical inventory counting by
auditor?
(a) Observance of performance of management’s count
procedures, inspection of inventory, performing test
counts and evaluation of management’s procedures for
recording and controlling results of physical inventory
counting
(b) Observance of performance of management’s count
procedures, performing test counts, inspection of
inventory and evaluation of management’s procedures for
recording and controlling results of physical inventory
counting
(c) Performing test counts, inspection of inventory,
Observance of performance of management’s count
procedures and evaluation of management’s procedures
for recording and controlling results of physical inventory
counting

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 55

(d) Evaluation of management’s procedures for recording and

controlling results of physical inventory counting,
Observance of performance of management’s count
procedures, inspection of inventory and performing test
counts
1.4 During attendance at physical inventory counting, the auditor
inspects inventory. Following outcomes stated as I, II & III are
given below of this inspection procedure: -
Outcome I --- Existence of inventory
Outcome II ---- Ownership of inventory
Outcome III ------ Condition of inventory
Which of following statements is most likely true?
(a) Outcomes I, II and III are all necessarily established after
inspection.
(b) Only Outcomes I and III are established after inspection
and Outcome II is never established.
(c) Outcomes I and III are established after inspection.
However, outcome II may not be necessarily established.
(d) Outcome II and III are established after inspection.
However, outcome I may not be necessarily established.
1.5 It was observed by auditors that, out of total rice physically
counted on 31st March, 2020 about 67 quintals of rice belonged
to M/s PQR, a proprietary concern which had sent paddy to this
company’s plant for extraction of rice. What would be treatment
of this item in financial statements of company?
(a) The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in
company’s financial statements as per method of
valuation adopted by the company.
(b) The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in
company’s financial statements as per method of
valuation adopted by the proprietary concern.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 56 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) The value of 67 quintals rice would not be reflected in

company’s financial statements.
(d) The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in
proprietary concern’s financial statements as per method
of valuation adopted by the company.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
1.1 (d) The auditor shall attend at physical inventory
counting unless impracticable. However, issue
of time and costs involved because of auditor’s
office location vis-à-vis company’s plant
location is not a valid basis for skipping
physical inventory counting.
1.2 (b) Nature of inventory, timing of physical
inventory counting and valuation method of
inventory
1.3 (d) Evaluation of management’s procedures for
recording and controlling results of physical
inventory counting, Observance of
performance of management’s count
procedures, inspection of inventory and
performing test counts
1.4 (c) Outcomes I and III are established after
inspection. However, outcome II may not be
necessarily established
1.5 (c) The value of 67 quintals rice would not be
reflected in company’s financial statements
2. A partnership firm of Chartered Accountants, YZ and Associates were
appointed as auditor of company UV Private Limited. The financial year
for which YZ and Associates were to audit books of accounts of UV
Private Limited began on 1 April, 2018 and ended on 31 March, 2019.
YZ and Associates consisted of four partners namely Mr. Y, Mr. Z, Mr. G
and Mr. H.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 57

While auditing books of accounts of UV Private Limited for the period

beginning on 1 April, 2018 and ending on 31 March, 2019, one of the
partners of YZ and Associates namely Mr. H took up the expenses part
for the purpose of audit.
The management of UV Private Limited had adopted various accounting
policies and principles related to expenses which Mr. H as auditor of UV
Private Limited was unable to understand. Some of the issues which Mr.
H was unable to understand are mentioned as follows:
(1) Power and Fuel expenses paid for the months of April, 2019 and
May, 2019 have been included and shown as Power and Fuel
expenses for the period beginning 1 April, 2018 and ending 31
March, 2019.
(2) Personal Rent Expenses of the son of one of the director, Mr. T
of UV Private Limited have been shown as Rent Expenses of
business of UV Private Limited.
(3) Repair and Maintenance Expenses for the months of February
2019 and March 2019 were still outstanding and were not shown
in Balance Sheet of UV Private Limited.
(4) Repair and Maintenance Expenses for the financial year 1 April,
2018 to 31 March, 2019 were very high as compared to financial
year 1 April, 2017 to 31 March, 2018. The auditor Mr. H asked
the appropriate authority about the reasons for such huge
differences in amounts of two financial years.
(5) While verifying the insurance expenses, the insurance policies
were not shown to auditor Mr. H.
The above mentioned five points were some of the issues which Mr. H
was unable to understand.
Answer the following questions:
2.1 As per the point number (1) mentioned in the above case, the
Power and Fuel Expenses paid for the months of April 2019 and
May 2019 must be shown under asset side of balance sheet of
UV Private Limited as on 31 March, 2019 as:

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 58 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(a) Outstanding Power and Fuel Expenses

(b) Prepaid Power and Fuel Expenses
(c) Power and Fuel Expenses
(d) Power and Fuel Expenses Payable
2.2 As per point number (2) mentioned above in the case, the
Personal Rent Expenses of the son of one of the director Mr. T
were added to Rent Expenses of business of UV Private Limited.
The amount of personal rent expenses of the son of the director
Mr. T must be:
(a) Subtracted from Rent Expenses of business of UV Private
Limited
(b) Remain Added to Rent Expenses of business of UV Private
Limited
(c) Again Added to Rent Expenses of business of UV Private
Limited
(d) Subtracted twice from Rent Expenses of business of UV
Private Limited
2.3 As per point number (3) mentioned above in the case, the Repair
and Maintenance Expenses outstanding for the months of
February 2019 and March 2019 must be shown under liability
side of balance sheet of UV Private Limited as on 31 March, 2019
as:
(a) Prepaid Repair and Maintenance Expenses
(b) Repair and Maintenance Expenses
(c) Repair and Maintenance Expenses paid in advance
(d) Repair and Maintenance Expenses Payable
2.4 As per point number (4) mentioned in the case above, the auditor
Mr. H asked the appropriate authority for reasons of huge
differences in the amount of two financial years of repair and
maintenance expenses. By appropriate authority Mr. H was
referring to:

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 59

(a) All employees of UV Private Limited

(b) Management of UV Private Limited
(c) Members of UV Private Limited
(d) Any one director of UV Private Limited
2.5 As per point number (5) mentioned in the case above, in verifying
insurance expenses the insurance policies would provide auditor
Mr. H as:
(a) Invalid Supporting
(b) No Supporting
(c) Lack of proper Supporting
(d) Valid Supporting
Answer Key
Questions Answers
No.
2.1 (b) Prepaid Power and Fuel Expenses
2.2 (a) Subtracted from Rent Expenses of business of UV
Private Limited
2.3 (d) Repair and Maintenance Expenses Payable
2.4 (b) Management of UV Private Limited
2.5 (d) Valid Supporting

3. Mr Laxman is appointed as statutory auditor of Best Limited for the

Financial Year ended 31st March, 2020.
During the course of audit, it was found that few doubtful transactions
had been committed by finance manager who retired in March, 2020.
The fraud was going on since last 4-5 years and the total amount
misappropriated is approximately ₹ 75 lacs.
Balance sheet of Best Ltd. reflected a cash balance of ` 7 crores. The
company has taken a loan of ` 2 crores from the bank despite of the
huge cash balance with the company.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 60 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Also, Companies Act bestows some duties on auditors to report matters

to Central Government in case of fraud.
On the basis of above facts answer below questions in relation to Mr
Laxman’s role and duties while conducting statutory audit of Best
Limited.
3.1 Mr Laxman shall obtain ____________________ that the
financial statements are free from fraud and misstatement.
(a) Absolute assurance
(b) Reasonable assurance
(c) Management’s assurance
(d) Chief Financial Officer assurance
3.2 Mr Laxman suspects that cash payments were inflated. Out of
the below which could be probable reason for such inflated cash
payments.
(a) Not accounting for cash sales completely
(b) Making payments against purchase vouchers
(c) Making payments against inflated vouchers
(d) Teeming and Lading
3.3 As per Section 143 (12) of Companies Act, 2013 & Rule 13 of
CAAR, 2014; Mr Laxman shall
(a) report the matter to the audit committee constituted
under section 177 or to the Board in other cases within
such time and in such manner as prescribed.
(b) report the matter to the audit committee constituted
under section 177 within such time and in such manner
as prescribed.
(c) report the matter to the audit committee constituted
under section 177 and also to the Board within such time
and in such manner as prescribed.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 61

(d) report the matter to the Board within such time and in
such manner as prescribed.
3.4 Owing to the _______ limitations of an audit, there is _________
risk that some material misstatements of the financial statements
will not be detected, even though the audit is properly planned
and performed in accordance with the SAs.
(a) Inherent, unavoidable
(b) Inherit, complete
(c) Management, unavoidable
(d) Regulatory, control
3.5 As an auditor what conclusion can Mr Laxman draw looking at
the huge cash reserve of the company and corresponding bank
loan?
(a) Report this matter to the Central Government u/s 143(12)
as there is a possibility of fraud
(b) Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence of
existence of fraud
(c) Report the matter under CARO, 2020
(d) There is nothing to report as it’s a normal financial
decision
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
3.1 (b) Reasonable assurance
3.2 (c) Making payments against inflated vouchers
3.3 (a) report the matter to the audit committee
constituted under section 177 or to the Board in
other cases within such time and in such manner as
prescribed.
3.4 (a) Inherent, unavoidable

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 62 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

3.5 (b) Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence of

existence of fraud

4. Moon Group of companies is a retail chain involved in the selling of daily

consumer needs directly to the customer. They are in the process of
appointing an audit firm for the audit of their accounts for the financial
year 2019-20. Moon Group is a South Indian based consumer store
having a total of 16 outlets across 4 cities in South India.
Sumant & Co. is appointed as the principal auditor for the entire group.
Companies Act 2013 prescribes in detail the terms of this audit
engagement. Further, there are many branch auditors appointed for the
outlets in the other cities. The company also has an internal audit
function conducted on quarterly basis by Ram & Co. Following are the
observations during the course of the statutory audit:
(a) One of the discounts offered by the store is in the form of
payback cards where reward points are accumulated and the
customer can redeem the same on subsequent purchase. The
management and internal auditors are of the opinion that the
points redeemed are to be treated as trade discount. The
external auditors are doubtful on the matter.
(b) One of the outlet in Chennai region is in the verge of getting
closed and is only left with low value stock to be cleared before
closure. During the year, the sales were only around ` 1,40,000/-
and the auditor considers this component immaterial. All other
outlets are performing well with good revenue share.
(c) The gratuity valuation of the employees of the retail chain is done
by an external valuer. The auditor, considering the quantum
involved appoints an external auditor’s expert for the verification
of the actuarial calculation of gratuity.
From the above facts, answer the following questions by choosing the
correct answer:
4.1 As per SA 210 – Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagement, which
of the following statement is correct?

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 63

(a) Though law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the

audit engagement, the auditor still needs to record them
in a written agreement and also seek written agreement
from management that it acknowledges and understands
that it has responsibility for the preparation of financial
statements.
(b) Since law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the
audit engagement, the auditor need not record them in a
written agreement except for the fact that law or
regulation applies and also seek written agreement from
management that it acknowledges and understands that
it has responsibility for the preparation of financial
statements.
(c) The auditor has to take an extract of the law prescribing
the details of the terms of the audit engagement and
obtain the counter signature of the management in it.
(d) Though law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the
audit engagement, the auditor still needs to record them
in a written agreement, however it need not seek written
agreement from management that it acknowledges and
understands that it has responsibility for the preparation
of financial statements.
4.2 With respect to the treatment of discount on redemption of
points in payback card, what should be the action of the external
auditor?
(a) The auditor can place reliance and go by the opinion of
the branch auditor and internal auditor as they have only
done a thorough and detailed audit of the accounts
(b) The auditor can place reliance on the management’s
accounting policy as prima facie they are only responsible
for preparation of financial statements.
(c) The external auditor has sole responsibility for the audit
opinion expressed and hence he should perform

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 64 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

procedures to satisfy himself on the correct treatment and

issue opinion accordingly.
(d) The auditor can advise management on correct treatment
but cannot qualify his opinion as branch auditor’s opinion
has higher authority than external auditor’s opinion.
4.3 What is the main objective of the external auditor, when he uses
the work of the internal audit function of Ram & Co.?
(a) To determine as to which areas, what extent the work can
be used and whether that work is adequate for the
purposes of the audit.
(b) To appropriately direct, supervise and review the work of
the internal audit function
(c) Review the internal audit report and audit the areas not
covered by the internal audit function
(d) Enquire from management on the special points that
arose during internal audit and follow up on the course of
action on those points.
4.4 The external auditor finds that the branch auditor of the outlet
in the Chennai region, which is in the verge of closing down, is
audited by an auditor who is not a member of the Institute of
Chartered accountants of India. What should the external auditor
do?
(a) Since the professional competence of the auditor is in
question, the external auditor should himself visit the
premise and audit the accounts.
(b) Since the financial statement of the component is
immaterial, the provisions of SA 600 do not apply.
(c) The auditor can rely on the financial statements of that
component by obtaining written representation from
management that the branch auditor is otherwise well
qualified.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 65

(d) Since the professional competence of the auditor is in

question, the external auditor should co-ordinate with the
branch auditor and call for the books of accounts and
other explanations.
4.5 Which of these is not a factor affecting the external auditor’s
evaluation of the objectivity of the internal audit function?
(a) Whether the organizational status of the internal audit
function supports the ability of the function to be free
from bias, conflict of interest or undue influence of others
to override professional judgment.
(b) Whether the internal audit function is free of any
conflicting responsibilities.
(c) Whether the internal auditors have adequate technical
training and proficiency in auditing.
(d) Whether those charged with governance oversee
employment decisions related to internal audit function.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
4.1 (b) Since law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms
of the audit engagement, the auditor need not
record them in a written agreement except for
the fact that law or regulation applies and also
seek written agreement from management that it
acknowledges and understands that it has
responsibility for the preparation of financial
statements.
4.2- (c) The external auditor has sole responsibility for
the audit opinion expressed and hence he should
perform procedures to satisfy himself on the
correct treatment and issue opinion accordingly.
4.3 (a) To determine as to which areas, what extent the
work can be used and whether that work is
adequate for the purposes of the audit.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 66 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

4.4 (b) Since the financial statement of the component

is immaterial, the provisions of SA 600 do not
apply.
4.5 (c) Whether the internal auditors have adequate
technical training and proficiency in auditing.

5. M/s JK & Associates have been appointed as auditors of Venus Ltd. for
the financial year 2019-20. The team consist of Mr. J & Mr. K both
Chartered Accountants as also the engagement partners and the audit
staff consisting of 2 article assistants. While starting the audit work of
Venus Ltd, the engagement partners briefed the audit staff about the
audit work, areas to be covered and the various auditing concepts and
their application in the audit of Venus Ltd along with applicable Standard
on Auditing.
Various topics like audit planning, overall audit strategy, audit
programme were discussed in detail. The team was told about the
purpose and implication of various statements and guidance notes
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) from
time to time. Mr. K also briefed the team about the concept of materiality
to be applied while planning and performing audit. The team was also
explained in detail about the area where benchmark materiality can be
applied in case of Venus Ltd.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
5.1 .........sets the scope, timing & direction of the audit and guides
the development of the more detailed plan.
(a) Audit Programme
(b) Overall Audit Strategy
(c) Completion Memorandum
(d) Audit Plan
5.2 Statement 1: The establishment of the overall audit strategy and
the detailed audit plan are not necessarily discrete or sequential
process but are closely inter-related.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 67

Statement 2: The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy

that guides the development of audit plan.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both Statements 1 & 2 are incorrect
5.3 ……… means the amount set by the auditor at less than
materiality for the financial statements as a whole to reduce to
an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of
uncorrected and undetected misstatement exceeds materiality
for the financial statements as a whole :-
(a) Benchmark Materiality
(b) Materiality in Planning
(c) Performance Materiality
(d) Materiality.
5.4 Which of the following is not an example of benchmark that can
be used in determining the materiality in the case of financial
statements:-
(a) Total Revenue
(b) Profit before tax
(c) Net Asset Value
(d) None of the above
5.5 (i) Guidance notes issued by ICAI provide guidance to
members on matters which may arise in the course of
their professional work.
(ii) Statements are issued by ICAI with a view to secure
compliance by members on some matters.
(iii) Guidance notes are recommendatory in nature.
(iv) Statements are mandatory in nature.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 68 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(a) All the above statements are correct.

