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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
1K views329 pagesThe Itep Practice Guide
Uploaded by
Dave AguirreCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 329
SS.
a z
QE
Copyright © 2019 by iTEP international
Al rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the
United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced
‘or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
‘system, without the prior written consent ofthe publisher.
All inquiries should be addressed to:
ITEP Intemational
7:818.887.3888
httpsvAvww.iTEPexam.com
‘Scanned with CamScanner Table of Contents
POMBO ened ese cases scewen cress cee sees snweneewe ne eeesueensas
UNIT 1 GRAMMAR 1
Introduction to Grammar .. . . .
Chapter 1: Verb Forms... ss.
Chapter 2: Logical Connectors .
Chapter 3: Active and Passive Voice Verbs .
Chapter 4: Gerunds and Infinitives
Chapter 5: Prepositions and Meaning .
Chapter 6: Articles and Demonstratives
Chapter 7: Comparatives and Superlatives
Chapter 8: Pronouns
Chapter 9: Nouns ..
Chapter 10: Conditionals ..
Chapter 11: Parallel Structure
Chapter 12: Modal Verbs.
UNIT 2 LISTENING 89
Introduction to Lstening........sssecseceseessstssereeeertseeteeses OT
Chapter 1: Catching Details........ : 93
Chapter 2: Making Implications . . 95
Chapter 3: Main Idea ...... 97
Chapter 4: Determining the Purpose. see 9
Chapter 5: Connecting Content . 101
Chapter 6: Longer Conversations. 103
Chapter 7: Lecture. . 105
UNIT 3 READING 15
Introduction to Reading . 2117
Chapter 1: Main Idea . +124
Chapter 2: Catching Details. 131
Chapter 3: Vocabulary . 137
Chapter 4: Synthesis Questions .
Chapter 5: Sequencing....+.+++++
Chapter 6: PART 1, SLATE Passages. .
Chapter 7: Part 2, ACADEMIC Passage .
Chapter 8 SLATE Practice .....
Chapter 9: ACADEMIC Practice .
‘Scanned with CamScanner UNIT 4 WRITING
UNIT 5 SPEAKING
Introduction to Writing. si
Chapter 1: Scoring the Writing Section .
Chapter 2: Strategies for Practice and Success
Chapter 3: Developing Thinking Skills .
Chapter 4: Features of Effective Writing
Chapter 5: Developing Paragraphs
Chapter 6: Cohesion and Coherence. .
Chapter 7: A Formal Writing Style .
Chapter 8: Practice a0
Chapter 9: Writing Quizzes
Introduction to Speaking .........++
Chapter 1: Basic Skills for iTEP Speaking
Chapter 2: Speaking Part 1 . ‘
Chapter 3: Speaking Part 2.
Chapter 4: Advanced Speaking Skills
Chapter 5: Practice ..
Appendix Scripts & Answer Keys 301,
Appendix: Additional Practice 303
SLATE Listening Scripts... = 304
‘SLATE Part 1. 304
SLATE Part 2. ++ 306
SLATE Part 3 +. 308
ACADEMIC Listening Scripts 3M
ACADEMIC Part 1. oe B11
ACADEMIC Part 2. .313
ACADEMIC Part 3. 2315
Answer Key. -318
Unit 1 Grammar . 318
Unit 2 Listening -. 330
Unit 3 Reading . 331
332
Unit 4 Writing
‘Scanned with CamScanner
IES ole CRT Page
Preface
WELCOME!
‘Welcome to The ITEP Practice Guide. This practice guide can serve as a companion text to
the Official iTEP Preparation Guide or can be used as a stand-alone text, This practice guide
picks up from the many great exercises in the Official ‘TEP Preparation Guide with
additional explanations, explications, exercises and practice. The Official iTEP Preparation
Guide includes details on registering for iTEP and taking iTEP tests. The preparation guide
also includes diagnostic tests. iTEP recommends that test-takers and schools purchase
and complete the orientation and exercises in the Official iTEP Preparation Guide before or
at the same time as this practice guide. With both texts, you will be well-prepared for
success on the ITEP exams.
The iTEP Practice Guide focuses on the iTEP Academic Core, Academic Plus, SLATE
(Secondary Level Assessment Test of English) Core, SLATE Plus, Business Core, and
Business Plus tests. You will be able to practice listening to actual dialogues and lectures
online, and you will also have the opportunity to answer corresponding questions in the
book. Exercises for grammar, listening, reading, writing and speaking are provided, and
the different types of questions in each section are examined in detail with ample
opportunities for practice.
This companion text is best used with a teacher or ina class. Although for those at the
high-intermediate level (CEFR B2 and above), itis also suitable for self-study. Language
learning and development happens well with interaction so working with a tutor or even
a friend will be helpful
This guide provides strategies and tips for working with the iTEP exam and even includes
some helpful strategies for English-language learning overall.
Cop enaonal 19
‘Scanned with CamScanner Structure of The iTEP Practice Guide
The overall structure of this text covers each part of ITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business.
In addition, the guide includes practice quizzes and tests. The answers to these are
found in the Appendix.
The Grammar Unit provides a detailed overview of grammar points and key grammar
areas that are covered on the iTEP Academic, SLATE and Business exams. Each overall
grammar area is linked to the corresponding question type that addresses that area.
These links are found in the highlighted boxes at the beginning of each Grammar
chapter.
The Listening Unit goes into detail about different question types found in the Listening
Section of iTEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. First, examples of the short dialogue and
corresponding questions are addressed. Then, examples of longer dialogues and lectures
are provided along with practice and explanations for each question. All of the Listening
exercises are recorded, so you must listen first before answering the questions and
reading the explanations. The Listening exercises can be found on the iTEP website at:
https:// www.iTEPexam.com/practiceguide.
The Reading Unit addresses the different question types found in the Reading Section
of iTEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. It also provides repeated short passages with
which to analyze the different question types. In this way, you can focus on the content
and the different ways of analyzing and working with a Reading passage. Longer
passages and practice tests are also provided, and detalled strategies are presented.
The Writing Unit looks at examples of test-taker writing and grader responses, and
the unit also provides explanations of the varied types of Writing questions found on
ITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. Practice and strategies for writing under a time
constraint are provided, and worksheets encourage you to write and think about your
opinions and how to express them. Aspects of formal, academic writing are discussed,
and different components of formal writing are presented.
The Speaking Unit has a comprehensive, strategic approach and describes the different
question types in the Speaking Section of iTEP Academic, SLATE, and Business.
Examples of answers and ways to succeed in the Speaking Section are provided.
We hope you enjoy this Practice Guide! We know you will find it helpful to you in your test
preparation goals and overall language development.
age
Cope meron 208|
‘Scanned with CamScanner UNIT 1
GRAMMAR Unit 1
Introduction to Grammar
Getting to Know iTEP Grammar
The iTEP Grammar Section is comprised of 25
multiple-choice questions, each of which tests the
examinee’s familiarity with a key feature of English
structure. This section includes a range of structures
from simple to more complex, as well as both
beginning and advanced vocabulary. Each type of
question is preceded by on-screen examples. There
are two types of questions in the ITEP Grammar
Section: complete the sentence and error
correction. The complete-the-sentence questions
ask the test-taker to choose the correct answer
to correctly fill in the blank. The error-correction
‘questions ask the test-taker to choose which
underlined choice is grammatically incorrect.
