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 21-08-2022

I. WORD CHOICE (5PTS)

Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences
1.When we used to take the caravan to Wales, my dad would drive and my mum used to
. Now she doesn’t need to, because we’ve got a satnav.
A. navigate B. ride C. pilot D. map
2. After our disastrous holiday we put in a ______ for compensation
A. query B. plea C. demand D. claim
3. It took me a long time to get the ______ of my new computer.
A. hang B. knack C. habit D. use
4. The men’s efforts to help only served to _________ the problem and they were finally forced to call in the
emergency services.
A. extricate B. enervate C. extirpate D. exacerbate
5.This report ______ the current problems faced by commuters and suggests a number of improvements.
A. encapsulates B. encloses C. inspects D. involves
6. The company seeks to ______ staff and has a generous package of benefits.
A. possess B. retain C. own D. grasp
7. I used to be able to solve the Rubik cube very quickly but I seem to have lost the ______ .
A. hang B. knack C. habit D. use
8.The ______ workers were expecting thousands of refugees to turn up at the camps over the next few
weeks.
A. social B. concern C. relief D. agency
9. I don't know how George could ever find anything as his desk was always ______.
A. messed B. cluttered C. jumbled D. cramped
10. Having planned our weekends to watch football, we found the news of the home team’s players’ strike
most _________.
A. disconcerting B. refreshing C. activating D. debilitating

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS)

Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences
1.Because we hadn’t seen each other for ages, we sat ______ for hours.
A. to have talked B. to have been talking
C. talking D. to be talked
2. As soon as John ______, we can leave.
A. has the car starting B. has got the car started
C. got started the car D. was got starting the car
3.The pills are not harmful ______, but are dangerous when taken with alcohol.
A. as it all B. as such C. per se D. at that
4.“Does your uncle earn much?”
“Of course not. Otherwise, he ______ on his parents all the time.”
A. would not have had to rely B. doesn’t have to rely
C. would not have to rely D. won’t have to rely
5. A: You’re sitting on my bag, Linda.
B: ______. Sorry.
A: So, am I B. So I am C. So do I D. So I do
6. We will answer you in writing, if need ______.
A. is B. be C. was D. will be
7.________, the meeting began.
A. After we have sat down B. All of us having taken the seats
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C. Our having seated D. Once we have seated
8. He managed to buy a car after all—and a nice one at ______.
A. that B. which C. it D. whom
9. They sat and talked ______ into the night.
A. deeply B. in a deep way C. deepeningly D. deep
10. For the first few months, the babies looked so alike I couldn’t tell ____.
A. who is whom B. which is which
C. which from which D. whom with whom

III.PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5PTS)

Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle.
1.Jane gave me the low-down ______ the other guests at the party.
A. of B. together with C. on D. to
2.The end- of- semester marks in each year all count _______ your final degree.
A. for B. towards C. in for D. as
3. He says he knows nothing about the missing documents but I’m sure he is holding ______ me.
A. up B. into C. out on D. off
4. I think that Jokovik is ______ a level with Federa.
A. at B. above C. in D. on
5. Thomas has a tendency to ______ when he has ants in his pants.
A. seal in  B. horse around  C. jerk out  D. drag up
6. She rounded ______ the tour with a concert at Carnegie Hall.
A. up B. into C. off D. along
7. After a difficult childhood, Jeannie bounced ______ when she was adopted by a caring family.
A. up B. off C. back D. over
8. He muttered a few words of apology and ______ that he left.
A. with B. in C. at D. before
9. His confessions were made ______ torture.
A. under B. of C. up of D. from
10. I was allowed to sit ______ on an executive meeting.
A. in B. about C. at D. up

IV.IDIOMS AND COLLOCATIONS. (5PTS)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
1. I'd like to start the meeting and get down to ______ tacks.
A. silver B. brass C. copper D. gold
2. As the maestro lifted his baton the theater was so still you could hear ______ .
A. his heartbeat B. a pin drop C. bird wings D. the drum beating
I had to ______ the class all the answers to the test.
A. fork-feed B. knife-feed C. spoon feed D. happily feed
4. I think I understand the nuts and ______ of the operation.
A. screws B. hammer C. nails D. bolts
5. I'll be back in the twinkling of ______ .
A. an eye B. a lighting bolt C. a smile D. a laugh
6. Look, I will pay you back. Would you please call the ______?!
A. hunters off B. tigers off C. dogs off D. apes off
7.Meg had a ______ escape when she was hang-gliding yesterday.
A. slender B. close C. near D. narrow
8. I can’t tell you the exact amount, but I can give you a ______ estimate.
A. smooth B. tidy C. rough D. similar
9. Serena is still _______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant.
A. blissfully B. jubilantly C. ecstatically D. delightedly

