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Biology Practical Notebook

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607 views59 pages

Biology Practical Notebook

Uploaded by

harsh shirsat
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A, EXPERIMENTS TO BE PERFORMED é ___ 1. Study of osmosis by potato osmoscope. Dat Aim : - To study the process of osmosis using potato osmoscope. Requirements :- A fresh Potato, peeler or scalpel, Petri dishes/ bowls/ trough/ shallow glass beakers, pins, concentrated sugar solution, coloured water, etc. Principle :~ ‘When two solutions of different concentrations are separated by semipermeable membrane, the flow of solvent is from the region of weaker solution (having low solute concentration) to the region of stronger solution (having high solute concentration) till the equilibrium is reached so that the osmotic pressures are Saianced. au Osmosis is of two types viz. endosmosis and exostosis. Figure :- Intent’ tn Tel oF Sqen Pin Potato osmoscope solution SEPYESEN}+ potata Petri dish/ bowl ‘Coloured Water, . 52 Concenirated * Sugar solution ——> \: >< Peeled lateral side of potato B. Complete and label this diagram as observed at the end of experiment Fig. Potato osmos¢ope experiment to demonstrate osmosis Procedure:- 1. Take a frésh potato tuber and peel off the skin with the hélp of scalpel.” 2. Cut the potato from one side in such a way that it will make a flat base. 3. Scoop the peeled tuber properly so as to make a hollow block (well) in potato with thin intact base bottom and care should be taken that it will not rupture at base. 4. Now add concentrated sugar solution in that cavity and mark its level by inserting a pin in the cavity wall. 5. Place this potato osmoscope in a petri dish/ bowl or glass beaker, filled with coloured water. 6. Mark the initial level with pin. After some time mark the level of sugar solution in the potato ‘osmoscope. at raOhencicat om hha Observations : j 1. You can easily note that level of sugar solution in the potato osmoscope, rises after sometime. The solution in the cavity osmoscope also becomes coloured. 2. It can be inferred that coloured water from the petri dish/ bow! has entered the cavity of the potato osmoscope. Tnferences :- 4. Do you fi S, yes. 3 i important role in stomatal movement, explain. 3 i “pe neticmaga. opening. .waters. is. csushed. fo. adgait i jo. Osmosis nity. Pato. the ard. cell... Bue. ; “re opening and ciedein of stomata, occus. Bue do Aung eesute (np asd cell», che... g Is... Cell. be come REE ‘ed ded and 4nick ed d thexve wall get erdenye “ea Scone eligi Concave so. thet the stoma open and. the. 9 avd tell Become Fai Fiasicl «Due to, lo, of codtew and thery Fhicd vali -veverssed back 40. thefx, .osigiodl positon. in clos og “ek stomata. Multiple Choice Questions 1. In living cells, an osmosis specifically refers to the movement 4. diffusion of solvent b. diffusion of solute \e-iffusion of water dé diffusion of solute and solvent both 2. The direction and rate of osmosis is controlled by a. nature of property membrane b. nature of solv \e-pressure gradient and concentration gradient . cell structure and composition of cytoplasm 3. The structure that contributes to the solute potential of a cell is «a. vacuolar sap b. cell sap c. water ‘UdSolute particles 4. Osmotic potential refers to Vcr movement of water molecules from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution b. movement of water molecules from hypertonic solution to hypotonic solution c. pressure potential 4d, movement of water molecules from hypotonic to isotonic solution 5. Which of the following is not semipermeable? «a. Parchment paper b. Egg membrane c. Bladder membrane. “Cell wall 6. Which acid is used to extract egg membrane? VK Acetic acid b. Dilute HCL c. Concentrated HCL 4. Dilute H,SO, Remark and Signature of Teacher 2. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels. } Exosmosis in a living cell when placed in hypertonic solution, is called plasmolysis. ‘Aim :- To study plasmolysis in epidermal cells of Tradescantia leaf. Re ments :- Fresh leaf of Tradescantia, concentrated sugar solution, distilled water, slides, ‘equirel cover slips, watch glass, blades, etc. ‘iple :- , aac ey tic concetteice of cell stip'Sdcides the inovimeat of folvent molecules oceSsé the ‘different types of membranes. Figure :- Cells showing ; shrinkage of Plasmolysing (hypertonic) protoplast solution Normal cell Plasmolysi Cell wall Solutio wa — Plasmolyséd cel D Complete part of diagram as observed in the slide Fig. Phenomenon of plasmolysis Procedure := 1. Take a fresh Tradescantia leaf cind peel off its lower colouted surface in such a way that epidermal cells can be observed. 2. Take a small piece of epidermal peel and place it in concentrated sugar solution for few minutes (hypertonic solution). Mount it on slide and put a cover slip. 3. Observe the slide under microscope and focus over few cells. 4. Take another small piece of peel from lower epidermis and place it in water (hypotonic Solution) for few minutes, Mount it on a slide and put a cover slip. 5. Carefully observe this slide also under microscope. Observation :- 1. The slide prepared using hypertonic solution shows shrinkage of cytoplasm (protoplast) cytoplasm moves (recedes) away from the cell wall cad becomes concentrated to corner of the cell. This is known as plasmolysis. 2. The slide prepared using hypotonic solution or water shows that cell cytoplasm bulges or swells ie. increases in size. This is due to endosmosis. Inferences :- as, | . hich...1S. sdaeched diol cell wall, telhon.. sia eee bs placed....'n ifemionte ‘Soledions..Cs jaa ef). 1282S... INI okay. clue te. momend...oF. tacdere Pa) cel. tO... 649A. eal on + Then 110) when pr * Pe, fy pare wader... Pb... Show. daygiathy. lace «What does occupy the space between the cell wall and protoplast ofa plasmolysed ce) —3¥ bihen cell 48 placed. in. hppesdonts Solution oF). some MS pertonic. ol 470.0, (sagan an OCUPRY PAE SPUR SAMA EEM.. ANE. GEM rn ARAM... ) prode plas. a : 2. Define incipient sane set, tagli, sehen wo i a ee ieruen ; Suga een ORE MISES. 18 fg o called ng, sesene ipient Nes. cached” Surface of Tradescantia leaf. Fs_ased ower. B.A. ) Multiple Choice Questions 1, When water enters the cell, the pressure exerted by its swollen protoplast is \_actarfgor pressure b.D.P.D. ¢. osmotic pressure 4. Imbibition 2. Ina fully turgid cell, what will be zero? ~jop a. WP OP c. TP 4. Water potential 3, In a turgid cell surrounded by pure water, the wall pressure fncsease.¢ b, decreases finereases c. fluctuate d. remain unchanged 4, The osmotic pressure of cell sap is more in Xevophyles ‘a. mesophytes Xerophytes c. hydrophytes d. halophytes 5. The protective cover of vacuole is called 40n0pla st. a. cell wall b. leucoplast c. plasmalemma \etorortest Observe the slide and draw the diagram. Cells showin shrinkage Plasmolysing (hypertoric) Proto plas+ selnien torte) Nowmal cell Remark and Signature of Teacher tae 1, The peel ae or betel (dicot leaf) shows presence of kidney shaped guard shaped subsidiary cells. The number of stomata ne surro PPer ep seated egulanly lower.epidermis. Teaf (monocot leaf) shows presence of dumbbells) shaped ded by two subsidiary cells which are triangular and show parallel ar ta on upper epidermis and low’ lel arrange, PI fer epidermis is generally equal Meth tn der N . Si, cells surrounds ‘The number of stomat a gecnstesl unden- 4. § (OE SAO TOA....0.0. eae ’ Ccompagixed 4o PSY 5 Saansel vada 4, What is guttation? ‘Gadadion. Ts proceess Of Sec wea dion oft wader... .aeoples Foe... The... ROWE PQs 2012. NAS CALA... PIQOK.ntll4® J BASSE ; 5, Which structur« res are known as “wate {tomate gn where ate they located? osse S$... 08. JUAtAd © ., As...AV lated hy dathode Press of len] “Seasses. ‘ 6. Why is that there is ered number of stomata on the leaf surfaces in betel leat? : leak....chow.....unequad numbers Multiple Choice Questions 1.Stomataopendueto «a. influx of caleium ions brnflux of potassium ions c.efflux of potassium ions d. influx of hydrogen ions 2. Loss of water in the early morning from tips of leaves, is called Guttation b. transpiration ¢. respiration d. bleeding 3. Maximum water loss occurs through e-sfomata b. lenticels c. hydathodes 4. cuticle 4. In a free floating hydrophyte, stomata are {| «a. absent ( xb-present on upper surface \ { . present on lower surface 4. present on both surfaces 5. Which of the following is Not an isobilateral rr a. Rice b. Wheat c. Sugareane d. Mango j 6. The leaf showing stomata on both the surfaces is known as @. astomatic leaf b. epistomatic leaf c. hypostomatic leaf d. amphistomatic leaf ‘Observe the slides and draw the diagram. J ure oF stomatal apparatus: (o%, Fig. Stsac | "Cells Stomq Nucleus 7 \ -a Epidermal ; ; a)" ony Stoma Apewtuve Icey Epidermal i F Chloropi, ceN Keiidney Shaped 64 guard cetis Fig. Stuctive of stomatal gpParvatus (monocot Plans) Epfdermal cell Oumbelt shaped 7 guard ce) : I} “gu bsidiary cell Epfdecmalcel| { 1. Note the shape, colour and omamentation of pollen grain? a Polen egergin, Ui bie 2. What are the sj te pectic terms a for inner and outer walls of >f pollen grain? 7.Th Fine On... Uden g watl - 3. Name the, ‘Chemical comy 7. ‘The Foner: coat 5. Where do the 4 ollens germinate naturally? NG: if the ine pis 6, Name the nutrient element whieh plays major role in poll 1 pollen grain germination, Caleta Quiet nt ray im of male gametophyte in Angiosperms as observed by you. Tube’ nucleus Multiple Choice Questions wards an embryo sac is b. phototactic 4. thigmotropic 1. Movement of potien tube to a. thermotacti¢ hemotropic len grain is made up of s Sa So ohin b, pectocellulose ’ 4. lipids ¢. protein , i ination of | 3, How miny mitotic divisions take place during germ into mature gametophyte? a3 bl os “27 4. Triporate pollen grain is commonly found in __——- 4. monocot plants b, dicot plants ©. pteridophytes d. gymnosperms 5. How many prothallial cells: a. One prothallial cell \b-Noprothaliial cell . Equal to number of gametes produced 4. Equal to number of tube cells produced 6. Uniporate or monocolpate pollen grain is found in \a-nocot plants ». dicot plants ¢. gymnosperms d. pteridophytes: pollen grain and its develop, develop during development of male gametophyte in Angiosper, Observe the slide and draw the diagram. CON with, Gexm pove nucleus Tube Tube Nucleus Pig. Pollen grain showing pollen gevatnesdtan cleus Remark and Signature of Teacher Result : "pH value between 6.5 to 7.5 is described as more or less ‘neutral’. 1 2. IfpHis less than 6.5, then the soil is acidic, 3. Soils with pH less than 5.5, are considered strongly acidic." ‘4. Extremely acidic pH values (pH less than 4). 5. If the pHT is more than 7.5, it is alkaline. >, e ‘of Plant. 2. How soils are classified snils class it i sil 4. 4, Why soil pH and soil texture are given importance inthe study. of soil? —..Se4 fs. .measure df Giving plants (living organisms) and soil pH. id , | a won nd acidic soil 75 nod settable Activity . 