INFORMATION
It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of
the crime or criminal activities.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION AS TO ITS SOURCES
1. Regular Sources
2. Cultivated Sources
3. Grapevines sources
METHODS USED IN ACQUIRING INFORMATION
1. ELICITATION
Obtain information through the process of direct communication.
One or more of the parties to the communication is/are unaware of the specific
purpose of the conversation.
Phases:
1. Determination of the mission.
2. Selection of the subject.
3. Accomplishment of the mission.
Devices in the conduct of elicitation
A. Approach is the process of setting people to start talking.
Types:
1. Flattery – people are susceptible to praise.
Variants:
Teacher-pupil approach – subject is treated as an authority.
Kindred Soul approach – subject is placed in a pedestal having some specialized
quality
Good Samaritan approach – sincere and valid offers of help and assistance are
made to the subject.
Partial disagreement approach –produce talking by the word “I’m sure” if I fully
agree.
2. Provocative approach – utilization of conversational gambits.
Variants:
Teaser Bait Approach – elicitor accumulates the sources of knowledge about a
particular subject.
Manhattan from Missouri Approach – elicitor adapts an unbelievable attitude
above anything.
Joe Blow Approach – it is “I know the answer to everything” approach.
National Pride Approach – defend their country and its policies.
B. Probe is the process to keep the person or subject talking incessantly.
Types:
1. Competition Probe –used in connection with the teacher-pupil approach.
2. Clarity probe – used to elicit information in an area which the response is not clear.
3. High Pressure probe – it serves to pin down a subject in a specific area
4. Hypothetical probe – it presents hypothetical situation
2. CASING -It literally means putting a thing or place in a case
Methods:
1. Personal reconnaissance
2. Map reconnaissance
3. Research
4. Prior information
5. Hearsay
Information desired in Casing
1. Area condition and habit
2. Active opposition
3. Disposal plan – in case of possible compromise
4. Escape and evasion
3. SURVEILLANCE - consist of keeping persons, place or other targets under physical
observation
Definitions of Terms
1. Pre-surveillance Conference is a conference held before a surveillance is
conducted.
2. Stake-out is the observation of places or areas from a fixed point.
3. Tailing or Shadowing is the observation of a person’s movement.
4. Undercover man is a person trained to observe and penetrate certain organization
suspected of illegal activities
5. Liaison Program is the assignment of trained intelligence personnel to other
agencies in order to obtain information
6. Safe house is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment, where police
undercover men meet his action agent.
7. Drop is a convenient, secured, and unsuspecting place where agents can leave
notes, small package or envelope.
8. Convoy is an accomplice or associate of the subject.
9. Decoy any person almost similar to the subject used to avoid or elude surveillance.
10. Contact refers to any person whom the subject picks or deals with while he is under
surveillance.
11. Made occurs the operation was compromised.
12. Lost happens when the agent do not know the whereabouts of their subject.
13. Rabbit (Hare) is a term referring to the subject of shadowing and tailing.
14. Test for tailing is the common trick of the subject when he becomes conscious that
he is being tailed.
Types of Surveillance
1. According to Intensity and Sensitivity
o
Discreet
Close
Loose
2. According to Methods
o
Stationary
Moving
Technical
Shadowing, Tailing or Roping
Shadowing or tailing - act of the surveillant of following his subject to detect
criminal activities.
Roping - surveillant assumes different roles and identity in order to obtain
information.
Procedures in Fixed Surveillance
1. Using a room in a nearby house or building
2. The use of listening devices and to record them.
3. Other surveillant may remain outdoor
Tools Used in Fixed Surveillance
1. Binocular or telescopes
2. Movie Cameras with telephoto lens
3. Wire tapping device with tape recording apparatus.
4. Other listening devices
5. In case there is difficulty in wire tapping device, an expert in lip reading must be
employed.
The Methods of Foot Surveillance
1. One Man Shadow
2. Two-Man Shadow
3. Three-Man Shadow or ABC Shadow
4. OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTIONS
Observation is the complete and accurate awareness by an individual of his
surroundings.
Description is the factual reporting of what is observed.
