What is a Project?

A project is made up of group of interrelated work activities

constrained by a specific scope, budget, and schedule to deliver
capital assets needed to achieve the strategic goals of an
organization.
The goal of construction project is to build something. What
differentiate construction industry from other industries is that
its projects are large, built on-site, and generally unique. Time,
money, labor, equipment and materials are all of the kinds of
resources that are consumed by the project.

Projects are defined by their scope, budget and schedule.

Scope - refers to the work to be accomplished, that is, the
quantity and quality of work.
Budget - refers to costs and/or labor-hours of work
Schedule - refers to the logical sequencing and timing of the
work to be performed.
The source of many problems associated with a project is
failure to properly define the project scope. Not only should
the scope, budget and schedule be well defined, but each
must be linked together since one affects the other, both
individually and collectively.

Since project scope defines the work to be accomplished, it

should be the first task in the development of a project, prior
to the development of either budget or the schedule.
Budgeting is important because it establishes the amount of
money the owner will spend to obtain the project and the
amount of money that the design and construction
organizations will be compensated for performing the work.

Scheduling is important because it brings together project

definition, people, cost, resources, timing and methods of
performing the work to define the logical sequencing of
activities for the project.
QUALITY is an integral part of scope, budget and schedule
Project involves the coordination of group activity, wherein the
manager plans, organizes, staff directs, and controls to achieve
an objective, with constraints on time, cost and performance of
the end product.

Project management is the combination of project and

management.
Purpose of Project Management
Project Management may be defined as the art and science of
coordinating people, equipment, materials, money and
schedules to complete a specified project on time and within
approved cost.
Project Life Cycle
Every project, from conception to completion, passes through
various phases. An understanding of the cycle is important to
have a successful completion of the project as it facilitates to
understand the logical sequence of events in the continuum of
progress from start to finish.
• PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
• CONSTRUCTION PHASE
• POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

- services before a construction job even begins.

- includes creating a strategic plan for the project, creating a

design, securing permits or entitlements, and gathering the
labor and resources required for construction;
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES :

Secure a Project Team

Typically the start of a construction project occurs when a project owner has an idea for a project and
begins to work with a project manager. During an initial introduction, the project management team
will take time to assess whether a potential project is realistic and feasible. If the project manager
determines the project is feasible then the project can truly begin

Strategic Plan Development

Once a project manager and owner have agreed to pursue a project together, the first thing the
project management team will do is create a strategic development plan for the project. This will
include the budget for the project and the estimated timeline for completion. While this information
is important, the strategic plan for the project will also serve as a guide for other construction team
members during the remainder of the project. In many ways, the strategic plan developed at the
outset of a project serves as an ongoing reference point for each member of the team to refer back to
if needed.
Permitting and Entitlements

Once a design has been put on paper it is usually time to pursue permitting. In some cases securing
permitting and entitlements can run concurrently with the design process. Typically, the project
manager helps guide the project through the permitting process.

General Contractor Selection

- During the pre-construction phase, a general contractor and subcontractors will need to be
brought onto the project. General contractors are responsible for handling the physical construction
process. This includes using their own labor and securing the services of any necessary
subcontractors required to complete construction.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES :

a. Design Stage

1. Collection and review of all drawings and technical specifications.

2. Conducting Design Coordination Meetings with Consultants along with client.
3. Value Engineering
a) Study on Construction ability and Feasibility.
b) Suggestion on sourcing and alternate material & Agency.
c) Foresee the real requirement of details proactively.
d) Optimization of Cost & Time.
4. Collecting the BOQ with estimate from the entire consultant.
5. Reviewing & Making consolidated budget and get it approved from the client.
6. Preparation of Tender Document and get it approved from the client
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES :

b. Tendering Stage

1. Short listing of Vendors for various works.

2. Issue of tender document for short listed vendors.
3. Conducting pre bid meeting with consultants on the queries raised by the
vendors.
4. Collecting filled tender documents and making comparative statements.
5. Attending negotiation meetings and giving guidance on selecting of correct
vendor to the client.
In the general contractor selection bidding process the project manager will invite
bids from select contractors who wish to work on the project. These bids will then
be evaluated by the project manager and owner. Usually, bid submissions are
followed up with an interview process with the general contractor company. Once
a good fit for the project has been found, the general contractor is brought on
board and tasked with preparing for physical construction. This includes securing
the services of any necessary subcontractors or skilled labor that the project
requires.
The necessary bidding procedure consists of four steps, namely:
• Bid solicitation
• Bid submission
• Bid selection
• Contract Formation
Bid Solicitation
- this is when the project owner sends out invitations for bids. They
give specifications for the project, project requirements, contract
type, and delivery method.

Bid Submission
- the contractor submits all the relevant business information
encompassing management plans, past projects, and their track
record for timely project completion. It also has cost estimates
based on the bill of quantities.
Bid Selection

- the winning bid is selected in this stage. In most government

projects, it is the one with the lowest price. However, in private
projects, the owners can choose bids that are higher priced.
Whether the owner chooses an open or a closed bid process for the project, the bids will
then come in, and the selection of a contractor can commence based on a number of
criteria:
•Low-Bid Selection:
The bottom line — aka the price — is the main focus for the project owner. The
winning contractor is the one who submits the lowest price for the project.
•Qualifications-Based Selection:
In this process, the project owner asks contractors to submit with their bid a
request for qualifications (RFQ), which summarizes the contractor’s experience,
plans for management, organizational flow, and success in staying on budget and
on schedule. The project owner then chooses the contractor with the best
qualifications.
•Best-Value Selection:
In this approach, the project owner considers both the bid price and the
contractor’s qualifications to find the best combination of cost and skill set.
Contract Formation
- after the owner selects the winning bid, a contract must be formed and signed.
This is an excellent opportunity to negotiate the contract price and terms of the
agreement if your company wins the bid.

c. Contract Award Stage

1. Preparing contract document along with drawings and get it approved from the
client.
2. Collecting all necessary documents from the finalized vendor like project
schedule, cash flow statement, resource deployment schedule and quality & safety
policies, etc,.
3. After collecting all documents, Issue of contract document to the finalized vendor.
4. Based on the finalized contract values preparing 2nd cut budget.
5. Conducting Kick off meeting at site and start the work at site.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE

- now the work begins. The project team begins the

crucial work of assigning resources, implementing
project management plans, setting up tracking
systems, completing tasks, updating the project
schedule, and if necessary, modifying the project
plan.

- The monitoring phase often happens concurrently

with the execution phase. This phase is necessary to
measure progress and performance and to ensure
that items are in line with the overall project
management plan.
Construction Stage
a. Review of Drawings and inform consultants regarding any additional / changes required in
the drawing.
b. Conducting Progress review meetings in regular intervals.
c. Implementing & maintaining the checklists for all the works.
d. Providing technical & experienced team to the site for effective execution of Project in time
and quality.
e. Check and approve the materials quality
f. Involve and discuss with all the consultants regarding the shortfalls in the detailing and sort
out all issues including service integration.
g. Providing Methodology of working for all works before starts.
h. Tracking the project as per the schedule and also recording the delays in project due to un
expected issues like strike, weather conditions, material short supply etc.
i. Plan for accommodating the delays in the project schedule and completing the project in
initial planned time.
j. To equip the execution team by providing formats, check lists & reports.
k. Submitting Monthly Progress, Quality and EHS report to the client.
Construction Stage
l. Providing Methodology of working for all works before starts.
m. Tracking the project as per the schedule and also recording the delays in project due to un
expected issues like strike, weather conditions, material short supply etc.
n. Plan for accommodating the delays in the project schedule and completing the project in initial
planned time.
o. To equip the execution team by providing formats, check lists & reports.
p. Submitting Monthly Progress, Quality and EHS report to the client.
q. Check & Certifying of all contractors/Agencies Bills.
r. Keep a track of executed quantity against budgeted quantity. Any escalation in quantity &
financial implications in budget to be highlighted to the client in time and getting approval.
s. Check & approve the rates for NT items before execution.
t. Reconciliation of Materials.
u. Implementing and insisting to follow safety.
v. Responsible to provide the required data to Technical, Finance & Accounts department related
to billing.
w. Maintaining Bills and Reports in proper filing system.
POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE
a. Collection all as built drawings from vendors and consultants and approved by architect.
b. Collection of warranty manuals, maintenance manuals.
c. Certifying all vendor bills after collecting all documents and attending snags.
d. Preparing detailed statement of all vendor details with contacts of key persons for approaching
client for any kind defects created during the defect liability period.
e. Preparation of Completion certificate based on all documents & Drawings.
f. Assist in finding suitable facility Manager.
g. Handing over all documents and giving basic guidelines about the project to facility manager.
h. Handing over consolidated details of retention amount and release schedule to the client.