1. Find out and enlist different types of plants found in different PCS of soils, Multiple Choice Question’ 1. Plants grow in saline soil are known as , Halophytes a. Xerophyte c. Epiphytes , Mesophytes 2, Which of the following soil type has more water holding capacity ? a. sandy soil b, loam soil i c. clay soil dL both sandy and foam soils 3, What is the percentage of sand in clay soil? a. equal to silt b, equal to clay c. more than silt d. both aand ¢ 4, Which ofthe following branch is deals with the study of soil ? «a. palantology b. pedology c. phytology d.cytology se considered os pioneer community im xerarch ? «a. Planktons b. Algae 4d. Foliose lichens cc, Crustose lichen culate matter as observed by you at the time of pracy le Draw the diagram of layers of partic ne samples you have studied. ‘and comment on the type of soil in 256 Remark and Signature of Teacher tas 1, What is air pollution? | 3. ANS... fel latlon...4i..4 2. Enlist the different air pollutants, 3 Oiflesent..... Pillans... ase, sf & What i ( CNG? “i sckand <20> ful to plants ? ow are air pollutants harm 5 , kato 024 1, Carbon dioxide is called green-house gas because . a. used in greenhouse to increase plant growth +7 Transparent to sunlight but traps heat c. Transparent to sunlight but do not traps heat 4. used in photosynthesis 2. The scruber is used to remove gases like ........ a. carbon dioxide bc Raphur dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. Nitrogen dioxide 3. Which of the following size of particulate matter causes greater harm to human health ? | 4-23 micrometer in diameter b. more than 2.5 micrometer in diameter c. 4.5 micrometer in diameter d, more than 4.5 micrometer in diameter 4. Which of the following device used for removing particulate matter in thermal power plant! Electrostatic precipitator b. Scrubber ©. CNG 4. Catalytic converter Remark and Signature of my ee mens nt wer (i rayerascoPe plankton i] 7, Study of water sam] mples CO! pH, cla arity and presene of liv > OTlivgs Date and pre ty eurbidity) Aim: To study organisms: imple with Litmus paper H of water is primari ily deg 1, pH test of water Introdestn ‘= The aay of ee pHis easure of the acidity of alkalinity nies ‘htected- ut pl also oe by the salts ese ati em wie ants . organic matter, fertilizers, sewage and other pol Rese i 13 of different ranges ete, Different water samples; sample bottle with cap, P pope! Procedure: Collection and P tie of sample.: 1 1. Col lect water so les ino clean, plastic Jaf 2, Cap the. ior .d shake V! jigorous! ly 0 few time 3, Allow the sa mple al = 10 minutes: 14, Remove the coP © ‘ie ie 5, Dip the litmus poper in it i ra seconds holding it with a clean dry foreceps (avoid touts with yout fingers.) ‘observation 1 reve e colour changes 2, Match the: resultant colour with colour ‘code on the pHi colour strip: Identify the pH and: p note 1 rr of6st075 ag mote of les ‘neutral’ 2. if pis less than 65 then the water is acidic. 3, ifthe pH is more than 7.5 itis alkaline, Fite 2, Clarity of merarey ‘Test of water for clarity (Turbidity) : Measuring woter clarit ity is an jrfiportant part of environmental science. Often lakes streoms contin pollutants or sed rapalrnrtiyert sediméats that make water cloud ail dy. This oft iebagrareabargri — sources of turbidity in es ee are sl humic acids and ei SN leaflitter, small animals, etc. in water other organi compounds rt Sa ie arbre colon + sources and high iron and phospist ‘rat is Biochemical Oxygen Demand (ROD) ?., D,.J6. oun) Be 2, Wh ( Muifiple Choice Questions 1. suman arthropods found jy/Afesh water bodies. “Daphnia b, Hermit crab, c, Amphipod d. Padina 2. BOD of water means «a. Biological oxygen demand 4 Biochemical oxygen demand ¢. Biologically observed diatoms _d. Biologically observed Daphnia 3, Methylene blue stain is used to observe a. Plankton UbetBcteria c. Algae d. Viruses 4, Experimental set up deviced by .. is used to observe water clarity. a, Wingbarg Exosmrsis...25 « and photographs voit righ LW Vetta gas 19 ye agent. Differentiate between nselt 40.0. Hat polling pene * soiltpalien io gather. cig 5 Give reason as to why do maize as well as Saliva plants show cross pollination ? bere. q Jo soeles. tk A The...28: hess. ave. ff and cross pollination, ander to — Transfer Pollen spt, FoBM.6 at ihove, eee | i lagen “Tran ster IF i-patten J280.- 5. ‘Pollination is en nis plonts’= xplain/comment. Pn HOM. ly. £2. land Ith Flower. .0% ditjerentfate, vale.....Aad. female Pett lnodion : Platts as. ce psodusing: before, Fextt Weaton. accuse alt by... Semel. list the functions of micropyle prior to to fertitizati ei zation josperms. OF e...AtCBOB Me, ‘ HEB. yc dawn, sel IF aro QE 4, What is the double fertilization? oF 6, TBR! 4, Give functions of : «a. Integuments 5, FT... PAR ALES b, Nucellus > 2n....b.09 S&S... fesue. c. Funicle IAHR oct 4 Seri cells By ISLE CHS, e aarti nptes as Na ot shes. “he SPY BE. while Sgrateh soo ; etophyte, spe the. Moll... : me ytic... UStfesn male... qamede pny. dQ. dR The... Female Staoheds pie Spermatic cord o g a < a g me 2 3 & Head of epididymis ad (vas) mo it +eraight Jubsle | N\A (S's Fig, Sagittal section obec tie d i Rede testis Puctus epididymis | oe | semimfberous ty hyley seminiferous tubules 28 : 1 (E20) @ & Bes ee | Leyding’s ceils CAntersitial ces)! Connective Hssue | Blood ve s3¢ | Sestoli cells Gas} ‘Haculee ces) Sement membornt A ererfnal e thelim di permatogo nian Ce PEAY ormadocy © \ ka—Se conclary \ i spesmarocyle SpesmaHds SPerma+o20q F1g,A Past of +ranverse section of mammalian 4esHes £90 Ws ae wt Primeydtal Follecle Secondeny Ferminal Folitele —/Ceitheljum primary founicle jeod ee follicle + hilum © : fob ovarian avery medulla corpus hemoeshagicum| Couplured Fonte ee} e ‘osong “vadic4 Degenerating 2 oe : corpus lien lot OF Pus ovulation discharges Jateum, Secondaty cocyte fq. TS of ovars | Fig (oTPus albicans Innes cells mass (embryonal Knob) TroPhoblast cols of Rauber figs- Vv. S- blastulq Cell watt Cell membrane Nuclear membrane ond Nucleolys ie Dsarn Cell p : Dawg’, cell Prophase-I1 Cell walt | Cell membrane Separated chromatids 5] Chromatids putied towards opposite oles Anaphase-II Sketch diagrams : Fig. (b) Stages of Meiosis I — Pole |— Chromosome }— Centromere | — Spindle fibres ™ Poe Metaphase. Nucleus Separation of daughter | cells due to cell plate formation | Chromatin network Telophase-If and cytokinesis Non sis #4 [| chrvometid s Pachytene Nuclea a Cell wa | |] —————} membrane ; ant | oe membrane FO Me netoork Paty of hor ologer $ Slende*® — chromosome hoising 5 [LE _]} ——————lehvomogeme 5 ops Zygorene Lepto tene —— ere Jen otramertl pat. 15ter emake chfaseng. Ofplotete Sketch diagrams : 2 Prrophase I ) [en val peje] Membrane ——_chrsomosomell i Nude ne Centroment av Rude olus 7, pisappating ‘spindle — cel) Pla Fibres eg hte Pole | Metaphase 1 roy" wall pudeus ———, 1 au ment 19 sprarwadion f = juclea spine fibres —" membrant, Homola gous, Preuppor sr crea 2 Homeleyoas equator hromasomes —¢ pindle— Fa showin Wi lee and pole || 9 > Jeviming sal Diakests Svea PlejaphaseL Separating Dayghtew =j homolegous Shuclews J Chesomosomes cell) plate Spindle nuclear Prabees ern boa Ne cle, Pole ch xoinadi n] NEHOOTK Te lophose~L and ETS aes r fF daughter Hseparcated | % ae Nye Maal chrsomatids ceil plate tap chreomalids . Foomation '€@) 1 1 Pulled towards Chrsomath Anephes2 ay oPPesite piles — nedootk Te lephase — anf tq kien | Differentiate: and Meiosis eam gary mitotic metaphase Weg eae Metaphase I ani z Why should meiosis II occur, when a reduction in the chromosome number has already occurred in meiosis I? 4. What is crossing over ? 5. Enlist the different stages of prophase I. hou gate. 9.2ygotene » op! i Remark and Signature of Teacher iC sal adaptations in des ert 4 da plants, 1 Wie opto +0 She a 2 | 1, What is emasculation ? Ema scaladion of OS Lamens : rend having Cathests . j {..es... Fore ma: 2. Enlist different methods of ero} pier tmethools ® ean D Matelfon, Hy petdizadton. Lech nique 3. What is hybridization ? Heridt ation... AE on PERELBS.. Vasleires....OF, e690 ISMS.....OF. COS cheif objcodive. emelfo “varetee 4, What is the purpose of bagging the emasculated flower prior to artificial pollination and after artificial pollination? prior te actficlal poll tn torag. ing. the emasculated” FY. selt-_. eol.ling on, pollingtHon, thy pollination by 5. Why is it that the anthesis, er mornin octet oftemooy? ol 2 j n eral asculat?s se fesably. one. fin coe gece ey tecnnon..... We cause i = oo 888008 - Self... .Poliinadton. as. eel... ~ pollington In. the. Flower» ulation and actual crossing are preferably done early in Remark and Signature of Teacher . il fiat is pedigree ? fami ee, Veal enetic,. ~eep-reser-atfan of 4... al g lagwam dhe inhesi tance of e iat § IGeace | Vhesya}, “SCV ered” ; = ney, Shows. dhe “selg-tion ships membess...009.. Ind icader eshien Frcifutddu ad ov... atlenth the Aeq?t ee 2, Why x-linked disorder are more common in mal than inthe femaje? Oouble.... Aese....0f,.... Med tea Carter eC ented... fox... disease ie dose.....0f....meslt¥fed al Fox... disease.....tn...onetle disorders ase. more in... kemale... ' 3. What are holandric traits? The Arsclide. tha are, “eresenk only. on, the vhalanaels, fealte. Some. carom? it nolanels atc ené es RE. “COMMON, m Bale 4. Give an example stoutosomalrecesssive disorder in humans. E ramplss........0F aedosard.... ecessshe. ltsomd cust ¥fpsosis....shKle. Cen. disease cyst bs ost's.is..9 ge di send ' “fond. ee. A AMG. Sn A$0. ns ARGC BAchS AfseaSe...L fatal" disorders. Qs. Explain the concept of co-domit to - dominance the expression. BL as. ths alels An..ex human, coal be. the..AB.O. blood! Amey? ssed (lel and..8 both, one. >: an Soafidedl Naf ext “aiele “A fxm. 8 Prom Ratner. Yer. have blood AYP Remark and Signamnre of ye 4115 th it 10 oe system in humans. ae ttre (ahora lieles alors. oxjans NASBA 119, b.Gills G Is. Sketch diagrams and comments be female » Which one is infectious stage of Plasmodium for human host ? ame Me op.eso2i +e § of “mp saute . 2. Enlist atleast two names of ringworm Big. sod Lersemt Fung? Niee- BOS PREM. Ad ois and. oe 3. Give names of any three | endoparasitic animals, : E Odopaxed dic. animals..Podudes Baste Neola. alex nna. Aoxead.sa2%ms, an rete ape ean 4. What isthe difference between pathogen and parasite? oe Pathojen.2-. OT9AaIS Mm... Abed... Cotses...VI Valence : WESF... MP2... ecalOn . AKAN. GM... Mth Veoreases and Mh S.....04..0%3... Hest 7. Tagecttoy As. | epee | \ 3. Functional areas of cerebrum : Description can be added from the text book or only sp From exam point of view for one mark any one part with ecifie regions can be given in short. function can be asked. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Olfactory bulb Cerebellum ‘Temporal lobe Spinal cord Fig. Structure of human brain Comments on functions of different parts Sketch diagrams and comment : optic nerve agueous : = ae > Suspensory Nigamerl ela. avs of EYE Temporal bene, Semicirculorducts vestibulae nerve, —> cobiear herve cocblea Auricis ausitory tube Earjobe <\ Eardram T¥mponic cavity Auditory conal EI, Stsuctive of humon ar. Sentral sulsis-5 Frontal Z lobe LEG a Olfactory bulb Tem poral lobe Spinol cord human bain . SA yuctuee of ns a > Parletal lobe — > Occipital 5 lobe > cerebellum :( Questions yo actions separately. . gas differeneg sense organs in human and mention th oe vison... 6 aera! 1 faste 1 sin. — touch adapadfon....o€ human n death. 