(b) Statements 1 & 2 are correct
(c) Statements 1, 2 & 3 are correct
(d) Statements 1,2 & 4 are correct
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
5.1 (b) Overall Audit Strategy
5.2 (c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
5.3 (c) Performance materiality.
5.4 (d) None of the above
5.5 (a) All the above statements are correct

6. Roop & Co. are the auditors of Onda group of Hotels. This is the first
time the firm is auditing an industry in food and beverage and it is day
one of the audit. The engagement partner along with his team wants to
make a thorough understanding of the entity and its environment in
order to identify and assess the risks of material misstatements, whether
due to fraud or error. The following are some of the points identified by
them on Day 1.
1. The hotel has two banquet halls. The documentation available
for verification of banquet hall revenue is only the invoice raised
by the hotel and some mail conversations on customer enquiry
and finalization of price. On audit trial, it is found that finance
approval of the transaction is only after invoice is sent to them
for accounting at final settlement. Advance paid by the clients
are not vetted through finance team. The auditor suspects a
weakness in this system.
2. The auditor also finds a control deficiency in the process of
procurement of stores. A goods receipt note is not prepared at
the time of receipt of goods. On enquiry with management, the
auditor finds that there exists a system control wherein goods

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 69

receipt note is automatically prepared and approved in the

system once the quantity and price of goods is entered against
specific vendor. This entry is on real-time basis and system does
not allow back dated entries.
3. The auditor enquires of the management as to what is risk
assessment process followed by the entity for prevention and
detection of risk of material misstatement due to fraud and error.
The auditor finds there is no documented risk assessment
process.
With the help of the above facts, answer the following questions by
choosing the correct option.
6.1 What kind of a risk is portrayed in the booking of revenue with
respect to Banquet halls?
(a) Inherent risk in the class of transaction
(b) Control risk in the class of transaction
(c) Detection risk in the audit procedures
(d) Audit risk in the opinion on the financial statements.
6.2 Which among the following statement is incorrect in the context
of Audit Risk?
(a) The more extensive the audit procedures performed, the
lower is the detection risk
(b) Greater the risk of material misstatement the auditor
believes exist, less is the detection risk that can be
accepted and accordingly more persuasive evidence is
required by the auditor.
(c) Audit risk also includes the risk that the auditor may
express an opinion that the financial statements are
materially misstated when they are actually not.
(d) Risk of material misstatement at the assertion level is of
two kinds – control risk and inherent risk.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 70 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

6.3 In the case of procurement of stores, the auditor has tested more
than one control for the same assertion. In that given case, what
should be his reliance on the control?
(a) Since compensating controls are identified, if tested and
evaluated to be effective, the auditor can rely on the
control.
(b) Even though compensating controls are there, since one
control is ineffective, the auditor should not rely on
control for this assertion and should perform extensive
procedures.
(c) Documentation in electronic medium cannot be accepted,
hence, he cannot rely only on system control.
(d) Even though compensating controls are there, since one
control is ineffective, the auditor should not rely on
control for this assertion as well as associated assertions.
6.4 In the context of SA 315, which among the following is NOT a
risk assessment procedure?
(a) Inquiries of management, of appropriate individuals
within internal audit function and of others within the
entity
(b) Analytical Procedures
(c) Observation and Inspection
(d) External Confirmation
6.5 What should be the course of action of the auditor for the entity
not having a documented risk assessment process?
(a) The auditor should obtain management written
representations on how risks are identified
(b) The auditor shall discuss with management on how risks
are identified, addressed and determine whether the
absence is appropriate in the circumstances or whether it
represents a significant deficiency in internal control.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 71

(c) The auditor should advise the management to document

the same immediately and accordingly opine on the same
in his audit report too.
(d) The auditor shall discuss with management on how risks
are identified by system and place reliance on the same
as documentation in this context is immaterial.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
6.1 (b) Control risk in the class of transaction
6.2 (c) Audit risk also includes the risk that the auditor
may express an opinion that the financial
statements are materially misstated when they are
actually not.
6.3 (a) Since compensating controls are identified, if
tested and evaluated to be effective, the auditor
can rely on the control.
6.4 (d) External Confirmation
6.5 (b) The auditor shall discuss with management on
how risks are identified, addressed and determine
whether the absence is appropriate in the
circumstances or whether it represents a
significant deficiency in internal control.

7. • M/s TPR & Associates have been appointed as the auditors of

Octopus Ltd. for the Financial Year 2019-20.
• During the course of audit, the auditor notices that there is
significant change in the number of debtors of the company. The
auditor decided to check the debtors account in detail.
• Further the company has made various provisions like the
provisions for taxation, provision for bad & doubtful debts.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 72 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

• Also, during the current Financial Year, the auditor attended the
physical verification of the inventory being carried out by the
management.
• The auditor notices that there is no substantial change in the
bifurcation of amount of items representing the liability side of
the balance sheet of Octopus Ltd. Still the auditor understands
that he needs to check the liability side in detail.
• Further the company has also recognised various incomes like
interest income and dividend income which auditor understands
need to be checked in detail.
• The auditor is of the understanding that certain matters need to
be reported under Companies Auditors Report Order (CARO)
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
7.1 ………..is a possible obligation that arises from the past events
and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence/
non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the entity:-
(a) Provision
(b) Reserve
(c) Contingent Liability
(d) Liability
7.2 Which of the following is not correct with respect to the inventory
held by Octopus Limited:-
(a) All inventory units held by the company should have been
recorded and recognized in the financial statements.
(b) Any inventory held by a third party on behalf of the
company should not be included as part of the inventory
balance.
(c) Inventory should be recognized at cost or net realizable
value whichever is lower.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 73

(d) Inventory balance as at the year end does not include any
element of next year
7.3 If the management of Octopus Ltd. refuses to allow the auditor,
to send the confirmation request to the debtors, the auditor
should:-
(a) Withdraw from the engagement.
(b) Not listen at all to any requests of the management.
(c) Consider the management’s request for refusal and
assess its validity and decide the nature, timing, extent of
his audit procedures accordingly.
(d) Agree to management request and proceed with audit of
other items of the financial statements.
7.4 Which of the following statements is not true so far as the
liabilities of a company are concerned:-
(a) Liabilities are the financial obligations of a company
including owner’s funds.
(b) Liabilities include borrowing, trade payable and other
current liabilities and provisions.
(c) Verification of liabilities is as important as that of assets.
(d) All of the above.
7.5 Statement 1: Confirmations as well as undelivered letters
should be given/ returned to the auditor and not to the client
Statement 2: When no reply is received, the auditor should
perform alternate procedures regarding the balances.
(a) Only statement 1 is correct
(b) Only statement 2 is correct
(c) Both 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both 1 & 2 are incorrect

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 74 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
7.1 (c) Contingent Liability
7.2 (b) Any inventory held by a third party on behalf of the
company should not be included as part of the
inventory balance.
7.3 (c) Consider the management’s request for refusal and
assess its validity and decide the nature, timing,
extent of his audit procedures accordingly.
7.4 (a) Liabilities are the financial obligations of a company
including owner’s funds.
7.5 (c) Both 1 & 2 are correct

8. ABC Ltd. is a company dealing in products namely chocolate and coffee.

ABC Ltd. approached audit firm XYZ & Associates for the statutory audit
of its financial statements for the year ended 31.03.2021. The Gross
turnover of the company is ` 105 crores, out of which turnover from one
of its products namely coffee is of ` 95 crores during the immediate
preceding Financial Year.
During the course of Audit, XYZ & Associates found certain delay in the
payment of the Employees Provident Fund by ABC Ltd. They understand
that the same needs to be reported under the relevant provisions of
Companies (Auditors Report) Order 2020.
During the FY 2020-2021, Mrs. X, wife of CA Mr. X who is partner in XYZ
& Associates acquires certain shares of ABC Ltd. The audit firm is of the
opinion that this may call for a disqualification for the firm for being
working as the auditor of the company under the relevant provisions of
the Companies Act 2013.
Further, ABC Ltd. also approached the auditors to provide them the
Investment Banking service to which the auditors denied as per the
provisions of Companies Act 2013.
During the course of audit, XYZ & Associates has reason to believe that
an offence of fraud involving some amount has been committed in the
ABC Ltd. by its General Manager. The auditors understand that there is

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 75

a requirement for reporting of fraud by the auditors under the

Companies Act and the relevant rules.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
8.1 After the appointment of XYZ & Associates, ABC Ltd. should
inform the auditor and file a notice of such appointment with
registrar within:-
(a) 60 days
(b) 30 days
(c) 15 days
(d) 20 days
8.2 If Mrs. X acquires security exceeding the prescribed limit in the
ABC Ltd., then XYZ & Associates shall take corrective actions
within………….days. What is the prescribed limit:-
(a) 100 days, Market Value Rs 1,00,000
(b) 60 days, Face value Rs 1,00,000
(c) 90 days, Face value Rs 1,00,000
(d) 15 days, Market Value Rs 1,00,000
8.3 Under which section reporting of fraud by an auditor to the
Central Government is required and what is the amount of
fraud:-
(a) Section 143(12), 1 crore & above
(b) Section 139(12), 1 crore & above
(c) Section 143(12), 2 crore & above
(d) None of the above
8.4 What is the requirement for ABC Ltd as per the relevant
provisions regarding maintenance of cost records:-
(a) Maintenance of cost records is mandatory, in form CRA 1.
(b) Maintenance of cost records is mandatory, in form CRA 2.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 76 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Maintenance of cost records is mandatory, in any general

format.
(d) No requirement of maintenance of cost records.
8.5 Under relevant clause of CARO,2020, XYZ & Associates is
required to report the extent of arrears of Employees Provident
Fund as at the balance sheet date:-
(a) Exceeding 9 months
(b) Exceeding 3 months
(c) Exceeding 6 months
(d) Exceeding 12 months
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
8.1 (c) 15 days
8.2 (b) 60 days, Face value Rs 1,00,000
8.3 (a) Section 143(12), 1 crore & above
8.4 (a) Maintenance of cost records is mandatory, in form
CRA 1.
8.5 (c) Exceeding 6 months

9. XYZ Ltd. is a company engaged in the development of computer

hardware. The company has purchased a software namely Zenith X in
the current financial year i.e. FY 2019-20. This software will be used by
XYZ Ltd. for the production of various hardware.
M/s. ABC & Associates are working as the auditors of XYZ Ltd. since
Financial Year 2017-2018.
Since XYZ Ltd. has purchased the software during the current Financial
Year, the auditors are of the understanding that there are certain
requirements that the company should follow as per relevant provisions
applicable in this case.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 77

Also, the auditors had advised their audit staff to give special
consideration to the expenditure being capitalized during the year and
those which are charged to revenue during the current financial year.
The auditors, M/s ABC & Associated have directed their audit staff to
check the following in detail:
• the provisions relating to the depreciation and amortisation of
assets and intangible assets and
• the applicability of various Accounting Standards applicable to
the entity.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
9.1 Which of the following expenses should not be charged to
revenue by XYZ Ltd.:-
(a) Printing & Stationary
(b) Power & Fuel
(c) Salary & Wages of employees engaged directly or
indirectly in production.
(d) Major repairs of fixed assets that increases its
productivity.
9.2 XYZ Ltd. should recognize Zenith X software as intangible, if such
software………………:-
(a) Is held for use in production or supply of goods or services
(b) Is held for administrative purpose
(c) Is held for rental to others
(d) All of the above
9.3 In case any intangible asset is not in active use by the entity ,
the auditor should check whether:-
(a) The deletion with respect to the intangible asset has been
recorded in the books of accounts post approval by the
entity’s management.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 78 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) The amortisation charge has ceased beyond the date of

deletion.
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of a & b
9.4 With respect to the provisions of impairment of computer
software, the following Accounting Standard is applicable:-
(a) AS 18
(b) AS 28
(c) AS 26
(d) AS 10
9.5 The following expenditure should not be capitalized with respect
to the intangible assets:-
(a) Expenditure during Development Phase.
(b) Expenditure during Research Phase.
(c) None of the above.
(d) Both a & b.
Answer Key
Question Answer
no.

9.1 (d) Major repairs of fixed assets that increases its

productivity.

9.2 (d) All of the above

9.3 (c) Both a & b

9.4 (b) AS 28

9.5 (b) Expenditure during Research Phase.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 79

10. M/s AB & Company is a firm of Chartered Accountants based in Mumbai.

Mr A and Mr B are the Partners of the Firm. The Firm is engaged in
various assignments including Audits. The Partners are taking a
summary of their work in order to prepare themselves to finalize the
Audit and issue the Audit Report to the clients. You are requested to go
through the following and answer the questions that follow:
• During the Audit of M/s Persistent & Co, Mr A found out that the
Firm has changed the method of Depreciation from WDV to SLM
but has not given the retrospective effect. Mr A has calculated
the Difference of Depreciation but M/s Persistent & Co has stated
that they don’t want to change the Financial Statements and if
Auditor persists they may give the effect in the next Financial
Year.
• During the Audit of M/s Dubious Brothers, Mr B observed that
the Firm had a very large amount of Cash Sales and there were
no details of the Customers to whom the sale was made. Further,
Cash generated was not even deposited into bank regularly.
When Mr B asked the Firm to give him an opportunity to count
Cash, the Manager of the Firm said that the Cash is with the
Owner and it cannot be made available to the Auditor for the
checking purpose. The Manager also declined to give an
opportunity for stock verification to Mr B.
• During the Audit of M/s Honest & Associates, Mr A came to know
that the Firm has changed its method of Valuation of Stock. This
change has a material impact on the Financial Statement of the Firm.
The Firm has made relevant disclosures in the Financial Statements
and has given proper accounting treatment to this exercise.
10.1 In case of M/s Persistent & Company, what would be an ideal
Audit Opinion?
(a) Unmodified
(b) Qualified
(c) Adverse
(d) Disclaimer

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 80 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

10.2 In case of M/s Dubious Brothers, what Audit Opinion should the
Auditor give?
(a) Qualified
(b) Adverse
(c) Disclaimer
(d) Unmodified
10.3 According to you, what would be appropriate course to take in
case of M/s Honest & Associates?
(a) Issue Qualified Opinion
(b) Issue Adverse Opinion
(c) Mention the fact of change in method in Emphasis of
Matter Paragraph
(d) Issue Disclaimer of Opinion
10.4 When the Auditor, after conclusion of an Audit exercise, is of the
opinion that there are material misstatements in the Financial
Statements but they are not pervasive, then what should an
Auditor do?
(a) Issue Unmodified Opinion
(b) Issue Qualified Opinion
(c) Issue Disclaimer of Opinion
(d) Mention it in Emphasis of Matter Paragraph
10.5 When the Auditor concludes that the financial statements are
prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the
applicable financial reporting framework, Auditor shall give:
(a) Modified Opinion
(b) Qualified Opinion
(c) Disclaimer of Opinion
(d) Unmodified Opinion

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 81

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
10.1 (b) Qualified
10.2 (c) Disclaimer
10.3 (c) Mention the fact of change in method in Emphasis
of Matter Paragraph
10.4 (b) Issue Qualified Opinion
10.5 (d) Unmodified Opinion

11. Sun Private Limited is a newly formed private limited company, engaged
in the manufacturing of solar panels. Company has appointed M/s M&S
Associates, a Partnership Firm of Mr Meticulous and Mr Sincere - as their
First Auditors. M/s M&S Associates accepted the assignment and Mr
Meticulous being the engagement Partner, started their Audit.
During the course of Audit, Mr Meticulous asked the Management for
name of the companies operating in similar business so that they can
compare the Company’s Figures. During this procedure, Mr Meticulous
found that the Gross Margin of the Company is lower than the Industry
Standard / Fellow Companies. He prepared an Interim Report dealing
with this matter and asked the Management about the reasons for this
deviation. Management asked him to give all the working along with the
Working Papers as they believed it is the Company’s Property. Mr
Meticulous advised them that he can provide working but cannot give
them the working papers as they are the property of the Firm.
Management agreed to that and asked Mr Meticulous to go into detail
and tell him the reasons for lower Gross Margin to which he agreed.
During the detailed audit, Mr Meticulous came to know about the fact
that the company dispatched its solar panels to its Distributors on
Delivery Challans and once the goods were accepted, Sales bills were
raised. Checking each Challan against Sales Invoices, Mr Meticulous
found that there were many challans for which no Invoices were raised
and thus Sales was grossly understated and there was no mechanism
where unbilled Challans were recorded or tracked. Company employed
a person to reconcile all the Challans and prepared a list where Bills are

