Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
FIRST QUARTER 1: WEEK 2
Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________
Section: ____________________________________________ Date: __________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Background Information:
Communication is a process of exchanging and conveying messages or knowledge
within and through networks, environments, media, and cultures from one person to the
next. There is a wide range of ways and circumstances in which contact will manifest itself; it
can be a face-to-face encounter, a telephone call, a group discussion, a meeting or an
interview, a letter correspondence, a recitation class, and many others. Communication is a
two-way information transmission process. It involves certain elements, among others, such
as the sender, the message, and the receiver (Helmut 2012).
Models of Communication
Communication is a complex process, for it is difficult to determine how interaction
starts and ends. Communication models simplify this complex process by offering a visual
overview of the different aspects of communication experience (Helmut 2012).
1. Aristotle's Model of Communication
Aristotle's communication model is a speaker-centered model that includes five
primary elements: speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect.
● The speaker plays the most crucial and active role in the process. He or she
organizes the speech beforehand and delivers it to the target audience
according to the situation (occasion).
● The speech pertains to the message of the speaker. The purpose of the
speech is to persuade the listener.
● Occasion refers to the situation or setting. It is the setting that dictates the
message of the speaker.
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
● The audience refers to the recipient of the message. The role of
the audience is passive, influenced by the speech; hence, this makes the
communication process unidirectional, from the speaker to the audience.
● The effect refers to the result of communication, whether the audience was
persuaded or not by the speaker.
Figure 1. Aristotle's Model of Communication
The five elements of this communication model are not as active as the other models
since this is more of a linear-type model of communication. However, among these five
elements, the speaker and the speech are emphasized in this model.
Example:
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Explanation of the Example:
In listening to broadcast media like radio, the flow of communication is
only one-way. It means that the audience or recipient cannot provide
feedback to the speaker or the sender of the message during the broadcast
itself.
2. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication (1949)
The Shannon-Weaver model of communication is known as the mother of all
communication models. This model depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five (5) elements:
● information source (producer of the message);
● transmitter (encoder of the message into signals);
● channel (signals adapted for transmission);
● receiver (decoder of the message from the signal); and
● destination (receiver of the message).
Nonetheless, this model was criticized for excluding one crucial element in the
communication process: feedback. Hence, the absence of feedback leaves the speaker
clueless whether the recipient understands the message or not.
Figure 2. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Example:
Explanation of the Example:
This instance illustrates the Shannon-Weaver model of
communication because the students (receivers) were not able to respond or
give feedback to their teacher (source) during the recitation due to the noise.
3. Transaction Model of Communication
In contrast to the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way communication process with feedback being included as
one element. Within the operation, the sender and the receiver have the same roles: come
up with an idea, send a message, and react to it. This model also involves noise, which is an
ever-present aspect of this communication model that affects message reception.
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Figure 3. Transaction Model of Communication
Example:
Explanation of the Example:
The example illustrates the Transaction Model of Communication because
both teachers serve as senders of and receivers to each other's messages as one
of them sends a message, the other replies based on the message provided and
vice versa. This cycle of communication is made possible through the use of their
mobile phones. However, noise, which can be found at any point in their
conversation, may interrupt better reception of each other's messages.
4. Helical Model of Communication
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Frank E.X. Dance or Frank Dance proposed this helical model of communication,
which shows that communication is a flexible communication process. The use of helix
illustrates that "communication while moving forward is at the same time coming back upon
itself and being affected by its past behavior" (Dance 1967 in Lucero ND). This model of
communication encourages an upward and forward movement, unlike other models of
communication. It indicates that information is growing as the contact continues.
Furthermore, the helical model suggests that contact starts at birth and progresses as one
grows up and that one's responses are based on past experiences.
Figure 4. Helical Model of Communication
Example:
"When a child is born, the only means of communication is crying. He / She
cries for everything like hunger, pain, or cold. As the child grows, the means of
communication become broader and broader. He/She learns to make noises, then
he/she learns a language to obtain attention and to fulfill his/her needs (Navarro,
2014). This example illustrates the development of an individual throughout life as his
or her knowledge base deepens and expands through communication.
Learning Competency with code:
Differentiates the various models of communication (First Semester/Quarter 1/ Week
1/ EN11/12OC-Ia-3)
Exercise 1:
Instructions: For numbers 1-10, read, and identify the concept described in each sentence.
For numbers 11-15, identify the model of communication illustrated by the
scenarios. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Example: Sender 1. It refers to the term used to describe the origin of the
message.
__________1. This communication model chiefly centers on speaker and speech.
__________2. This model of communication shows that communication is a two-
way process that includes feedback as an additional element.
__________3. This is regarded as the mother of all styles of communication.
__________4. It is an element of communication that refers to the role of the
audience in Aristotle's model of communication.
__________5. It is an element of communication that negatively affects the proper
reception of the message.
__________6. This element of communication is also known as the producer of
the message in the Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication.
__________7. It is the most important element in Aristotle’s model of
communication.
__________8. This element is needed in communication in order for the
speaker/sender to know whether the receiver understands the
message or not.
__________9. This model of communication suggests that noise, a barrier to
effective communication, is a given factor that interferes at any
point in the conversation.
__________10. This linear model of communication shows the absence of noise in
the process.
__________11. President Duterte delivered his fifth State of the Nation Address
(SONA) last July 27.
__________12. In a recorded video posted on Youtube, a Department of Health
representative encouraged Filipinos to wear a face mask and face
shield when going out.
__________13. An email exchange between a teacher and a student
__________14. A Grade 11 section used Facebook Messenger to communicate
information and other announcements.
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
__________15. Ordering food or other basic necessities online
Exercise 2
Instructions: Compare and contrast the Interactive Model of Communication (Figure 5) and
the Transaction Model of Communication (Figure 3). Identify their similarities
and differences in terms of how communication happens and what elements
are involved in each model. Write your answer on the lines provided below
Figure 5. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Figure 5. Interactive Model of Communication
Photo courtesy of https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/interactive-model-
communication
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Exercise 2:
Crit
5 4 3 2
Strong main
Adequate main Weakly stated
idea Unclear main idea
idea main idea
Main Topic restated in the not restated in the
restated in the in the entire
entire entire composition
entire composition composition
composition
Supporting Three or more Two supporting One No supporting
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
supporting supporting
sentences
Sentences sentences per sentence sentence
per paragraph
paragraph per paragraph
Many errors
Several errors that Many errors that
Free from any that
Grammar do not interfere make it
error interfere with
with meaning incomprehensible
meaning
Exercise 3
Instructions: As a student, identify a real-life situation where you can apply one of the
models of communication. Indicate your chosen model of communication and
explain how the real-life situation reflects your chosen model of
communication. You need to have two (2) paragraphs for your answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Exercise 3
5 4 3 2
Presents ideas Presents ideas Ideas are
Ideas are too
Ideas in an original in a consistent vague or
general
manner manner unclear
Has some No
Shows strong Shows
organization; organization;
and organized organized
Organization attempt at the lack beginning
beginning beginning
beginning /middle /middle/
/middle /ending /middle /ending
/ending ending
Writing shows
Writing shows Writing shows a Writing shows little
strong clear adequate understanding
Understanding understanding understanding understanding of of the models
of the models of of the models of the models of of
communication communication communication communicatio
n
Sentence
Sentence Sentence
structure No sense of
Sentence structure is structure is
enhances sentence
evident; limited;
Structure meaning; flows structure or
sentences sentences need
throughout the flow
mostly flow to flow
piece
Free from any Numerous
Mechanics Few errors Several errors
error errors
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
Answer Key
Exercise 1
1. Aristotle's model of communication
2. Transaction model of communication
3. Shannon-Weaver model
4. Audience
5. Noise
6. Source
7. Speaker
8. Feedback
9. Transaction model of communication
10. Aristotle's model of communication
11. Shannon-Weaver model
12. Aristotle's model of communication
13. Transaction model of communication
14. Transaction model of communication
15. Transaction model of communication
Exercise 2
1. Answers may vary
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Exercise 3
2. Answers may vary
References for Learners:
Sipacio, Philippe John F. and Balgos, Anne Richie G. 2016. Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.
Bajracharya, Shraddha. 2018. "Aristotle's Model of Communication." Businesstopia.
Accessed July 16, 2020. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/aristotles-
model-communication.
Cox, Janelle. "Sample Essay Rubric for Elementary Teachers." ThoughtCo. Accessed
August 7, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
Chapter 1.a – "Communication 3 with Adeva at University of the Philippines Manila."
STUDYBLUE.https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/chapter-1-a/deck/
5313305#:~:text=The Eugene White Model or, Dance Mode. Accessed July 16,
2020.
2014. "Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication." Communication Theory. Accessed
July 16, 2020. https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-
communication
Kanobana. 2020. "Education and COVID-19: UN Helps Children Continue Their Learning"
Rwanda (Africa), 1 May 2020.
Quipper. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/5468b54d2294ee07f4000114/
curriculum#curriculum.
Study.com. Accessed July 17, 2020. https://study.com/academy/popular/paragraph-writing-
rubrics.html.
TweetingRawr. 2016. "Shannon & Weaver's Theory of Communication."
https://themediastudentsblog.wordpress.com/2016/01/30/shannonweavers-theory-of-
communication/.
Centro Colegio de Tarlac
Metro Bamban Subd., Anupul, Bamban, Tarlac
www.CentroColegioDeTarlac.org centro.colegio@gmail.com
Navarro, Mark Lester. 2014. "Helical Model of Communication - Speech Communication."
LinkedIn SlideShare. Accessed August 05, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/LesterVirus/helical-model-of-communication.