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10.At the ______of its popularity in the late nineties, the band sold ten million albums a year.
A. height B. top C. summit D. peak

V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS)

1/ READING COMPREHENSION 1(5PTS)
Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:

ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION

The anthropology of religion is not the study of specific religions. Instead, the anthropology of religion
involves the study of various religious practices and beliefs, and their variations throughout the world. The
studies relate to the role of these practices and beliefs in the smaller-scale societies in which they are
practiced. The anthropology of religion studies the different practices, not to determine their correctness, but
to explain how the practices are relevant to different cultures.

Rituals are important aspects of all religions. Whether the ritual is going to church on a certain day of the
week or wearing certain kinds of clothes and interacting with individuals in particular kinds of ways, rituals
involve symbolism - in words, actions, or the use of objects. Usually rituals are performed in sacred
locations such as temples or churches. Sometimes the performance of a ritual involves an emotional
outpouring which makes the performer feel good and reinforces his or her religious practices.

The anthropology of religion also involves the study of peoples’ beliefs about supernatural forces and
supernatural beings. Several categories of these beliefs include animatism, animism, ancestral spirits, gods
and goddesses, and minor supernatural beings.

Many Polynesian cultures believe in animatism which is thought to be present in all objects, whether plant
or animal. Animatism, which is also referred to as “mana” is thought to be present in objects in varying
degrees. According to the believers, those objects possessing greater amounts of mana are more dangerous
than objects possessing less. The Polynesian cultures believe that volcanoes are very dangerous because
they contain much harmful mana. Also, these cultures view tribal chiefs as having high degree of dangerous
mana and believe that the chiefs should be carried around all of the time so that their footprints do not leave
a residue that can injure people who later step in the places where the chief has walked. The power of
animatism is thought to be impersonal - without human-like qualities and traits.

Animism is another important belief of Polynesian cultures. With animism, the spirits are considered to have
personalities and human-like traits. Sometimes the spirits are referred to as “he” end “she” by people who
believe in animism. Spirits are reported to animate natural objects and everything in nature - whether a
flower, dirt, or a rock - are thought to have their own unique, different spirit. The Native American cultures
also believed in animism, but their concept of this belief was somewhat different from the Polynesians’
belief. Where the Polynesians believed everything possessed different spirits, the Native Americans believed
that everything in nature had the same spirit. Both cultures believed that the spirits could be good, bad, or
neutral and that the spirits could be loving, frightening, or mischievous.

They also believed that if people did things to displease the spirits then the spirits might respond to those
who had displeased them in unfriendly and unpleasant ways.
Most cultures believe in the ghosts or souls of ancestors because most cultures believe there is a reparation
of the body and soul upon death. The cultures which believe in ancestral spirits believe these spirits remain
an integral part of the family and that, if treated well, the ancestors will bless the families in many ways -
whether in business success, agricultural production, or personal relationships. Asian cultures tend to have a
more favorable attitude about ancestral spirits than do the European cultures who often believe that the
ghosts of ancestors can be dangerous and do frightening things such as haunting houses.

Most cultures believe in deities who have supernatural powers with separate identities. These supernatural
beings are usually worshipped because they are considered so powerful. Those praying to the deities often
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ask the deities to help in times of crisis and need. Some of the religions are monotheistic but others are
polytheistic. Polytheistic religions often rank the gods, and while the more important gods are worshipped,
the less important gods are sometimes ignored.

