Universal values

Values toward moral character

Values is the plural (used also as singular) of value which means worth, price, cost and
significance. These are those that are valued by someone or an organization generally in relation
to life but specifically in relation to the personal or organizational goals. They are often
emotionally charged because they are the foundation of one's worth as a person and worth
defending. They are basically what one ought to defend in times of conflict between persons,
organizations and societies.

Most basic values of a person are learnt early in childhood from the family, friends,
neighborhood, school, mass media, environment and other factors within society. These are
shared and reinforced as they become part of the person's moral character. Personal values which
become the moral character usually remain but organizational and societal values often change.

In organizations or institutions, values are formally related to the end or vision. An organizational
vision must be based on and should consistently spouse its core values. These values are
consciously pursued or upheld by members as being worthwhile

Vision is you plan to happen in the future , sa vision mo kailangan mahaba yung patient mo at
dapat laging nasa positive side ka lang

If organization's values are shared by all members those values become every member's
character. As the members try to achieve their organization's vision, they will use the
organization's values as the bases and instruments in order to make decisions, assess behaviors
implement rules and choose among alternatives.

Like yung values sa isang organization is having Team work / unity to achieve the vision of an
organization

Values and Ethics

Values are anything that has worth, importance, goodness, beauty and desirability. They
determine what one judges as right (good) or wrong (bad). Some values that are shared by all
cultures are truthfulness and prohibition against murder. Whereas, Ethics is doing or behaving
either right or wrong based on one's values. It could be doing the values themselves.

Our values nag rereflect it sa life natin at sa sarili natin

May kasabihan nga na aanhin mo po yung kagandahan kung panget naman ang iyong kalooban
Assignment in book:

Values are too broad but could also be considered as essential art of Ethics just as Ethics can also
be considered as a type of values To further elaborate this, values can be classified as follows:

1. Material Values. These values refer to anything physical that one gives so much importance
such as money, food, clothing shelter, tools, computer and cellphone. These do not have anything
to do with ethics but coexist with people and could be instrumental to living ethically.

2. Concept Values. These values refer to ideas that one gives so These may much worth such as
education, health, nation, leadership research, marriage, beauty and spirituality. represent
corresponding material objects as their symbols and could also be means to achieving higher
values in life

3. Moral or Ethical Values. These are ultimate and transcendent values precisely because they
are closely associated with the goals of life. These are divided into two-ideal (perfect ideas and
instructional or propositional (Proposition is a statement or assertion that expresses a judgment or
opinion). Ideal values are universal ideas essentially important to achieving a good life but could
also be the highest values or ultimate goal of Ethics and life. They can be considered as the
various names for GOOD.

Examples of ideal values are honesty, integrity prudence, justice, love, service, honor and courage
Instructional values are specific premier rules of and instrumental to achieving the ideal values.
Examples instructional or specific values are: "Be honest always becaus it is the best policy;"
"Love your neighbors as you yourself," "Honor your father and mother," "Serve selfless This is
why values are said to be that standards by whit people either as individual or group decide what
is good bad and right and wrong.

Moral ethical values could be the ethical principles that regulate person's day-to-day behaviors.
They are ideal of objective standards in themselves. Values are intrinsically ethical because they
deal with what ought to be They express instructions or rules on how one becomes ultimately
good or right. They are the basis of moral judgments about what is good, right correct,
worthwhile, desirable valuable, beautiful, proper and important

Whereas, Ethics is the critical analysis of the moral frameworks and values systems which are the
basis of moral actions According to MacKinnon and Fiola 2015) Ethics is a critical enterprise in
which we we will examine various ethical views and types of reasoning from a critical or
evaluative standpoint to help us come to a better : understanding of our own values and the values
of others"

Ethics evaluate good or right vales from bad or wrong values Not all values are worth living at
all times and in all situations because some values are is become lerelevant and irrational.
Through Ethics one is able to critically arrive at decisions and actions that truly express one's
values that are good or right

In ethics, values can be in conflict with each other in which one has to choose in favor of one
value more than the others. Values is the bedrock of ethics as one chooses based on values. But
Ethics is the application of values wherein one's action becomes the concrete manifestation or
reflection of the generally accepted values. Thus, to behave ethically is to behave in a manner that
is consistent with what is commonly valued.

Every society or culture has its own standards (values) of whe are morally right (valuable) or
wrong (invaluable) for all its members This basically points to the value of common good in all
societies. To attain common good, "should" must be considered always in how people interact and
behave toward one another in groups organizations, and societies. The value of common good
makes Ethics possible.

Organizations have their own code of ethics, which is an enumeration of right behaviors one must
follow. The ethical code of the Philippine Military Academy. "We, the cadets do not lie, cheat,
steal nor tolerate among us those who do so," is a clear expression of abhorring what is wrong
and valuing of honesty and integrity.

The ideal value of selfless service whose instructional value ar moral principle is "to put the
welfare of the Nation and the accomplishment of the assigned mission before individual welfare'
ca also be an ethical code. All members then of any organization with values such as selfless
service must ethically resist the temptation to pursue self-interest. personal gain or advantage, and
self-enrichment for the sake of common good.

Values organized into a hierarchy from which one priorities values that determine one moral
decision or choice d moral behavior. Maslow's hierarchy of needs can a be called a hierarchy of
values. But as hierarchy of values, it can be reorganized depending one's priority. Material values
are basically at the lowest level becaus they are too particular while the moral values should be in
the highe level because they are ideal.

Readings 117- 144 meet tomorrow