Examples
Complete the Sentence
Yesterdaywe______thenew publiclibrary.
Axisit
B visited
Cwill visit
Dvisiting,
Error Correction
Identify the incorrect word in the sentence below
Rehearsals for the schoo! play began next week, and
the first performance will be the week after,
Athe
B.began
Cfirst
Dafter
The iTEP Grammar
Section tests your ability
to answer questions that
fall into these categories.
+ verb forms
+ sentence structure
+ conjunctions
+ parts of speech
articles and
prepositions
expressing quantity,
+ pronouns
STRUCTURE
Grammar Section
10 Minutes
CEFRA Level to C Level
Part 1.
+ Thirteen fill-in-the-
blank, multiple-choice
questions
Part 2.
+ Twelve multiple-
choice questions
selecting incorrect
English structures
Cop esta
‘Scanned with CamScanner Paget
Chapter 1
Verb Forms
Expressing Time Tecate
generally test one of the
‘One of the most common types of questions on the Subskills listed in bold
Grammar Section will require you to know the right type below.
form of a verb to choose based on atime expression
used in the sentence. In other types of iTEP questions,
itmight be that the form of the verb is incorrect, and
you must identify this incorrect usage as the right
answer.
* verb forms
+ sentence structure
+ parts of speech
The most common types of time expression can be
considered as habitual (or happening on a regular
basis), specific past, non-specific past, and happening
now. There are certain forms of verbs that usually
coincide with these expressions. Your ability to
recognize these expressions will help you to choose
the right answers on the iTEP Grammar Section.
Look at the following chart for examples of typical time expressions for these time
categories,
cal ee Soa
tiyiay— ices orca [ow
PETER coracmac —|gerorcny —[erssyeex | rgrerow
Expressions every two years ago. currently
srednesdgs | year stints
Ricsene” |inisoe
cenyyeer | onWednesdy
‘Verb Category simple present | simple past resent perfect pot
ol plepast [present perect | ee
aera [ow setae |artng
read/reads | read taken istaking
drive / drives: drove hus nad have are taking
‘talk / talks taked = am reading
Verran | Ruyrsutes |sunses __asitenrhave |r a
has talked /have | are reading
mm
toe ide
“She studies “She stuaied “She has studied “She is studying for
eee meme |e, | heeeere
Fs, bone seem
Comair ienatnl 09
‘Scanned with CamScanner [ERED "2" habitual time expressions, use a simple present verb form.
For specific past time expressions, use a simple past verb form.
For non-specific past time expressions, use a present perfect verb form.
For a happening-now time expression, use a present progressive verb form.
Habitual
Take a look at an example of a habitual time expression and verb form.
Verb Forms Example 1
Mrs. Brown
A. taking
B.istaken
C.takes
D.hastaken
__her children to school by car every day.
The correct answer for this example is “C." In the sentence, you see that taking the
children to school is an action that Mrs. Brown does habitually. In other words, itis her
habit. Other answers are incorrect for specific reasons, Answer “A” is incorrect because
it is an incomplete form of a verb. Answer “A” is an example of a very common incorrect
answer on ITEP, and you must be able to recognize the reason why it is incorrect in order
not to regard such answers as correct. In order for answer “A’ to be possible, there would
need to be some auxiliary verb form preceding it, either in the answer or in the sentence.
For example, if answer “A” were “is taking,” then the verb form would be complete
although stil incorrect because of the sentence’s last two words, The time expression
“every day” dearly points to answer “C" as the correct answer.
Answer "B" is incorrect because it is a passive form of the verb, and answer “D" is,
incorrect because itis a present perfect form of the verb.
Verb Forms Example 2
Mrs, Brown is taking her children to school by car every day.
A.istaking
B.to
cby
D.day
Because you are trying to identify the incorrect word for this sentence, the correct
answer is “A.” Since the action is not happening now, but is instead habitual, a simple
present verb like “takes” should be used instead of a present progressive verb like “is,
taki
Poges
Cop i eraenl209
‘Scanned with CamScanner Controlling for Plural Forms
Now, look ata similar example. This example is almost identical to the previous example
except for one vital difference, the subject is plural.
Verb Forms Example 3
The parents_____ their children to school by car every day.
A take
B, were taken
C. taking
D. takes
Controlling for plural forms is a very common grammar skill that iTEP tests. You must be
able to recognize that the subject in example 2 is plural, and therefore requires the verb-
form “take.” Therefore, answer “A" is correct. Answer “D” is incorrect because it assumes
that there is a singular subject, but the subject is plural. Answer “B”is incorrect because
itis a passive form of the verb, Answer “C"is incorrect because it is an incomplete form of
the verb.
Specific Past
Below is another example of verb forms and time expressions.
Example 4
Last week, the presidentof thecompany_____that the company’s offices would
be moving.
A. announced
B.has announced
Chad announced
D.was announcing
‘The correct answer for this example is “A." The specific time expression of “Last week”
means that there was a specific action taken at a specific time in the past. Therefore, a
simple past form of the verb is required to complete this sentence correctly. Answer “B" is
a present perfect form of the verb and not appropriate for this specific time expression.
‘Answer “C"is a past perfect form of the verb and is not appropriate for a single past
time expression. Answer “D" is a past progressive form of the verb and would only be
appropriate if accompanied by some other past tense clause.
Paes
Cohen
‘Scanned with CamScanner Non-Specific Past
‘Sometimes, sentences express something that has happened in the past, but the exact
time is not specified, in these cases, the important fact is that ithappened or that a
person or group of people had the experience. Below is an example of such a sentence.
Example 5
Mrs.Johnson____in this neighborhood for 30 years.
Avlives
B. living
Cis living
D. haslived
The correct answer is “D.' The key time expression here is “for 30 years.” All other
answers are incorrect because the time expression “for 30 years” requires a present
perfect form of the verb (has/have). Answer "A’ would be correct only if the expression
“for 30 years” were not included in the sentence. Answer “8” is an incomplete form of the
verb.
Controlling for Plurals
‘Again, you must always be ready to control for plural and singular forms. Example 6 is
almost identical to example 5. Can you detect the error?
Example 6
Mrs, Brown and her husband has lived in this neighborhood for 30 years.
Acher
B. has
C this
D.for
The correct answer is “8 because the plural subject requires the plural form of the
verb—"have lived” Like example 3, answer "D’ is incorrect because “has” is for a singular
subject.
Page
Cont wetanl200 |
‘Scanned with CamScanner Happening Now
‘An example of the time expression/verb form for happening now is below.
Example 7
We _______any more applications at this time.
‘Aare nottaken
8, have not taken
C. are not taking
.do not taking
The correct answer to this question is “C." The key time expression in this example is,
“at this time." Answer “A" is incorrect because itis a passive verb form, Answer “B" is
incorrect because itis a present perfect verb form, Answer "D” is incorrect because the
gerund form “taking” is inappropriate when following "do not.”
Now take a look at four examples of how to identify the incorrect part of a sentence for
each of these four time expressions: habitual, specific past, non-specific past and
happening now,
Habitual
Example 8
Every Saturday morning, the soccer team was training in the university gym, and it is closed to
all other students.
The correct answer is “was training,” With the time expression “Every Saturday morning"
the habitual tense “trains” would be the correct form.
Specific Past _
Example 9
Last year, the city council creating a new parkin the center of town.