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 82 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

yet to be sent to the Customers. In addition, Company was also asked

to seek Confirmation of Balances from all its Customers. The
Management assured Mr Meticulous that Inventories are physically
verified and hence there will be no impact on them.
11.1 Mr Meticulous asked about other Companies, he was intending
to perform which audit procedure?
(a) Analytical Procedures
(b) Substantive Procedures
(c) Random Sampling
(d) Statistical Sampling
11.2 What was the initial procedure carried on by Mr Meticulous?
(a) Trend Analysis
(b) Ratio Analysis
(c) Statistical Modelling
(d) Random Sampling
11.3 Who has the right to retain the audit working papers of the
Company in current case?
(a) Audit Committee
(b) Board of Directors
(c) Auditor
(d) Chairman of the Audit Committee
11.4 When Mr Meticulous decided to go in detail checking of Sales,
which Audit Procedure he applied to obtain the evidence?
(a) Test of Transactions
(b) Test of Balances
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Analytical Procedures

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 83

11.5 The impact of the exercise carried on by the Company for

unbilled challans will have an impact on
(a) Gross Receipts and Debtors
(b) Gross Receipts and Inventory
(c) Debtors
(d) Inventory
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
11.1 (a) Analytical Procedures
11.2 (b) Ratio Analysis
11.3 (c) Auditor
11.4 (c) Both (a) and (b)
11.5 (a) Gross Receipts and Debtors

12. M/s KDR & associates, Chartered accountants have been appointed
auditors of a company having operations spread in three states in India
for the first time. The nature of business of company is such that that
there are about 50000 monthly entries in its books of accounts
accompanied with commensurate records. The company has also robust
internal control system. The auditors want reliable evidence. However,
they are desirous of curtailing non-consequential routine checking.
Hence, while formulating strategy and plan for conducting audit,
auditors desire to rely upon good audit samples both for tests of controls
and tests of details.
In above context, answer the following questions: -
12.1 Consider the following statements for determining sample size
for tests of control: -
Statement I--- An Increase in the tolerable rate of deviation leads
to decrease in sample size.
Statement II--- An increase in the expected rate of deviation of
the population to be tested leads to increase in sample size.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 84 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Statement III—An increase in the number of sampling units in

the population leads to substantial increase in sample size.
Which of the following is most likely correct option?
(a) All Statements I, II and III are true.
(b) Statements I and II are true. However, Statement III is
false.
(c) Statements I and III are true. However, Statement II is
false.
(d) Statements II and III are true. However, Statement I is
false.
12.2 Consider the following statements for determining sample size
for tests of details: -
Statement I--- An increase in tolerable misstatement leads to
increase in sample size.
Statement II--- An increase in the auditor’s desired level of
assurance that tolerable misstatement is not exceeded by actual
misstatement in the population leads to decrease in sample size.
Statement III—An increase in the amount of misstatement
auditor expects to find in the population leads to increase in
sample size.
Which of the following is most likely correct option?
(a) All Statements I, II and III are true.
(b) Statements I and II are false. However, Statement III is
true.
(c) Statements I and III are true. However, Statement II is
false.
(d) Statements II and III are true. However, Statement I is
false.
12.3 Which of the following is not likely to be correct in evaluating
results of audit sampling in case of tests of details?

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 85

(a) The projected misstatement combined with anomalous

misstatement is auditor’s best estimate of misstatement
in population.
(b) In case projected misstatement combined with
anomalous misstatement exceeds tolerable
misstatement, the sample provides a reasonable basis for
conclusions about population.
(c) The closer the projected misstatement combined with
anomalous statement is to tolerable misstatement, it is
more likely that actual misstatement in the population
may exceed tolerable misstatement.
(d) In case the projected misstatement is greater than
auditor’s expectation of misstatement used to determine
sample size, the auditor may conclude that there is
unacceptable sampling risk of actual misstatement in the
population exceeding tolerable misstatement.
12.4 Which of the following is not likely to be correct in relation to
Block Sampling and audit samples drawn upon using this
technique?
(a) Block selection involves selection of a block/blocks of
contiguous items within the population.
(b) Most populations from which audit samples are drawn are
structured in such a way that items in a sequence can be
expected to have similar characteristics to each other but
different characteristics from items elsewhere in
population. Hence, it is not used ordinarily in audit
sampling.
(c) Block sampling has characteristics of simplicity and
economy.
(d) It is generally an appropriate sample selection technique
when auditor intends to draw valid inferences about the
entire population based upon sample.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 86 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

12.5 Consider the below stated steps in relation to audit sampling.

What is the most likely logical order of these steps to be followed
by auditors of this company?
Step I—Performing audit procedures
Step II ---- Projecting Misstatements
Step III---- Sample design and selection of items for testing
Step IV-- Investigating Nature and cause of deviations
Step V--- Evaluating results of audit Sampling
(a) Step I, Step II, Step III, Step IV and Step V
(b) Step II, Step I, Step III, Step V and Step IV
(c) Step III, Step I, Step IV, Step II and Step V
(d) Step I, Step II, Step III, Step V and Step IV
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
12.1 (b) Statements I and II are true. However, Statement
III is false.
12.2 (b) Statements I and II are false. However,
Statement III is true
12.3 (b) In case projected misstatement combined with
anomalous misstatement exceeds tolerable
misstatement, the sample provides a reasonable
basis for conclusions about population
12.4 (d) It is generally an appropriate sample selection
technique when auditor intends to draw valid
inferences about the entire population based
upon sample
12.5 (c) Step III, Step I, Step IV, Step II and Step V

13. One audit team is conducting statutory audit of Delta Robotics Limited
for financial year ending 31st March, 2020 under Companies Act,2013.
The revenue from operations of company during year 2019-20 is `

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 87

89,40,60,300. Certain observations and information stated as under

have been noted during the course of audit by audit team: -
[A] The said company is availing working capital credit facility to
meet its normal operating cycle requirements amounting to `
7.50 crores from a scheduled bank and outstanding balance as
on 31st March, 2020 is ` 6,49,20,120. The financial statements
disclose this outstanding balance in financial statements under
the head “Long-term borrowings”. Further, the said credit facility
is secured against equitable mortgage of an immovable property
located at NOIDA. The said facility is guaranteed by all directors
of the company, some of relatives of directors and two persons
viz. Mr. Krishnamurthy and Mr. Ramalingam who are not related
to directors in any manner.
[B] The company has made current investments in Ceekay Limited
to the tune of ` 1,10,00,000 by way of equity instruments.
Further, the company has also made investment in a partnership
firm to the tune of ` 25,00,000. The said partnership concern is
in an upcoming and promising line of business activity.
[C] It was observed that company had received some export orders
during the year under audit and these orders had resulted in
fructifying export turnover of ` 3,88,25,000. During the year
under consideration, the company has reflected net loss in
respect of foreign currency transactions amounting to
` 5,50,000. Further, the company has also imported components
and spare parts having FOB value of ` 10.00 lacs (CIF ` 11.25
lacs) during the year.
[D] The trade payables of the company include dues to micro and
small enterprises amounting to ` 1,40,36,740.
[E] Printing and stationery expenses, travelling expenses and fair
participation expenses are ` 74,320, ` 88,38,250 and
1,63,26,260 respectively.
Based upon above, answer following questions keeping in view
classification and disclosure requirements of Schedule III of Companies
Act, 2013: -

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 88 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

13.1 Consider the following statements: -

Statement I--- The company has correctly classified and
disclosed outstanding balance of working capital credit facility
under the head “Long- term borrowings.”
Statement-II--- Nature of security for availing working capital
credit facility needs to be disclosed.
Which of the following is correct?
(a) Both statements I and II are true.
(b) Statement I is true. However, statement II is false.
(c) Statement I is false. However, statement II is true.
(d) Both statements I and II are false.
13.2 Which of the following is most correct as regards to disclosure of
fact of guarantee of working capital credit facility?
(a) Disclosure regarding guarantee of loan by directors is in
accordance with law.
(b) Disclosure regarding guarantee of loan by directors and
relatives only is in accordance with law.
(c) Disclosure regarding guarantee of loan by directors,
relatives and non-related persons i.e. Mr. Krishnamurthy
and Mr. Ramalingam is in accordance with law.
(d) No disclosure is required regarding guarantee of loan.
13.3 As regards current investments made by company in Ceekay
Limited, which of following groups contain most valid
requirements mandated by law?
(a) Name of body corporate in which investment is made,
Basis of valuation of individual investment, aggregate
amount of quoted investments and their market value
(b) Name of body corporate in which investment is made,
Basis of valuation of individual investment, aggregate
amount of quoted investments

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 89

(c) Basis of valuation of individual investment, aggregate

amount of quoted investments and their market value
(d) Name of body corporate in which investment is made,
aggregate amount of quoted investments and their
market value.
13.4 As regards current investments made by company in partnership
firm, which of following classification and disclosure
requirements include requirements mandated by law?
(a) Name of firm in which investment is made, names of all
the partners, total capital and shares of each partner
(b) Name of firm in which investment is made, names of all
the partners, nature of business of firm and total capital
(c) Name of firm in which investment is made, names of all
the partners, nature of business of firm and shares of
each partner
(d) names of all the partners, nature of business of firm, total
capital and shares of each partner.
13.5 As regards foreign currency transactions, consider the following
statements: -
Statement I Earnings in foreign exchange regarding export of
goods on CIF basis needs to be disclosed in notes to accounts.
Statement II Net loss of foreign currency transactions is required
to be disclosed separately in statement of profit and loss.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Both statements I and II are true.
(b) Both statement I and II are false.
(c) Statement I is true. Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is false. Statement II is true.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 90 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
13.1 (c) Statement I is false. However, statement II is true.
13.2 (c) Disclosure regarding guarantee of loan by directors,
relatives and non-related persons i.e. Mr.
Krishnamurthy and Mr. Ramalingam is in accordance
with law.
13.3 (a) Name of body corporate in which investment is
made, Basis of valuation of individual investment,
aggregate amount of quoted investments and their
market value
13.4 (a) Name of firm in which investment is made, names of
all the partners, total capital and shares of each
partner
13.5 (d) Statement I is false. Statement II is true.

14. One Mr. K. Narhari, senior faculty at Board of studies of The Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India had prepared a lecture for some of the
novice students who had just enrolled for Chartered accountancy course
to be hosted on online platform. The lecture pertained to basic theme
of overall objectives of independent auditor and conduct of audit in
accordance with Standards on auditing mainly revolving around SA-200.
As it was first lecture of the session, an inexperienced apprentice
operator in office of Mr. Narhari made some mistakes in certain key
words including some blunders, modifications and omissions. The text
typed by operator read as under: -
“The purpose of audit is to embrace the level of confidence of intended
users in the financial statements. This is achieved by the expression of
an opinion by the auditor on whether financial statements are prepared,
in all critical respects, in accordance with an applicable financial
reporting framework. In conducting audit of financial statements, the
overall objectives of the auditor are to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud, mistake and errors, thereby
enabling the auditor to express an opinion on whether the financial

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 91

statements are prepared, in all critical respects, in accordance with

financial reporting framework and to report on the financial statements
and corroborate as required by the SAs, in accordance with auditor’s
findings.” (Para 1)
SAs require the auditor to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatements. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance. It is
obtained when the auditor has obtained complete and correct audit
evidence to reduce audit risk i.e (the risk that the auditor expresses an
appropriate opinion when the financial statements are critically
misstated) to an acceptable level. (Para 2)
Audit risk is a function of risks of material misstatements and detection
risk. Detection risk relates to nature, timing and extent of audit plans to
reduce audit risks. The assessment of risk is a matter of professional
judgment. Risk of material misstatement may exist at level of overall
financial statement level and assertion level for transactions, account
balances and disclosures. Further, risk of material misstatement at
assertion level consists of inherent risk and control risks. These are
dependent upon audit of financial statements. In case auditor believes
that risk of material misstatements is less, the less would be detection
risk that can be accepted. (Para 3)
The auditor can eliminate audit risk and most of the audit evidence on
which auditor draws conclusions and bases the auditor’s opinion are
conclusive in nature. Further, the matter of difficulty, time or cost
involved is not in itself a valid basis for the auditor to be satisfied with
evidence that is less than conclusive. (Para 4)
The SAs, taken together, provide the standards for the auditor’s work in
fulfilling the overall objectives of the auditor. The SAs deal with general
rights of the auditor as well as further considerations relevant to
application of those rights to specific topics. The SAs are paramount and
these are to be strictly followed irrespective of laws and regulations that
govern audit of financial statements. The SAs are not relevant for certain
government entities like agencies, boards and commissions. (Para 5)

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 92 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

While conducting audit, the auditor is subject to relevant ethical

requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to
financial statements audit engagements. Relevant ethical requirements
ordinarily comprise Code of Ethics issued by ICAI. The code establishes
honesty, objectivity, professional judgment, loyalty and logical
behaviour as fundamental principles of professional ethics relevant to
the auditor when conducting an audit of financial statements.” (Para 6)
14.1 On perusal of para 1, given below is combination of options
which would rectify errors, if any. Which is of the combinations
is most appropriate?
Option Probable errors Appropriate
combination
(a) Embrace, level of Enhance, degree of
confidence, in all critical confidence, in all
aspects, whether due to material respects,
fraud, mistake and errors, whether due to fraud,
corroborate mistake or error, satisfy
(b) Embrace, level of Enhance, degree of
confidence, in all critical confidence, in all
aspects, whether due to material respects,
fraud, mistake and errors, whether due to fraud and
corroborate error, satisfy
(c) Embrace, level of Enhance, degree of
confidence, in all critical confidence, in all
aspects, whether due to material respects,
fraud, mistake and errors, whether due to fraud or
corroborate error, communicate
(d) Embrace, level of Enhance, degree of
confidence, in all critical confidence, in all
aspects, whether due to material respects,
fraud, mistake and errors, whether due to fraud or
corroborate mistake, communicate

14.2 Identify the meaningful and correct statement as per SA-200 in

place of underlined subject matter in para 2.
(a) It is obtained when the auditor has obtained complete
and meaningful audit evidence to reduce audit risk i.e

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 93

(the risk that the auditor expresses an appropriate

opinion when the financial statements are materially
misstated) to an acceptable level.
(b) It is obtained when the auditor has obtained complete
and exact audit evidence to reduce audit risk i.e (the risk
that the auditor expresses an appropriate opinion when
the financial statements are materially misstated) to an
acceptable level.
(c) It is obtained when the auditor has obtained sufficient
and necessary audit evidence to reduce audit risk i.e (the
risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion
when the financial statements are materially misstated)
to an acceptable low level.
(d) It is obtained when the auditor has obtained sufficient
and appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk i.e
(the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate
opinion when the financial statements are materially
misstated) to an acceptably low level.
14.3 Consider the following statements which may or may not be
erroneous.
Statement I--- Detection risk relates to nature, timing and extent
of audit plans to reduce audit risks.
Statement II--- Inherent risk and control risk are dependent upon
audit of financial statements.
Statement III--- The acceptable level of detection risk varies in
direct proportion to the assessed risk of material misstatement
at assertion level.
Which of the following options is correct?
(a) Statement I is true. Statements II and III are false.
(b) Statement I and II are true. Statement III is false.
(c) Statement I and II are false. Statement III is true.
(d) Statements I, II and III are false.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 94 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

14.4 Identify correct group of meaningful words to replace underlined

erroneous words in para 4 in the same order in which these are
underlined: -
(a) Prevent, binding and conclusive
(b) Prevent, conclusive and binding
(c) Forego, conclusive and persuasive
(d) Reduce, persuasive and persuasive
14.5 Consider accompanying underlined statement: The SAs deal with
general rights of the auditor as well as further considerations
relevant to application of those rights to specific topics. Which of
the following is likely to be true?
(a) The above underlined statement is completely correct.
(b) The above underlined statement is completely incorrect.
(c) The above statement is partly correct.
(d) No inference about correctness of statement can be
drawn.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
14.1 (c) Probable errors Appropriate
combination
Embrace, level of Enhance, degree of
confidence, in all critical confidence, in all
aspects, whether due to material respects,
fraud, mistake and whether due to fraud or
errors, corroborate error, communicate
14.2 (d) It is obtained when the auditor has obtained sufficient
and appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk i.e
(the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate
opinion when the financial statements are materially
misstated) to an acceptably low level.
14.3 (d) Statements I, II and III are false.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 95

14.4 (d) Reduce, persuasive and persuasive

14.5 (b) The above underlined statement is completely
incorrect.