A final category of supernatural beings includes those beings which are not gods, humans, or spirits but are
those beings which have supernatural powers and the ability to trick people. Usually these beings are neither
good nor bad. They move quickly and play tricks on people-without doing my harm. Children’s fairy tales
often include supernatural beings such as elves, leprechauns, or pixies who may hide something belonging
to someone or steal something and then disappear. In some cultures the trickster is an animal rather than
human-like. Native Americans considered the coyote, a sly animal, as a troublemaker. Certain birds, along
with mice and spiders, have also been considered tricksters in certain cultures.
Whether it is the belief in deities, the practice of rituals, or the belief in other types of supernatural beings,
the anthropology of religion is important to the understanding of various religions and how religions
function as part of the culture of people.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is mentioned about anthropology of religion?
A. Anthropology of religion is the study of specific religions.
B. Anthropology of religion involves religions in specific locations.
C. Anthropology of religion attempts to determine the correctness of a religion.
D. Anthropology of religion studies various religious practices and beliefs.
2. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT mentioned about animatism?
A. Animatism is considered to be present in all objects.
B. Some animals which have greater “mana” are worshipped more.
C. People try to avoid the footprints of tribal chiefs not to be harmed.
D. Mana has qualities that are somewhat different from human beings.
3. Based on paragraphs 4 and 5, which of the following is true about animatism and animism?
A. They are different in that animatism has human-like traits and animism does not.
B. They are different in that animatism is more related to natural objects.
C. The power of animatism is thought to be much dangerous than that of animism.
D. Animatism and animism exist only in Polynesian cultures.
4. Why does the author mention volcanoes in paragraph 4?
A. To illustrate an object which contains harmful mana
B. To point out that volcanoes erupt often and they are dangerous
C. To emphasize that every object has its own spirit
D. To contradict the fact that the author describes in the previous paragraph
5. Rituals, while are part of many persons’ lives, are important to understand in that
A. they are unimportant to religious practices and beliefs.
B. they involve no emotional aspect on the participants as they conduct the ritual.
C. they involve symbolism which conveys meaningful experiences to participants.
D. they are only important to specific religions and sects because they are sometimes thought to undermine
traditional religious concepts and practices.
6. Why does the author mention “elves, leprechauns, or pixies” in paragraph 8?
A. As an example of supernatural beings with the ability to trick people
B. As one of the most interesting fairy tale characters
C. As deities that have more mana than other supernatural spirits
D. As spirits that help tribal chiefs
7. Based on the passage above, which of the following can be inferred?
A. There is close correlation between religion and culture.
B. Supernatural beings are more important than deities.
C. Various religious rituals should be integrated into one.
D. People should not ignore ancestral spirits and supernatural beings.
8. Which of the following is true about European cultures mentioned in the passage?
A. European cultures are far superior to Asian cultures.
B. European cultures have more favorable attitudes about ancestral spirits.

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 C. European cultures interpret ancestral spirits differently from Asian cultures.
D. Haunted houses are often referred to as the most dangerous place in European cultures.
9.The word ‘residue’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________ .
A. remnant B. paean C. restock D. gorge
10.The word ‘mischievous’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to___________ .
A. vicious B. misanthropic C. injudicious D. prankish

2/ READING COMPREHENSION 2(5PTS)

Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:

Many varieties of ivy exist in North America, Europe, and other parts of the world. Some types grow wild in
Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Even though there are different types of ivy, the plants are woody perennial
plants which have beautiful green leaves with five points. Their berries are usually black or yellow and their
flowers are usually yellow and small. In Europe one type of ivy is called Irish ivy but the same plant in
America is called English ivy. The ivy plants which grow as ground cover will spread horizontally and can
reach heights of more than seven feet. Usually the ivy which is used as ground cover in gardens is used for
that purpose because the plants grow well in the shade and can be used under trees where other plants do not
grow well or where the plant’s thickness is desired to keep out weeds. The plants density is also a reason
why many people use the plant to landscape slopes and hills where erosion has been, is, or might be a
problem.
Some ivy plants make beautiful exterior wall coverings. The plants which are considered to be “climbers”
can grow more than fifty feet and are used in landscaping situations where plant growth is desired on or near
a wall. Some people find the major disadvantage of ivy used as ground cover is that once the desired effect
and quantity is reached, the plant is extremely difficult to eliminate.
Regardless of the type of ivy plants, their foliage, or leaves, will always remain green, and most plants are
grown because of the beautiful leaf quality. Decorators have also been using ivy to add to flower baskets so
their wonderful trailing qualities can be used to allow the plants to cascade over the sides of the baskets.
Once very common as a house plant, German ivy, with its variegated or green leaves, is a trailing vine that
is also found in the United States. Where English ivy is generally an outdoor plant, German ivy is an indoor
or house plant even though it is not used as often today as it was many years ago. Today the ivy is generally
used in hanging baskets rather than grown in pots.
Poison ivy, like other ivy plants, is a pretty plant. It is abundant in North America and is sometimes found in
the shape of shrubs, vines, and ground cover. Its leaves, in clusters of three, are almond-shaped and dark
green when the ivy is mature. Young ivy plants usually have lighter green leaves but both the younger and
more mature varieties have stunning red leaves in the fall of the year. The edges of the poison ivy leaves do
not have a saw-tooth edge but instead have a smooth-lined edge. Many people refer to the leaves as
“mitten”-shaped leaves rather than almond-shaped leaves but in either situation is recognizable by its leaf
shape as well as by the clustering of the leaves. Poison ivy plants also bear berries which are grey-white in
color and are a source of food for birds during the winter months.
Poison ivy, in contrast to the other kinds of ivy, has leaves that are coated with a chemical mixture called
urushiol. The urushiol, in turn, causes an irritating, and sometimes serious, itching 'kin rash on people. Some
people are immune to poison ivy but other people’s reaction to poison ivy is considered an allergic reaction
and can be very severe. The rash is not always found on the surface of the skin. Sometimes, if the poison ivy
is being burned and its smoke being inhaled, the rash will appear on the linings of a person’s lungs. People
should never eat poison ivy because the rash will line the stomach and may be fatal. Even dead poison ivy
can have an irritating effect on people because the plant’s leaves will still be coated with urushiol.
Swedish ivy and devil’s ivy are called ivy but are not really in the ivy family. Swedish ivy is a member of
the mint family even though it is a trailing vine. It, like ivy plants, has deep green leaves rut the leaves are
oval rather than five-pointed. Devil’s ivy is a vigorously-growing, trailing rouse plant with bright green
heart-shaped leaves which is used in hanging baskets. It can be poisonous if consumed and it too, like
Swedish ivy, is not in the ivy family. Devil’s ivy is a climbing plant native to Southeast Asia and is
considered a tropical plant.