The correct answer is “creating.” The correction would be “created” to match the time
expression “Last year."
Faget
Commer memaana
‘Scanned with CamScanner Non-Speci
Example 10
My wife and | live next to the police station for 25 years.
The correct answer is “live." Due to the time expression “for 25 years," the present
habitual tense is incorrect. The correction would be “have lived” or “lived.” Note the
difference between "have lived" and “lived.” The verb phrase “have lived" means that the
couple is still living next to the police station. The verb “lived” means that the couple no
longer lives next to the police station, but did in the past for 25 years.
Happening Now
Example 11:
‘The theater company is currently hold auditions for the new production that it plans to stage.
The correct answer is “hold.” The correction should be *holding” to make the present
progressive form with the auxiliary verb "i
Pages
Cope menatonl 208
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 1 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1. On Mondays, my sister _
her friends for coffee.
Acrides
B.riding
C.is riding
D.has ridden
her bike to school before she meets up with
2. Right now, |
A iswriting
8. am writing
C. have written
D.has written
an essay on Marianne Moore; she is my new favorite poet.
3. The Mona Lisa is aclassic painting, and there _
grandmother's living room.
Ais
Bare
C.were
D.am
___a print hanging in my
4, Backin2001,1__all the way from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
A. am bicycling
B. have bicycled
C.bicycled
D. bicycling
5, For 100 years the Daughters of American War Veterans _
with service people.
Ahave
B. having,
C.will have
Duis
_ been donating time
6. Twoyears ago, both Mike and Nick____from the university with
the best grades.
A. graduate
B. graduated
Care graduating
D. will graduate
CeoneieP mena 209
‘Scanned with CamScanner 7. Since her tenth birthday, she
been practicing her flute daily.
Achas
B. having
C.have
D.was
Error Correction:
8. Every night, Kara reading to her daughter as she rocks her to sleep after dinner.
A. night
B. reading
Cher
D.after
9. This morning Lstarted a music class; now | js learning piano.
A. This
B.Istarted
C.now
Duis
10, We did visited the local farmers market several times this year.
A.We did
B. the local
several
D. this year
11, Yesterday after school, she walks to the library all by herself,
A.after
8. walks,
Call
D. herself
12, Occasionally, the rain fell for hours, keeping everyone inside where they watch
‘movies until the rain stops.
A.fell
B, everyone
C.where
D.until
13, Myjob new staff, so now they have giving me fewer hours.
r
A.My
B.is hiring,
C.sonow
D.have
Faget
Copii TP ents 208
‘Scanned with CamScanner 14, When she was in the fifth grade, Tina win the spelling competition.
A. When
B.she
cofifth
D.win
15, Every year, my family is watching the fireworks that explode in the sky on Memorial Day.
Amy
B.is watching
that
D.on
rap.
Cone enaona
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 2
Logical Connectors
Connecting Content
Logical connectors are used to connect two parts
of a sentence that have a meaning relationship. The
‘meaning relationship between these two parts of the
sentence can be separated into four categories: time,
cause and effect, oppositional, and conditional.
Each category of meaning can use various techniques
for joining the two related parts of the sentence.
‘These connecting methods include adverb-clause
connectors, conjunctions, prepositions, and sentence
expressions. The meaning relationship and the
connecting method determine which verb form
should be used. Many grammar questions on the
ITEP test evaluate your ability to recognize the rules
that govern this system of expression
Below is a useful chart to get yourself started on
becoming an expert at recognizing these types of
This chapter's questions
generally test one of the
subskillsisted in bold
type below.
+ sentence structure
+ conjunctions
ITEP questions and answering them correctly. After reviewing the chart, please look
dlosely at the example sentences.
manesnng | Guseandsrect | Oppose! | Condiiona |
Time Meaning, ‘Meaning ‘Meaning, Meaning
unit afer beore, [because eventwouh fit
weit ance, [as Streush ties
cncewhenever | snce hough cent
avers |S Somos [nowt we provided tha)
PSSM sstres, — lesirgss | whereas Prevage)
brute | sotet mee Irene
inordertht wether orn
oni
ond te
conkmeons | °° so 7 ortee)
ates pecuseot ——_ |aespie
one crete inapeot
preposition | to"
wnat
ven
Foe
Copii TP enters 209
‘Scanned with CamScanner | Cause-and-Effect | Oppositional Conditional
T aeetmig | agate | crane |
aces
The logical-connectors chart is important because itwill help you begin to understand
the variations in sentence structure that are common on the iTEP exam. The groups
of examples below show sentences with identical meanings but different sentence
structures.
Group A
+ The soccer team lost the match because many of the players became sick the
night before.
+ Because many of the players became sick the night before, the soccer team lost
the match.
+ Many of the players became sick the night before, so the soccer team lost the
match.
+ The soccer team lost the match due to the sickness that many players had the
night before.
+ Because of the sickness that many of the players had the night before, the
soccer team lost the match.
+ Many of the players got sick the night before. Therefore, the soccer team lost the
match.
Poe 4
CoprgitPinemainal a
‘Scanned with CamScanner Group B
+ Even though many of the players were sick, the soccer team still won the match.
+ The soccer team still won the match though many of the players were sick.
+ Many of the players were sick, but the soccer team still won the match.
+ Despite the terrible sickness they had gotten the night before, the soccer team
won the match,
+ The soccer team won the match despite the sickness that many of the players
had,
+ Many of the players got sick the night before, Nonetheless, they still won the
match the next day.
Group C
+ After the soccer team had won the game, they were greeted by their fans
outside the stadium.
+ The soccer team members were greeted by their fans outside the stadium after
they had won the game.
+ The soccer team members were greeted by their fans outside the stadium after
winning the game.
+ After winning the game, the soccer team members were greeted by their fans
outside the stadium.
+ The soccer team won the game. Then, they were greeted by their fans outside
the stadium.
‘coup D =e
+ If the provincial government does not fund the new road project, traffic will
continue to get worse in this area.
+ Traffic will continue to get worse in this area ifthe provincial government does
not fund the new road project.
+ The provincial government will fund the new road project, or else traffic will
continue to get worse in this area.
+ The provincial government will fund the new road project. Otherwise, traffic will
continue to get worse in this area
From the chart and groups of sample sentences above, it may seem that the system of
creating relationships between clauses in English is complicated. The good news is that it
is in fact a system that is predictable and governed by rules. Once you know these rules,
you can apply them to making decisions on the Grammar Section of the iTEP exam. Your
teacher will be able to help you learn more about the chart and ways to connect ideas in
sentences. Below are just a few methods that iTEP might use to assess your skills in this
area,
aes
oprah Te neratbnal20%9
‘Scanned with CamScanner In general, you will need to be aware of the different forms that can be used to express
similar meanings. In many cases, a small difference could be the deciding factor between
choosing the right or wrong answer on an TEP Grammar question.
Recognizing Time in Complex Sentences
Time expressions are not the only way to show the concept of time in a sentence. English
has many ways to express time, or more accurately, express that one event happened
before or after another event. In many cases, the ITEP exam will require you to recognize
the time relationships in sentences in order to choose the correct answers. Itis often.
the form of the verb that carries the correct expression of the time relationship. In many
cases, the ITEP Grammar Section will test your ability to choose the correct form of the
verb based on the other information in the sentence. In these types of sentences, two
clauses will often be separated by an adverb-clause connector such as “before” or “after.”
