GEOGRAPHy li. ile TB an idee INDIA-SIZE AND LOCATION lisations in the world. During cy both social and econom v Checklis| e of the oldest ct Chapter Checklist — Indian civilisation is one of tl ‘its wena : 50 years, India has made remarkable progress 19 e, industry, ° These spheres include agriculture, in ae development. India has also contributed significantly to th technology and overall ec making of world hi Locatio India and the World India's Neighbours LOCATION , hemisphere. [ts mainlan. India is a vast country located in the Northern ph maint between latitudes 8°4” N and 37%’ N and longitudes 6877” E and 97°25 E wig sar gy gr 30W 0 we soso India in the Workd India is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N). It Pass through the States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhon West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Andaman and Nicobar islands and Lakshadw> islands are the evo groups of islands belonging to India. Anctatnan and Nicobat isi is situated South-East of mainland in Bay of Bengal, Lakshadweep islands is situate? South-West of mainland in Arabian sea, Note The southemmos pot othe Incan Union, ‘ha Poin’ was submerged under the see wat 2004 during the Tsuna. Latitudes They are the angular distances of points on the Earth's surface Noth ot South of he equator, which is at 0" lalitude , Longitudes They ae the angular distances of points onthe Earth's surtace to the East or Wes I? Plane going through Greenwich near London in England, which is at 0° longitude Tropic of Cancer An imaginary parallel of lattude at 23°30'N. South ofthis is considered the tence Zone of Indiaane India-Size and Location n area of 3.28 million sq km India’s landmass with occupies 2.4% of the t India (3.28 sq km) ws the seventh largest country of the gard, after Russia, (17.09 sq km) Canada (9.98 sq km), USA.02 54 kin), China (9.59 sq km), Brazil (8.51 sq km) sd Australia (7.69 sq km). India has a land boundary which extends over 15200km and the length of its geographical area of the world. yastline including Andaman and = Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands is about 7516.6 km: India ts bounded by young fold mountains in the NorthWest, North and NorthEast. India’s landmass begin to form cone shape in South of 22° North latitude. This ndmass extends towards the Indian oceans and divides it Arabian sea in West and the Bay of Bengal in East. The lartudinal as well as longitudinal extent of the manland is about 30° both ways. The fact is that the west extent appears smaller than the north-south stent. The North-South distance is 3214km while the EastWest distance is 2933 km. Indian Standard Time (IST) There is a time lag (period of time) of almost two hours berveen Gujarat in the West and Arunachal Pradesh in the East. Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India °30'E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country. For convenience, Indian Standard Time (IST), is followed as a tandard time. The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night as one moves from South to North. —|| CHECK POINT 7 What isthe attudinal and longitudinal extent of india? nm Name the southernmost point ofthe Indian Union. + Fit in whe blanks (0 India's rank i) The Standard Meridian of India Mean Time (GMT) 1) The Standard Meridian of India passes through Pradesh. in terms of land area in the word. hours ahead Greenwich inUttar | 161) INDIA AND THE WORLD India occupies the greater part of South Asia. India has a central location between the East and the West Asia. The Indian landmass is the southward extension of the continent of Asia, The transIndian ocean which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India routes, The Deccan Peninsula extends towards the Indian ocean helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast and with SouthEast and East Asia from the Eastern coast. India has the longest coastline on the Indian ocean as compared to other countries. This eminent position is the reason which justifies the naming of the Indian ocean after the name of the country Note Due fo the opening of Suez Canal in 1869, India's cist Europe has been reduced by 7000 km Fold mountains Htountains which develop when two tectonic plates come together causing compression, resulting in bucking and folding of Stondard meridian The longitude which passes through a countyregion which is used io fx the standard time fr that countyregion,£ ‘egian Standard Time (IST) This is local time of the longtuce 82°30" East, taken as the time for the whole of India. This is five-and-a-hall <2 of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)one eS Allin | 162 rough the land routes ay ps thi 7 ions ave prOvIEA ase ses, burt ats felt tains in the India’s Contacts with the World an India’s contacts with the world have continued through Oe Ty c vations passes at i older than its maritime contacts. T ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such it v y 140° Leva S0aE\ a” tity serio china | ena | Egypt aan nen PACIFIC OCEAN rs Saud . 