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1. What can we infer about ivy plants in the first paragraph?
A. Ivy plants do not grow in Australia. B. Ivy plants live for a short time.
C. All ivy plants have more than one name D. All ivy plants might cause erosion.
2. Poison ivy is usually not considered one of the useful varieties which horticulturists cultivate for
A. property line borders and shrubs.
B. use in spaces where lush vegetation growth is intended and needed for ground cover.
C. decorative use in interior design projects within the home.
D. landscape design-inspired projects which require concealers for extended coverage on wall areas.
3. Within the families of plant classification, why does the author discuss plants which are called “ivy” but
are not actually in the ivy family ?
A. To explain German ivy is difficult to eradicate as a house plant
B. To explain Swedish ivy’s brilliantly colored leaves place the plant in a different category of plants
C. To explain English ivy’s designated identifying name renders its classification as a member of the ivy
family incorrect
D. To explain poison ivy, because of its horizontal growth pattern, does not fit the definition of ivy to be
classified as a member of that family of plants
4. How does the author describe “seasons of the year play a vital role in a plant’s characteristics” in the
passage?
A. German ivy’s usefulness as an outdoor plant become.' secondary to its role as an indoor plant.
B. Poison ivy’s habitat and production of berries affect the plant's coloring because of the nutrients and
chlorophyll in the fall.
C. English ivy is unable to adjust to seasonal changes and loses its leaves as a result.
D. Irish ivy is unable to sustain severe climatic and temperature variations.
5. According to the passage, why might the “non” ivy plants be called “ivy”?
A. They are used as ground covers. B. They have green leaves.
C. They are trailing plants. D. They are perennials.
6. According to the passage, which ivy is considered a tropical plant?
A. Devil’s ivy B. Irish ivy C. German ivy D. Poison ivy
7. What is the reason the author discusses urushiol?
A. To illustrate it is a type of ivy which has become popular as a decorating item
B. To illustrate its properties may cause individuals with skin sensitivity to have reactions to the ingredient
C. To illustrate that while a special substance, the scope and extent of coverage may extend to all types of
ivy plants
D. To illustrate its beautiful leaf quality and mitten-shaped formation make it a popular ground cover for
landscape design artists
8. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. That ivy is a horticulturist’s nightmare because of the numerous types of plants within the family
classification.
B. That ivy while used for many purposes is actually better suited for interior rather than exterior use.
C. That ivy as a landscape design tool is rather ineffective.
D. That ivy is utilized for interior as well as exterior projects, displaying both desirable and undesirable
characteristics.
9.The word ‘cascade over’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to___________ .
A. rise or hang in large amounts B. fall or hang in large amounts
C. rise or hang in small amounts D. fall or hang in small amounts
10.The word ‘variegated’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________ .
A. hardy B. mirthful C. motley D. flagrant