15. M/s Arun Karun & Associates have been appointed as the statutory
auditors of HKM Ltd. for the FY 2019-20. HKM Ltd. is a company
engaged in the manufacture of computer hardwares. CA Arun is the
engagement partner and his team consists of two article assistants,
namely Mr. Ram & Mr. Shyam.
While performing the audit procedures, Mr. Ram did production analysis
and calculated the expenditure per unit and compared the same with
the previous year and the present year industry trends. When Mr. Ram
asked the management about the reasons for variations, he was told
that such reasons have already been explained to the cost auditors and
the statutory audit team need not spend their time on matters which
are of concern for the cost auditor. Mr. Ram was convinced and agreed
to the suggestions of the management of HKM Ltd.
Further, during the course of audit, CA Arun found that there has been
an increase in the paid up share capital of the company. CA Arun
obtained a written representation from the management with respect to
such increase in the share capital. Also, CA Arun found that in the
company there is a cashier, a petty cashier and in addition there are
imprest balances with the employees. Further, the audit team verified
all the travelling expenses recognised during the period to confirm
whether they relate to the current accounting period only.
CA Arun directed Mr. Ram to verify whether the employee benefit
expense has been fairly allocated between the operating expenses
incurred in production activities and the general expenses. CA Arun also
directed his team to check in detail the particulars of Revenue reserve
and share premium account of the company.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
15.1 With respect to the contention of the management of HKM Ltd.
regarding the production analysis and the related variances,
which of the following is correct?

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 96 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(a) M/s Arun Karun & Associates need not waste its time in
production analysis as the same is the responsibility of
the cost auditor of the company.
(b) M/s Arun Karun & Associates should perform production
analysis and discuss the reasons of variation with the
management of HKM Ltd.
(c) M/s Arun Karun & Associates should mention in its audit
report regarding the fact of noticed variation in the
production analysis. Also they need to mention separately
that the management along with the cost auditor is
responsible for such analysis.
(d) M/s Arun Karun & Associates should ensure that the cost
auditor of HKM Ltd. mentions the fact regarding the
production analysis in their cost audit report which is to
be filed with the Board of Directors and the Central
Government.
15.2 With respect to the audit of cash balance of HKM Ltd. which is
the correct course of action for M/s Arun Karun & Associates?
1. The cash balance with the cashier, petty cashier, and
imprest balances with the employees should be checked
simultaneously.
2. The cashier should be present while cash is being counted
and he should sign the statement prepared containing the
details of the cash balance so counted.
3. Since the company is having more than one cash balances
i.e. with cashier, petty cashier, and imprest balances with
employees, CA Arun should ask the management to get
the cash balance verified by the main cashier and furnish
cashier’s report to him.
4. CA Arun should ask any of the cashiers to verify the cash
balances and provide him with a report on the same.
(a) Statement 1 & 2

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 97

(b) Statement 1 & 4

(c) Statement 1,3 & 4
(d) Statement 1 & 3
15.3 Verification of all the travelling expenses of HKM Ltd. by the audit
team addresses the following assertion related to the Income
Expense account:
(a) Valuation
(b) Completeness
(c) Measurement
(d) Existence
15.4 Verifying whether employee benefit expense of HKM Ltd. has
been fairly allocated between the operating expense incurred in
production activities and general expense addresses which of the
following assertions?
(a) Completeness
(b) Presentation and Disclosure
(c) Measurement
(d) Occurrence
15.5 Which of the following is correct with respect to the provisions
relating to revenue reserves of HKM Ltd?
i. Revenue Reserves of HKM Ltd. can be used to supplement
divisible profits in lean years.
ii. Revenue Reserve cannot be used to augment the working
capital of the business of HKM Ltd.
iii. Revenue Reserve cannot be used to finance an extension
of the business of HKM Ltd.
iv. Revenue Reserve can be used to generally strengthen the
company’s financial position.
(a) ii & iii are correct

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 98 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) i & iv are correct

(c) i, ii, iii are correct
(d) i, ii, iii, iv are correct
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.

15.1 (b) M/s Arun Karun & Associates should perform

production analysis and discuss the reasons of
variation with the management of HKM Ltd.

15.2 (a) Statement 1 & 2

15.3 (b) Completeness

15.4 (b) Presentation and Disclosure

15.5 (b) i & iv are correct

16. One of your friends is preparing for auditing & assurance exams of CA
(Intermediate new) course. You are already well versed with provisions
of Companies Act, 2013. He seeks your help in better understanding of
provisions of section 139 of companies act, 2013 in light of certain
practical issues and concomitant matters as contained in Companies Act,
2013 regarding auditor’s appointment. Further, he also provides you
with text of Section 139 of companies Act, 2013 for ready reference and
better understanding as below: -
“139. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, every company shall,
at the first annual general meeting, appoint an individual or a firm as an
auditor who shall hold office from the conclusion of that meeting till the
conclusion of its sixth annual general meeting and thereafter till the
conclusion of every sixth meeting and the manner and procedure of
selection of auditors by the members of the company at such meeting
shall be such as may be prescribed:
Provided further that before such appointment is made, the written
consent of the auditor to such appointment, and a certificate from him

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 99

or it that the appointment, if made, shall be in accordance with the

conditions as may be prescribed, shall be obtained from the auditor:
Provided also that the certificate shall also indicate whether the auditor
satisfies the criteria provided in section 141:
[Provided also that the company shall inform the auditor concerned of
his or its appointment, and also file a notice of such appointment with
the Registrar within fifteen days of the meeting in which the auditor is
appointed.]
Explanation. —For the purposes of this Chapter, “appointment” includes
reappointment.
(2) No listed company or a company belonging to such class or classes
of companies as may be prescribed, shall appoint or re-appoint—
(a) an individual as auditor for more than one term of five
consecutive years; and
(b) an audit firm as auditor for more than two terms of five
consecutive years:
[Provided that—(i) an individual auditor who has completed his term
under clause (a) shall not be eligible for re-appointment as auditor in
the same company for five years from the completion of his term;
(ii) an audit firm which has completed its term under clause (b), shall
not be eligible for re-appointment as auditor in the same company for
five years from the completion of such term:
Provided further that as on the date of appointment no audit firm having
a common partner or partners to the other audit firm, whose tenure has
expired in a company immediately preceding the financial year, shall be
appointed as auditor of the same company for a period of five years:
[Provided also that every company, existing on or before the
commencement of this Act which is required to comply with the
provisions of this sub-section, shall comply with requirements of this
sub-section within a period which shall not be later than the date of the
first annual general meeting of the company held, within the period
specified under sub-section (1) of section 96, after three years from the
date of commencement of this Act.]

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 100 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Provided also that, nothing contained in this sub-section shall prejudice

the right of the company to remove an auditor or the right of the auditor
to resign from such office of the company.]
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, members of a company may
resolve to provide that—
(a) in the audit firm appointed by it, the auditing partner and his
team shall be rotated at such intervals as may be resolved by members;
or
(b) the audit shall be conducted by more than one auditor.
(4) The Central Government may, by rules, prescribe the manner in
which the companies shall rotate their auditors in pursuance of sub-
section (2).
Explanation. —For the purposes of this Chapter, the word “firm” shall
include a limited liability partnership incorporated under the Limited
Liability Partnership Act, 2008.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), in the case
of a Government company or any other company owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by the Central Government, or by any State
Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and
partly by one or more State Governments, the Comptroller and Auditor-
General of India shall, in respect of a financial year, appoint an auditor
duly qualified to be appointed as an auditor of companies under this
Act, within a period of one hundred and eighty days from the
commencement of the financial year, who shall hold office till the
conclusion of the annual general meeting.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the first
auditor of a company, other than a Government company, shall be
appointed by the Board of Directors within thirty days from the date of
registration of the company and in the case of failure of the Board to
appoint such auditor, it shall inform the members of the company, who
shall within ninety days at an extraordinary general meeting appoint
such auditor and such auditor shall hold office till the conclusion of the
first annual general meeting.
(7) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or sub-
section (5), in the case of a Government company or any other
company owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Central

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 101

Government, or by any State Government, or Governments, or partly by

the Central Government and partly by one or more State
Governments, *the first auditor shall be appointed by the Comptroller
and Auditor-General of India within sixty days from the date of
registration of the company and in case the Comptroller and Auditor-
General of India does not appoint such auditor within the said period,
the Board of Directors of the company shall appoint such auditor within
the next thirty days; and in the case of failure of the Board to appoint
such auditor within the next thirty days, it shall inform the members of
the company who shall appoint such auditor within the sixty days at an
extraordinary general meeting, who shall hold office till the conclusion
of the first annual general meeting.
(8) Any casual vacancy in the office of an auditor shall—
(i) in the case of a company other than a company whose accounts
are subject to audit by an auditor appointed by the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India, be filled by the Board of Directors within thirty
days, but if such casual vacancy is as a result of the resignation of an
auditor, such appointment shall also be approved by the company at a
general meeting convened within three months of the recommendation
of the Board and he shall hold the office till the conclusion of the next
annual general meeting;
(ii) in the case of a company whose accounts are subject to audit by
an auditor appointed by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India,
be filled by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India within thirty
days:
Provided that in case the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India does
not fill the vacancy within the said period, the Board of Directors shall
fill the vacancy within next thirty days.
(9) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1) and the rules made
thereunder, a retiring auditor may be re-appointed at an annual general
meeting, if—
(a) he is not disqualified for re-appointment;
(b) he has not given the company a notice in writing of his
unwillingness to be re-appointed; and

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 102 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) a special resolution has not been passed at that meeting

appointing some other auditor or providing expressly that he shall not
be re-appointed.
(10) Where at any annual general meeting, no auditor is appointed or
re-appointed, the existing auditor shall continue to be the auditor of the
company.
(11) Where a company is required to constitute an Audit Committee
under section 177, all appointments, including the filling of a casual
vacancy of an auditor under this section shall be made after taking into
account the recommendations of such committee.”
* Responsibility to Inform C&AG
In light of above information, guide your friend and remove his
dilemmas by answering the following questions correctly: -
16.1 Section 139 prescribes that before appointment of an auditor,
certificate is to be obtained from auditor that appointment, if
made, shall be in accordance with certain conditions. Which of
the following is not such condition in case of a listed public
company?
(a) the individual or the firm, as the case may be, is eligible
for appointment and is not disqualified for appointment
under the Act, the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and
the rules or regulations made thereunder;
(b) the proposed appointment is as per the term provided
under the Act;
(c) the proposed appointment is within the limits laid down
by or under the authority of the Act;
(d) the proposed appointment is as per regulations of SEBI
16.2 The provisions of rotation of auditors are not applicable to certain
class of companies. Which of the following is not a correct
option?
(a) all unlisted public companies having paid up share capital
up to a certain limit

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 103

(b) all private limited companies having paid up share capital

up to a certain limit
(c) all unlisted public companies having paid up share capital
and reserves up to a certain limit
(d) all companies having public borrowings from banks up to
a certain limit
16.3 In case of a government company, the statutory auditor under
companies Act is appointed by: -
(a) Shareholders in annual general meeting
(b) Board of directors in annual general meeting
(c) CAG which is a constitutional authority
(d) CAG which is a constitutional authority in consultation
with Central Government
16.4 Which of the following is incorrect regarding scope of actions of
audit committee constituted under section 177 of Companies Act,
2013?
(a) The audit committee can make recommendation
regarding appointment and terms of appointment of
auditors.
(b) The audit committee cannot make recommendations
regarding remuneration of auditors.
(c) The audit committee can review and monitor auditor’s
independence and performance.
(d) The audit committee can undertake monitoring of
effectiveness of audit process.
16.5 Which of the following is correct regarding formation of audit
committee under section 177 of Companies Act, 2013?
(a) The audit committee is to be constituted by every public
company.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 104 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) The audit committee is to be constituted by every public

company and private company having paid up capital and
reserves of more than ` 100 crore.
(c) The audit committee is to be constituted by every listed
public company.
(d) The audit committee is to be constituted by every listed
company and private company having paid up capital and
reserves of more than ` 100 crore.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
16.1 (d) the proposed appointment is as per regulations of
SEBI
16.2 (c) all unlisted public companies having paid up share
capital and reserves up to a certain limit
16.3 (c) CAG which is a constitutional authority
16.4 (b) The audit committee cannot make recommendations
regarding remuneration of auditors.

16.5 (c) The audit committee is to be constituted by every

listed public company.

17. • M/s ANS & Associates have been appointed as the auditors of
Star Ltd. for the Financial Year 2019-20.
• During the year under audit, Star Ltd has issued share capital at
a premium of Rs 5 per share. The auditors understand that
certain provisions as per the Companies Act 2013 related to the
issue of shares at premium are applicable to the company.
• Also, Star Ltd. has issued Sweat Equity shares to its employees
during the year. M/s ANS & Associates has advised its audit staff
to check in particular whether the company has complied with
the relevant provisions related to the issue of sweat equity shares
as per the Companies Act 2013.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 105

• Further, the auditor understands that the Company Star Ltd.

needs to file various forms with different authorities when there
is a change in the share capital of the company during the year.
• Also special consideration is given under audit to the treatment
of reserves as Revenue vs Capital by the company during the
financial year.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
17.1 As there is a change in the share capital of Star Ltd. during the
year, which of the following combination related to the forms to
be submitted is not correct:-
(a) Form SH 7: To be filed with Ministry of Corporate Affairs
(b) Form CRA 2: To be filed with the Central Government
(c) Form PAS: To be filed with the Ministry of Corporate
Affairs.
(d) Form FCGPR: To be filed with the Reserve Bank of India.
17.2 The Securities Premium Account can be used by the Star Ltd. for
various purposes, except one:-
(a) In writing off the preliminary expenses of the company
(b) Towards the issue of the unissued shares of the company
to the members of the company as fully paid bonus shares
(c) For purchase of its own shares and other securities under
section 68.
(d) To be used as working capital.
17.3 With regard to the issue of Sweat Equity shares following
conditions have to be complied. Identify the incorrect one:-
(a) The issue is authorized by ordinary resolution passed by
the company.
(b) The resolution should specify the number of shares, the
current market price.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 106 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Not less than one year has at the date of such issue,
elapsed since the date on which the company has
commenced business
(d) Where the equity shares of the company are listed on
recognized stock exchange, the shares are issued in
accordance with requirements by SEBI.
17.4 Which of the following is not correct:-
(a) Section 52- Securities Premium Account
(b) Section 53- Issue of shares at discount
(c) Section 54- Issue of Bonus Shares
(d) Section 68- Buyback of shares
17.5 With respect to which of the following, passing of a Special
Resolution is required by a company:-
(a) Issue of Sweat Equity Shares
(b) Reduction of Share Capital
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of a & b
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
17.1 (b) Form CRA 2: To be filed with the Central
Government
17.2 (d) To be used as working capital.
17.3 (a) The issue is authorized by ordinary resolution
passed by the company.
17.4 (c) Section 54- Issue of Bonus Shares

17.5 (c) Both a & b

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 107

18. • Venus Ltd. is a public limited company having turnover of ` 150

crores during the current financial year i.e. FY 2019-20 which is
the first financial year for the company after its registration.
• M/s AMR & Associates are appointed as the first auditors of
Venus Ltd.
• M/s AMR & Associates is having partners Mr. A, Mr. M, Mr. R all
Chartered Accountants.
• Mr. A, Mr. M, Mr. R are holding appointment as auditors in 10,
15, 20 companies respectively. The above numbers are after
taking into account appointment of M/s AMR & Associates as
auditors in Venus Limited.
• During the course of audit, the auditors understand that since
Venus Ltd is a public limited company, their duty is to also report
on the adequacy of internal financial control of Venus Ltd .
• Further, Venus Ltd holds 20% equity share capital of Mercury Ltd
which has approached M/s AMR & Associates for certain
assignments namely Tax audit, Actuarial Science, Outsourced
Financial services.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
18.1 M/s AMR & Associates shall hold the office as auditor of Venus
Ltd.:-
(a) For one term of five consecutive years
(b) Till the conclusion of first Annual General Meeting
(c) For two terms of five consecutive years.
(d) None of the above.
18.2 What are the relevant provisions of the Companies Act 2013
related to the audit committee. Whether Venus Ltd. is required
to constitute an Audit Committee?
(a) Section 167, No
(b) Section 117, Yes

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 108 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Section 177, Yes