2, Give reason Ye ame i ip yd oluat eden such....as. Rav hehe eke. Taye to, medulla, : acl vies. Sach,..1s.. hed. 3. What are the functions of cerebrum ? Runcdfen. of cexcebru.m. incl de Commedinad on... of... mown 4 hearing... reasenlag... no Sowell. 4, Enlist the components of ear pene Ear ossicles include ean dsum. EACUS 1... side closen. to eaxdeum. fo. FaNeNy... g4aPS3..50.1 stapss.ha. 5. Give functions of each of the following : a. Retina The PUMPOSE...O nn SHED long. bas Focused... Convers send these signal on the “The function, of purl... is.t9. ie entestay....dhe ae ond c. Vitrous chamber sh Supeost... the, es She Shape. of Passing . = 44h 00. BING. d. Eustachian tube St helps. 4 and atmos ate Ace ainage, . Keep the stain on the slide for about 5 minutes for its action, Do not allow the stain to dry. Add a few drops of distilled water, if the stain dries, . Drain off the excess stain and wash the slide under gentle running tap water till excess stain is removed. . Allow the slide to dry at room temperature, Observe it first under low power and then under high power of compound microscope. 5. Observe and identify the different types of blood cells. Observation :- 1, The main cellular component of mammalian blood are the erythrocytes or RBCs. They are circular biconcave cells without a nucleus, The cells contain large amount of haemoglobin. 2. A number of leucocytes or WBCs are also-found. They are generally irregular in shape and show prominent nucleus. The leucocytes are divided in two main types i.e Granulocytes having « granular cytoplasm and Agranulocytes ( W.BCs with a clear non-granular. cytoplasm). Depending upon'the shape of nucleus and the nature of granules, the granulocytes are further divided into acidophils, basophils and neutrophils. The Agranulocytes are divided into two sub-types as lymphocytes and monocytes. . Thrombocytes (platelets) are also present in the blood. They are spindle shaped cells. However normally these are not visible in the casual preparations, Complete the following table after observing your slide. : ame : wsocytes Plays 4 significant vole in teanspot+ af vespi oo vy gases —Resisd fatectfons —Assoctcied with Allengic rreaclPons. Acidophils Xs ecrsele Wislamin sersotonin, heparsin = spyplved 19 inF lama seactions. Basophils 133 - Responsible Smisee) andfbody Pr oda’ Lymphocytes : oy hormonal | — mainly phay oCy —pestroy 4he | ae and dead ov fissae by Prag Secrete platete hie Paclors cubich 1 a Ve in aq Clotting a a -They also sea 3. What is the haemoglobin count for a normal healthy ik. White Bioed mA. ee. Rhages. ase derradatton. 5. Why is RBC enucleated? The...absence.........0f.....nucleas.. Ces +o. Condrel..mp. au thePs... Patesned... SP Day geo Aans. pos. 6. What is stain? stain. fs..a dl scolestrgt SI ar stinquised fram, Ae fs found. apon....8 fo oder to Seb each 7.. What is the purpose of using Lgishman’s stain? Leishman’s..... SHa0n.,.19,.48ed... 59 blood 5... MLAS... Tb is. drttesenHale and dent Malaria paras and. CAPS panes 0, 135) ps. otetn male and female in humans? { "and ql BY ons SSCRPY fox 7 ase tn svcd ‘Multiple Choice Questions )) 120 days b, 12 days 1. The life span of RBC is ©. 90 days 4. 100 days 2. The % of neutrophils among WBCs is 03% b.05% ©.251030% © Laon 3. Platelets are produced from special cells in the bone marrow called as -d blood cells b, thrombocytes LeciGjikaryocytes 4d. microkaryocytes 4. The two main types of lymphocytes are _. b. neutophils and T-lymphocytes 4. monocytes and B-lymphocytes c. lymph cells and WBCs ‘LaB-Tymphocytes and T-lymphocytes 5. The WBCs with twisted nucleus are __ a bophils b, lymphocytes c. eosinophills d. neutrophils Remark and Signature of Teacher .. according lo <1Pp

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