78 Arabia AX bro ‘\ I \ | 4 AFRICA | «hop To anda! - | X Kenya of Lg: zany | zambia It ~ Ap: Note Seale eat India on the International Highway of Trade and Commerce The following instances states that these routes have contributed to the exchange of ideas and commodities beeween [nd and the rest of the world from ancient times. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of the Panchtantra, Indian numerals and decimal sysr reached many parts of the world. Spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. T influence of Greek sculpture and the architectural style of domes and minarets from West Asia can be seen in mans 52 of India. Before 1947, there were two types of States in India—the Provinces and the Princely States. Provinces we directly by the British officials, who were appointed by the Viceroy. Princely States were ruled by local, hereditary rule: who acknowledged sovereignty in return for local autonomy. INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS India has an important strategic position in South Asia. It has a 29 states and 7 Union Terrie MW CHECK Point 2 India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and ne Afghanistan in the North-West, China (Tibet), Nepal and 2 at@s Su®2 Canal opened? Bhutan in the North, and Myanmar and Banglaclesh in the East. Two island countries Sri Lanka and Maldives, ie to the South of India across the Indian ocean, 2 Name the two countries separated by Palk Stra 3 Which countries are included in the Indian subcontinent” 4 Fillin the blanks Alll these countries are part of the Indian subcontinent. India Te State of Skkim borders the countne: and Sri Lanka are separated by a narrow channel of sea”) TRe martin tade route trom the Suez Canal to $6200" formed by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar while Maldives P2858 thvough the indian port or Gi) The Sato ot ma s named lie to the South of Lakshadweep. Thus, India has strong amen 2 Of Madhya Pradesh is bounded by the sales geographical and historical links with its neighbours, ees v) The 29th State of indi Note Telangana became the 29th State of india on 2nd June, 2014 alter 2014 ot nc was founded on 2nd June, zeorganisation of Andra Pradesh,SUMMARY © Indias a vast country located in the Northern hemisphere The Indian mainland extends between latitudes 8°4'N and 37°6'N end longitudes 68°7'E and 97°25 E The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) divides the country into almost two equal halves * India is 6 vast country with a total area of 3.28 million sakm * India comprises 2.4% of the world’s geographical area, being the seventh largest country after Russia, Canada USA, China, Brazil and Australia * India has @ land boundary extends over 15200 km and the length of its cogstline including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands is about 7516.6 km. * India is bounded by young fold mountains in the North-west, North and North-east * The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the Indian mainland is about 30° in both directions. CERT FOLDER Find Out on page 2 1. Why 82°30'E has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India? Ans, From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there isa time lag (period of time) of about two hours. Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India (82° 30’E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country. Otherwise different regions of India would have different times, which would create problems; so, to have one common standard time for the whole country, this has been selected and called Indian Standard Time (IST) OS Why is the difference between day and night durations hardly felt at Kannyakumari, but not so in Kashmir? The circle of illumination of the Earth varies from summer to winter because the axis rotation of the Earth is tilted at 23.5° to the perpendicular. At the equator, it does nor cause any time difference heween day and night throughout the year, bur North or South of it, the durations vary. Ans, + The Standard Meridian of Indie (82°20'E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country. * The Indian landmass is located centrally between East and West Asia = The trans-Indian ocean routes, connects Europe in west and the countries of East Asia provdes a strategic central location to India * With the land and sea trade routes ideas and commodities were exchanged from ancient times * India consists of 29 states and 7 Union Territories = India’s land boundaries are with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the North-West, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the East. Across the seas in the South lie Sri Lanka and Maldives, two island nations Kanyakumari is close to the equator, while Kashmiris far away. So, this difference is felt in Kashmir in winter or summer, but not at Kannyakumari Find Out on page 4 8. Find out the number of Union Territories along the Western and Eastern coasts. Ans. Union Territories along the ( Western Coast Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Mahe (belonging 10 Puducherry) (ii) Eastern Coast Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar islands, 4, Find out area-wise which is the smallest and which is the largest state. Ans, Area-wise (i) Largest State Rajasthan (342239 sq km) (ii) Smallest State Goa (3702 sq km)a uu Qa _ Oo o - El Ld w) = { { f {164 | 5. Find out the states which do not have an International border or lie on the coast Ans. States which do not have inte ‘rnationa or hie on the coast are Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya and Chhattisgarh bord Pradesh, Tel 6. Classity the states into four groups each having common frontiers with () Pakistan (4) China (a) Myanmar Gv) Bangladesh es having common frontiers with (9 Pakistan Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir (4) China Himachal Pradesh, Urarakhand Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir (i) Myanmar Ans Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram (0) Bangladesh West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram Exercise on page 6 1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below. () The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through (a) Rajasthan (b) Odisha (c) Chhattisgarn (@) Tpura Ans, (6) (ii) The easternmost longitude of India is (a) 97°25'E (b) 68°7E, (0) 77°6'E (d) 82°32°E Ans. (a) (iii) Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have common frontiers with (a) China (b) Bhutan (c) Nepal (@) Myanmar Ans. (6) (iv) Ifyou intend to visit Kavaratti during your summer vacations, which one of the following Union Territories of India you will be going to (a) Puducherry (b) Lakshadweep (c) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (d) Diu and Daman Ans. (6) (v) My friend hails from a country which does not share land boundary with India, Identify the country. (a) Bhutan (b) Tajikistan (c) Bangladesh (a) Nepal Ans. (6) y All/‘nane SOCIAL SCIENCE ¢),., ‘ | 2. Answer the following questions), | {W) Name the group of islands tying | Arabian sea ii) Name the countries which a: | Ans, Lakshadweep ‘sands Hein the Any, | elaig., | than India ad: ‘Ans, Russia, C USA, China, Auseay, | and Bra India. iii) Which island group of fndia ties y South-East? ‘Ans. Andaman and Nicobar islands lie South-East of India (iv) Which island countries are our southern neighbours? | ‘Ans, Sri Lanka and Maldives are the tay i countries that are the southern neighbours of India. The Sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared tp Gujarat in the West, but the watches show the same time. How does this happen? From Gujarat w Arunachal Pradesh ther time lag of two hours, but the watches the same time. It is because the time aloz: the Standard Meridian of India (82°30 £ passing through Mirzapur in Utear Prada taken as the standard time for the whole country. @rors The central location of India atthe head of the Indian oceanis | considered of great significance. Wi) | Ans. Ans. The Indian landmass has a centeal location beeween East and West Asia. India isa southward extension of the Asian contin? ‘The trans-Indian ocean routes, which connect the countries of Europe in the We to the countries of East Asia provide a strategie central location to India ‘The Deccan Peninsula extends into the Indian ocean, thus helping India to estibl close contact with Wese Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast and with South-East and Asia from the Easter? coast. No other country has a long coastl® on the Indian ocean as India has. Thus. it ® India’s eminent position in the Indian ocean which justifies the naming of a" ocean after itAllénone India-Size and Location |165| Map Skills 6. Identify the following with the help of map reading a a i a a a er rr () The island groups of India lying in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal. ‘Ans. Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian sea\and Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal (ii) The countries constituting the Indian bubcontinent. ‘Ans. India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives (ili) The states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes. ‘Ans. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. (iv) The northernmost latitude in degrees. Ans, 37°6°N (v) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees. Ans, 8°4'N (vi) The easternmost and the westernmost longitude in degrees Ans. 68° 7’ E and 97° 25’ E (vii) The place situated on the three seas. ‘Ans, Kannyakumari (vii) The strait separating Sri Lanka from India. Ans, Palk Strait (ix) The Union Territories of India “Ans, Andaman and Nicobar islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Dit, Lakshadweep, Puducherry and Delhi, NCERT FOLDEREXAM PRACTICE SW Very Short Answer (vsn) Type Questions 1. Whats the latitude of the sonthernmost point ‘on the Indian mainiand?, The southernmost point on the Indian mainland is Ans. Kannyakumari ata latitude of 8°4’N 2. What is the eastemmost longitude of India? or What is the longitude of the westernmost point of India? or What is