Psychological Processes for Accurate Observation
1. Attention
2. Perception
3. Reporting
Types of Attention
1. Involuntary
2. Voluntary
3. Habitual
Factors Governing Report
1. Vocabulary
2. Time log
3. Recurrence of similar incidents
5. CLANDESTINE OPERATION – COVERT/DISCREET - A secret action undertaken
in behalf of the government or other friendly forces.
Basic Organizational Elements
1. Sponsor
2. Target or rabbit
3. Agent or asset
Classification of Clandestine Agent
1.
1. Principal Agent
2. Action Agent
o
Spy is the primary and the most important human collector
Propagandist mold the attitudes, opinions and actions of an individual
group
Saboteur undertake positive actions against unfriendly power resulting in
the loss of an article, material or facility.
Guerilla is a member of paramilitary group organized to grass the enemy.
Strongman is an agent available to provide special protection.
Provocateur induces an opponent to act to his own detriment.
Cover Action exert influence from foreign government upon discretion of
the sponsor.
3. Support Agent
6. COVER - Cover – any device utilized conceals the true nature of its acts and/or
existence from the observer.
Essential Types of Cover
o Natural cover
o Artificial
o Cover within a cover
o Multiple cover
Hazards to Cover
o Static or document opposition (ordinary citizen)
o Unhostile active opposition (police, security agencies)
o Hostile active opposition (enemy intelligence operatives)
Cover Story – a biographical data which will portray the personality of the agent he
assumed.
Cover Support –assigned in target areas with the primary mission of supporting the
cover story.
Organizational Cover – any account consisting of biographical data which when
adopted by an individual will assume the personality he wants to adopt.
7. Undercover Assignment - An investigation technique in which an agent conceals
his official identity to obtain information.
Uses of Undercover
Used independently to get first-hand information about the subject of investigation.
Supplement other investigative techniques like:
Types of Undercover Assignment
Dwelling
Work
Social
Jurisdictional Assignment
Combination assignment
Rope job – striking up friendship with the subject.
Undercover Agent
Special Qualification
Knowledge of the language
Background regarding events
Knowledge about the customs and habits
Physical appearance
An artist or an actor
Factors to consider in the Selection of Action (Undercover) Agents
Placement
Access
Primary Access
Secondary Access
Outside Access
General Nature of Agent Handling
Sharing secret purpose.
Agent controls the agent operationally and administratively.
Rapport with each other.
Respect with each other.
Basic Agent Management
Agent handler must be in charge of the operation.
The act insure the agent adherence.
Good rapport must be established between the agent handler and the agent.
The agent handler must constantly reinforce the agent motivation.
Key Element of Agent Management
Direction and Control
a. Leadership b. Action c. Personal example
Natural Weaknesses
Agent training
Agent testing
Agent examination
Control
Authority to direct agent to carry out task or the requirements in behalf of the
clandestine organization in acceptable manner and security.
Two Categories of Control
Positive control
Negative control
Termination Problem
Amount of knowledge the agent has
Inclination to use knowledge to the disadvantage of the intelligence service.
Moral obligation to the agent
Provocation - Action taken in order to incite reaction from a known adversary or to
observe adversary.
Purposes
Reveal the true status of an assumed adversary.
Make a known adversary take seldom demanding action.
Provocateur - An individual from the enemy forces who is deliberately introduced in
our custody with a specific mission of causing some unfavorable action or reaction on
our part.
8. INFORMANT AND INFORMER
A. Informant - any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a
crime.
The Types of Informants
Anonymous Informant
Rival-Elimination Informant
False Informant
Frightened Informant
Self-Aggrandizing Informant
Confidential Informant
Mercenary Informant
Double-Crosser Informant
Women Informant
Motives of Informants
Vanity
Civic Mindedness
Fear
Repentance
Steps of Informants Recruitment (SIAT)
Selection
Investigation
Approach
Testing
Factors to consider in Informant Recruitment
Sex
Health
Ability
Age
Education
Personality
Dismissal of Informants
The handler should avoid antagonizing the informant.
Explain properly and humanely the reasons of dismissal.
If file of the informant exists, dismissal must be in writing for future references.
B. The Informer is a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis.
They are either paid regularly or in a case-to-case basis, or none at all.