Take a look at the chart below to see the typical verb forms that will be found with these
types of sentences.
Consider these sentences below. Each one has two underlined parts. Which part
happened first, and which one happened second?
1. The teacher will give the students homework before the class finishes.
2. Before the class finishes, the teacher will give the students homework.
3. The host and hostess of the party relaxed after the last guests had left.
4. After the last guests had left, the host and hostess of the party relaxed.
a Examples
Example 1
Timothy passed a written test and a road test _
A because
B.onlyif
C. during
D. before
___ getting his driver's license.
The correct answers "D." Answers A’ and "B" are incorrect because these connectors
form separate clauses, and therefore require a subject in each clause. Answer °C" is
incorrect because the gerund verb form “getting” cannot follow the preposition “during.”
That construction does not make logical sense.
age
Com TEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 2
So the city built the neighborhood park, there was nowhere for the children to play.
ASo
B. built
C.there
D. for
The correct answer is.” Ifthe two clauses were reversed, then “So” would be an
acceptable connector. Because the “built the neighborhood park" is the second of two
events, the correction would be to change "So" to “Before.”
Knowing the Difference Between
So, Because, suse of, Due to, and Therefore
ITEP Grammar questions might assess your ability to differentiate between the sentence
structures used to express cause and effect in English. There are many options for
making this kind of relationship between parts of sentences, If you review Group A in the
sentences above, you will see many different sentence structures being used to express
the same idea. These examples show you certain forms you will need to recognize to help
you choose the right answer on the iTEP Grammar Section. Below are the sentences
from Group A with further explanation and guidance.
Adverb-Clause Connectors oe
The first two sentences below use the adverb-clause connector “because” to join the
cause-and-effect ideas. In this case, there are two clauses in the sentence, so you should
identify two subjects and two verbs. Remember, a clause has both a subject and a verb,
and sentences with two clauses are known as complex sentences.
Form 1: Adverb-clause connector in the middle
‘The soccer team last the match because many of the players became sick the night before,
subject +verb + adv. connector + ‘subject + verb.
Note: There i no comma used in his forrn,
Form 2: Adverb-clause connector at the beginning
Because many of the players became sick the night before, the soccer team lost the match.
adv.connector+ subject + verb, subject + verb.
Note: comma is needed in this for.
Form 3: Coordinator Conjunction
Many of the players became sick the night before, so the soccer team lost the match,
subject + verb, coordinate conjunction + subject + verb.
Note: comma is used in this fore,
rage?
‘Scanned with CamScanner Form 4: Prepositional phrase at the beginning
Because of the sickness that many of the players had the night before, the soccer team lost
the match.
reposition + object, subject + verb.
‘Note the difference between Form 1 and Form 4. They look very similar. However, in Form 4 there are not
two clauses ust one. Remember, because of" sa preposition, not an adverb-ciause connector.
Form 5: Preposition in the middle
‘The soccer team lost the match due to the sickness that many players had the night before.
subject +verb + — preposition + object.
‘Nate: No comma is used in this for.
Form 6: Sentence expression, two sentences
‘Many of the players got sick the night before. Therefore. the soccer team lost the match.
subject + verb, sent. expression, subject + verb.
Note: A comma is used when "Therefore" appears atthe beginning of o sentence.
Example 3
The computer is infected with spyware__ it does not have up-to-date antivirus
protection.
A.once
B. until
C.because
D. after
The correct answer is “C." The sentence has two clauses with subjects and verbs and the
adverb-connector “because” makes the most sense in this sentence.
Example 4
During itis the middle of August, you can expect the temperature outside to be 100 degrees.
A. During
Bof
C.youcan
D. temperature
This example begins with a prepositional phrase, but the combination "During itis” is
incorrect, and therefore the correct answer is “A.” The correction would be “because” or
“since.”
Pages
CeoyigMTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Knowing the Difference Between
Despite/In Spite Of and Even Though/Although/Though _
Confusion can happen between various methods for joining ideas in sentences. For
example, itis easy to confuse the prepositions “despite” and “in spite of” and the adverb-
clause-connectors “even though," “although,” and “though.” Below you can revisit the.
sentences from Group B.
Form 1: Adverb-clause connector at the beginning
Even. though many of the players were sick, the soccer team still won the match,
adv. clause connector + subject + verb, subject + verb.
‘Note:A comma is used in this form.
Form 2: Adverb-clause connector in the middle
The soccer team still won the match though many of the players were sick
subject + verb + adv. clause connector + subject + verb.
‘Note: There is no cana in this form.
Form 3: Preposition at the beginning
Despite the terrible sickness they had gotten the night before, the soccer team won
the match.
preposition + object : subject + verb,
‘Note: comma is used in this form.
Form 4: Preposition in the middle
The soccer team won the match despite the sickness that many of the players had.
subject + verb + preposition + object.
Note: No comma is needed for this form.
rage
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 5
Katie would like to ride racehorses competitively for aliving____ her mother strongly
disapproves.
‘A. though
B. despite
C.sothat
D.in spite of
‘The correct answer is “A." Answers “B" and “D" are incorrect because both would require
the verb to be in the gerund form “disapproving,” Answer “C’ is incorrect because "so
that" would make the sentence illogical, and also because it would require the verb to use
the conditional form "would disapprove” or future form “will disapprove.”
Example 6
We decided to stay at the park although the rain that was getting us wet.
‘A decided
B.the
C.although
D. getting
The correct answer is “C." This connector is incorrect because of the additional clause
connector “that.” If’that” were removed from the sentence, it would be correct. Because
removing "that" is not an option, the correction would be “in spite of."
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CoyignTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Knowing the Difference Between During and While
As you can see, knowing the difference between the sentence connectors is very
important for writing and speaking English well. also helps in the Grammar Section for
the iTEP exam. Another pair of commonly confused connectors is “during” and “while.”
“During' is a preposition, and “while” is an adverb-clause connector.
‘The clause connector “while” is usually followed by
“During” is usually followed by a noun or noun phrase.
wubject and a verb.
Form 1: Adverb-clause connector at the beginning
While he was running the race, he felt a pain growing in his knees.
adv. clause connector + subject + verb, subject + verb.
Note: A comma is used in this orm.
Form 2: Preposition at the beginning of the sentence
During the race, he felt a pain growing in his knees
Preposition + object, subject + verb.
‘Note:A comma is needed for this form.
Example 7
The older couple fell asleep _
A. during
B. while
C. because
D. despite
__ the final act of the play.
The correct answer is “A.” Because “the final act of the play” does not contain a verb,
this is a prepositional phrase. “During” is the only preposition among the answers. The
remaining answers are incorrect because they require a clause with a subject and verb to
follow.
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Core mentor 208
‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 8
During the man who drove the red car was telling his side of the story, the driver of the other
car involved in the accident left the scene.
A During
B.who
C.was telling
D. the
The correct answer is "A." Because there are two clauses of events happening
simultaneously, the adverb-clause-connector “while” is necessary and not the preposition
“During.”
Pend
Cyn ema
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 2 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1, _____ it's raining, the children will not be able to go outside and play.
‘A.As long as
B, During,
C.Before
D.Upon
2. Megan is going to major in science _
‘A.whereas.
8. during
Cas
D. after
she wants to become a physicist.
3. Vehicle damage will continue __ the state does not repair the many
potholes on local streets and highways.
Ault
8B. unless
Cevenif
D.once
4, Martha prefers to watch jazz and tap dancing performances__her husband
prefers a classic ballet production.
‘A. as soon as
B.aslong as
C.whereas
D. whenever
5. My family likes to begin Christmas shopping early, ____no major unexpected
bills pop up.
A.since
B. incase
C. now that
D. provided
__you complete the application for the student loan.
6. Wait until youhear fromme___
A.until
B. during
C.before
D.since
ages
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‘Scanned with CamScanner rap
7, ________David Hockney is nearly 80 years old, he continues to create art,
in new ways using modern media and technology.
A After
B, Whenever
C.incase
D. Even though
8 _ you save enough money for a down payment, before you
acar.
8, because
until
Dif
Error Correction:
9. Iwill leave 20 minutes early when | arrive on time even if there is traffic.
Aleave
B.when
Gon
D.evenif
410. Where my brother is living at home with our parents, he'll save money.
‘A. Where
B. living
Cour
D.hell
11, The kids want to go to the zoo after school, whereas the snake exhibit is open.
‘A togoto
8. after
C. whereas
D.is open.
12, You can be happy unless you take the steps ta make yourself so.
A. You
B.unless
C.to
©. yourself
Commer memaana
‘Scanned with CamScanner 13, Kathryn is willing to become an American citizen in order to marry the man she loves
by the time she was raised asa Chinese citizen.
A.inorder
B.she
C.by thetime
D.asa
14, introverted people are said to find renewed energy from spending time alone before
extroverts recharge in the company of others.
A.are said
B. before
Gin
D.of
15, Since you eat all ofthe food on your plate, you can have ice cream for dessert.
A.Since
B.on your
Gan
D.for
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Pages Chapter 3
Active and Passive Voice Verbs
Understanding Voice MaCupe ure
‘There is another aspect of English verbs commonly generally test one of the
known as voice. Teachers of English will refer to a subskills listed in bold
verb as being in either active or passive voice. While type below.
the majority of spoken and written English is in active
voice, iTEP test-takers must be able to recognize + verb forms
passive-voice verb forms. In addition, active- and © sentence structure
passive-voice verbs stil carry the characteristics
of tense and aspect. The fundamental questio’
determining the function of an active- or passive-voice
verb is, “Who or what is doing the action?”
+ parts of speech
Ina sentence using an active verb, itis usually clear
who is doing the action as this will usually be the
subject of the sentence. In a sentence that uses a
passive verb, who or what is doing the action might
not be as clear or might not be stated at all. Being able
to recognize active- and passive-voice verbs in their
many different forms is important if you want to answer iTEP Grammar questions
correctly.
Before looking at some example sentences, review the following chart detailing the
differing forms of active and passive sentences. In the chart, the verb “to drive” is
chosen, Notice that “drive"is an irregular verb and for the passive voice, the past
participle of “to drive" is used: driven,
Notice too that tense and aspect are dictated by the form of the verb “to be.”
Pops
Conn
‘Scanned with CamScanner Tense/Verb Form Active Voice Passive Voice
Simple Present drive / drives am/is/aredrven |
Present Progressive am/is/are driving _ | am//is/are being driven
Simple Past drove was driven
Past Progressive was driving was being driven
Present Perfect have /has driven have /has been driven
Past Perfect had driven had been driven
Future will drive will be driven
Conditional would drive would be driven
Perfect Conditional wouldhave driven | would have been driven
Present Infinitive to drive to be driven
Perfect infinitive to have driven to have been driven
Present Participle/Gerund | driving being driven
Perfect Participle having driven having been driven
Examples
iTEP Examples of Passive-Voice Sentences
Example 1
‘The truck was to the border and left there for several days.
A. driving
B, drove
driven
D. drives
The correct answer is“C." In order to form the passive voice correctly, the past participle
form is needed. Answer "C” provides the past participle. Answer “A” looks like it could be
correct. However, this answer would create an awkward meaning as only a human being
can drive a truck. A truck cannot drive. Answers “B" and "D" are incorrect forms of the
verb,
CopnetTeP erator
‘Scanned with CamScanner
Pager Example 2
The car was drive into the park by two suspects befare the police stopped them.
A.drive
B. the park
C.before
D. stopped
"Ais the correct answer. There is a clue that you are looking for a passive verb because
the sentence begins with “The car.” You know that a car cannot drive so it must be passive
voice. The form “drive” is not in passive voice, and the correction would be “driven.”
Pag
CoyiguTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 3 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1. The food __ by the students in the cafeteria at lunch time every day.
A.was ate
B. is eaten.
C.is eating
D.eating
2. Thechildren____been taught the correct way to spell their first and last names.
Achas
B.have
Care
D.will
3, Theboxers _ __ by experienced trainers every day of the week for four months.
‘Ais taught
B. was taught
C.will be taught
D. hastaught
4, Thedriver has been __the directions to the soccer game in the village.
A. give
B. gives
C.given
D. gave
5. Thehomes_ ‘out of wood found in the surrounding area.
‘A. have being built
B. are being build
Care been built
D. are being built
6. Theanswer would have been right but there no full stop at the end.
A.has
B.had
C.were
D. was
7. Thefood has to___shared evenly among all of the children in the morning class.
A.tobe
B.be
.been
D.being
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‘Scanned with CamScanner 8. Thecar_____ by amechanic with 10 years of experience.
‘A are being repaired
B.is being repaired
C.are repaired
D. have repaired
Error Correction:
9. The ball has hit by a bat in the sports of both cricket and baseball,
A.The
B. has.
C.in both
D. sports
10. Had been seen from the window, everybody knew exactly where they hid the money.
A. Had
B.from
C.everybody
D. they hid
11. The shoemaker was being told exactly which repairs the little boy's brown shoes needing.
‘A. shoemaker
B.which
C.boy's
D.needing
12, Before having been told the ules, the participants are expected to follow them exactly,
A. Before
B.told
C. participants
D.to follow
13, All the soldiers are been told what to do ifthey encounter the enemy.
AAll
B. been
C.what
D.if they
14, The potato was peeling using a special type of knife called a potato peeler.
‘A.was peeling
Busing
Gof
Da
rag
appa wenaonal
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 4
Gerunds and Infinitives
Recognizing Patterns
Avery common skill that is tested on the iTEP exam is,
the ability to recognize whether or nota gerund (ing
form) or an infinitive (to... form) should go together
with a particular verb. In some cases, there may be
an object or adverb that comes in between the verb
and the gerund or the infinitive. There are four main
types of sentences that follow the same pattern.
Learning when and how gerunds and infinitives are
used for the listed verbs on the following pages can
make answering varied iTEP questions much easier.
Carefully take a look at the four sentence patterns,
the included example sentences, and the lists of verbs
that follow each pattern. Together with your fellow
students and your teacher, write sentences that utilize
the patterns and verb lists.
Pattern: Verb + an Infinitive
This chapter's questions
generally test one of the
subskillslistedin bold
type below.
+ sentence structure
+ parts of speech
+ expressing quantity
‘When followed by a verb form, the verbs in the chart below are typically followed by
aninfinitive (to + verb-ie. t0 speak).
Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
"She agreed to speak before the game.”
agree continue hesitate offer start
aim) dare hope ought stop
appear decide hurry plan strive
arrange deserve intend prefer swear
ask detest leave prepare threaten
attempt dislike like proceed wry
be able expect ong promise use
beg fail love propose wait
begin forget mean refuse want
care get neglect remember wish
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Coppa TE eaten 209
‘Scanned with CamScanner Popa
{= examptes
Example 1
Theaudience heskated__at first because they did not know Ifthe play was over or
not.
A.capping
B.clap
Ctoclap
D. clapped
‘The correct answer is “C” because the verb “hesitate” is generally followed by an infinitive
form—in this case, "to clap.”
Example 2
The suspect agreed coming out of the house after the police surrounded the property
AThe
B. coming
Cater
D. surrounded
The correct answer is “B" as the infinitive form “to come” is the needed correction.
Pattern: Verb + Object + Infinitive
Some verbs, lke the ones below, will often have an object between the verb and the
infinitive.
Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive
"Everyone expected her towin.”
advise command hire order require
allow dare instruct pay send
ask direct invite permit teach
beg encourage lead persuade tell
buy expect leave prepare urge
challenge forbid love promise want
choose force motivate remind warn
pra iematonal
‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 3
The officer commanded his troops____
A. charging
8. charge
C.to charge
D. charged
The correct answer is “C." The infinitive form, “to charge,” is needed due to the time
expression “several times.” Answer “A” would be correct if the sentence did not have the
time expression “several times.”
up the hill several times.
Example 4
Catherine's father advised her study engineering in college, not literature.
A. Catherine's
B. study
C.in college
D.not
Answer “B" is correct because the infinitive form “to study” is needed here,
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Pattern: Verb + a Gerund
Other verbs are typically followed by the gerund form ("-ing "ex: speaking). It is important
to know that gerunds often function as nouns, These nouns represent the act of doing
something when they follow verbs such as those in the chart below.
Verbs and Verb Phrases Followed by a Gerund
"They enjoyed working on the boat.”
admit delay finish postpone resist
advise deny forbid practice resume
appreciate detest get through quit risk
avoid dislike imagine recall spend (time)
can'thelp enjoy mind report suggest
complete escape miss report tolerate
consider excuse permit resent waste (time)
Example 5
Rita says she enjoys ___for all her friends.
‘A. cooking,
B. cook
C. to cook
D. cooked
‘The correct answer is “A.” In this sentence, “cooking” functions as a noun. “Cooking” as an
activity takes the gerund form. None of the other answers are appropriate verbs forms.
Example 6
The governmentasked the newspapers to postpone to make the story public until the
president was able to leave the area.
A. asked
B.tomake
Cunt
D. was able
The correct answer is “B” because the correction “making” is needed after the verb
“postpone.”
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CoyignTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Pattern: Verb + Preposition + a Gerund _
Finally, some verbs that are followed by a preposition require the gerund form for the
noun phrases that follow the prepositions.
Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund
“"We concentrated on doing well.”
admit to depend on plan on
approve of disapprove of prevent (someone) from
‘argue about discourage from refrain from
believe in dream about succeed in
care about feel like talk about
complain about forget about think about
concentrate on insist on worry about
confess to object to
Example 7
‘The president of the company madet clear that he did not approve of __
than $500.
A. spend
B. spent
C.to spend
D. spending
After “approve of," the appropriate gerund form “spending” is needed, so the correct,
answeris"D"
Example 8
James’ father discouraged him from joined the basketball team because James’ grades were
00 low.
A. joined
B. because
C.were
D. too low
For this error correction example, the word “Joined” is incorrect and should be “joining.
Therefore, the correct answer is "A."
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 4 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1, The administration agre
A toschedule
B. schedule
C. schedules
D, scheduling
______a meeting with parents about next year's calendar.
2. The thief would not admit _
video footage and then he adi
A for
B.to
C.them
D.with,
_ stealing the sports car, so the police showed him the
d
it.
3, The school will _
no tolerance for this.
Aan excuse
B.to excuse
C.not excuse
D. be excused
_ threatening or bullying behavior by any student; there is simply
4. The gir's mother did not approve_ the way she was dressing, so she changed
into an outfit her mother approved.
Aby
B.for
Cof
D.with
5. Oursupervisor advised all the employees____all their reports completed prior to
the meeting.
A.tohave
B have
Chad
D. having
6. Thedoctor advised __
Into each day.
A.towalk
B.walk
C.walked
D. walking
instead of taking the car in order to work some exercise
Pape
CeoyignTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner 7. Politicians will argue____anything it seems, even when there is nothing for them to
be arguing
A. before
8. after
C.between
D. about
8. Thenew paintings at the art museum appear_
A.are
B.tobe
C.for
D. being
__ arriving sometime this fal.
Error Correction:
9. Our congress will aim focusing their attention on making our country a better place.
A focusing
B. making
Cour
D. better
10. Once we get through looking ata of these photos, we can beginning organizing them.
‘A. Once
8. through looking
C. beginning
D.them
11. News reporters like to talk with what is happening all around the world,
A.to
8. with
C.whatis
D, all around
112, We promised ice cream to the kids if they wanted working for it after their chores were
done.
‘A.We promised
B.ifthey
. working
D. were done
13. The Athletic Department proposed to starts having concessions on both sides of the gym
bytheentrances.
A.The
8. starts
Con both
D. bythe
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Page 38
Chapter 5
Prepositions and Meaning
Knowing Prepositions
This chapter's questions
‘The ITEP test has many questions about prepositions _ generally test one of the
and their proper use in English sentences. While ‘subskills listed in bold
English has a large number of prepositions, iTEP only type below.
uses about 25 in its tests. Knowing the meaning and
use of these prepositions will help you answer some + verb forms
iTEP questions correctly. It is common for iTEP to pose «sentence structure
a question that requires you to choose the correct,
preposition to complete a sentence. Please look at the
following examples of iTEP preposition questions.
(Ea examples
+ parts of speech
Example 1
‘The truck driver went_____ the tunnel to make
sure the items were delivered on time.
‘A. among
B.on
cat
D. through
The correct answer is “D." The key word in the sentence is “tunnel” as a place one
travels “through.” Logically, one cannot drive “among,” “on,” or “at” a tunnel.
Example 2
Because of the heavy snow and ice that was falling, we drove with the local streets, not the
highway.
‘A. Because
B. that
Co with:
D.not
Because one cannot drive “with” a street, the correction needed here is answer °C."
Please see the following chart listing the most common prepositions:
Common Preposition
of on as over: without [with
in at into between | before after
to from’ like ‘out under during
for by through [against [around _ [among
ConMTeP eaten
‘Scanned with CamScanner 7. Sarahis_____ Montreal, since that's where she grew up, but now she
lives in New York.
A from
B.over
Con
D. for
Error Correction:
8. The tall trees in the forest cast shade from the smaller plants, so plants that
grow well in shade tend to grow best there.
A inthe
B. from
.that
D. grow
9, North America isin the western hemisphere, and Europeis in the eastern hemisphere,
with the Atlantic Ocean like them.
Ain
B.the
with
D.like
10. Cuckoo clocks are unique because they have alittle bird that pops between
and chirps every hour.
Aare
B.alittle
.that
D. between
1, Jo realized too late that she had a stain on the back of her dress, so she had to stand
with her back under the wall all night so that no one could see it.
A that
B. of her
C.under
D. so that
12, Oliver was enjoying the play very much, so he was annoyed when a baby started
crying on the second half and he couldn't hear.
A.the
B. annoyed
Con
D.he
CoyignTEP ena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 5 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1. Sporting events are much more fun when you go______a big crowd of your best
friends.
A.with
B.from
Cover
D. during
2. Mymomilikes to keep her chocolate____the refrigerator so that it doesn't melt.
A. into
B. over
Cin
D. around
3. The CEO makes the big decisions since heisthehead____ the company, even.
though he is out of touch with the consumers.
A.of
B. about
. around
D.from
____ the beach because the weather
4, twas a long trip, but we were glad we drove
was so beautifi
Avin
B. of
cto
D. through
5. David wanted to impress Sarah, so he bought avery expensive, beautiful
present____her.
A.of
B. for
Cas
D. about
6. The President of the United States lives in the White House, which is
located 11600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Aat
Bin
C.for
through
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‘Scanned with CamScanner 13, When Kile wanted to lose weight, he decided to start drinking his coffee during
cream or sugar init.
Ato
B. decided
Chis
D. during
14, There were many tests of space flight, like sending a dog into space, against anyone
‘would risk sending a human.
A. tests of
B.like
C. against
Da
15. Colleen’s apartment had a bakery through it, and she loved to smell the bread baking.
‘on.the ground floor early every morning.
A.Colleents
Ba
through
D.onthe
Cope i nenatenl208)
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 6
Articles and Demonstratives
Understanding Articles This chapters questions
One specific grammar point that is assessed generally test one of the
commonly on the ITEP test is the use of articles. Using _Subskills listed in bold
articles can be a difficult aspect of learning English, type below.
especially if person’s first language does not have a
similar grammatical form. In order to become familiar
with articles, itis important to become familiar with
the concepts of definite and indefinite. in most cases,
definite means that a specific person, place or thing is
already known to the speaker/writer and the listener/
reader. A person, place or thingthathas alreadybeen * avticles and
introduced or is well known is definite. The definite Beem
article in English is “the,” as in “the moon,” to indicate * expressing quantity
the specific moon that orbits the Earth.
Indefinite articles are used to introduce things that are
not yet specific sometimes because they have not yet
been introduced in a conversation or piece of writing.
The words “a” and “an” are used for indefinite singular items with “a” introducing
‘nouns that begin with consonant sounds: ie. “a dog.” “An" introduces nouns that
begin with vowel sounds such as “an elephant.” Consider the two sentences below:
Yesterday, a.car went speeding past me on the highway. Later as I drove
alittle further down the road, | noticed that the car had gotten into an
accident.
Notice: The word “car’ is mentioned twice in this example. The first time, the concept
of ‘ear’ is newly introduced and so requires an indefinite article. Therefore, the
speaker uses “a” to identify the car. The second time the speaker uses “the car”
because the car is now known to both the speaker and the listener.
For indefinite nouns in the plural, use “some.” For example, “a banana” becomes
“some bananas” “Some” is also used as the indefinite article for uncountable nouns,
as in “some rice” and “some milk." Please see the explanation below and determine
which article should be used: “a,"“an,” “some,” or “th
Page
Cong mater
‘Scanned with CamScanner Pattern 1: A& An
Use “a/an” when accompanied by a singular countable noun:
Example: “I had both a banana and an apple for breakfast today.”
Use “a/an” when talking about someone's job or when describing what the person is:
Exomple: “Annie is a nurse; her mother is an accountant.”
Use “a/an” when discussing something you are unfamiliar with:
Example: “I went to visit a museum today. It was an interesting place.”
Pattern 2: The __ _
Use “the” when we know what we are referring to is unique and the only one of its kind:
Example: “ The planet Mars could hold o key to the Earth's past.”
Use “the” after something becomes familiar to you:
Example: “The store | used to work at closed down this summer.”
Pages
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‘Scanned with CamScanner a Examples
Example 1
To reduce the use of fossil fuels, we can use the power of_sun.
Aa
B. this
C.these
D.the
Because there is only one “sun,” the correct answer is “0.” Answer “A" is incorrect because
“the sun’ is specific and therefore will not use the indefinite article. Answers “B" and “C”
are incorrect because you cannot choose between suns. Answer “Cis also incorrect
because it requires a plural noun to follow.
Example 2
Do you have
Aa
B. this
C.these
D.an
_paperclip that | could use?
The correct answer is "A." The speaker is not requesting a specific paperdiip, so the
indefinite article is needed. Answer "Dis also an indefinite article, but not the correct
choice because "paperclip" doesn't start with a vowel sound.
Example 3
They want to build those university in my hometown.
A.want
B. those
Cin
D. hometown
The correct answer is “B." The reason this answer requires correction is because
“university” is singular while the demonstrative “those” requires a plural noun.
Paget
opr ienstonal
‘Scanned with CamScanner Using A & An
When choosing the articles “a” and “an,” itis important to pay attention to vowels,
consonants and their sounds. Indefinite nouns that begin with a vowel are usually
introduced by “an.” While indefinite nouns that begin with a consonant are usually
introduced by “a." However, some words begin with a vowel spelling but have a consonant
sound. These words are introduced by “a." Other words begin with a consonant spelling,
but have an initial vowel sound. These words are introduced by “an.” See the chart below
for some examples of each type of indefinite article.
A AN
‘The following words start with a ‘The following words start with a
CONSONANT LETTER & SOUND. OWEL LETTER & SOUND.
@ table @ fatcat fan orange am eager student
@ window a cool evening fan elevator an old woman
@ computer a slightlylazyman aM actress an irate guest
The SOUND of the first letter is important!
A AN
The following words startwith a ‘The following word starts with a
VOWEL LETTER but CONSONANT SOUND, CONSONANT LETTER but VOWEL SOUND.
‘Auniversity (u sounds ike yousoit An hour (his silent so itis a vowel
‘makes the sound of the consonant"Y" sound making “An’ correct.)
smaking"A" correct)
| got an £ on the test (pronounced “ef.”
‘A.usual thought (u sounds like the
consonant ¥.) ‘Mark it with an X (pronounced “ex.")
‘A European country (Eu sounds like Y.)
‘Aunique experience (u sounds like ¥.)
| got a gne on the test (one is
pronounced like “won.”)
ages
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Demonstratives
Another type of word that introduces a definite person, place, or thing is a demonstrative.
There are four commonly used demonstratives in English: this, that, these, and those.
‘Take a look at the chart below to see how these words vary in meaning by singular/plural
and proximity.
Close by/ Nearby Distant /Far away
Singular this that
Plural these those
iTEP Grammar questions will assess your understanding of the proper use of these
words in English sentences. Take a look at the examples below.
Example 4
Because its too old to be used for anything, _
Aa
B. this
C.these
D.an
building is marked for destruction.
“B" is the correct answer for this example. Because the building was introduced in the
first clause, you know which building is being discussed. Therefore, the indefinite article is
not used, so answers “A” and “D” are incorrect. There is only one building mentioned, so
the plural demonstrative is incorrect in answer “C.”
Example 5
‘The migration of the monarch butterfly is an amazing phenomenon in nature. That beautiful
creatures fly thousands of miles during the trip.
Af
Ban
That
o.fy
In the second sentence, the subject is “creatures” so the correct demonstrative would be
“these,” not “that.” The correct answer is “C."
age
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‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 6
The cars that were produced in our German factory were faster than___ that were
builtin our American factory.
A that
B. this
these
D.those
The correct answer here is “D." The noun being referenced is “cars” Therefore, the plural
demonstrative should be used to represent cars in the second part of the comparison.
oprah TE eaten 203
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Pagear Chapter 6 Quiz
Complete the Sentence:
1. The best time to wake up is just as__ sun comes up.
Aan
B.the
C.these
D.those
2. The boys wanted to find out if__teammates would be at the party.
A those
B.that
C.this
Da
3. Because the play started late,__
Aa
B. that
C.this
D.some
parts were cancelled.
4, Jane never expected a
Aan
B. those
C.that
D.these
person.
5. Ontheway tothe park, pickup ___
A. these
B.those
Can
Da
________ orange is a type of fruit that has to be peeled.
AA
Bian
C.These
D.Some
7. The dentist said that_
Aa
B.some
Can
Da this
___teeth needed to be pulled.
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Coppi meron 219
‘Scanned with CamScanner Error Correction:
8. Itturns out that the bugs were just attracted to those light.
Ault
B. that
C.the
D. those
9. They decided to rescue a older dog from the shelter.
A.to
Ba
C.from
D.the
10. Taking this pictures will show those people where the boat is at.
A. this pictures
B, those people
C.the boat
D.at
111, She took her phone ta the store with to hope that it could be fixed.
A.to the
8. tohope
cit
D. could be
12, Whenever we decide which of a cars we like, we will tell the children.
A.of
B.acars
cowl
D.the children,
13. Mistakes are easy to make when these TV is on.
A.are easy
B. tomake
C.these TV
D.ison
Pages
Cop i rae 209
‘Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 7
Comparatives and Superlatives
Using Comparatives Tee eeaoe
The iTEP Grammar Section often contains questions _generally testoneof the
that assess a student's ability to recognize and ‘subskills listed in bold
properly structure comparative statements, These Gees
types of sentences compare people, places, and
things often using phrases like “more than’ or
“tess than.” An understanding of both comparative + sentence structure
adjectives and parallel grammatical structure is
required for success on these questions. Below are
some sample questions highlighting parallel structure
in comparative statements.
eeonotes
First, the simplest form of a comparative sentence
uses the "-er” form of an adjective with the word
“than.” Take a look at a few examples of this form.
* parts of speech
+ pronouns
Example 1
‘The total revenue for the company in 2013 was__than the revenue in 2012,
Achigh
B highest
C higher
D. more high
‘The correct answers “C.” This is a simple comparative form as the sentence correctly
compares two things: “revenue in 2013" and “revenue in 2012." Answer “A” is incorrect
because “high” doesn't give a comparative form of the adjective. Answer “B" gives a
superlative form of the adjective, which is not correct. Answer "D” is appealing but in
fact is an incorrect formation of the comparative adjective.
Paes
Conn nena
‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 2
The gross domestic product of the northern states was highest than that of the southern
states.
A.The
B.of
highest
D. that
The correct answer is “C." The correction would be to use the comparative adjective
“higher.” The demonstrative that” can be used to replace a phrase that is introduced
previously in the sentence. Therefore, “that” is a correct demonstrative in this sentence,
replacing "the gross domestic product.”
Long Adjectives Examples
Most two-syllable adjectives that | Mary is more polite than Cindy.
donot end in "y" Tom is more helpful than Peter.
Alladjectives of three syllables lla is more hardworking than Anne.
or more Josh is more attractive than Adam.
Adjectives in Comparative Sentences _
Comparative Adjectives 1
Base ‘Comparative
large larger than
prayers small smaller than
nice nicer than
Tae short shorter than.
strong stronger than
easy easier than
two syllables ending in "y" | bus) busier than
(change "y" to "i" & add "er’) | pretty prettier than
Form: (adj.) -ier than funny funnier than
smelly smellier than
beautiful more beautiful than
dangerous more dangerous than
ne ree aoe intelligent more intelligent than
understanding more understanding than
interesting more interesting than
Faget
Copy
‘Scanned with CamScanner Comparative Adjectives 2
Base Comparative
long longer
‘one syllable or ending in"
"rormaalyer |poune younger
big bigger
ending in”
Form: (adj,) change *y” to "i" | early earlier
& adder"
beautiful more beautiful
‘Adjectives with two | Faithful more faithful
ormoresyiables | beautifil Tess beautiful
Form: more/less + (adj) -2eautl less beau
faithful Tess faithful
‘good better
Irregular comparitives |2° aoe
little less
much more
Remember that some adjectives cannot be changed to an “-er" form. In general, these are
adjectives that are longer, two syllables or more. For these types of adjectives, the word
“more” must be used to form the comparative.
Example 3
‘The second salesperson that the company sent was _
talk tous.
A polite
B. politer
C. more polite
D. most polite
than the first one who came to
‘The correct answer is “C." Polite” is an example of an adjective that cannot taker “-er” as
an ending and therefore needs the modifier “more” to be in a comparative form,
‘Another form of the comparative sentence is when a noun or phrase follows the
comparative adjective. In these cases, the comparative adjective is modifying a noun
or noun phrase. Also, in these sentences, the word “than” can be separated from the
comparative adjective. This separation can sometimes create confusion, and you will
need to recognize when this form is being used.
Poe
pra iemstonal
‘Scanned with CamScanner Example 4
‘The northern states had a__ gross domestic product than the southern states,
‘making it difficult for the southern states to purchase commodities.
A. high
B. highest
higher
D. more high
The correct comparative form is answer “C," Notice that “gross domestic product”
appears between “higher” and “than.”
Another way to form comparative sentences is with an “as + adjective + as” construction.
As with other comparative structures, itis important that the two items being compared
are in the same grammatical form. Also, with this construction, the two items being,
compared could be equal or different depending on whether a negative modifier is used
‘Take a look at the two example sentences below and notice how the negative modifier
“not” changes the meaning of the sentences.
The fruit and vegetables grown in colder regions of the country are as
delicious as those grown in the warmer southern regions.
‘The fruit and vegetables grown in colder regions of the country are not as
delicious as those grown in the warmer southern regions.
The iTEP exam might test your awareness of this form in a number of ways. See the
following examples:
Example 5
‘The professor chose a textbook that was not __
A. expensive
B. too expensive
C.as expensive
D. more expensive
__as the textbook from last year’s class.
For this example, the correct answer is “C." Answer ‘A’ is incorrect because it is not in
a comparative form. Answer "B” would be correct if this was the end of the sentence.
‘Answer “D" is incorrect because the word “as” follows instead of the necessary “than’ for
this answer to be correct.
ges
Cop i meraenl209
‘Scanned with CamScanner Paget
(One more comparative form is one that uses adverbs to compare how two persons,
places, or things do an action. In these sentences, an“as + adverb + as” construction is
sed. Here is an example of a sentence with this form.
Example 6
‘The team Jost because they did not move the ball as effective as their competitors.
A.The
B.lost
C.did not move
D. effective
‘The correct answer is “D." In this example the adverb form is needed to complete the
sentence. The adverb needed to modify the verb “move” is “effectively.”
Superlatives
Superlative adjectives are also commonly found in TEP test sentences. In these
sentences, you will need to be aware of the proper use of the article “the” and
constructions such as “most” and “one of.” The simplest form of a superlative sentence
uses an “-est” form of an adjective, Take a look at the following example sentences.
Example 7
Tokyo is one of the ___