the longitudinal extent of India? The longitudinal extent of India is from 68°7" East (westernmost point of India in Gujarat) t0 97° (easternmost point of India in Arunachal Pradesh). Ans. 3. Name any two states through which.Tropic of Cancer passes, ‘Two states through which Tropic of Cancer passes are Rajasthan Ans. 4. Name the island groups of India lying in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal. The island group of Indiz lying in the Arabian Sea is the Lakshadweep islands. The island group of India lying in the Bay of Bengal is the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Ans. 5. In which year did the Indira Point get submerged under sea water? In the year 2004, Indira Point got submexged under sea Ans. water due to the Tsunami, 6. What is the total area of India's landmass? What percentage of total geographical area of the world does it cover? Total arca of India is 3.28 million sq km, It covers about Ans. is: 2.4% of the total geographical area of the world. 7. What is the position of India, based on area, in the largest countries of the world? or What is the position of India in respect of area in the world? Ans. India holds seventh position in the world in terms of area. (1 Mark 8, What is the approximate land bound, India? Ans, ‘The approximate land boundary of frig 15,200 km. 9. What is the length of Indian coasting» Ans. Length of Indian coastline is 7516.6 km, 10. What is the distance of North-South , of India in kilometres? ‘Ans. The distance of North-South extension of Indi, 3214 km. 11. What is the distance of East-West exten, India in kilometres? ‘Ans. The distance of East-West extension of India 2933 kim. 12, Name the imaginary line in India along time is taken as standard time. Ans, Standard Meridian is the imaginary line in Ind along which time is taken as standard time. 13, How many hours is the Indian Standard Time (IST) ahead of or behind Greenwic> Mean Time (GMT)? Ans. India is East of Greenwich (located a¢ 0° lo and its standard time is calculated at 82°30’ E That's why India is 54% hours ahead of Green Mean Time (GMT). 14. India’s contacts with the world were established first by which routes, land wx! or sea routes? Ans, The land routes because the various passes aco ‘mountains in the North have provided passise> the ancient travellers, while the oceans resisted such interaction for a long-time 15. Which Indian states have common frontiers with’ our neighbouring country Bhutan? Ans, ‘The Indian Staves of West Benga : Pradesh ‘kim have common Bhutan,lia Size and Location 46. Namie the counties sharing a land boundary witty Tnahhe Jus. [he countries sharing Lind Boundary with India ate Atghavistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar Cpa and Pakistan, 17. Which neighbouring country is located in the West ol India? iis. The osighbouring country located in the West of India Pakistan. 18. Which Union Territory of India has the least 2 gus. The Union T 2 which is the kshadweep has an area of only ast among all the Union 19. Which Indian state has the longest coastline? 4s. Gujarat has the longest coastline in India, 20. Which neighbour country lies to the South-East of the Nicobar islands? Ans. The neighbour country that lies to the South-East of the Nicobar islands is Indonesia, 21. Which Indian states border three countries? Ans. The Indian states that border three countries re Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu a 22, HOTS) Is it true that the land area of Russia is more than the combined areas of Australia and India? Anns, Russia has a land area of 17.09 million sq km. Australia and India together have a combined land areas of 7.09 + 3.28 million sq km = 10.97 million sq km. Thus this is crue. L, Mention the latitudinal extent of India. Explain ils significance. Ans, The latitudinal extent of India is 8°4” N and 37°6” N. The siguificance of the latitudinal extent of India are as fallow } Duc ro latitudinal extent a country got its geographical location in the world, cuides determine the appropriate time zones in which a country lies. Jia is located in the Northern Hemisphere and due rudinal position, is a tropical country. ‘sone moves from South to North the latitudinal ‘ent of India influences the duration of day and night. ! Short Answer (SA) Type Questions | 167 28. [Hors] Why are days and nights almost of ‘equal duration at Kannyakumari? Ans. ‘The days and nights are almost equal at Kannyakumari because i lies near the equator 24. (HOTS) If you want to visit Lakshadweep. rs P during your winter holiday, which water body do you have to cross? ‘Ans. We have to cross the Arabian sea ifsc visit Lakshadweep. 25. (HOTS) If you go to Silvassa, which Union Territory will you be in? Ans, We will be in the Union Lesticory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli-as Silvassa is its capital 26. [HOTS] Which Union Territories (or part of them) are found on the West coast of India? ‘Ans. The Union Territories (or part of them) which are found on the West coast of India are Daman and Diu and Mahe (part of Puducherry). Lakshadweep is off the West coast of India, not on it. 217, (HOTS) Which countries are land neighbours of India, but are not considered as part of the Indian subcontinent? Ans, The countries are Mi China. 