(d) Section 176, No
18.3 What is the maximum number of audits remaining in the name
of M/s AMR & Associates:-
(a) 60
(b) 25
(c) 10
(d) 15
18.4 In case of a private company, under section 143(3)(i), the
auditor has no duty to report on the internal financial control of
the Company if turnover and aggregate borrowings are less than
certain amount. What is the limit of Turnover and aggregate
borrowings from bank or financial institutions or any body
corporate. :-
(a) ` 50 crore and ` 25 crore
(b) ` 150 crore and ` 25 crore
(c) ` 50 crore and ` 125 crore
(d) ` 25 crore and ` 50 crore
18.5 Had Venus Ltd. been a government company, who would have
appointed the first auditors of the company. Also state the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act 2013 :-
(a) Board of Directors, within 10 days of registration. Section
139(7)
(b) Comptroller & Auditor General of India, within 60 days of
registration, section 139(7)
(c) Central Government, within 60 days of registration of
company, Section 139(5)
(d) Central Government, within 30 days of registration of
company, Section 139(5)

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 109

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
18.1 (b) Till the conclusion of first Annual General Meeting
18.2 (c) Section 177, Yes
18.3 (d) 15
18.4 (a) ` 50 crore and ` 25 crore
18.5 (b) Comptroller & Auditor General of India, within 60
days of registration, section 139(7)
19. • M/s PQR & Associates are appointed as auditors of Jupiter Ltd.
for the Financial Year 2019-20.
• The team consisted of Mr. P, Mr. Q, Mr. R all Chartered
Accountants and three article assistants.
• Mr. P, one of the engagement partners, briefed the audit staff
about various items of financial statement to be checked in detail
in case of Jupiter Ltd and about various aspects to be covered in
the audit of the company.
• Mr. P told the audit staff about audit documentation, audit
evidence, audit file, completion memorandum and many other
things along with relevant Standards of Auditing applicable.
• Mr. P also told the staff about the risk of material misstatement
that the financial statements are prone to and how it affects the
sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence.
• The audit staff was also apprised about the various audit
procedures to be adopted while conducting the audit of Jupiter
Ltd.
• Further discussions were done about various types of risks
related to financial statement and the audit work, the related
audit procedures, and the risk assessment procedures.
• The engagement partners are also very particular about the
application of various Standards on Auditing applicable in case of
Jupiter Ltd.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 110 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Based on the above facts, answer the following:-

19.1 ………………. is the summary of significant matters identified
during audit and way they are addressed :-
(a) Audit File
(b) Audit Programme
(c) Completion memorandum
(d) Checklists
19.2 The susceptibility of an assertion to a misstatement that could
be material before consideration of any related control
is………………:-
(a) Control Risk
(b) Inherent Risk
(c) Audit Risk
(d) Significant Risk
19.3 Statement 1: Audit procedures consist of Risk Assessments
Procedures and other procedures.
Statement 2: Substantive procedures consist of test of details
and analytical procedures.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
19.4 …………….. refers to the audit procedures performed to obtain an
understanding of the entity and its environment, including the
entity’s internal control, to identify and assess the risks of
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error at the
financial statement and assertion levels:-
(a) Analytical Procedures
(b) Risk Assessment Procedures

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 111

(c) Audit Procedures

(d) Substantive Analytical Procedures
19.5 Statement 1:- Substantive Procedures alone can provide
sufficient and appropriate audit evidence at the assertion level.
Statement 2:-Test of Controls is audit procedure designed to
evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls in prevention,
detection and correcting material misstatement at the assertion
level.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
19.1 (c) Completion memorandum
19.2 (b) Inherent Risk
19.3 (c) Both 1 & 2 are correct
19.4 (b) Risk Assessment Procedures
19.5 (b) Only Statement 2 is correct

20. M/s UVW & Associates have been appointed as auditors of Mars Ltd. for
the Financial Year 2019-20.
• During the course of audit, the auditors notice that there are
certain legal expenses been charged to revenue during the
financial year by Mars Ltd.
• These legal expenses are related to litigations going against the
company regarding its Corporate Social Responsibility expenses
incurred near its factory area.
• Further, M/s UVW & Associates noticed that there is a major
change in the debtors and creditors account of Mars Ltd. during
the financial year under audit. The auditors have decided to send

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 112 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

balance confirmation requests to the debtors and creditors of

Mars Ltd. Also the auditors decide to take management
representation letters wherever required.
• Also, the auditors have noticed certain related party transactions
reflected in the financial statements of Mars Ltd during the
financial year under audit. The transaction is between Mars Ltd
and a Company owned by wife of one of the directors of Mars
Ltd.
• The auditors have become aware of certain subsequent events
occurring in case of Mars Ltd. These are related to the outcomes
of the litigations going against Mars Ltd.
• The auditors are also concerned whether the litigations going
against Mars Ltd. and their outcomes have any impact on the
going concern of the company.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
20.1 Statement 1: Although Written Representations provide
necessary audit evidence, they do not provide sufficient and
appropriate audit evidence on their own about the matters with
which they deal.
Statement 2: Written Representations do not include financial
statements, the assertions within, or supporting books and
records.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both Statement 1 & 2 are correct
(d) None of Statement 1 & 2 is correct
20.2 The auditor can perform the following procedures to identify
litigation and claims of Mars Ltd:-
(a) Inquiry of management including in house legal counsel.
(b) Reviewing legal expenses account.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 113

(c) Reviewing of minutes of meetings of those charged to

governance and correspondence between entity and
external legal counsel.
(d) All of the above.
20.3 Negative confirmation requests require the third party to respond
in the following cases :-
(a) If there is agreement
(b) If there is disagreement
(c) In both cases of agreement as well as disagreement
(d) None of the above.
20.4 Statement 1:- A failure of the confirming party to respond, or
fully respond to a positive confirmation request or a confirmation
request returned undelivered is a case of Non Response.
Statement 2:- A response that indicates difference between
information requested to be confirmed and contained in entity’s
records and information provided by the confirming part is a case
of Exception.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both Statement 1 & 2 are correct
(d) None of Statement 1 & 2 is correct
20.5 Which of the following is incorrect so far as the related party
transactions are concerned:-
(a) Many related party transactions are in the normal course
of business.
(b) Related party transactions may not be conducted under
normal market term and conditions.
(c) In some circumstances, related party transactions may
give rise to higher risks of material misstatement.
(d) None of the above.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 114 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
20.1 (c) Both Statement 1 & 2 are correct
20.2 (d) All of the above.
20.3 (b) If there is disagreement
20.4 (c) Both Statement 1 & 2 are correct
20.5 (d) None of the above.

21. • M/s NSG & Associates have been appointed as auditors of Viaan
Ltd. for the financial year 2019-20.
• The processes, operations, accounting and decisions are carried
out by using computers in Viaan Ltd.
• The auditors understand that there are several aspects that they
should consider to determine the level of automation and
complexity in the business environment of Viaan Ltd.
• While planning the audit work, the engagement partners
discussed with the audit staff about the various types of controls
in the automated environment.
• The different types of audit tests that can be used in audit of an
automated business environment were also discussed within the
engagement team.
• The responsibility regarding the Internal Financial Controls was
also discussed in detail.
• Further the tools and techniques that can be used to deal with
the enormous data and information of Viaan Ltd. were briefed to
the audit staff by the engagement partners.
Based on the above facts, answer the following:-
21.1 ………. are the manual controls that make use of some form of
data or information or report produced from the IT systems and
applications.
(a) Application Controls

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 115

(b) IT dependent Controls

(c) Automated Controls
(d) General IT Controls
21.2 Statement 1: Application controls include both manual and
automated controls that operate at a business process level.
Statement 2: General IT Controls apply to mainframe, miniframe
as well as end user environment.
(a) Only Statement 1 is correct
(b) Only Statement 2 is correct
(c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
(d) Both Statements 1 & 2 are incorrect
21.3 …………… are also known as pervasive or indirect controls :-
(a) General IT Controls
(b) Application Controls
(c) IT dependent Controls
(d) None of the above
21.4 …………… is the combination of processes, tools and techniques
that are used to tap vast amounts of electronic data to obtain
meaningful information:-
(a) Computer Assisted Audit Techniques
(b) Automated Controls
(c) Data Analytics
(d) None of the above
21.5 Which of the following is not a correct statement :-
(a) Inquiry should always be used in combination with any of
the audit testing methods.
(b) Re performance is the most effective but is very time
consuming and least efficient most of the times.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 116 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Applying inquiry in combination with inspection gives the

least effective and least efficient audit evidence.
(d) Use of audit tests is a matter of professional judgment of
auditor.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
21.1 (b) IT dependent Controls
21.2 (c) Both Statements 1 & 2 are correct
21.3 (a) General IT Controls
21.4 (c) Data Analytics
21.5 (c) Applying inquiry in combination with inspection
gives the least effective and least efficient audit
evidence.

22. M/s FCA & Co (“The Firm”), Chartered Accountants is a Partnership Firm
of Miss F, Miss C and Mr A based at Delhi. Partners are also engaged in
the Investing Activities - that is they Purchase and Sale Shares of various
firms and companies in their routine course of action.
In past week, few Companies have approached the Firm to become their
Auditors. Before accepting the Audits, Partners want to ensure that they
are not disqualified according to the Provisions of the Companies Act.
So they are looking into this matter - Company wise - which is given
below. You are requested to go through the following and answer the
ensuing questions.
Company ABC P L - Miss C owns share of ` 1000 in the Company and
her Brother owns shares of Rs 50000 in the Company
Company XYZ P L - Mr A’s father owns shares of Rs 90000 in the
Company. Mr A owes the Company in his personal capacity for the goods
purchased by him to the tune of Rs 20000
Company PQR P L - Miss F has been advising the company for its
Investment for past couple of years. Miss C is indebted to the Company
to the tune of Rs 1 Lakh.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 117

22.1 Which of the following Statement is correct in respect of ABC P

L (“Company”)
(a) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the
Company
(b) The Firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to Shareholding of Miss C’s Brother in the Company
(c) The Firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to Shareholding of Miss C in the Company
(d) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the
Company but they will have to disclose about
Shareholding in Auditor’s Report.
22.2 Which of the following Statement is correct in respect of XYZ P
L (“Company”)
(a) The Firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to the indebtedness of Mr A
(b) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the
Company
(c) The Firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to the Shareholding of Mr A’s Father in the Company
(d) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the
Company only after Mr A pays the amount due to the
Company.
22.3 Which of the following Statement is correct in respect of PQR P
L (“Company”)
(a) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the
Company
(b) The firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to Miss C’s Indebtedness towards the Company
(c) The firm is not eligible to be appointed as an Auditor due
to Miss F’s involvement as an Advisor to the Company

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 118 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(d) The firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor of the

Company but it will have to disclose its indebtedness of
Miss C in the Auditor’s Report
22.4 While considering the threshold limit for holding any interest or
security in the company for the Qualification for becoming an
Auditor, which value is to be considered?
(a) Market Value
(b) Face Value
(c) Book Value
(d) Higher of the above
22.5 In case, Shareholding by a relative exceeds the threshold then
in how many days Auditor is required to take corrective Action?
(a) 15 Days
(b) 30 Days
(c) 45 Days
(d) 60 Days
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
22.1 (c) The Firm is not eligible to be appointed as an
Auditor due to Shareholding of Miss C in the
Company
22.2 (b) The Firm is eligible to be appointed as an Auditor
of the Company
22.3 (c) The firm is not eligible to be appointed as an
Auditor due to Miss F’s involvement as an Advisor
to the Company
22.4 (b) Face Value
22.5 (d) 60 Days

23. M/s CA & Co is a firm of Chartered Accountants based at Mumbai, Mr C

and Mr A being the Partners of the Firm. They are engaged, inter alia,

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 119

in the Statutory Audit of Great Trading Company who is dealing in FMCG

Products and sells its products to Wholesalers and Retailers.
During the course of their primary discussion with the Accounting
Personnel of the Company, Mr C found out that the number of
Transactions are very high and the value of Transactions also vary a
great length especially in the case of Sales Transactions - as their base
is very large and number of sales transactions run into Hundreds of
Invoices per month.
Mr C and Mr A are thinking about checking the Sales Transactions and
Balances of Account Receivables on a Sampling basis and for that they
are discussing about which of the main two approaches to sampling
would be appropriate in this case. They mostly are satisfied with the
Internal Control Procedures as far as Sales Order Processing is
concerned.
After discussion, they have decided that they would divide the Sales
Transactions into Value Buckets viz. Less than 1 Lakh, 1 Lakh to 5 Lakh,
5 Lakh and above. For Accounts Receivables they would go for Age-wise
Receivables viz. up to 45 Days, 45 to 90 Days, 90 to 180 Days and Above
180 Days.
Checking of Sales and Receipts Transactions on the above basis was
carried out and though the Auditors didn’t find any major irregularity in
the Sales, it was observed that most of the Receivables in Above 180
Days category were from individual Sales Bill of 1 Lakh or less and most
of the parties were local ones. So it was decided to follow-up this matter
by asking for Balance confirmation from those Debtors whose balance
remained outstanding for more than 180 Days.
23.1 Which of the following Statement is correct?
(a) Hundred Percent Checking will give absolute satisfaction
to the Auditor about correctness of transactions.
(b) Sampling Methods cannot be relied upon to reveal the
true feature and characteristics of the population.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 120 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) If drawn properly, a sample would give reasonable basis

to an Auditor to draw conclusions about the entire
population
(d) Sampling should be done only when Hundred Percent
Checking is not possible
23.2 Mr C and Mr A are discussing different approaches to Sampling,
which are they?
(a) Statistical Sampling and Non-statistical Sampling
(b) Large Sample and Small Sample
(c) Random Sampling and Systematic Sampling
(d) Scientific Sampling and Non-Scientific Sampling
23.3 Which of the following method is used by the Auditor for Drawing
of the Samples?
(a) Simple Random Sampling
(b) Haphazard Sampling
(c) Systematic Sampling
(d) Stratified Sampling

23.4 What is the initial perception of control risk as far as Sales

Transactions are concerned?
(a) High
(b) Medium
(c) Low
(d) Non-existent
23.5 To satisfy about the genuineness of Balances of Debtors
outstanding for more than 180 Days, M/s CA & Co would have to
lower which risk?
(a) Inherent Risk
(b) Detection Risk

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 121

(c) Control Risk

(d) All of the above
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
23.1 (c) If drawn properly, a sample would give reasonable
basis to an Auditor to draw conclusions about the
entire population
23.2 (a) Statistical Sampling and Non-statistical Sampling
23.3 (d) Stratified Sampling
23.4 (a) High
23.5 (b) Detection Risk

24. Sections 139 to 148 of the Companies Act, 2013 relating to audit of
companies which broadly deal with who can be appointed as an auditor
under the Act, i.e., qualifications and disqualifications, the manner of
appointment, removal of an auditor and rights and duties of an
auditor.
Keeping above mentioned sections in mind, what guidelines/procedures
need to be followed by M/s ABC Ltd and Mr Samuel when M/s ABC Ltd
appointed Mr Samuel as statutory auditor of the company for the
Financial Year 2019-2020.
Samuel’s father holds security of Rs 7 lakh face value in ABC Ltd. Would
this throw any challenges to Samuel’s appointment as statutory auditor
of M/s ABC Ltd.
Also, Mr Samuel’s remuneration was fixed by Board of Directors which
was subsequently challenged by a shareholder in the company’s Annual
General Meeting.
Based on the above facts and procedures, answer the following
questions.
24.1 Mr Samuel needs to furnish his written consent and a certificate
to the company
(a) Before his appointment

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 122 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) Within 15 days of his appointment

(c) Within 30 days of his appointment
(d) None of the above
24.2 Mr Samuel (the auditor of the company) subsequently submitted
his resignation. He is required to intimate about his resignation
to-
(a) The Company
(b) The Registrar of Companies
(c) Both a and b.
(d) Board of Directors, Registrar of Companies and Central
Government
24.3 Mr Samuel needs to file a statement in the prescribed Form
_____ (as per Rule 8 of CAAR) within ______ days of resignation
with the company and the registrar.
(a) ADT- 1, 10
(b) ADT- 2, 7
(c) ADT – 3, 30
(d) ADT - 4, 15
24.4 If Mr Samuel had been removed as auditor of the company under
section 140(5) by order of Tribunal, he could not be appointed
as auditor of any company for a period of ______from the date
of order of Tribunal.
(a) 10 years
(b) 8 years
(c) 5 years
(d) 3 years
24.5 Mr Samuel’s remuneration as auditor of M/S ABC Ltd will be fixed
by
(a) By Board of Directors of the company

