Cardiac Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Digitalis Digitalis purpurea Scrophulariaceae Foxglove, Lady’s Dried leaf Digitoxin, For congestive heart failure,
D. lanata finger, Thimbles, Gitoxin, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia,
Lady’s Glove Gitaloxin atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation
Grecian foxglove Digoxin
Strophantus Strophantus Apocynaceae Onaya, Veneno de Ripe seed K- Cardiac insufficiency, Herpes
komber, las Flechas deprived for strophantoside, zoster
S. hispidus awns strophanthidin

Anthraquinone Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Cascara Rhamnus Rhamnaceae Sacred bark, Chittem Dried bark Cascarosides Cathartic, stimulant laxative
sagrada purshianus bark, Bitter or yellow A, B, C, & D
bark
Frangula Rhamnus frangula Rhamnaceae Buckthorn bark, Dried bark Frangulin A & Laxative, Treatment for cancer
Alder bark B, (Orally), Sunscreen (topically)
Glucofrangulin
A&B
Aloe Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Sabila, Lily of the Dried latex Barbaloin, Purgative, pharmaceutical aid
Aloe elongate desert (juiceO or Aloin, Aloe- (benzoin tincture), wound
leaves emodin healing, treatment of burns,
abrasions, skin irritations
Rhubarb Rheum officinale, Polygonaceae Rheum, Chinese Dried rhizome Chysophanol, Purgative, astringent,
R. palmatum, R. Rhubarb, Himalayan and root emodin, rhein, cardiotonic, treatment of
emodin Rhubarb, Indian deprived of Calcium oxalate jaundice, kidney stones, gout,
rhubarb periderm headache, toothache, skin,
mucous inflammation
Alexandria Cassia senna, C. Fabaceae Khartoum senna, Dried leaflet Sennoside A Cathartic
Senna acutifolia Sennae Folium, and B
Hojas de Sen
Tinnevelly Cassia augustifolia Fabaceae Sennae Folium, Dried leaflet Sennoside A Cathartic
Senna Hojas de Sen and B

Saponin Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Mexican Smilax Liliaceae Mexican Dried roots Sarsaponin, Treatment of syphilis,
Sarsaparilla aristochiafolia Sarsaparilla, Vera Smillagen rheumatism, psoriasis, other
Cruz or Grey urinary problems
Honduras Smilas regelii Liliaceae Honduras Dried roots Sarsaponin, Treatment of syphilis,
Sarsaparilla Sarsaparilla Smillagen rheumatism, psoriasis, other
urinary problems
Quillaja Quillaja saponaria Rosaceae Sabila, Lily of the Dried inner Quillaja- Medicine: detergent for
desert bark saponin, cleaning wounds, emulsifying
Quillaja agent
sapotoxin Industry: metal polish, cleaning
silk, fire extinguisher
Pharmaceutical: emulsifier,
volatile oils, tars
Gogo bark Entada scandens Fabaceae Gogo, Gandoc, Bark Saponin, Fixed For the treatment of abdominal
Balogo (Tree), oil, Oleanolic pain, counter irritant
Balugo, Bayogo acid,
sapogenin
Senega Polygala senega Polygalaceae Senega snakeroot, Dried root Senegin, Stimulating expectorant
rattlesnake root Sterol,
Polygalitol
Condurango Masdenia Asclepiadaceae Condor vine, Eagle Dried bark Condurangin Bitter stomachic, astringent,
condurango vine kills tumor cells, stimulates
appetite, alleviates dyspepsia,
promotes diuresis, treat
stomach cancer

Cyanophore glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Wild cherry Prunus serotina, Rosaceae Wild black cherry, Carefully dried Prunasin Flavoring vehicle, sedative
Prunus viginiana Virginian prune bark, stem bark expectorant, antitussive,
Rum or whisky bark astringent, treatment for colds,
bronchitis, whooping cough

Isothiocyanate Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Black Brassica nigra, B. Brassicaceae Brown or chinese Dried ripe Sinigrin Local irritant, emetic
mustard juncea mustard, Sinapis seed Externally: rubefacient,
nigra vesicant, pulmonary
congestion, rheumatic arthritis
Commercial: condiment

ARIANNE BALUYUT 1
 
  

White Brassica alba Brassicaceae Yellow or English Dried seed Sinalbin Same as Black mustard
mustard mustard Used to clear voice and those
with tendency for infection

Flavonol Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Rue Ruta graveolens Rutaceae Garden Rue, Herb Leaves Rutin (Vit P. Treatment of various conditions
or Grace, factor) characterized by capillary
herbygrass bleeding and increased
capillary fragility, uterine
stimulant, insect repellant
(topical)
Bitter Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Seville Orange, Dried outer Limonene, Constipation, Skin stress,
Orange Bigarade Orange peel, Fruit Hesperidin Flatulence
Sweet Citrus sinensis Rutaceae Cajel, Kahel Fruit, Peel Citric acid, Nausea and fainting, bronchitis,
orange Volatile oil, D- chills, relaxes smooth muscles,
limonene, insecticide, antibacterial,
Pectin, antifungal
Hesperidin

Alcohol Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Poplar bud Populus Salicaceae Balm of Gilead Air-dried closed Humulene, Stimulating expectorant,
candicans, P. Buds, Black winter leaf bud salicin, populin anti-rheumatic, sluggish
tacamahacca Poplar buds, (in volatile oil) sores, micturition,
Willow buds, complaints in prostatic
Quaking aspen hyperplasia, antiseptic,
stimulant for wound healing,
gargle for laryngitis
Viburnum Viburnum Caprifoliaceae Black Haw, Sherry Dried bark of Salicin, Uterine sedative, diuretic,
prunifolium prunifolium berry, Stugbush roots or stem viburmin, astringent, tonic,
viburnic acid, dysmenorrhea, treatment or
isovaleric acid, threaten abortion (uterine
tannin, oxalic relaxant)
acid, scopoletin
Aspidosperma Aspidosperma Apocynaceae Quebracho Dried bark Quebrachitol Respiratory stimulant
quebracho-blanco For dyspnea
Hamamelis Hamamelis Hamamelidaceae Witch hazel leaf Dried leaf Hamamelitannin, Astringent, for tonsillitis,
viginiana Dried leaf Volatile oils, hemmorhoids
Flavonoids
Mezereum Daphne Thymelaceae Paradise plant, Dried twigs, Daphin, Appetite stimulant, Poison
mezereum mezereon Bark Daphnetoxin
Xanthoxyllum Xanthoxylum Rutaceae Prickly ash, Dried bark Xanthoxylin Carminative, Mucous
clavaherculis Hercules’ club membrane stimulant, For
fever, rheumatism, Gout

Aldehyde Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Vanilla Vanilla planifolia, Orchidaceae Vanilla pod or bean Cured, full Glucovanillin Flavoring agent, perfumery
V. fragrans, V. grown unripe (vanilloside),
tahitensis fruit glucovanillic
alcohol

Lactone Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Santonica Artemisia cinae Asteraceae Levant, Aleppo, Dried β-santonin, Anthelmintic (in roundworms –
Alexandria, unexpanded artemisin ascaris), little effect on
Wormseed, Semen flower head threadworm, no effect on
Cinae, sea Taenia
wormseed
Russian Cantharis Meloidae Spanish flies, Dried insects Cantharidin Topically: Irritant, vesicant,
Cantharides vesicatoria Russian flies, rubefacient, removes warts
Blistering Flies Internally: irritating to urinary
tract (results to priapism)
Aphrodisiac (dangerous and
can cause death)

Phenol Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Uva ursi Arctostaphylos Ericaceae Bearberry, Dried leaf Arbutin, Urinary antiseptic, diuretic,
uva-ursi var. Rockberry, Ericolin, urethritis and cystitis, treatment
coactylis or Sandberry Ursone (ursolic of hepatitis, effective against E.
adenotricha acid) coli, Proteus mirabilis and
vulgaris, P. aeroginosa, S.
aureus and UTI bacteria

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Miscellaneous Glycosides

A. Bitter Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Gentian Gentiana lutea Gentianaceae Yellow gentian root, Dried Gentiopicrin, Bitter tonic, stimulate appetite
root Bitter root fermented root Gentiomarin,
and rhizomes Xanthone
Quassia Picrasma excels, Simarubaceae Bitter wood, Bitter Stem wood Quassin, Bitter tonic, insecticide, enema
Quassia amara ash, Corrales (Tag.) Neoquassin, for expulsion of threadworms
18-
hydrozyquassin,
scopoletin,
cathine-6-one

B. Sweet Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Spanish Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Liquorice root, Dried rhizome Glycyrrhizin, Demulcent, expectorant,
Licorice Glycyrrhiza, sweet liquiritin, flavoring agent, surfactant, anti-
wood, licorice isoliquirin, ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-
hernaiarin, hepatotoxic agent, added to
Russian G. glabra var.
umbelliferone gums, chocolate, candies,
Licorice glandulifera
cigarette, smoking mixture
chewing tobacco, snuff

C. Coloring Glycosides
Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Red Saunders Pterocarpus Fabaceae Red Sandal wood Heartwood Santalin or Coloring matter (cabinets)
santalinus santalinic acid,
santalic acid
Haematoxylon Haematoxylon Fabaceae Logwood, Heartwood Hematoxylin, Astringent, microscopic stain,
campechianum redwoods hematein, indicator (volumetric analysis)
tannin
(gallotannic
acid)
Cochineal Dactylopius Hemiptera Cochinella, Coccus Dried female Carminic acid Colorant and indicator
coccus (Coccus (Order) insect
cacti) containing
eggs and
larvae
Crocus Crocus sativus Iridaceae Saffron Dried stigma Crocin, Coloring agent and flavorant
and tops of Picrocrocin
the styles
Cocculus Anaminta Menispermaceae Ligtang, Balising, Dried fruits Pricrotoxin Intravenously in barbiturate
cocculus Fish berry, Indian and narcotic poisoning, fish
berry, Cocculus poison
indicus
Kasubha Carthamus Compositae Safflower, Biri, Flowers, Carthamin, Seeds: Purgative, Laxative
tinctorius, C. Lago, Parrot seed, seeds fixed oil, Flowers: Tonic,
denatus Blanco Fake saffron, proteins, Emmenagogue
Bastard saffron, cellulose
Wild saffron

D. Glycosides with Volatile Oil

Specimen Scientific Name Family Synonyms Parts Used Constituents Uses
Calamus Acorus calamus Araceae Sweet flag lubigan Dried peeled Cadinene, Carminative, aromatic bitter
rhizome acorane, acorin, and vermifuge, toothache
volatile oil remedy, tonic, treatment of
(sesquiterpenes) dysentery
and asarone

ARIANNE BALUYUT 3