28. [HOTS] Which states of India neither have a coastline nor have an international border? Ans. The states of India which neither have a coastline nor an international border are Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. nar, Afghanistan and [3 Marks each] 2. What is the strategic significance of India's location in Asia? Ans, The Indian landmass has a central location berween East and the West Asia, The trans-Indian Ocean routes provide a strategic central location to India, because these routes connect Europe (in the West) to the East Asian countries. ‘The various passes across the mountains in the North have provided passages to the ancient travelers. These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times. Thus, India is very strategically located.[168 | 3. Why is Indian ocean named after our ¢ country? Give three reasons Justily the naming of Midian ocean alter India Ams. Indian occa is named afr Indus bevawe (0 Talia has the longest coastne onthe Indian ocean (2) India has a central location between East and West Asia. extends towards che Indian ocean, which makes it significant to international trade done through the Indian ocean, " 4. Why do we need standard Meridian? Ans. We need w standard Meridian because (9 Standard Meridian is required to avoid difference in time within the country. (ci) India has selected 82°30" East longitude as its standard Meridian because it passes centrally chrough India, hence equidistant from east and west. (i) Iris selecced as Prime Meridian to avoid time lag of 2 hours from Arunachal Pradesh to Gujarat. Its time is the Indian standard Time. 5. Just before the Independence, how were the Provinces and States in India organised? Ans. Just before Independence in 1947, there were cwo types of States in India—the Provinces and the Princely states. Provinces were ruled directly by British officials who were appointed by the Viceroy. Princely stares were ruled by local, hereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignty of the Bricish in return for local auronomy. Examples of the rulers of Princely states are the Nizam of Hyderabad and ‘Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir. HOTS) India accounts for about 2.4% of the total geographical area of the world, but supports the second largest population of the world. What are its implications? Ans. Icis true that India accounts for about 2.49 of the total geographical area of the world, bue actually support the second largest population of the world. There are many implications which are responsible for this situation, These areas follows (9) Overcrowding causes overutilisation of resources (i Population density is very high, causing multiple problems of availability of resources, (iii) Higher population leads to inadequate per capira income and lower economic development as compared to developed and less populated countries. RACTICE ___EXAMP ee Allingme SOCIAL SCIENCE ¢,,.. ing of Suez Cana! has J Open 7. HOT ensely”. Give 1m benefited India im! statement to justify this. suer Canal was opened in 1869. fh, eee rice herween India and fy, reduced the dista fy about 7000 ken. Earlier the sea route fy rope to India was Pia Cape of Good Hey whichis the Southern tip of Africa. This, veas very long, Thus. the Sur Canal has ee" the distance between India and Europe. say thatthe opening of Suez Canal has beng India immensely. 8. (HOTS) Why is India called a subcontine, Name the countries which form the Ing, subcontinent. ‘Ans, A subcontinent is a big geographical uni, different geographical features than the rer. continent. The Indian subcontinent exhibic, features in the continent of Asia (i) It covers 2.4% of the Earth’s total land ia, hhasa long land frontier of about 15200 ix and coastline of about 7500 km. (if Its natural frontiers like Himalayas in che North and the Deccan Peninsula in the provide it unique identity on che globe (iid Tes longitudinal and latitudinal extent is 2b. 30° in both directions. The Himalayas separate it from the rest of Asia. Ie enjoys unique climate, natural vegetation and culture. The Indian subcontinent comprises Ind Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhucar,$ Lanka and Maldives, 9, [HOTS)Explain why the cities of Mumbe: and Chennai are able to see the noon Sz: exactly overhead twice a year, but Delhi never sees it exactly overhead. Ans. The movement of the Sun towards North South of the equator is within the nwo «opics All the places located within the wo tropics hs ovethead Sun twice a year. Mumbai and Chennai lie South of che Tropic! Cancer i.e, 23°30N. That's why these so ci’ see noon Sun overhead twice a year. Delhi is located at 29°N latitude. It is Norho! Tropic of Cancer. Areas of the Earth located North of Tropic of Cancer never experience Se" directly overhead. Thus, Delhi never sees