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 123

(b) By Company in general meeting

(c) By Central Government
(d) By Comptroller & Auditor General of India
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
24.1 (a) Before his appointment
24.2 (c) Both a and b (i.e. Intimate both to the Company and
Registrar of Companies
24.3 (c) ADT – 3, 30
24.4 (c) 5 years
24.5 (b) By Company in general meeting

25. M/s RGL has been appointed as auditors of New Indian Bank (a
nationalised bank) for the Financial year 2018-19 by its Board of
Directors.
Appointment of M/s RGL has been challenged by a shareholder in the
Bank’s Annual General Meeting stating that the appointment should
have been made by the shareholders in the bank’s AGM.
Their appointment as auditors of the bank throws some questions for
the bank’s management.
New Indian bank has exposure to crop loans as many branches are
located in the rural area. While conducting the audit, the auditors are
faced with the question of classification of non performing advances.
Also, New Indian bank has lot of Credit cards issued to its clients, some
of which are overdue for long.
While conducting the audit, the auditors came across various
peculiarities relating to Bank Audits like classification of NPA’s, reporting
etc. to name a few.
On the basis of above facts, please suggest appropriate treatments in
respective cases.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 124 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

25.1 As per the provisions of relevant enactments, please advise who

can appoint auditors of a Nationalised bank.
(a) Board of Directors of the Bank
(b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(d) Central Government
25.2 The matters which the banks require their auditors to deal with
in the Long Form Audit Report is to be specified by
(a) Banking Regulation Act, 1949
(b) Central Government
(c) Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(d) Reserve Bank of India
25.3 The auditors should classify Credit card accounts as NPA, if
___________ amount due, as mentioned in the credit card
statement is not paid fully within ___________ days from next
statement date.
(a) Total, 90
(b) Minimum, 90
(c) Minimum, 30
(d) Minimum, 60
25.4 An agricultural advance is classified as NPA, if interest or
principal is overdue for ________ in case of short duration crops
or if interest or principal is overdue for ________ in case of long
duration crops.
(a) One crop season, two crop season
(b) Two crop season, one crop season
(c) 90 days, 120 days
(d) 120 days, 90 days

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 125

25.5 The bank is a consortium member of Cash Credit Facilities of Rs

100 crores to Bottle Limited. Bank's own share is Rs 20 crores
only. During the last two quarters against a debit of Rs 1.75
crores towards interest the credits in Bottle Ltd's account are to
the tune of Rs 1.25 crores only.
The auditors have classified the account of Bottle Ltd as
performing
(a) Incorrect, Bottle ltd is Non Performing Asset (NPA)
(b) Correct, Bottle ltd is performing asset
(c) Bottle Ltd’s classification is subjective
(d) None of the above.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
25.1 (a) Board of Directors of the Bank
25.2 (d) Reserve Bank of India
25.3 (b) Minimum, 90
25.4 (b) Two crop season, one crop season
25.5 (a) Incorrect, Bottle ltd is Non Performing Asset (NPA)
26. Zenith Software Ltd has appointed Ram Laxman & Associates as its
auditors for financial year 2019-2020.
The audit would cover all the usual aspects of financial auditing but
would be more focused on Systems Audit as Zenith Software is a
company which maintains its financial records extensively on digital
platform.
The processes, operations, accounting and decisions are carried out by
using computers in Zenith Software Ltd.
Standards on Auditing SA 315 and SA 330 require auditors to
understand, assess and respond to risks that arise from the use of IT
systems.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 126 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Ram Laxman & Associates have been seasoned auditors but have not
carried out Systems audit in detail.
The tools and techniques that can be used to deal with the enormous
data and information of Zenith Software Ltd. were briefed to the audit
staff by the engagement partners but they still have some queries and
doubts and seek your assistance for conducting this special assignment.
Based on below queries/cases, you are required to answer on specific
areas which require special attention while conducting audit in an
automated environment.
26.1 __________________ are policies and procedures that relate to
many applications and support the effective functioning of
application controls
(a) General IT Controls
(b) IT Dependent Manual Controls
(c) Both a) and b)
(d) None of these
26.2 The objective of which of the following is to ensure that access
to programs and data is authenticated and authorized to meet
financial reporting objectives
(a) Data Centre and Network Operations
(b) Program Change
(c) Access Security
(d) Application system, acquisition, development and
maintenance
26.3 Tools and techniques that auditors use in applying the principles
of data analytics are known as-
(a) Computer Aided Audit Technique
(b) Computer Aided Audit Tools
(c) Computer Accounting and Auditing Technique
(d) Computer Assisted Audit Technique

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 127

26.4 ____________ is a term that is used to describe a very large

computer with high computing power, memory and storage that
are required for running large business operations.
(a) Application
(b) Read Access Memory
(c) Automated
(d) Mainframe
26.5 __________ are needed to support the functioning of
____________ and both are needed to ensure complete and
accurate information processing through IT systems.
(a) Internal controls, Automated controls
(b) IT- Dependent controls, General IT controls
(c) Application controls, IT- Dependent controls
(d) General IT controls, Application controls
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
26.1 (a) General IT Controls
26.2 (c) Access Security
26.3 (d) Computer Assisted Audit Technique
26.4 (d) Mainframe
26.5 (d) General IT controls, Application controls

27. ARG & Associates who have been the auditors of Sigma Ltd for the
financial year 2019-20 have concluded their audit, prepared their notes
and are ready to draft the Auditor’s Report.
As per SA 700, the auditor shall form an opinion on whether the financial
statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the
applicable financial reporting framework.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 128 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

There seems to be some confusion between the audit team members in

regard to format of Audit report, its contents, issues to be incorporated
etc. in the Auditor’s report.
Also, Sigma Ltd received a grant of ₹50 lakhs under the PM Make in
India Subsidy Scheme for acquiring machinery for setting up new plant.
The entire grant received was credited to Profit and Loss Account.
Mr Ram and Mr Sham (two partners of ARG & Associates) differ on an
audit point relating to audit of Sigma Ltd. Mr Ram is of the view that it
will attract qualification however Mr Sham disagreed with his opinion.
Based on above facts, you are required to answer below questions which
require special attention while preparing the Audit report of Sigma Ltd.
27.1 The auditor shall express ________________ when the auditor
concludes that the financial statements are prepared, in all
material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial
reporting framework.
(a) qualified opinion
(b) adverse opinion
(c) unmodified opinion
(d) disclaimer of opinion
27.2 In relation to grant of ₹50 lakhs, while preparing the audit
report, the auditor needs to:
(a) qualify the report stating the fact that the income has
been overstated to the extent of the amount of grant net
of proportionate credit that would have been worked out.
(b) qualify the report stating the fact that the income has
been understated to the extent of the amount of grant
net of proportionate debit that would have been worked
out.
(c) express unmodified opinion as Accounting Standard-12
allow the recognition of grant received as income.
(d) None of the above

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 129

27.3 The auditor shall express __________________ when the

auditor, having obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence,
concludes that misstatements, individually or in the aggregate,
are both material and pervasive to the financial statements.
(a) qualified opinion
(b) adverse opinion
(c) unmodified opinion
(d) disclaimer of opinion
27.4 Assume Mr Ram and Mr Sham from two different joint auditor’s
firms. How audit report should be made in circumstances where
two joint auditors have difference of opinion in relation to a
specific issue -
(a) The view of Mr Ram will prevail because of prudence
(b) Joint Auditors should come at a common point and give
opinion accordingly
(c) The matter should be referred to a senior joint auditor
firm
(d) Mr Ram and Mr Sham would issue separate audit reports
27.5 Communicating key audit matters in the auditor’s report is
(a) not a substitute for disclosures in the financial statements
that the applicable financial reporting framework requires
management to make, or that are otherwise necessary to
achieve fair presentation.
(b) a substitute for the auditor expressing a modified opinion
when required by the circumstances of a specific audit
engagement in accordance with SA 705.
(c) a substitute for reporting in accordance with SA 570 when
a material uncertainty exists relating to events or
conditions that may cast significant doubt on an entity’s
ability to continue as a going concern;
(d) a separate opinion on individual matters.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 130 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
27.1 (c) unmodified opinion
27.2 (a) qualify the report stating the fact that the income
has been overstated to the extent of the amount of
grant net of proportionate credit that would have
been worked out
27.3 (b) adverse opinion
27.4 (d) Mr Ram and Mr Sham would issue separate audit
reports
27.5 (a) not a substitute for disclosures in the financial
statements that the applicable FRF requires
management to make, or that are otherwise
necessary to achieve fair presentation.
28. Ravish and Co, a chartered accountancy firm, has been auditing the
books of PQ groups of banks, from the past 6 years. Ravish and Co. has
a good standing reputation as auditor and there are regular quality
control activities performed by the firm’s engagement partner. The
recent weekly meeting of the firm’s staff included discussions on each
of the element of the firm’s system of quality control as per SQC 1 and
code of ethics as per SA 200.
During the 7th year of audit, there have been some changes in the bank
due to which the firm is considering revision of audit terms as per SA
210. Also, new laws and updates in the field of accounting makes the
auditor feel that the financial reporting framework used by the bank is
not acceptable as per law and is considering the impact of this on his
audit report.
Owing to the changes, Mr. Ravish instructs his articles to go through the
audit programme once again and make necessary changes to it. He also
reviews the audit plan developed for the bank.
After the above exercise of re-planning and revision in terms of the
engagement as per SA 210, Mr. Ravish and Co. carries on the audit of
the 7th year and observes the following issues:

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 131

a) As per the Income Tax Act 1961, the banks are to report certain
high value transactions to the department. On verification of
certain records, the auditor suspects that there is non-
compliance with the law and in his judgment; the effect of the
suspected non-compliance may be material to the financial
statements. On discussion with management, he does not get
sufficient information supportive that the bank is in compliance
with the law.
b) The management of the bank shows recent investigation reports
by external authorities to the auditor wherein red flags have been
raised in the internal control system of the bank. The
management blames the auditor that he has not audited the
entity’s internal system correctly and threatens to hold the
auditor responsible for the same.
Considering the above facts, answer the following questions by choosing
the correct answer.
28.1 Which among the following is NOT an element of firm’s system
of quality control?
(a) Ethical Requirements
(b) Acceptance and continuance of client relationships and
specific engagements
(c) Engagement review
(d) Monitoring
28.2 When conducting an audit of financial statement, which of the
following is NOT a fundamental principle of professional ethics?
(a) Integrity
(b) Professional Skepticism
(c) Confidentiality
(d) Objectivity

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 132 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

28.3 Which of the following statement is incorrect considering the

context of revision in audit terms as per SA 210?
(a) Indication that the entity has misunderstood the objective
and scope of the audit
(b) A significant change in ownership of the bank
(c) A change in legal or regulatory requirements
(d) Significant change in the audit team
28.4 The auditor has found that the financial reporting framework
provided by law or regulation is unacceptable. What should be
the impact of this on his report?
(a) Issue an adverse opinion owing to unacceptable financial
reporting framework
(b) Include an “Emphasis of Matter Paragraph” drawing
user’s attention to additional disclosures other than those
as per law.
(c) Include an “Other Matter paragraph” drawing user’s
attention to additional disclosure other than those as per
law.
(d) No need of any mention in report as law or regulation has
prescribed the framework and law holds highest
authority.
28.5 Which among the following best defines an Audit Programme?
(a) An audit programme consists of a series of verification
procedures to be applied to the financial statements and
accounts of a given company for the purpose of obtaining
sufficient evidence to enable the auditor to express an
informed opinion on such statements.
(b) An audit programme is a statement containing the details
of the hours worked, work done and output achieved by
the staff of the audit firm used by the principal for review
purpose

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 133

(c) An audit programme is a checklist developed by the audit

firm covering verification aspects which are common to
clients handled by the audit firm.
(d) An audit programme is the policies and procedures
adopted by the company for ensuring orderly and efficient
conduct of audit, including timely provision of records to
auditors and prompt response to audit queries.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
28.1 (c) Engagement review
28.2 (b) Professional Skepticism
28.3 (d) Significant change in the audit team
28.4 (b) Include an “Emphasis of Matter Paragraph”
drawing user’s attention to additional disclosures
other than those as per law.
28.5 (a) An audit programme consists of a series of
verification procedures to be applied to the
financial statements and accounts of a given
company for the purpose of obtaining sufficient
evidence to enable the auditor to express an
informed opinion on such statements.
29. Deenan and Co. is the auditor of a service industry Niranjan Groups.
The auditor during the course of identifying and assessing the risk of
material misstatement through understanding the entity and its
environment and during the course of performing the audit procedures
comes across the following circumstances:
Issue 1: The auditor, in general, finds that there are a lot of
discrepancies in accounting. These circumstances indicate to the auditor
that there is a possibility of fraud.
Issue 2: The auditor finds that there is something unusual about the
balances outstanding in the receivables. Date wise verification of the
bank reconciliation performed by the auditor has resulted in mismatch
in dates in most of the receivable ledger. The auditor has identified a

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 134 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

pattern in the mismatches. He suspects that there might be a

misappropriation of cash and the detection of this misappropriation is
being prevented by crediting the amount received subsequently to the
account of customer who paid earlier.
Issue 3: On deeper scrutiny, the auditor also finds that the company is
holding significant bank accounts and having branch operations in tax
haven jurisdictions. Also, there are significant related party transactions
which do not appear to be in the ordinary course of business.
Issue 4: During the course of verification, it is found by the auditor that
there is no proper hierarchy and approval procedure for the senior
management expenditure such as travel re-imbursement.
Issue 5: The auditor also assesses and suspects material
misstatements in asset value. As a response to this, he plans to carry
out physical observation of certain assets by using computer assisted
audit techniques.
From the above facts, answer the following questions by choosing the
right option.
29.1 Which among the following is NOT a fraud risk factor leading to
a fraud in an organization?
(a) Incentive or pressure to commit fraudulent financial
reporting
(b) A perceived opportunity to commit fraud
(c) Individuals being able to rationalize the act of committing
a fraudulent act
(d) Taking undue advantage of the inefficient internal control
in the organization
29.2 What is the kind of fraud that the auditor has faced in Issue 2
raised in the case above?
(a) Teeming and Lading
(b) Cash skimming

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 135

(c) Defalcation of cash by inflating cash payment

(d) Misappropriation of receivables
29.3 Which among the following statement is incorrect in the context
of the two types of fraud “Fraudulent financial reporting” and
“Misappropriation of assets”?
(a) Fraudulent financial reporting is achieved by
manipulation, falsification or alteration of accounting
records from which financial statements are prepared
(b) Misappropriation of assets is achieved by intentional
misapplication of accounting principles relating to
amount, classification, presentation and disclosure.
(c) Fraudulent financial reporting is achieved by management
override of controls
(d) Misappropriation of assets is achieved by causing an
entity to pay for goods and services not received.
29.4 Issue 3 identified by the auditor is a fraud risk factor. What is
the condition created by that fraud risk factor and what fraud
does it result in?
(a) The risk factor creates a rationalization for the fraud and
results in a misstatement due to fraudulent financial
reporting.
(b) The risk factor creates an incentive/pressure for the fraud
and results in a misstatement due to misappropriation of
assets
(c) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for the
fraud and results in misstatement due to fraudulent
financial reporting.
(d) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for the
fraud and results in misstatement due to misappropriation
of assets.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 136 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

29.5 Issue 4 identified by the auditor is also a fraud risk factor. What
is the condition created by that fraud risk factor and what fraud
does it result in?
(a) The risk factor creates a rationalization for the fraud and
results in a misstatement due to fraudulent financial
reporting.
(b) The risk factor creates an incentive/pressure for the fraud
and results in a misstatement due to misappropriation of
assets
(c) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for the
fraud and results in misstatement due to fraudulent
financial reporting.
(d) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for the
fraud and results in misstatement due to misappropriation
of assets.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.

29.1 (d) Taking undue advantage of the inefficient internal

control in the organization

29.2 (a) Teeming and Lading

29.3 (b) Misappropriation of assets is achieved by

intentional misapplication of accounting principles
relating to amount, classification, presentation and
disclosure.

29.4 (c) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for

the fraud and results in misstatement due to
fraudulent financial reporting.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 137

29.5 (d) The risk factor creates a perceived opportunity for

the fraud and results in misstatement due to
misappropriation of assets.

30. PK & Associates, a 20 year old CA firm was duly appointed as Statutory
Auditors of one of the major branches of KBC Bank Ltd., a Nationalised
bank , as per the applicable procedure of the appointment of auditors.
The Engagement Partner, CA Raman Kumar, carries out discussions with
the Engagement team on how to plan, start & conclude this Statutory
Bank Audit. He also makes them aware of the importance of such
Engagement discussion. CA Raman also discusses with other Partners
of the firm regarding the Professional Remuneration the firm will be
getting against the completion of this Statutory Audit assignment as
fixed by the relevant authorities in this case.
He tells the engagement team about various reports they would be
required to issue after the conclusion of audit as the Statutory auditors
such as the Statutory Report , LFAR , etc. During the course of the audit
, the audit team suspects a fraud having been committed in the Bank
branch involving an amount of INR 2.5 crores and they report of the
same to the Bank’s Board of Directors (BOD) but receive no reply against
it from them and therefore proceed further as per their legal obligation
as the Statutory auditors.
They also observe that more than 80% the Bank Branch’s advances
consist of Gold Loans. Also , more than 90% of the remaining advances
are overdue between 61 to 90 days but the Bank has not categorized
them accordingly.
30.1 As per CA Raman’s discussions with other partners of the firm,
their Professional remuneration as per the assignment allotted in
the above case is fixed by the
(a) The Shareholders of the Bank at their AGM.
(b) The Reserve Bank of India in consultation with the Central
Government.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 138 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) The Bank through its Board of Directors.

(d) The Central Government.
30.2 The Engagement Team’s discussions as held by CA Raman are a
part of which of the following phases of an audit?
(a) Audit Planning.
(b) Developing an Audit Programme.
(c) Risk Assessment.
(d) Audit Reporting.
30.3 Which of the following types of Audit Report do PK & Associates
will have to issue to comply with the requirements as laid down
by RBI circulars as narrated by CA Raman to the Engagement
team ?
(a) Statutory Audit Report
(b) Tax Audit Report.
(c) LFAR.
(d) GST Audit Report.
30.4 In the given case , what should be CA Raman’s legal obligation
& reporting requirement w.r.t. the fraud noticed by the team
during the course of the audit ?
(a) Report the nature of , amount & parties involved in the
fraud in his audit report .
(b) Ask for the matter to be disclosed in the Board’s Report
by the BOD..
(c) Forward the reply received from the BOD to the Central
Government along with his report and his comments upon
the reply received.
(d) Forward his Report with a Note to the Central Govt.
stating the non-receipt of any observations from the
BOD.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 139

30.5 The Bank’s major advances constitute a specific type of Loan

product. What according to you must have been the most
common form of Security Creation in the Bank against such types
of Loans?
(a) Mortgage
(b) Pledge
(c) Hypothecation
(d) Charge
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
30.1 (b) The Reserve Bank of India in consultation with the
Central Government
30.2 (a) Audit Planning.
30.3 (c) LFAR.
30.4 (d) Forward his Report with a Note to the Central
Govt. stating the non-receipt of any
observations from the BOD.

30.5 (b) Pledge

31. Kwatra & Co. is a CA firm based at New Delhi. They were appointed as
the Statutory Auditors of Mannalaxmi Bank Ltd. For the Financial year
2019-20. After having a good discussion with the Engagement team ,
CA Vikas , the Engagement Partner , started the Bank audit with his
team and made the following observations during the course of the
audit:-
• One of the borrowers , Mr. Rakesh Verma has availed a
Machinery Loan from the Bank but has not paid the EMI since
the past 100 days. However, his business is going good and the
Bank Manager is of the view that such loan need not be classified
as NPA as they have his Factory building available with them as
Mortgaged Security against the Machinery Loan and good

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 140 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

amount could be realized by its auction in the case of default by

Mr. Verma.
• Mrs. Lata , one of the prime customers of the Bank has availed
a CC facility for her Garment business , a Car Loan for her
personal purpose and an Education loan for her son’s higher
studies , all from the Bank branch under audit. She has been
regular in meeting the EMI obligations of all the loans except for
the Car loan where she has not been able to pay the EMI since
the past 4 months.
• Mr. Kapoor has been sanctioned a Cash Credit Limit of INR 55
lakhs by the Bank and the outstanding balance in his CC account
is INR 55 lakhs since the past 3 months. There are no credits
continuously for 90 days as on the date of Balance Sheet
• Sakhi Cooperative Society’s Term Loan of INR 10 lakhs has been
guaranteed by the Central Government and is overdue since the
past 120 days . The CG guarantee has not been invoked or
repudiated till now.
• Similarly , Vishwas NGO’s loan of INR 7 lakhs has been
guaranteed by the State Government but it is overdue since the
past 105 days but the Bank manager is of the view that this not
be categorized as NPA as it has been guaranteed by the State
Government and the guarantee has not been
invoked/repudiated.
• The RBI inspection team had identified a KCC Loan given to Mr.
Khara , a farmer as a Loss in its RBI Report but the Bank has not
provisioned it accordingly as the manager is hopeful of recovery
from such loan.
• There is a Term Loan advance by the Bank as a Lead Bank
together with two other major banks under a specific agreement
to a big Corporate house in the city.
31.1 Mr. Verma’s Loan account in the above case should be
categorized as-
(a) NPA because of no recovery for more than 90 days.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 141

(b) Loss asset as there are minute chances of recovery.

(c) Standard asset as per the Manager as security is available
against this loan and also the net worth of the borrower is
strong.
(d) SMA 02 Loan.
31.2 Which of the following Loan facilities given to Mrs. Lata be
categorized as NPA by the Bank -
(a) Cash Credit Facility
(b) Education Loan
(c) Car Loan
(d) All loans advanced
31.3 Mr Kapoor’s loan account as per the above case is -
(a) Overdue
(b) SMA 01
(c) Doubtful asset
(d) Out of Order
31.4 The loan sanctioned to Sakhi Cooperative Society in the above
case should be categorized as _____ for the purpose of
Provisioning of Assets but/and deemed/taken to be as _______
for the purpose of Income recognition by the Bank , respectively.
(a) NPA ; NPA.
(b) NPA ; Standard.
(c) Standard ; NPA.
(d) Standard ; Standard.
31.5 The loan sanctioned to Vishwas NGO in the above case should
be categorized as _____ for the purpose of Provisioning of Assets
but/and deemed/taken to be as _______ for the purpose of
Income recognition by the Bank , respectively.
(a) NPA ; NPA.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 142 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) NPA ; Standard.

(c) Standard ; NPA.
(d) Standard ; Standard
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
31.1 (a) NPA because of no recovery for more than 90 days.
31.2 (d) All loans advanced
31.3 (d) Out of Order
31.4 (c) Standard ; NPA.
31.5 (a) NPA ; NPA.

32. Mr. Balwant Singh, the MD of Suvidha Stores Ltd., has requested CA
Arun Kumar to carry out the Statutory Audit of his Store’s Head office
at Pune. On a discussion w.r.t. the terms of Engagement of the Audit,
Mr. Balwant tells CA Arun that he smells something fishy going on in the
Accounts department and wants CA Arun to report keeping susceptibility
of Fraud as per SA-240 in mind. CA Arun tells MR. Balwant that Fraud
results from material misstatements arising either due to Fraudulent
Financial Reporting or Misappropriation of Assets. He also tells him
about the various Fraud Risk Factors which form the reason behind
Commitment of Fraud by the employees and also tells him about his
reporting procedure. On scrutiny of the accounts of the Company and
after discussing with the employees at the Head office, CA Arun notes
down following observations:-
1. Mr. X, the Head Accountant seems to have colluded with the
Cashier Mr. Y.
2. Mr. X has reported higher than usual profits in the books of
accounts because apart from his salary, he also receives
incentives based upon the profits earned by the Co.
3. Mr. Y, the Cashier has shown some bogus expenses which have
not actually been incurred.
4. CA Arun estimates the amount involved in Fraud to be ₹ 5 crores.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 143

32.1 Fraud in the above case scenario has been committed by

resorting to which of the following Material Misstatements
identified during the audit:-
(a) Fraudulent Financial Reporting
(b) Misappropriation of Goods
(c) Defalcation of Cash
(d) Either (b) or (c)
32.2 The Fraud Risk Factor behind committing of Fraud by Mr. X in
the above case was:-
(a) Incentives or Pressure
(b) Rationalization
(c) Perceived Opportunity
(d) Adventure
32.3 How has the Fraud been Committed by Mr. X ?
(a) Manipulation/Falsification
(b) Misrepresentation
(c) Intentional Misapplication of Application Accounting
Principles
(d) Error
32.4 Mr. Y resorted to Defalcation of Cash by
(a) Inflating Cash Payments
(b) Suppressing Cash Receipts
(c) Casting wrong totals in Cash Book
(d) Stealing Cash
32.5 CA Arun found significant unexplained items on many
reconciliations. This is an example of possibility of Fraud due to
(a) Discrepancies in accounting Records
(b) Problematic relationship between auditor & management

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 144 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Conflicting or Missing Evidence

(d) Other
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.

32.1 (a) Fraudulent Financial Reporting

32.2 (a) Incentives or Pressure

32. 3 (a) Manipulation/Falsification

32.4 (a) Inflating Cash Payments

32.5 (c) Conflicting or Missing Evidence

33. As per Section 143(5) of the Companies Act, the power to appoint
auditor of Government Company or any other company owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Central Government, or by any
State Government/s rests with Comptroller & Auditor General of India.
Sigma & Associates ( a practicing Chartered Accountant firm) having
good practice spread across regions, industries now applied to
Comptroller & Auditor General of India for allotment of audits of
Government departments, Local bodies, Co-operative societies etc.
The firm is also interested in taking up LLP audits and wants to know
peculiarities related to LLP audits in accordance with LLP Rules 2009.
Two senior Chartered Accountants are entrusted for this division within
Sigma & Associates. Both of them are seasoned and highly experienced
Chartered Accountants.
Based on below queries/cases, you are required to answer on specific
cases which require special attention while conducting audit of
Government departments, Local bodies, Co-operative societies etc.
33.1 Public money should not be utilized for the benefit of a particular
person or a section of the community or for the person who is
sanctioning the expenditure. These are the principles covered in

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 145

(a) Performance Audit

(b) Audit against rules and orders
(c) Propriety Audit
(d) Efficiency Audit
33.2 In case of co- operative societies, bad debts and irrecoverable
losses before being written off against Bad Debt funds, Reserve
fund etc. should be certified as bad debts or irrecoverable losses
by the
(a) auditor where the law so requires
(b) the managing committee of the society , when law is
silent as to certification by auditor
(c) the managing committee of the society , irrespective of
the provisions of the law
(d) Both (a) and (b)
33.3 As per Rule 24 of LLP Rules, 2009, Statement of Account and
Solvency shall be filed in ____________ with the ____________,
within a period of _________________.
(a) Form 5, SEBI, 30 days from the end of 3 months of the
financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates.
(b) Form 5, Registrar, 30 days from the end of 6 months of
the financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates.
(c) Form 8, SEBI, 30 days from the end of 3 months of the
financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates.
(d) Form 8, Registrar, 30 days from the end of 6 months of
the financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 146 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

33.4 LLP, whose turnover does not exceed ` ________ or whose

contribution does not exceed ` _________, is not required to
get its accounts audited.
(a) 40 Lakhs, 25 Lakhs
(b) 50 Lakhs, 25 Lakhs
(c) 40 Lakhs, 20 Lakhs
(d) 60 Lakhs, 30 Lakhs
33.5 Which of the following matter is not required to be inquired by
auditor of multi-state co-operative society under Sec. 73(2) of
Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002:
(a) Whether loans and advances made on the basis of
security have been properly secured and whether the
terms on which they have been made are not prejudicial
to the interests of the society or its members;
(b) Whether transactions which are represented merely by
book entries are not prejudicial to the interest of Society;
(c) Whether personal expenses have been charged to
revenue account; and
(d) Whether loans and advances shown as deposits.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.

33.1 (c) Propriety Audit

33.2 (d) Both (a) and (b)

33.3 (d) Form 8, Registrar, 30 days from the end of 6

months of the financial year to which the
Statement of Account and Solvency relates

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 147

33.4 (a) 40 Lakhs, 25 Lakhs

33.5 (d) Whether loans and advances shown as deposits.

34. Sargam Ltd appoints Kishore & Mukesh as statutory auditors for the
financial year 2019-2020.
Kishore & Mukesh seem to have different opinions on Audit approach to
be adopted for audit of Sargam Ltd.
Kishore wants to check all transactions without exception in order to
ensure that nothing is missed from the scope so as to give them
(auditors) reasonable assurance on the coverage of Audit.
On the other hand, Mukesh is of the opinion that 100% checking is not
required and they can rely on Audit Sampling techniques in order to
provide them a reasonable basis on which they can draw conclusions
about the entire population.
Based on above facts, please respond to below queries posed by them
as per SA 530.
34.1 Sampling risk can lead to two types of erroneous conclusions one
of them is when test of control appears to be more effective than
they actually are which affects ________________and is more
likely to lead to an inappropriate audit opinion.
(a) audit efficiency
(b) audit effectiveness
(c) audit quality
(d) none of the above
34.2 When auditor decides to select less than 100% of the population
for testing, the auditor is said to be using___________________
(a) Audit sampling
(b) Representative sampling
(c) Test Checking
(d) Internal Audit

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 148 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

34.3 Tolerable error is _______________ in population that auditor is

willing to _______________ for a given sample size.
(a) Minimum, Forego
(b) Maximum, Forego
(c) Minimum, Accept
(d) Maximum, Accept
34.4 The application of audit sampling is such that all sampling units
have a chance of selection in order to draw conclusion about the
_______.
(a) Entire population
(b) Selective population
(c) Audited population
(d) Universe
34.5 ____________________ is a method of audit testing which is
more scientific than testing based entirely on the auditor’s own
judgement because it involves use of mathematical laws of
probability in determining the appropriate sample size.
(a) Statistical Sampling
(b) Non statistical Sampling
(c) Haphazard Sampling
(d) Cluster Sampling
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
34.1 (b) audit effectiveness
34.2 (a) Audit sampling
34.3 (d) Maximum, Accept
34.4 (a) Entire Population
34.5 (a) Statistical Sampling

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 149

35. Auditors while conducting audits are governed by SA 230 “Audit

Documentation” in relation to record of audit procedures performed,
relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached.
CA. Harry is a statutory auditor of Potter Ltd. The auditor of Rowling
Ltd. a parent company of Potter Ltd. asked Harry the working papers of
Potter Ltd for commenting on the important requirement of the Central
Government.
Also, CA. Bean is statutory auditor of Rowling Ltd. against which Income
tax department started search and seizer procedure .CA. Bean was
asked for the working papers of the company on the directions and
permission of CIT (A) to provide for the relevant information asked.
Based on the above specific cases and in general, answer the following
questions as per guidance provided by SA 230.
35.1 _______ is the file containing the records and data that comprise
the audit documentation for a specific engagement.
(a) Audit file
(b) Engagement file
(c) Working file
(d) Client’s file
35.2 Which of the following does not affects form, content & extent
of documentation
(a) Size and complexity of the entity
(b) nature of audit team who will perform audit
(c) identified Risk of material misstatement
(d) audit methodology and tools to be used
35.3 If in exceptional circumstances the auditor departs from
Standards on Auditing, he shall___________
(a) Document the reason for departure
(b) document how the alternative procedures were
performed for achieving the objective

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 150 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) Auditor is not allowed to depart from SAs.
35.4 Which of the following is not true of working papers?
(a) They record the audit evidence to provide support for the
auditor’s opinion
(b) They assist in review of the audit work
(c) They are a direct aid in the planning of the audit
(d) They provide proof of the correctness of the financial
statements.
35.5 Can CA. Bean provide access to working papers to Income Tax
department during search & seizure operation?
(a) CA. Bean can provide as it is the requirement of law
(b) CA. Bean is guilty of professional misconduct
(c) CA. Bean should not provide the working paper
(d) None of the above
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
35.1 (a) Audit file
35.2 (b) nature of audit team who will perform audit
35.3 (c) Both (a) and (b)
35.4 (d) They provide proof of the correctness of the
financial statements.
35.5 (a) CA. Bean can provide as it is the requirement of law

36. Cheenu & Co are the auditors of a manufacturing industry. During the
course of the audit, the following are the observations:
a) Due to paucity of time, one of the partners of Cheenu & Co.
suggests that the team may complete the audit procedures and