VI. CLOZE TEST

1/ CLOZE TEST 1 (5PTS)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
Whenever we read about the natural world nowadays, it is generally to be (1) _____ dire predictions about
its imminent destruction. Some scientists go so far as to assert that from now on, the world can no longer be
called” natural’, is so far as suture processes of weather, (2) _____ and all the interactions of plant and
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animal life will no longer carry on in their time-honored way, unaffected by man. There will never be such a
thing as “natural weather” again, say such writers, only weather (3) _____ by global warming. It is hard to
know whether to believe such (4) _____ of doom, possibly because what they are saying seems too terrible
to be true.
There are other equally influential scientists who argue that climate, for example, has changed many
times over the (5) _____, and that what we are experiencing now may simply be part of an endless cycle of
change, rather than a disaster on a global (6) _____. One can help wondering whether these attempts to wish
the problem away (7) _____ underline the extent to which western industrialized countries are to blame for
upsetting the world’s ecology. It is not our fault; they seem to be saying, because everything is all right,
really! One certain (8) _____ which is chilling in its implications, is that there is no longer anywhere on the
earth’s surface, whether in the Depths of the oceans or in the polar wastes, which is not (9) _____ by
polluted air or (10) _____ with empty cans and bottles. Now we are having to come to terms with
understanding just what that means, and it is far from easy.

1. A. make B. granted C. given D. told

2. A. atmosphere B. even C. climate D. change
3. A. organized B. manufactured C. built D. affected
4. A. warriors B. giants C. prophets D. champions
5. A. centuries B. again C. top D. world
6. A. existence B. sense C. form D. scale
7. A. to B. simply C. or D. that
8. A. must B. fact C. and D. fault
9. A. only B. breathing C. full D. stained
10. A. recycled B. littered C. even D. bothered.

2/ CLOZE TEST 2 (5PTS)

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
A village at the foothills of the Italian alps that sees no sun for nearly three months a year is to (1) _____ its
winters by using a giant mirror to reflect sunshine onto its main square.
This week, the 197 inhabitants of Viganella, which is buried in the narrow Antrona valley, north of
Turin, will gather for the arrival of a tailor-made (2) _____ of steel 8 m wide and 5 m high. It will be flown
by helicopter to a (7) _____ spot on the mountainside.
The mayor, Pier Franco Midali, who is spearheading the project, is (4) _____ that the hamlet will no
longer have to suffer from the complete absence of direct sunlight for 83 days a year, from November 11 to
February 2.
Midali first (5) _____ the ball rolling with a (6) _____ he made seven years ago, after he (7) _____ a
sundial for the façade of the parish church. He told the architect who made this that if he could think of a
solution to bring the sun to Viganella, he would (8) _____ it all the way.
Weighing more than a ton, and (9) _____ on the nearby Colna peak, the mirror will reflect the sun’s
rays onto the village square half a mile away and light up an area of 30 square meters for at least six hours a
day. The mirror’s maker has (10) _____ it will stand up to the strongest winds and will last at least 30 years.

1. A. reduce B. lift C. brighten D. enlighten

2. A. layer B. piece C. material D. sheet
3. A. intentional B. designated C. best D. positioned
4. A. convinced B. confident C. ensured D. assertaining
5. A. keep B. set C. dropped D. threw
6. A. comment B. word C. speech D. saying
7. A. placed B. paid C. commissioned D. ordered
8. A. hold B. carry C. support D. stand

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9. A. held B. positioned C. lain D. dropped
10. A. thought B. insured C. hoped. D. guaranteed

1/ OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS)

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word
Mayor of London says the ride-hailing service gave the city no choice but to order it to cease operations.
It’s almost (1) _______ to make Londoners panic but there were gasps of distress across the capital Friday
when the mayor announced that Uber was to be banned from the city.
Since its (2) _______in 2012, Uber has completely transformed London’s transport system. Unlike major
cities from New York to Mumbai, there has never been an affordable citywide network of private-hire
vehicles to complement the train and bus systems. Black cabs were largely the preserve of city workers and
tourists, being too expensive for weekly or even monthly use for most Londoners. The explosion of Uber,
which has 3.5 million (3) _______ in London, has fundamentally changed the way people navigate the city.
Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, said he accepted that millions of Londoners had (4) _______from Uber,
but claimed that the company’s (5)______ to “play by the rules” meant there was no option but to invalidate
Uber’s license.
Transport officials ruled that the ride-sharing service (6) _______ the safety and security of its passengers at
risk and should be halted by the end of the month.  
“Providing an innovative service must not be at the (7) _______ of customer safety and security,” he said.
“It would be wrong if [Transport for London] continued to license Uber if there is any way that this could
pose a threat to Londoners' safety and security.”
Uber’s current license will (8) ________ Sept. 30, although it will be allowed to carry on operating during
an appeal so it is unlikely that Ubers will disappear from London’s congested roads before mid-October at
the earliest.
There is no doubt that Uber will appeal against this shock ruling. “If this decision stands, it will put more
than 40,000 licensed drivers out of work and (9) _______ Londoners of a convenient and affordable form of
transport,” said Tom Elvidge, Uber’s general manager. “This ban would show the world that, (10) ______
from being open, London is closed to innovative companies who bring choice to consumers.”