Su? exactly overhead.ON! India Size and Location cribe the location and size of India in points each India is the seventh | ve largest country in the Worl ict Rustin, Canada. USA, Chine, Broo and Australia. It hes entirely in the Northern hemisphere @ The mainland extends between latitudes 8°4” N and 37°’ N and longitudes 68°7” Be gitades F and Gi) The Tropic of Cancer (23°30” N) divides the country into almos ost two equal parts. Its South par sonuidered asthe opel zone and _ ‘orthern is considered the sub-tropical zane of India et ‘Size @ Th he landmass of India has an area of 3.28 million sq km. (@ India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 % of the total geographical area of the world. (29 India has a land boundary of about 15200 km and the roral length of coastline including, ‘Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands is about 7516.6 km. 2. What is the longitudinal extent of India? ‘What is its implication? ‘Ans. The longitudinal extent of India is from 68° 7" Eto 975’ £. The Earth rotates from West to East. So, the Sun appears to move from East ro West. There is a ‘corresponding time difference of one hour for every 15° of longitudinal difference. Due to this, thece is local time difference of almost two hours between the extreme Fastern and Western parts of India. Due to this time difference, one uniform Standard Meridian (42°30’E) has been chosen for India. It is so, that every place in India should have one standard time; that is known as Indian Standard ‘Time UST) 3. India has had strong geographical and historical links with her neighbours comment or Explain the impact of India’s relations with the other countries of the world through land routes, ng Answer (1A) Type Questions Ans 169 (5 Marks » India hae a long his neers trang aagriphical and historical i neighbours This cam be justified from she + The varus passes across the Himalayas have provided gateways to many ancient the ocean restncted such interaction, These wre commodier sine ancient tue » Due to India unique position including che Famous ‘Silk Route’, passed through the (ndian subcontinent. © The ideas of the Upanishads. the Ramayana, Panchtantra and other Indian sczocures we to the world in earlier rimes. Indian as decimal system also crossed che border. The Arabs took these ideas to the Wesr. India 5 silk, spices, handicrafts. muslin and other merchandise were taken from Incha to dh countries. Greeks enriched the Indian « contributions in the field of archi science, ete. Islamic influence (from West Asia) is visible in architectural seyles of ds minarets etc in India. 4, (HOTS) India has a long coastline which is advantageous. Explain. ‘Ans, No other country has a long coastline om che Ladin Ocean as India has. Indeed i has provided 2 significant boost to India's marime Almost 90% of India’s invernational through sea. The Decean Peninsula extends rowards the Lnian Ocean, thus helping India to establish close sonst with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast and with South-East Asia and East Asia from the Eastern coast India’s cena location ac the head of the Indian ‘ocean and its long coastline have helped in it interaction through sea The sea routes passing through the Indian ocean provide casy connectivity o India with the West and the East. India has developed many ports on its Western and Eastern coasts like Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Visakhapattiam etc, which have become major cenvies for international business.170 5. Ans, 1 Ans. ‘NOTS) India is said to enjoy a strategic Position with reference to international trade routes. In your view, which features Provide Indha a strategic advantage? or Explain the importance of India's location on the globe. India occupies a unique position on the glabe. ft cnioys a unique proximity with Europe, Africa and Australia, The Indian landmass has a central location berween East and West Asia Value Based Questions (VBQs) India’s contacts with the world have continued through the ages due to its strategic position in Asia. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world However, the Indian system of values is somewhat different from the values of the Western countries and has remained so despite these ancient contacts. Only during the last few years has our value system been significantly influenced by ideas from the West. What do you think may be the reasons for this system of values remaining intact for so many centuries, but is rapidly changing now? Ans, The contacts berween Indians and the people of the West in ancient times were between only a limited number of people from both sides, duc to communication links being limited. All yOME SOCIAL SCIENCE India is the southward extension of Asia: thy ' Seat ( nal Peninsula of the world’s Lar The Deccan Peninsula, India’s southward exter, towards the Indian ocean and divides ir in Arabian Sea on the West and the Bay of The Deccan Peninsula helps India to establish ca contact with West Asia, East Africa and Europ: from the Western coast and with South-East