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 151

issue the audit report. They may carry out the audit
documentation at a later stage.
b) Cheenu & Co. has identified the benchmark for the materiality
level. However, there is a difference of opinion in documenting
materiality for the financial statements. One of the partners is of
the opinion that there is no need to document the same as per
SA 230.
c) During the course of the audit, Cheenu & Co. wants to verify the
inventory of the company held under the custody and control of
the third party. The management refuses the same as it is not
practicable.
d) There exists a litigation matter in which the auditor assesses a
risk of material misstatement and wants to directly communicate
with the entity’s external legal counsel. The management
however refuses to give the auditor permission to communicate
or meet the entity’s external legal counsel. Further, the auditor
is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence by
performing alternate procedures.
From the above information, answer the following by choosing the
correct option:
36.1 As per SQC1, what is the retention period of the audit
documentation?
(a) It should be no shorter than seven years from the date of
the auditor’s report.
(b) It should be no shorter than eight years from the date of
the auditor’s report
(c) There is no such retention period; audit documentation
must be there permanently as a defense in favor of the
auditor in any litigation
(d) It should be no shorter than eight years from the date of
entering into the audit agreement with client

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 152 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

36.2 As part of the audit documentation, the auditor may consider it

helpful to prepare and retain a summary that describes
significant matters identified during the audit and how they were
addressed. What is this summary known as?
(a) Audit File
(b) Completion Memorandum
(c) Evidence summary
(d) Control Memorandum
36.3 How should the auditor verify the inventory held in custody with
the third party?
(a) SA 501 mandates auditor to verify the same physically,
hence management refusal will lead to a disclaimer of
opinion
(b) The auditor should perform other procedures like
requesting confirmation from third party or inspecting
documentation like warehouse receipts to confirm
existence of the inventory
(c) The auditor should obtain written representation from
management on the inventory held in custody with third
party
(d) Inventory of client held with third party is outside the
scope of audit; hence auditor need not verify the same
for his audit opinion on the financial statements.
36.4 Is the opinion of the auditor on not to document the materiality
level correct?
(a) Yes, SA 230 does not prescribe any documentation of
materiality level as it is derived out of auditor’s
professional judgment.
(b) Yes, none of the auditing standards prescribe
documentation of materiality level.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 153

(c) No, though SA 230 does not prescribe any

documentation, it should be documented as per SA 320.
(d) No, SA 230 explicitly states that materiality level should
be documented.
36.5 Which among the following is not a factor for identification of an
appropriate benchmark?
(a) The elements of the financial statements
(b) The relative volatility of the benchmark
(c) The entity’s ownership structure and the way it is
financed.
(d) Previous experience of audit with the entity
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
36.1 (a) It should be no shorter than seven years from the
date of the auditor’s report.
36.2 (b) Completion Memorandum
36.3 (b) The auditor should perform other procedures like
requesting confirmation from third party or
inspecting documentation like warehouse receipts to
confirm existence of the inventory
36.4 (c) No, though SA 230 does not prescribe any
documentation, it should be documented as per SA
320.
36.5 (d) Previous experience of audit with the entity

37. A Partnership Firm of Chartered Accountants by the name of WN and

Associates was appointed to audit books of accounts of Healthy and
Talented Private Limited for the financial year 2020-21. WN and
Associates consisted of two partners, Mr. W and Mr. N. The main
responsibility to audit books of accounts of Healthy and Talented Private
Limited for the financial year 2020-21 was given to Mr. W by WN and
Associates. A team of seven members was provided to Mr. W for the

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 154 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

purpose of helping him in conducting the audit of Healthy and Talented

Private Limited for the financial year 2020-21.
In the initial stages of conducting audit of Healthy and Talented Private
Limited, Mr. W decided to evaluate internal control operating in the
company. To gather information required for evaluation of internal
control, Mr. W asked his team members to suggest a method which
would help in gathering information so that internal control of the
company can be evaluated.
First team member of team helping Mr. W suggested that they should
follow a method, according to which number of instructions were
required to be followed to collect information about internal control.
The second team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a method
in which complete description of internal control in operation is
recorded.
The third team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a method in
which internal control of a company is presented in graphic form.
The fourth team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a method in
which a series of questions were required to be answered which would
provide information for internal control.
After analyzing all the suggestions Mr. W was satisfied with the
suggestion of the third team member because according to Mr. W the
suggestion of third team member was suitable from WN and Associates
point of view and also from the point of view of Healthy and Talented
Private Limited.
Keeping the basic concepts of Internal Control in mind, answer the
following multiple choice questions:
37.1 In initial stage of conducting audit of Healthy and Talented
Private Limited, Mr. W decided to evaluate internal control of the
company. Evaluation of internal control is very important part of:
(a) Audit Report.
(b) Audit Evidence.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 155

(c) Audit Documentation.

(d) Audit Programme.
37.2 The first team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a
method according to which, number of instructions were required
to be followed to collect information about internal control. This
method is called as :
(a) Flow Chart.
(b) Check List.
(c) Narrative Record.
(d) Questionnaire.
37.3 The second team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a
method in which complete description of internal control in
operation is recorded. This method is known as :
(a) Narrative Record.
(b) Flow Chart.
(c) Questionnaire.
(d) Check List.
37.4 The third team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a
method in which internal control of company is presented in
graphic form. This method of gathering information so that
internal control can be evaluated is known as :
(a) Check List.
(b) Questionnaire.
(c) Flow Chart.
(d) Narrative Record.
37.5 The fourth team member of team helping Mr. W suggested a
method in which a series of questions were required to be
answered to gather information for internal control. This method
of gathering information so that internal control can be evaluated
is called as :

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 156 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(a) Questionnaire.
(b) Flow Chart.
(c) Narrative Record.
(d) Check List.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
37.1 (d) Audit Programme.
37.2 (b) Check List.
37.3 (a) Narrative Record.
37.4 (c) Flow Chart.
37.5 (a) Questionnaire.

38. During the financial year 2020-21, a Partnership Firm of Chartered

Accountants HW and Associates was appointed to audit the books of
accounts of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious Limited. HW and
Associates consists of two partners, Mr. H and Mr. W. While auditing the
books of accounts of the above mentioned company for the financial
year 2020-21, Mr. H observed certain accounting transactions and
accounting treatments which he was not able to understand. Such
accounting transactions and accounting treatments are provided as
follows:
(1) The books of accounts of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious
Limited showed profit for the financial year 2020-21. The closing
stock was incorrectly recorded in books of accounts of the
company for ` 11,45,000. However, the actual closing stock was
of ` 11,05,000.
(2) Expenses and Incomes were not recorded on Accrual Basis and
such fact was not disclosed in the financial statements.
(3) Each and every type of inventory was valued at higher of Cost
and Market Value.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 157

(4) An amount of ` 15,500 received in cash from one of the trade

receivable was presented in the cash flow statement as Inflow of
Cash of ` 15,500 from Investing Activities.
(5) A payment of ` 16,600 was done in cash for the purpose of
purchasing Machinery 22. This accounting transaction was
presented in the cash flow statement as Inflow of Cash of `
16,600 from Financing Activities.
(6) Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious Limited received certain
amount in cash on issue of shares. One such amount of ` 19,100
received in cash was presented as Outflow of Cash of ` 19,100
from Operating Activities in the Cash Flow Statement.
(7) Fair Value of Equipment 31 = ` 1,07,300.
Carrying Amount of Equipment 31 = ` 90,400.
Residual Value of Equipment 31 = ` 79,600.
No depreciation was charged on Equipment 31 for the financial year
2020-21 as Management of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious
Limited was of the opinion that no depreciation would be charged as
Fair Value of Equipment 31 was more than Carrying Amount of
Equipment 31.
Keeping the basic concepts of Accounting Standard 1 relating to
Disclosure of Accounting Policies, Accounting Standard 2 relating to
Valuation of Inventories, Accounting Standard 3 relating to Cash Flow
Statements, Accounting Standard 10 relating to Property, Plant and
Equipment and Audit of Items of Financial Statements in mind answer
the multiple choice questions that follow:
38.1 Closing Stock of ` 11,05,000 was incorrectly recorded in books
of accounts of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious Limited for
` 11,45,000. This means profit before correction in books of
accounts of the company was:
(a) Understated by ` 20,000.
(b) Understated by ` 40,000.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 158 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(c) Overstated by ` 20,000.

(d) Overstated by ` 40,000.
38.2 Inventory of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious Limited must
be valued at:
(a) Cost.
(b) Lower of Cost and Net Realizable Value.
(c) Market Value.
(d) Higher of Cost and Net Realizable Value.
38.3 The amount of ` 15,500 which was received in cash from one of
the trade receivable of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious
Limited, must be presented in Cash Flow Statement as:
(a) Inflow of Cash of ` 15,500 from Miscellaneous Activities.
(b) Inflow of Cash of ` 15,500 from Operating Activities.
(c) Inflow of Cash of ` 15,500 from Investing Activities.
(d) Inflow of Cash of ` 15,500 from Financing Activities.
38.4 For the purpose of purchasing Machinery 22, a payment of
` 16,600 was done by Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious
Limited in cash. This accounting transaction must be presented
in the Cash Flow Statement as:
(a) Outflow of Cash of ` 16,600 from Investing Activities.
(b) Outflow of Cash of ` 16,600 from Operating Activities.
(c) Outflow of Cash of ` 16,600 from Financing Activities.
(d) Outflow of Cash of ` 16,600 from Miscellaneous Activities.
38.5 During the financial year 2020-21, the fair value of Equipment
31 of Extremely Healthy and Very Delicious Limited was more
than the carrying amount of Equipment 31. In this situation
which of the following statement is correct:

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 159

(a) No depreciation would be charged on Equipment 31 for

the financial year 2020-21 as Fair Value was more than
Carrying Amount for Equipment 31.
(b) No depreciation would be charged on Equipment 31 for
the financial year 2020-21 as Fair Value was more than
Residual Value for Equipment 31.
(c) Depreciation would be charged on Equipment 31 for the
financial year 2020-21 as Carrying Amount was less than
Fair Value for Equipment 31.
(d) Depreciation would be charged on Equipment 31 for the
financial year 2020-21 as Residual Value is less than
Carrying Amount for Equipment 31.
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
38.1 (d) Overstated by ` 40,000.
38.2 (b) Lower of Cost and Net Realizable Value.
38.3 (b) Inflow of Cash of ` 15,500 from Operating
Activities.
38.4 (a) Outflow of Cash of ` 16,600 from Investing
Activities.
38.5 (d) Depreciation would be charged on Equipment 31 for
the financial year 2020-21 as Residual Value is less
than Carrying Amount for Equipment 31.

39. A private company by the name of Very Composed Private Limited was
required to be audited for the financial year 2020-21. A partnership firm
of Chartered Accountants, ST and Associates was appointed as company
auditor of Very Composed Private Limited. The partnership firm ST and
Associates had two partners, Mr. S and Mr. T. During the course of audit,
one of the partners of ST and Associates, Mr. S took up one of the
important item of financial statements namely tangible fixed assets for
the purpose of audit.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 160 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

While auditing tangible fixed assets Mr. S observed various accounting

policies, procedures and principles which management of Very
Composed Private Limited had adopted for maintaining books of
accounts of the above mentioned company which he was unable to
understand. For Example:
(1) Expenses incurred on installation of new machinery purchased
were treated as revenue expenditure.
(2) Expenses incurred regarding normal maintenance of old
machinery were treated as capital expenditure.
(3) Depreciation was not charged on building of Very Composed
Private Limited on the reason that it was non – depreciating in
nature.
(4) The appropriate authority of Very Composed Private Limited had
not taken steps for assessing impairment loss on machinery.
The above mentioned four examples were some of the issues which Mr.
S was unable to understand while auditing tangible fixed assets of Very
Composed Private Limited.
Keeping the basic concepts and accounting principles regarding tangible
fixed assets in mind answer the following multiple choice questions that
follow:
39.1 Expenses incurred on installation of new machinery by Very
Composed Private Limited should be treated as:
(a) Revenue Expenditure
(b) Capital Expenditure
(c) Deferred Revenue Expenditure
(d) Partly Revenue Expenditure and Partly Capital
Expenditure
39.2 Expenses incurred on normal maintenance of old machinery by
Very Composed Private Limited should be treated as:
(a) Capital Expenditure
(b) Deferred Revenue Expenditure

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 161

(c) Partly Revenue Expenditure and Partly Capital

Expenditure
(d) Revenue Expenditure
39.3 In books of accounts of Very Composed Private Limited, building
should be treated as:
(a) Depreciating Tangible Fixed Asset
(b) Non-Depreciating Tangible Fixed Asset
(c) Depreciating Intangible Fixed Asset
(d) Non-Depreciating Intangible Fixed Asset
39.4 In example 4 in integrated case scenario above, Mr. S mentions
about appropriate authority of Very Composed Private Limited
which has not taken steps for assessing impairment loss on
machinery. By appropriate authority Mr. S was referring to:
(a) Members of Very Composed Private Limited
(b) All employees of Very Composed Private Limited
(c) Management of Very Composed Private Limited
(d) Any one Director of Very Composed Private Limited
39.5 The method of depreciation used by Very Composed Private
Limited must be such that it allocates amount of depreciation of
a tangible fixed asset in a systematic manner over its:
(a) Complete Life
(b) Service life
(c) Economic life
(d) Useful Life
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
39.1 (b) Capital Expenditure
39.2 (d) Revenue Expenditure

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 162 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

39.3 (a) Depreciating Tangible Fixed Asset

39.4 (c) Management of Very Composed Private Limited
39.5 (d) Useful Life

40. Vyom is a CA student who has just enrolled for his articleship training
with M/s Kumar & Co., a LLP of Chartered Accountants with Mr. Kumar
& Mr. Kanwar as its designated Partners. Vyom has only theoretical
knowledge till now of accounting work and wants to gain practical
knowledge of Accounting & Auditing. He asks Mr. Kumar to take him to
important assignments along with him so that he can also get exposure
to practical auditing. Mr. Kumar, sensing his ambition, advises him to
proceed slowly with less complex work in the beginning to understand
the process of accounting and auditing from the core instead of jumping
directly to be a part of the engagement teams for large audits. He
assigns him a small audit of a sole trader Client ‘X’ and asks him to
document each and every step of the Audit Programme being handed
over to him as a part of the audit team auditing the accounts of Mr. X.
Mr X follows accrual system of accounting.
Vyom, on advice from Mr. Kumar, reads first about the Financial
Statements, their inclusions and assertions they contain. He learns that
a ‘Financial Statement Audit’ is the most common one but different from
all other audits. In preparing the financial statements, an entity’s
management makes implicit or explicit claims known as assertions
regarding the completeness, existence/occurrence, valuation/
measurement, rights and obligations and presentation and disclosure of
financial statement items. While auditing the books of Mr. X, he
observes the following and documents audit evidence gathered by him:-
 Assets have been shown at their Historical Cost in the Balance
Sheet.
 Prepaid & Outstanding Expenses have not been accounted for as
per accrual basis.
 Specific audit procedures to check the consistency of audit
evidence obtained externally with those generated internally
have been carried out.

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 MCQs & CASE SCENARIOS 163

CA Kumar discusses the evidence collected by Vyom and tells him that
they are insufficient and makes him aware of the factors which he needs
to consider in his future audits as to determine the sufficiency of audit
evidence collected.
40.1 Company X’s Balance-Sheet shows Building with carrying amount
of INR 5 Lakh, the auditor gathers evidence about the Company’s
ownership and control over such building. This is an assertion
w.r.t-
(a) Completeness
(b) Valuation
(c) Existence
(d) Rights & Obligations.
40.2 The Advance Salary given to Mr. Y in the above case has not
been accounted for properly in the accounts of the Company and
shown on payment basis only. This is a violation of assertion of:
(a) Completeness
(b) Valuation
(c) Rights and obligations
(d) Existence
40.3 Relating and tallying information obtained from audit evidence
internally and externally is an example of ________ evidences as
observed in the above case.
(a) Corroborative
(b) Supplementary
(c) Contrasting
(d) Contradictory
40.4 Which assertion would Vyom find to be common among Income
Statement and Balance Sheet.
(a) Existence

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

 164 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

(b) Valuation
(c) Completeness
(d) Measurement
40.5 Sufficiency of the Audit Evidence collected as per the above case
is referred to by CA Kumar as_____ of Audit Evidence?
(a) Quality
(b) Quantum
(c) Source
(d) Form
Answer Key
Question Answer
No.
40.1 (d) Rights & Obligations.
40.2 (a) Completeness
40.3 (d) Contradictory
40.4 (c) Completeness
40.5 (b) Quantum

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India