Tutorial Letter 104/0/2022: Teaching Practice For Senior Phase (Grades 7 - 9) /FET (Grades 10-12)
Tutorial Letter 104/0/2022: Teaching Practice For Senior Phase (Grades 7 - 9) /FET (Grades 10-12)
TPS2601
Teaching practice for Senior Phase (Grades 7–9) /FET (Grades 10–12)
Assignment 50.
PORTFOLIO TEMPLATE
Year module
 PORTFOLIO: Teaching Practice for SENIOR PHASE (Grades 7–9) and FET PHASE (Grades
 10–12))
Unique number:
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                                                                   CONTENTS
1.    TUTORIAL LETTER 104 TEMPLATE FOR THE SENIOR/FET PHASE TEACHING PRACTICE
      ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................. 3
5. INCLUSIVITY..............................................................................................................................44
8. COVID 19 COMPLIANCE...........................................................................................................52
9. SELF-REFLECTION...................................................................................................................53
20 BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES ...............................................................................................74
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Your own background and teaching philosophy will influence the observation of classroom
management aspects and your interpretation thereof. Complete the following information to gain
insight and awareness of the aspects that contribute to your teaching philosophy.
Description of your qualifications (where and when did you acquire them?).
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How do you manage your studies? (Whether you are employed full-time or not).
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1.1    Introduction
The following definitions are important when doing observation to contribute to your theoretical
knowledge of learning and teaching in South Africa. These definitions are constructed around
interpretation of specific aspects related to Africanisation. Make use of these definitions together
with your theoretical knowledge of current research, gained in each module. When observing,
reporting and reflecting on the portfolio activities, these concepts and principles will enable you to
reflect critically on learning and teaching in the unique context in which you are teaching.
Read the information in the following table. The concept is explained first and the principles
underlying or supporting the concept follows. To ensure that you understand the information, explain
it in your own words in one sentence in the space provided.
To complete this portfolio, it is important that you understand the concepts described below.
General themes or concepts that are important for educators in South Africa
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African communalism:
Community and belonging to a community are an important aspect of African life. An individual is
conceptualised in terms of her/his connectedness in a community. Letseka (2000).
Principles: Individuals are interdependent. Human relationships are important. Content and
knowledge must be useful for practice.
Own understanding of concept and examples of implementation and teaching practice
Ubuntu (Humanness)
A philosophy that promotes the common good of society. It focuses on ethical standards that a
person acquires throughout his/her life and therefore education plays a very important role in
transferring the African philosophy of life. The values of caring, sharing and dignity are important.
Letseka (2000) Principles: Understanding the uniqueness of all persons. Recognising the
humanity of others to affirm your own humanity. Welfare of others is important. Fairness and
humanness are crucial to personal well-being.
In a fulfilled and flourishing life person are reasonably well fed, well clothed and housed, in good
health, loved, secure, and able to make a conscious effort to treat others with fairness and
humanness. Fairness and communality; individuals are interdependent. Human relationships are
important.
Therefore, respect, interpersonal skills and cooperative skills are important. Own understanding
of concept and examples of implementation. What does this mean in your practice as a teacher?
Africanisation:
Using an African point of departure to change or incorporate the African outlook and character in
all aspects of an education grounded in a South African context
Principles: Our schools are situated in the South African context. Principles that guide African
ways of thinking, which might be invaluable in making education more accessible to South African
learners: Examples: Respect different ways of learning, (Letseka); use different processes and
methods of assessment(Beets & Le Grange).Use examples from South Africa and other countries.
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 Own understanding of concept and examples of implementation. What does this mean in your
 practice as a teacher?
 A complex set of activities, values, beliefs and practices that evolved over time and is still actively
 practiced. IKS is developed and sustained through traditional education. It provides skills, trade
 and training and socialisation avenues. It is a process of knowledge transmission that occurs
 within the context of family, community and cultural age groups. A lifelong learning process
 involving progression through age groupings, seniority and wisdom of others
 Principles: Knowledge and wisdom advance with the age and life experiences of individuals.
 Knowledge is acquired through interaction with daily experiences and reflects the community’s
 value systems. The purpose of IKS is to place knowledge within the context of the user. It is
 handed down from one generation to another. It involves the expertise of multiple teachers. Mazrui
 refers topillars of wisdom in integrating indigenous knowledge – tolerance, social justice, etc. Lave
 & Wenger – situated learning, Ubuntu values such as respect, ways of learning – Letseka.
 Own understanding of concept and examples of implementation. What does this mean in your
 practice as a teacher?
1.2.2 Discuss the following concepts: Decolonisation, African communalism, Africanisation, and
       Indigenous Knowledge (IKS). Explain how an African Philosophy influences your teaching
       context and provide examples (20).
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The information containing essential guidelines for your school practice period is included in Tutorial
Letter 101. Consult the guidelines prior to and during your teaching practice period. In the tutorial
letter, you will find the Teaching Practice Assignments 01 and 02 as well as instructions on the
preparation and submission of the assignments.
During your observation, you have to complete tasks in the portfolio and make sure that all the
documents that need to be signed are signed. After completing the tasks in your portfolio during the
observation period, you have to place your assignments online.
The Senior/FET Phase teaching practice activities are scheduled under the following aspects:
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1.3       MY TEACHING PERSPECTIVE
          a)The meaning of teaching
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      Pre-observation insights will help you to define develop your own perspective on teaching
      and learning and prepare you for successful observation of the context in which you are doing
      your practical teaching. Make sure that you understand the goal of each activity and read the
      instructions carefully before completing each observation and activity in class.
      The activities are based on the outcomes and assessment criteria below. At the end of the
      section, make sure that you have reached these criteria. This will provide you with valuable
      insight for activities in the next section of the portfolio.
Learning outcome
Assessment criteria
At the completion of section 1of the portfolio, you must be able to do the following:
      •    Describe your own teaching perspective in terms of how history and current perspectives
           influences it.
• Write a teaching philosophy that describes how this is influenced by diversity in school.
      •    Evaluate approaches to teaching practice with regard to the way in which they
           accommodate diversity in the school where you are placed.
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c) My role as a teacher
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      e) What does learning involve?
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(30)
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(15)
Introduction
Read the definitions on Africanisation, and Ubuntu that are mentioned in the introduction to this
portfolio.
a)       Name two aspects that are applicable to the school and context where you are going to do
         practice teaching. Motivate your answer.
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In the previous activity, you wrote your own teaching philosophy. The experiences you had in school
probably contributed to your current perspective of teaching and learning.
Read paragraph 2.4 in chapter 2 of “Teaching practice, perspectives and frameworks”(Taole, 2015).
The aspect of situated learning and constructivism is explained. This is very relevant to your teaching
practice and your own teaching perspective. When you learn about teaching in the school you where
you are placed (situated learning), you will construct your own meaning of the aspects you observe.
To make sure that you are aware of the way your teaching philosophy influences your thinking and
interpretation of what happens in class, complete the following activity.
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b)    Give one example and description from your own school experience regarding
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• Constructivism (what you remember and what you learnt from the incident):
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(15)
TOTAL= [80]
OBSERVATION GUIDE
Part of the objectives for your teaching practice period is to learn from observing an experienced
teacher. However, observing is not simply watching. You have to be actively involved in observing.
Being aware of the context has a great influence on how teachers manage their classrooms.
Understanding the context will help you to find and understand the best practices of each teacher.
Being conscious of the context you are teaching in will enable you to decide on the most effective
way to run your own classroom one day. Complete the following observation activities. You will learn
about analysing teaching and learning contexts and how teachers adapt teaching and learning to
the needs of the learners.
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The school context has a significant impact on teaching and learning. You need to be context
conscious. The contexts of schools can differ completely. To analyse the context of your school you
need to look at a variety of aspects
Physical Address
Emis number:
Quintile:
Learner enrolment:
Mode of transport:
(20)
(10)
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VERY IMPORTANT: You are required to spend one full day with a class of your choice with a
different context to the one with which you have been placed. You can go to any of the grades in
the Senior/FET Phase. The following activity will enable you to reflect on the differences between
the two phases and explain how teachers cope with those differences. Use the different phase
context form provided below.
Number of learners
Classroom setup
(20)
VERY IMPORTANT: Spend one full day with a different phase from the one you are studying to
teach. You can go to any grades in the Senior/FET Phase. Use the different school-context form
below to reflect on differences between phases and explain how teachers cope with those
differences.
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b)   How is the relationship between learners and teachers in the classrooms? (respect, care,
     support)
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d) Why do you think are the contributing factors to the values in the classroom you observed?
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(20)
TOTAL= 70
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3.     Classroom management observation activities
You have to use the template provided when doing the observation and attach artefacts (proof
of what you have observed).
(a) Mention (4) Policies that you think are important in managing the classroom
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d) Why do you think policies are important within the school? Explain.
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e)   Are there any other policies of importance that are not available in the school, which
     could help the teachers in their day-to-day classroom practices? Name those policies
     and explain their importance(reflection). Why are they relevant in this context?
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f) Which policies cater for learners with learning barriers/special educational needs?
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(30)
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3.2    Observing a mentor teacher: Six (6) lesson plans
 Observation means that you have to be actively involved in the process. You do not just sit
and watch. You need to write 3 lesson plans from the Senior phase and 3 from the FET Phase
with the help from your mentor.
In the SENIOR Phase, make sure that you observe FIVE lessons from one subject listed
on the following list:
In the FET Phase, make sure that you observe FIVE lessons from one subject listed on
the following list:
To guide you about important considerations when doing observation read the
following important aspects of planning a lesson.
• What you will use to present the lesson (aids and materials).
• What your contribution and that of learners will be during the lesson.
      •   How you are going to give learners the opportunity to apply or demonstrate the new
          content, skills and values.
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LESSONS OBSERVED
Lesson Observation 1
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
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What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
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Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
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What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
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Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
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What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
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Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
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How did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the
teacher do to ensure that they did not take place?
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Lesson Observation 2
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
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What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
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Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
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What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
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Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
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What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
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Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
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Did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the teacher
do to ensure that they did not take place?
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Lesson Observation 3
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
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What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
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Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
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What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
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Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
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What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
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Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
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How did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the
teacher do to ensure that they did not take place?
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Lesson Observation 4
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
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What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
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Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
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What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
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Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
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What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
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Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
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Were there any disruptive incidents during the lesson?
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How did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the
teacher do to ensure that they did not take place?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30
                                                                                                                              TPS2601/104
Lesson Observation 5
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                31
What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32
                                                                             TPS2601/104
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
How did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the
teacher do to ensure that they did not take place?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                                                                        33
Lesson Observation 6
Date: …………………………………………….
Subject: …………………………………………….
Grade: …………………………………………….
Without asking your mentor/teacher, write down the aim of the lesson:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What were the specific activities the learners were involved in during the entire lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Which activities did they enjoy most, and which did they not enjoy? Why do you say so?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
34
                                                                              TPS2601/104
What other learning activities could the learners have been involved in to assist them to
understand the concepts?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Write down the questions the teacher asked the class during the lesson.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs) did the teacher use during the lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Can you think of other resources that would assist learners in understanding the concepts in
the lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                                                                         35
Were there any disruptive incidents during the lesson?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
How did the teacher deal with them? Alternatively, if there were no incidents, what did the
teacher do to ensure that they did not take place?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TOTAL: (25)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reflection on the six (6) lesson plans
    After you have observed your mentor teacher, respond and comment on the following
    aspects.
a) Learning space
                                                              YES        NO
    Learning and teaching occur in a very organized manner.
b) Learning Involvement
36
                            TPS2601/104
YES NO
 c) Discipline
                 YES   NO
 d) Diversity
                 YES   NO
 e) Knowledge
                 YES   NO
 f)   Subject
                 YES   NO
g) Skills
                                     37
3.2.1.2         FET PHASE (GRADE 10-12)
After you have observed your mentor teacher, respond and comment on the following aspects.
  a)Learning Space
                                                        YES/NO                     COMMENT
     Learning and teaching occur in a very
     organized manner.
     Furniture in classroom well organized and
     there is less evidence of graffiti and littering
  b)Learner Involvement
                                                                        YES/NO     COMMMEN
                                                                                   T
     Learners are lively and participate contribute to knowledge
     creation.
     Lessons constructed to allow for meaningful engagement and
     learners are encouraged to communicate freely
  c)Discipline
                                                                        YES/NO     COMMENT
     Educator is proactive in an approach to discipline
     Educator empowers the learners to become self-discipline
  d)Diversity
                                                                        YES /NO    COMMENT
     Educator establishes a good relationship with learners and enjoy
     their confidence.
38
                                                                           TPS2601/104
e)Knowledge of subject
                                                                  YES/NO        COMMENT
 Educator set demanding tasks for the learners
 Allows meaningful interaction in the classroom and provides
 alternative ideas and sources in the lesson
f)Skills
                                                                     YES /NO     COMMENT
 Educator adapt at varying teaching modalities
 Uses various tasks to keep learners interested and educator
 skilful engages learners in a learning process
g)Goal Setting
                                                                  YES/NO        COMMENT
 Lessons are creatively linked to other sections of work
 Goals are generated as evidence in year plans
h) Planning
                                                                  YES/NO        COMMENT
 Good time management
 Lesson provide adequate opportunities and it was a logical,
 coherent and meaningful lesson
i)Presentation
                                                                  YES/NO        COMMENT
 Educator carefully select learning
 Lessons presented in an exceptional way
j) Recording
                                                                  YES/NO        COMMENT
 Records are kept in resource file
 Learner assessment records are meticulously maintained and
 records are updated regularly
                                                                                    39
     l)Feedback to learners
                                                                        YES/NO         COMMENT
      Feedback is positive and encouraging
      Regular feedback is given and assessment task are marked
      timeously and returned to learners
     n)Application of techniques
                                                                        YES/NO         COMMENT
      Educator uses assessment positively to motivate learners
      Educator is able to reflect on the application of assessment
      techniques
     o)Record keeping
                                                                        YES/NO     COMMENT
      Records are neatly maintained
      Test files, are kept and all assessment activities have marking
      guides
4.1 Assessment
It is necessary that you closely observe how assessment happens in practice. You will learn
more about this in the “Teacher as Assessor” module.
To gain an understanding of what is required when planning assessments, you could read
chapter 10 in the book, “Assessment in practical teaching”. Practical advice is given regarding
the different types of assessments you will encounter at school, and you will find a section on
the assessments that you will observe during teaching practice.
40
                                                                                  TPS2601/104
      •   Formative assessment and summative assessment are very important for teachers. It
          provides the teacher with important information about her/his own teaching as well as
          about how learners learn.
a)        Name the type of assessment that was used after the lesson presentation
          (Formal or Informal) ____________                                                   (1)
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ (2)
c) What assessment tools were used to assess, e.g. memoranda, rubrics, checklists?).
________________________________________ (1)
d)        Name two examples of summative assessments that you observed during your stay at
          the school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                        (2)
(6)
Teachers should see to it that all teaching aids necessary for presenting the lesson or that
learners will need to complete their activities, are available, and that the apparatus to be used
is in working condition. Explain what the relevant teaching aid is and how it will be used.
a) Write down some of the uses of the chalkboard/whiteboard in the class you attended.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3)
                                                                                              41
b)   Write down the main advantages of the use of pictures.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
c) Name the electronic media that were available at the school you visited.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
d)   What learning media is not available at school that you think is very important in teaching
     and learning
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
(9)
42
                                                                                       TPS2601/104
 To enable learners to progress, written communication about their efforts is very important.
 Positive feedback can help a learner to think critically and it can help them to improve in follow-
 up activities.
a)     Make three comments about the control and correction of learners' written work in the
       class you visited.
 ..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 .………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3)
b) How is feedback given? Is it written on the board, in learners’ books, or is it given verbally?
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3)
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
                                                                                                   43
e)   How effective is the feedback that learners receive?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
(10)
TOTAL=25
5. INCLUSIVITY
The learners in your class will come from diverse backgrounds and have unique needs.
Part of being context conscious is the awareness of learners' needs and the ability to provide
a learning environment that enables learning for all.
Read chapter 10 of ‘Becoming a Teacher” to learn more about approaches and practical
aspects of inclusive education.
You have observed more than one class during your teaching practice. For this activity, you
have to go to a class where you have encountered learners with barriers to learning or ask
your mentor to guide you to such a class.
With the help of your mentor or the teacher, identify a learner that has a specific learning
challenge. You are not allowed to mention the learner’s name. Only give the learner’s age and
grade.
_______________________________________ (2)
Observe the learner during teaching and learning and during informal activities.
a) Describe any visible proof that indicates that the learner has a learning difficulty or is
   experiencing learning difficulties.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                        (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                        (2)
44
                                                                                                                              TPS2601/104
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2)
e) What strategies does the teacher use to accommodate and support this learner in terms of
   schoolwork?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2)
g) How does the teacher use the positive aspects in the learner's life to her/his benefit and
   functioning?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2)
h). How did the teacher identify that this learner had a learning challenge?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                (2)
                                                                                                                                                 45
i.      Where did he or she find information on the specific learning challenge and how to
        address it?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(2)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(2)
k. How would you address the same challenge if you came across a similar situation?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2)
l. Was there any evidence in the classroom that learners’ health was being promoted?
……………………………………………………………………...………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
m.        Are the classrooms/schools clean and safe? Are there adequate water and sanitation
        facilities?
……………………………………………………………………...……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
46
                                                                                                                              TPS2601/104
n.      Provide the evidence to show that written policies and regular practices that promote
        good health were implemented.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................(2)
o.      How is the health education and life skills integrated in the curriculum and in the teaching-
        learning activities?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
p. How are children kept safe and protected from harm and abuse?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………..........………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….......………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
r.      Provide the evidence to show that physical or mental punishment was/was not used
        against learners.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
s.      Provide the evidence to show that there were or were no clear guidelines for conduct
        between teachers and learners and among learners themselves (and that bullying is not
        allowed).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3)
TOTAL=40
                                                                                                                                                47
6.      CLASSROOM EVIDENCE
6.1         Attach the picture/photo of the classroom with learners seated and your mentor and
            yourself.
(10)
6.2         Learner involvement (How do you think you can go about involving learners while
            teaching?)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(10)
TOTAL=20
Answer the questions to describe how each aspect influences the teaching and learning
context where you are doing observation.
7.1 Timetable
a) List two advantages of using a school timetable from your own experience.
        ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
        ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
        ……………………………....……..............…………………………………………………(2)
     b) Does the teacher have his or her own timetable?
        ....................................................................................................................................(1)
48
                                                                                                                           TPS2601/104
 e) Briefly explain a problem you experienced with the school or class timetable in your own
     experience as well as in the context of this school.
     ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
     …………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
     ………….………………..…………………………………………………………………………
     ……………….………………………..……………………………………………………………
     …………………….…………...........................................................................................(2)
     ............................................................................................................................................
     ............................................................................................................................................
     .......................................................................................................................................(2)
     ............................................................................................................................................
     .......................................................................................................................................(2)
Source – adapted for Part A, B and C): Cohen, L, Manion, L & Morrison, K. 2005. A guide to
teaching practice, pp. 103-105. New York: Routledge)
.………………………………………………………………………………………………………..(2)
(15)
                                                                                                                                             49
7.2      Attendance Register
Administrative work is part of every teacher’s responsibilities. It is important that you are aware
of the administrative tasks and how teachers address this often time-consuming task.
You have to attend one class where the teacher is responsible to take the register (register
class). Registers are then consolidated every Friday by a School Admin Assistant. Attach
summary of learner attendance of the class you observed for a week and answer the following
      b) Is it marked regularly?
      _________________________________                                                        (1)
      c) Is the information from the register collated and used for purposes such as promotion,
         merits or demerits?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3)
                                                                                                (5)
50
                                                                                                                              TPS2601/104
7.3 Discipline
The teacher must also know how to implement the correct approach to discipline in a specific
context in her/his classroom.
Read the relevant chapter in “Help I am a student teacher”. In this chapter, the legislative
information around discipline in South African schools is discussed and practical aspects for
implementing discipline is described.
  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
  ......
                                                                                                                                                (2)
  b)       Do you think is a very important policy in a school and why?
  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  …………………………………………………………………….....................................................
  ..................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                (2)
  c)       Do you think involving learners in formulating a school code of conduct is important or
           not? Give reasons.
  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
  d)       Did you observe any learner being disciplined? Mention the (3) offences and its
           corrective measures
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................(4)
(15)
TOTAL=30
                                                                                                                                                51
8.    COVID 19 COMPLIANCE
COMMENT
TOTAL=20
52
                                                                             TPS2601/104
9. SELF-REFLECTION
a.   How might your own culture-bound assumptions influence your interactions with
     learners?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b.   How might the backgrounds and experiences of your learners influence their motivation,
     engagement, and learning in your classroom?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c.   How can you modify course materials, activities, assignments, and/or exams to be more
     accessible to all?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d.   What experiences have you gained during your 5-week teaching observation?
       • Good experiences:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
     • Bad experiences:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
                                   TOTAL= (10)
                                                                                        53
10.      PLANNING YOUR LESSON
This activity aims to introduce you to lesson planning and will be useful for the next stage,
which is the actual teaching practice you will be doing on second-year level. Note the following
important points:
•     In order to complete this activity, you must have observed at least five lessons that a
      teacher gave.
•     Have positive discussions and ask critical questions. You can be critical without criticising!
      Try to understand the teacher's intentions.
•     Different teachers and different schools may use different lesson structures. Use the
      following lesson plan or any other plan to develop your lesson. If you use any other lesson
      plan, you can do this on separate sheets of paper as long as lessons are structured to suit
      the outcomes/objectives. Also, ask teachers to provide you with the lesson format they use.
Red the information or guidelines included with each stage or section of the lesson. Make use
of the information included to understand more about each aspect. You can also find examples
of lessons presented by different teachers on YouTube.
There are numerous types of lessons, each requiring unique planning, method of presentation
and learning material. A lesson must be carefully planned to enable you to present or facilitate
the lesson. To assist you with planning a lesson, we give a brief description of aspects of lesson
planning.
54
                                                                                                 TPS2601/104
Localisation details is important. It provides information regarding the specific context in which the lesson is taking
place and guides the planning for a specific goal.
TEACHER NAME:
School: __________________________________________________________________
Subject: _________________________________________________________________
Theme: __________________________________________________________________
Grade:___________________________________________________________________
Duration/Time: ____________________________________________________________
Topic (specific):
In CAPS the subject matter that teachers have to teach is clearly indicated, and all they have to do is choose a
section (a theme or topic) to be presented in a lesson or series of lessons. To plan your own lesson, use the
CAPS document you downloaded for the activity on progression. You have to plan your lessons for
2022according to CAPS. Use this document and plan your lesson according to the CAPS document.
_______________________________________________________
Learning outcomes/objectives/aims
                                                                                                                55
Teaching methods, learning activities and assessment
(Read chapter 3of “Help I am a student teacher”)
Lesson opening/introduction:
What you do here will depend largely on the type of lesson presented, the subject matter to be covered, the
learning activities planned for learners, and soon. Try to focus the learners' attention on the theme by recall of
existing knowledge, surprising the mor doing something unusual (or letting them do something unusual).Try to
make them want to know more or want to master a skill. This will launch the learners on a voyage of discovery,
to which they will look forward with anticipation.
This should contain an indication of the type of lesson (or a combination of various types) that is planned, and
the activities of both teacher and learners should be clearly set out. The following are a few of the types of
lessons you could consider:
Question-and-answer lesson: This type of lesson features questions, which the learners are required to
answer. Avoid this where possible, unless you combine it with the screening of a video, slides/transparencies,
photos or similar aids on which the learners are questioned (or can ask questions) about what they have seen
or observed. You could also make this type of lesson interesting by holding a quiz (preferably in teams to avoid
hurting slow learners' pride). It is also a good way of doing revision.
Practical lesson: This type of lesson requires the learners to undertake some or other kind of practical activity.
Role-playing: During this type of lesson, the teacher assumes the role or character of someone else and asks
the learners similarly to play the parts of other characters. It could involves imply giving a visual representation
of events or it could take the form of a dialogue, a debate, a narrative, etcetera. For example, someone
56
                                                                                                    TPS2601/104
(including the learners) could dress up in period costume and play the part (parts) of a historical character like
Vasco de Gama– dialogue may be (prepared and) included.
Learner-centred presentation: In this type of lesson, the focus is on learners who, as it were, provide the
content of the lesson. All the teacher does is complement, guide and correct where necessary. (This may
naturally also be seen as a practical lesson.) An example of this type of lesson is where learners prepare to
"show and tell" by bringing along something, which is related to the theme. They then recite/tell/explain
something about the object.
Debate: This type of lesson features two groups debating the merits of an issue (which could be an issue that
directly affects them). Of course, such a lesson requires thorough preparation and the maintenance of discipline
and control. It is particularly appropriate to a discussion of values.
Outdoor lesson: The aim of an outdoor lesson is not simply to vary things for learners, but also to illustrate/do
something, which would be difficult to accomplish inside a classroom. On the school grounds there are always
signs of erosion and climatological activity (such as wind, clouds and precipitation).
Excursions/field work: Facts taught during a lesson or series of lessons are applied or observed in practice.
Examples would be visits to a natural phenomenon, a mine or an industry, or cleaning a polluted stream,
recording data and so forth.
Narrative lesson: In this type of lesson, the subject matter is conveyed by means of a narrative. While this
could be very boring (particularly to older learners), it could be made highly interesting with the use of attractive
teaching aids. Finger or hand puppets increase the interest in a narrative (especially for young learners), but
slides, photos, pictures et cetera can be equally useful (particularly for older learners).
Discussion lesson: This type of lesson takes the form of a discussion of a theme/issue/problem by learners
and teacher. It works especially well with older learners when the discussion is about a matter which affects
their daily lives and about which they have something to say (the more controversial the better since this elicits
a greater variety of views and opinions). This calls for very thorough preparation on the part of teachers if they
are to guide the lesson successfully. We are deliberately not discussing every type of lesson here, in order to
give you the freedom to research and use other types on your own. For instance, you could consider groupwork,
panel discussions, case studies, experimentation, guided discovery and numerous others.
Teacher activities:(Describe what you have to do before, during and after the lesson – this will help you to
plan for every phase of the lesson.)
Learner activities: (Keep in mind that you have to plan the time for activities. Learners learn best when they
are actively involved in their own learning.)
Closing: (What will you do to round off the lesson? Will the learners do activities or homework? How will you
know that learning has taken place?)
                                                                                                                  57
 Assessment activities: Briefly describe what learners will do to show that they have
 mastered or made progress regarding the lesson outcomes/objectives.
• Describe assessment task e.g. test on …., worksheet about …, research task on …., experiment
 •    What instrument will be used to assess e.g. memoranda, rubrics, checklists, etc.? Indicators as to whether
      there has been successful learning could take the form of demonstrations by learners, a final product such
      as the drawing of a map, a written report, learning behaviour and conduct, learner participation (in things
      like group activities).
 Expanded opportunities: (What kind of enrichment is provided for gifted learners? What kind of
 remediation is provided for learners requiring additional support?)
TOTAL= (25)
58
                                                                                    TPS2601/104
Reflection is an important skill for every teacher. When you reflect on your own teaching, it
enables you to assess your teaching and you have the opportunity to improve your teaching.
Your own impression of your teaching and the opinion of other persons in the school
community is very important to have a balanced assessment. Use the criteria below to assess
your own understanding.
Report
At the end of the 25 days of practical teaching, you must reflect on each section of the portfolio.
Use the insights you gained during the reflection activities and write a report on your experience
in terms of its contribution to your preparation as a teacher.
You must use the headings provided in the sections of the portfolio and make suggestions on
what can be done to improve on the practical teaching experience to make sure it is useful and
meaningful.
• Ask yourself if they are useful, effective and/or represent good practice.
•    Describe how you can use them, adapt them or change them to improve your practice (or
     future practice).
Reflective activity
To reflect on the 5-week observation period, make use of the following statements and write a
short paragraph on each of the aspects indicated:
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 b)   Challenges that I encountered
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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………(5)
 e)   After a final discussion with your mentor about your interpretation and your philosophy of
      teaching and learning, write a paragraph to describe your view of the knowledge, values
      and experience you gained during your five weeks of teaching practice.
 .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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TOTAL= (30)
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12    DECLARATION FORM
The purpose of this declaration form is to ensure the authenticity of this portfolio and the
practical teaching it was based on. Please complete and sign this declaration form. The
mentor/teacher and school principal must also sign this form.
DECLARATION BY STUDENT
Signature …………………………………………………
DECLARATION BY MENTOR/TEACHER
Signature ………………………………………….
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Signature …………………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
    THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR GUIDING, ASSISTING AND SUPPORTING THIS
                             STUDENT.
TOTAL=30)
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13        MENTOR REPORT
BY TITLE: .........
SURNAME: ...............................................
NAME: ...............................................
CELLPHONE: ............................................
E-MAIL: ................................................................
Was the general conduct of the student irreproachable (on time, conduct according to school
requirements for teachers)?
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
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Did the student complete her/his portfolio during the practical teaching period? YES/NO
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Aspects on which student still has to improve to be ready to enter education as a beginner
teacher:
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
TOTAL=30)
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School:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
Address:
...................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
We hereby comment briefly on the following aspects of his/her stay at the school:
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Personal appearance:
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Eagerness to learn:
....................................................................................................................................................
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Date: …………………………………
Date:
TOTAL=30
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SECTION B
This section constitutes work from home which you would be entitled to due to C0VID-19
regulations. You will spend THREE WEEKS at school and this section will constitute TWO
The following questions are based on class observation. You may consult different references
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You are required to read a case study below about observation and answer the questions
that follow.
Teacher A is a twenty-two-year-old white male who began student teaching during the last
spring semester and was the top student in his methodology class the previous semester. The
school administration asked him to volunteer for this study because they saw him in the
classroom during the previous semester and their opinions were confirmed by two weeks of
Teacher B is a sixty-year-old African American teacher and coach. He has been teaching and
coaching for twenty-four years. Administrators and faculty report that he is respected and well-
Classroom atmosphere.
Both observations and student data revealed that Teacher A placed emphasis on creating a
non-threatening, nurturing classroom atmosphere. After selection for this study, he taught the
class the entire time (with his mentor teacher in the classroom but not interacting with the
class). He did appear to have more active classes than Teacher B, but at no time did the
researchers or any of the school’s faculty or administration observe classes out of control. His
mentor teacher said that he was very good, as a first-time student teacher at classroom
management.
Teacher A was friendly toward his students and took it as his first goal in the semester to get
to know them and their learning styles. He often joked and didn’t seem to mind when students
would interrupt his admittedly short lectures. In fact, all of the observers thought that Teacher
A encouraged spontaneous discussion and debates. Much of his classroom’s dynamic might
be attributed to Teacher A’s overall demeanor. He is enthusiastic about the subject, non-
                                                                                              69
threatening, and has a good sense of humor. He demonstrated by words and actions in the
Although Teacher A did not demonstrate as much mastery of the subject and was found to
convey less confidence in teaching the subject than Teacher B, he still admitted when he made
a mistake. The students’ ratings reflected that they respected him for this. I observed that,
when he did not know the answer to a student’s question, he said that he would look it up and
have the answer the next class, which he always did. He said that everyone can learn,
especially from mistakes, and every student in his classes has the right to learn. More than
one student wrote that they liked him and wanted him to remain at the school, so that they
could take another course from him. When asked, he said that he is continually rethinking his
lessons and how to improve them—trying to learn more about the subject and his students to
better address their individual learning styles. Lesson goals and objectives were always written
a)    What do you think are the differences between Teacher A and Teacher B in terms of
      teaching styles?                                                                       (6)
b)    What do you think are the reasons why Teacher A is performing better than Teacher
      B? Mention three reasons.                                                              (6)
c)    What is it that teacher B can do to improve his teaching styles?                       (4)
d)    What are the issues that teacher A is doing right which you can implement in your
      future lessons?                                                                        (6)
e)    What kind of advice would you offer to both Teacher A and Teacher B?                 (10)
f)    Evaluate the importance of observation from an African and Ubuntu perspective          (5)
g)    How would you deal with learners with barriers to learning in your class? Mention four
      mechanisms.                                                                            (6)
h)    As a beginning teacher, how would you deal with learners from different socio-
      economic, cultural, language backgrounds in your class.                                (8)
[ 70]
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Download a YOUTUBE video of a teacher presenting any lesson of the subject that you are
registered for. You should upload the video as evidence. Please comment on the following
f) Mention five positives that you identified during the lesson? (5)
g) Mention five negatives that you identified during the lesson? (5)
h) Which five areas would you improve if you were the one presenting a lesson? (5)
i) What are the five things that you have learnt from the teacher’s presentation? (5)
[47]
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18. DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO
You are required to make a five-minute video presentation of the school where you will be
doing your teaching practice. Your video should be clear and audible.
e) Describe the feeder zone of the school (township, village or city). (10)
[35]
TOTAL [190]
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Name of School
Address
Contact details
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
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     20    BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES
Higgs. P. 2003. African philosophy and the transformationof educational discourse in South
Africa.Journal of Education, No. 30, 2003.
(Source – adapted for Part A, B and C): Cohen, L, Manion, L & Morrison, K. 2005. A guide to
teaching practice, pp. 103-105. New York: Routledge.)
Taole, M.J.(Ed). 2015. Teaching Practice, Perspectives and Frameworks. Van Schaik:
Pretoria.
  Guidelines and
  information
Placement
The portfolio
Communication
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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What has been your experience of the teaching practice observations? (Both positive and
negative experiences.)
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How would you apply the positive things you have observed in your teaching practice
observations and what would you change about the negative aspects you have come across?
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Did you conduct yourself in terms of the South African Council of Educators Code of Conduct?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Lecturers
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSROOM       MANAGEMENT
 OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES
 3.1      POLICIES
                                     30
 3.2      OBSERVING THE MENTOR (6
          LESSON PLANS)           150
                                                                  77
 4.1   ASSESSMENT             6
5. INCLUSIVITY 40 40
6. CLASSROOM EVIDENCE 20 20
 7. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
 STRATEGIES TO ORGANISE THE
 CLASSROOM
7.1 TIMETABLE 15
7.3 DISCIPLINE 10 30
8. COVID 19 COMPLIANCE 20 20
9. SELF REFLECTION 10 10
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20. NEATNESS 10 10
21. LANGUAGE 20 20
TOTAL=900
79