2/ OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10PTS)

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word
The United State attracts the most diverse array of nationalities to its English language classrooms –
this heterogeneity being largely (1) ________ to immense pulling power as the world’s foremost (2)
________ and resulting extensive focus on US culture. (3) ________ , throughout the non-European world,
in Asia and North and South America especially, the course books used to teach in most elementary and
high school (4) ________ students to American English and the American accent from a very early age.
Canada also (5) ________ from world North American exposure, but has the most homogenous groups of
students most with French as their first language. Before furthering their English skills, students in Europe
study from predominantly British English materials; most European students,

naturally, opt (6) ________ neighboring Britain, but many Asian, Middle-Eastern, and African students
decides upon the same route too. Australia and New Zealand are often overlooked, but hundreds of
thousands of international students have discovered the delights of studying in Southern Hemisphere. The
majority are Asian for reasons that are not difficult to understand: the proximity of the two countries (7)
_______ Asia (Jakarta, the capital of Australia’s closest Asian neighbor, Indonesia, is only 5,506 kilometers
from Sydney), the comparatively inexpensive cost of living and (8) _______ , and perhaps of most
importance to many Asian students whose English study is a prelude (9) ________ tertiary study, the
growing awareness that courses at antipodean university and colleges are of an exceptionally high standard.
In addition, revised procedures for (10) ________ students have made it possible for an increasing number
to attend class to improve their English for alternative reasons.

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10PTS)

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 Read the following passage. Identify 10 errors and underline them.
Then write the line number and give the correction in the space
provided in the right column.

Peace & Quiet?

Line - Correction
1 The relatively soundless space - beyond significant road, rail, air and
mining noise - where the British picnic and play and do all things green
and pleasantly has shrunk from 91,000 sq km in the 1960s to 73,000 sq
(0).
km today. What's more, National Noise Action Day organized by a
5 coalision of pressure groups, recently lighted such varied stealers of 1. …… - …….………
silence as in car stereos, mobile telephones and talking household
2. …… - …….………
appliances as things which are driving up the desibels. In town, we're
even stealing it from us. One recent report recorded sound levels in 3. …… - …….………
London restaurants which came close to the legal limits set for noisy
4. …… - …….………
10 levels in the workplace.
As life gets louder, so silence becomes a commodity. Clever designers 5. …… - …….………
and marketers have already begun to backage what was once naturally
6. …… - …….………
freely available. To the traditional double glazing and thick curtaining
that keep external noise out of bay, are now added silent washing 7. …… - …….………
15 machines and other appliances designed to keep the peace within. Other
8. ……- …….………
products, ostensibly designed to prevent us polluting the oral comfort
zone of our neighbors, to me smack more of affected indulgence. One 9. …… - …….………
company, for example, has just added the eerily silent cello to its range of
10. …… - …….……
silent musical instruments; silent, that is, to everyone except the
20 headphone-clad player.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the
sentence printed before it.
1.It wasn’t until three days passed that the terms of agreement were set out in this document.
Not until ……………………………………………………………………… of the agreement.
2.You can’t beat a cup of tea to wake up in the morning.
There’s ……………………………………………………………………you up in the morning.
3. Tony shouldn’t believe his girlfriend because her account of accident was too implausible. (buy)
Were …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The likelihood of their having any work to offer me in the foreseeable future is nil.
 It is not………………………………………………………………………………………

2. For questions 5-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence,
using the word given. Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.
5. Jack and I obviously think very differently from one another. (wavelength)
Jack and I are …………………………………………………….. as you can see.
6. Joe didn’t think it was wrong of him to quit at such short notice. (qualms)
Joe……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Being dismissed didn’t seem to bother him. (dismissal)
 ………………………………………………………………………………………stride.
8. His son bears a striking resemblance to him. (carbon)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The 2000s saw the rise to fame of this famous female singer. (name)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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10. I hope nothing wrong will happen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………pass.

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