Asif Asia and Australia from the Eastern coast. India a. the longest coastline on the Indian occan. These ‘geographical features provides India a significance, international trade. [3 Marks . ‘There were no telephones, no aeroplanes, n0 interner those times and thus, the contacts were very limited, Asa result, the Indian system of values was not influenced much. However, now there is quick «rans of ideas due to fast means of communication, so Indian system of values is being affected and chac quite rapidly. Before 1947, there were two types of States ia India—the Provinces and the Princely’states time of Independence, the ruler of the Princei state of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, acce to India and not to Pakistan, although the majo> of population in the state was Muslim Ifyou had been in place of the ruler, what would you have done and why? | would have still acceded to India, as Pakisean is noc secular country, whereas India is a secular country. Act are a significant number of the people of Jammu and Kashmir who are not Muslims, they would have been persecuted if the stare acceded to Pakistan. In Indi ofall religions and faiths are treated equally and so the rulers decision was a wise one\ ue India-Size and Location \171| Y Map Based Questions ‘ (3 Marks each) 1, (a) TWo features are shown on the political outline map of India, Identify these features and write {a) Two features are shown on the political outline ‘map of India. Identify these features and write ‘thelr names on the lines marked on the map. their names on the lines marked on the map (1) Astate with a large tribal population (i) Capital of this state, (i) This state became part of India in 1961. (ii) This state has the longest international (b} On the map, locate and label the following prundaly; with appropriate symbols, (b) On the map, locate and label the following (#) A state in the Eastern region of India with appropriate symbols, bordering three countries, but not bordering China. {i) Tropic of Cancer, (ii) The Southernmost point of the mainland of India (it) The strait separating India from Sri Lanka ) ‘ L = Bn Ans, (a) (i) Bhubaneshwar (i) Jammu and Kashmir Ans. (a) (i) Nagaland (i) Goa (6) (9 Dored line shown on the map (b) () West Bengal (ii) Palk Strait (ii) Kannyakumari a f ea = | | 7 ean | ‘ : “Jammu ard Kasten meme | aa = es ~ EXAM PRACTICE(by Ans. (a) () Goa (b) EXAM PRACTICE shown on the political ed eetP et Iita,eatly thage feteor the atte their names on the line meet the ma () This is tne (i) This state yanmar On the map, locate and label the follos with appropriate symbols. () This state is the state in India, (4) The Standard Meridian of India, smallest state in area. borders both Bangladesh and ng Most sparsely populated (i) Mizoram ) (i) Arunachal Pradesh (i) Dotted line shown on the map ~~) 1010) Standart Mendian _ oe 5 Arunachal races e wats | \ af So BE | Iw o—¥ ~ Sea ms e | al e > Allyyome SOCIAL SCIENCE Clas an 4, On the outline map of India, locate the following features (a) (i) Capital of this state (i) This state has the longest coasting (b) (i) The East-West extent of India, (ii) The North-South extent of India, (c) Astate of India having common bouny Nepal and Bangladesh. Nd tay, ary yy ay Ans. (a) (i) Patna (b) (8 2933 km (c) West Bengal (i) Gujarat (i) 3214 kmLF ASSESSMENT & Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions Which Union Territory has its land borders touching two states in the Western part of India? Name the states which have a common border with China, India’s total area accounts for about 2.4% of the total geographical area of the world. What is the rank of India in the world in terms of size? 4. Which latitudinal line divides India into approximately two equal parts? 5. What is length of total land boundary of India? 6. What is the North-South extent of India? 7. Name the Indian states sharing borders with three countries. 8. Name the countries having land frontier with India 9. ‘Through which city in Uttar Pradesh does Standard Meridian of India pass? | Short Answer (SA) Type Questions 10. What routes of trade replaced the ‘Silk Route’ in modern times? Why? HOTS 11. How has the opening of the Suez Canal benefited India? 12. Why is the location of India at the head of the Indian ocean significant? 13. “Indian Ocean is named after India”. Justify the statement by three points. ‘vBQ 14. Give a brief account on the extent of India. 15. Which longitude has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India? Explain any two reasons for its selection. 16, “India is an ancient country. It has contributed many things to the world and in return got many things”. Give examples which you think are fit to justify this statement. vBQ | Long Answer (1A) Type Questions 17, How have the ancient and much older land routes contributed to exchange 0 icas and goods? 18. What is the time lag between ‘Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat? How is a uniform time set at all places? 19. Giv ‘a brief account on the size of India. HOTS: