EX) eronmer sone Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action, not the doer(s). Tom eats a pear. Does Tom eat a pear? Isa pear eaten by Tom? Tom ate a pear. Did Tom eat a pear? A pear was eaten by Tom. Was a pear eaten by Tom? Tom is eating a pear. Is Tom eating a pear? ‘A pear is being eaten by Tom Is a pear being eaten by Tom? continuousbeing + ppt imple is /am/are + ppt*| present Simple _ [was / were + ppt past Present fis/am/are + continuousbeing + ppt Past |was / were + ‘Tom was eating a pear. Was Tom eating a pear? ‘A pear was being eaten by Tom Was a pear being eaten by Tom? ‘Tom has eaten a pear, Has Tom eaten a pear? ‘A pear has been eaten by Tom. Has a pear been eaten by Tom? Tom is going to eat a pear. Is Tom going to eat a pear?| ‘A pear is going to be eaten by Tom Is a pear going to be eaten by Ton’? Tom will eat a pear. Will Tom eat a pear? ‘A pear will be eaten by Tom Will a pear be eaten by Tom? Present [has / have + been perfect — |+ ppt “Be going to’ |be + going to + | lbe + ppt | Future |will+be + ppt | Modals __|can/ should / m H+ be + ppt jay | Tom should eat an apple. Should Tom eat an apple? An apple should be eaten by Tom. Should an apple be eaten by Tom? * ‘ppt’ stands for past participle Expert Tips || [Simple present is /am/ are [Simple past was / were Present continuous | is / am /are [Past continuous was / were Present perfect has / have “Be going to" be going to Future will [Modals FER RT can Common Errors ——= pat Incorrect Correct ‘The books(prd written by E. Hall. 7 The bookslisiwritten by E. Hall. XMarks, \ Date: ___—__ Ey core Test ‘Ada Is reading a news article. Read the choice of words given and circle the correct letters. A Schoolboy was Injured in a Car Accident :) A car accident (1) at the corner of Silver Road and Gold Road at about 8 a.m yesterday. A 14-year-old boy (2) down by a car on his way to school. Both the driver and the boy (3) and they (4) to hospital. The boy (5) at Silver Secondary School for a year. He (6) close to his school so he frequently walks to school. The conditions of both the driver and the boy (7) yet. Luckily, no one (8) in the accident. Police say no alcohol or drugs (9). However, the main cause of the accident (10). The boy’s mother was worried. ‘I hope my son (11) from the hospital soon.” Police (12) any witnesses to the accident to call Officer Evans Leung on 4400-0099. 1. A.occurred 5. A. studies 9. A. involved B. has occurred B. has been studying B, was involved C. was occurred C. had been studying C. were involved 2. A. knocked 6. A. lives 10. A. does not know B, has knocked B. is living B. is still unknown C. was knocked C. has lived C. are still unknown 3. A. injured 7. A.are not released 11. A. has been discharged B. was injured B, have not been released B, will discharge C. were injured C. were not released |___ C.will be discharged 4. A.sent 8 A.killed 12. A. had been asking B, were sent B, was killed B. is asking C. have been sent C. were killed C. are askingBY crenmar Notes Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action, not the doer(s). ti tol ao has / have + been) Tom has eaten a pear. Has Tom eaten a pear? Tom had eaten a pear. Present perfect Past perfect Present + ppt*! had + been + ppt Had Tom eaten a pear? has / have + been) Tom has been eating a pear. ’ | A pear has been eaten by Tom Has a pear been eaten by Tom [A pear had been eaten by Tom, Had a pear been eaten by Tom? A pear has been being eaten by Ton, perfect +being+ppt |Has Tom beeneatinga _| Has a pear been being eaten by continuous*” pear? Tom? Past had + been ‘Tom had been eating a pear.| A pear had been being eaten by Tom perfect |+being+ppt |Had Tom been eatinga | Had a pear been being eaten by continuous*?| pear? Tom? Future — [will+be+ppt | Tom will eat a pear. A pear will be eaten by Tom. Will Tom eat a pear? Will a pear be eaten by Tom? Future | will +be+ Tom will be eating a pear. | A pear will be being eaten by Tom. continuous | being + ppt Will Tom be eating a pear? Will a pear be being eaten by Tom? Future perfect will + have + been + ppt Tom will have eaten a pear! A pear will have been eaten by Tom ‘Will Tom have eaten a pear?| Will a pear have been eaten by Tom? ‘*'“ppt’ stands for past participle * The present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous are seldom used, another way of expressing the same 20 Expert Tips idea usually being substituted Present perfect has /have | + | been [Past perfect had + [been Der Present perfect continuous | has /have | + | been [+] being [+ |~ppe Past perfect continuous _| had + [been [+ [being [| ppr Future will + [be =f ppe Future continuous will + [be [+] being [+ | ppt Future perfect willhave | + | been + [ppt = =| Subject (receiver) _ | Passive verb Object (doer) A book is torn by _| the bo ae ——] © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Leve! 3By ooze test ‘Ada is writing an article for her school newsletter. Read the choice of words given and circle the correct letters. A Terrible Night It was a terrible night. Typhoon Signal Number Eight (1) for three hours. Lightning (2) and thunder (3). The rain (4) down in torrents. I (5) the television. It (6) that a landslide (7) near my home and a big old tree (8) down by the strong wind. The news reporter said, ‘A car parked beside the tree (9) and the driver inside (10). He (11) to hospital at about 9:15 p.m.’ My heart pounded! Was the man my dad? I (12) him twice but no one had answered. Suddenly, the phone (13). I picked up the phone with a trembling hand. ‘Sweetie, I (14) in the office and I’m afraid I have to come back late,’ Dad said. ‘That's fine, Dad. Take care.’ I (15) relieved. 1. A-had hoisted 6. A. reported TL, A.sent B. has been hoisted B. was reported B. was sent C. had been hoisted C. had reported C. had sent 2. A.striked 7. A.occurred 12. A.called B. stroke B, was occurred B. have called C. struck C. had occurred C. had called 3. A. roared 8. A-has blown 13. A. rang B. was roared B. had blown B. was rung C. had roared C. had been blown C. had rung 4, A. poured 9. A.damaged 14. A.am still B. was poured B. had damaged B. was still C. had poured C. was damaged C. were still 5. A, opened 10. A. burt 15. Avam —- B. tumed on B. had hurt B. was J C. was turned on C.was hurt C. were L__Cwee | i © Kidz Education reading 45 Level 3EB eenier Neves Impersonal passive: It is said / believed / known / reported that ... ... is /are said / believed / known / reported to ... Active Passive People say that children are afraid of ghosts. | It is said that children are afraid of ghosts, Children are said to be afraid of ghosts. People believe that China has the largest It is believed that China has the largest population in the world. population in the world. China is believed to have the largest population in the world. People know that lions are fierce. It is known that lions are fierce. Lions are known to be fierce. Expert Tips A. Impersonal passive in relative clauses: ‘Active [Passive Pregnant women should quit caffeine. | Pregnant women should quit caffeine, People believe that caffeine increases which is believed to increase the risk the risk of miscarriage. of miscarriage. B. When the doer is unknown or it is not necessary to mention the doer: Active Passive ‘Somebody stole the money. Everybody welcomes the shop. ‘Nobody has found the key. | We should take medicine on time. People wear red at Chinese New Year. The money was stolen. The shop is welcomed. The key has not been found, Medicine should be taken on time, Red is worn at Chinese New Year. ——— Cloze & Proofreading 45 lev. +‘Ada is reading an article in a magazine. Read the choice of words given and circle the correct letters. The Eiffel Tower, which (1) after its ‘constructor’, (2) in March 1889. It has come (3) @ global icon of France. (4) 324 metres tall, the tower (5) to be the tallest building in Paris. It (6) that over 6 million visitors from all over the world climb it every year. ‘The tower has three levels for visitors. The first and second levels are accessible by li ift or stairs, while the highest level (7) by stairs. Tickets (8) at the bottom of the tower. Throughout these years, the tower has attracted a lot of challenges. For instance, 1n 1926, an aviator (9) flying under the tower. In 1964, two mountaineers climbed the tower (10) the tower's 75® anniversary, and the event (11). In 2002, Hugues Richard (12) his record for climbing the tower on his mountain-bike. 1. A.named ‘A. also knows 9. A.killed B. is named B. is also known B. was killed C. was named C. has also known C. has been killed 2 A.built A. reports 10. A. celebrate B. is built B. is reported B. celebrated C. was built C. has reported C. to celebrate 3. Abe ‘A. does not access Tri, A. broadcast B.tobe B. is not accessed B, was broadcast C. being C. are not accessed C. was broadcasted 4. A. Stand A. purchase 12. A. wrote B. Stands B. is purchased B. broke C. Standing C. are purchased Chad © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 3A. If: To talk about possibilities (#etHit®)) [Conditional [Condition Remark Example Type 0 General truths If + present, | present If you heat ice, it melts, (100%) and scientific facts (KERMA Type 1 Possibilities in| If + present, | future If am sick, I will see (©80%) | the present or in a doctor. the future (FRR OIE) Type 2 Tmaginary or Tf + past, would Tfl were a bird, I would (0%) unreal situations fly in the sky. we use in the present or ‘Sue is in a meeting. If ‘were’ instead | in the future she were free now, she lof was’ (BIRR EAA HE would talk to you. BERIT BD Type 3 Past events that If + had ppt*,| would have |IfI had been free last (0%) did not happen ppt Sunday, I would have (RBARABEN eee gone to your party. * ‘ppt’ stands for past participle B. ‘Wish + sentence: We would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation. Regrets (SiS 05H) | Wishes (FARRAR) [Simple present Dad smokes. I wish Dad did not smoke. Tam sick. T wish I were not sick. Simple past I lost my pen. I wish I had not lost my pen. 7 Twas sick. Twish I had not been sick. Present continuous _ | Dad is smoking. T wish Dad were not smoking. Present perfect Dad has smoked. T wish Dad had not smoked. Future actions ‘Tom can’t / won't come. | I wish Tom could / would come. ‘Be going to” It is going to rain. T wish it were not going to rain. © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 3Cloze Test ‘ada and Jessie are in a shopping centre. Read the choice of words given and circle the correct letters. Ada: This is such a beautiful party dress. If I (1) enough money, | (2) it. Poor me. I wish I (3) it at my birthday party next month. Jessie: You don’t have money?! Your mother indulges you so much. If you (4) her tonight, you surely (5) it. ‘Ada: I don't want to ask her. She has just lost a lot of money in the stock market. Jessie: If (6) money, I (7) you some now. I’m so sorry. Ada: That's very sweet of you. Let’s go now. Jessie: By the way, have you prepared your birthday party yet? Ada: Not yet. I was too busy in the past few weeks for our exam, If I (8) last week, 1(9) a party room. I checked with the Clubhouse this morning but all the party rooms were full. I wish someone (10) a party for me, me, Jessie: Your dream can come true! Look at this poster! If you (11) | suvem their package, they (12) a fall party planning service for you. onan eee Look at this photo. Isn’t it a lovely poolside party” ered Ada: Excellent! Then we only need to wear our swimsuits and I don’t need any party dress any more. 1. A-have 4, A.ask ‘A. will lend 10. A. has prepared B. had B. asked B. would lend B. have prepared C. had had C. had asked C. would have lent C. had prepared 2 A. buy 3, A. will get ‘A donot forget. 11. buy B. will buy B. would get B. did not forget B. bought C. would buy C. would have got C. had not forgotten C. had bought DA willwear [6 A have ‘A have booked 12. A. will provide B, would wear B. had B. would book B, would provide C. should wear| _C- had had. C.would have booked] _C. wouldhaveprovided Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 3 3 ff ‘\ c= The Present Perfect Tense (FEA Tense __ [Usage 7 Meaning Signal word Example Present — | (1) Recent happenings already, just, yet, My father has bought a car a perfect (BEB) recently, lately, so far, recently. sally’: in the last few days She lil (2) Actions which have just [for ( —FRE8(&), Thave studied for 3 hours, sally stopped (Ba@yent) since (#4) (completed now) sh ese (3) A period until now for, since (unfinished), | Mr White has been in (SERe) ever, never, once, _ | Hong Kong for 10 years, One d how many times Thave never been to Japan| ‘mirror Howe 1/You/We/They | have statements swum. never He / She /It has Have | 1/ you / we /th id lave | 1/ you / we / they questions (?) swum? Pi Has_| he/she /it tae Sally Revision ple present ] Present continuous Sit Le 1 truths (m) ongoing (iE) [past actions future actions | recent happenings habits (#18) [showing (ie) (B®) (BRR) timetables (#$19%)| changes (#1t" Jyesterday [thoughts (si) [already |__ every arrangements [last (week) |tomorrow just 2. always (EHR) —_|(two years) ago |next / later i ‘ usually now this morning soon / shortly lately Be frequently atthe moment —_ fin 1999 in a minute aaa -— often at present lonce upon atime|hope/swear | for sometimes | Look! promise since seldom Listen! If..., will... /ever once | rarely Be careful! Unless .., will. ] nee , Hi ! or... will 1.7Y times never lurry up! 2 Of Will Thow long once a week will ~ until | pefore © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 3 s NS «Ecce Test ally's favourite colour was pink. She (1) all her things in pink. She liked (2) them with embellishments such as stickers and stones. sally had a sister (3) Patty. Patty liked plain and simple things. Sally (4) happy with this. She said, ‘She wears only black. | have (5) to teach her but she is just too stubborn.” One day, Sally went out with her family for dinner. Sally (6) a pink dress. She looked in a mirror and said proudly, ‘I (7) like a princess now.” However, a terrible accident (8). A waiter spilled soup onto Sally's dress. She said, ‘I (9) never (9) so embarrassed. | (10) to go home now.’ Immediately, they (11) and left the restaurant, Sally took a shower and (12) on her pyjamas. She opened the door and found Patty (13) outside the bathroom. Patty said, “I (14) just (14) a sandwich for you! Try it!” Sally (15) ashamed. ‘Now I (16) that what we wear is not as important as a kind heart.’ 1 Achas 5. A.try 9. A.do...feel |13. A. waited B. had B. tryed B. did ... feel B. waiting C. was having C. tried C. have .., felt C. waiting 2. A.decorate |6. A. weared 10. A. wants 14. A. did ... make B. decorateing B. woar B. want B. have ... made| C. decorating C. wore CC. am wanting Chad ... made 3. A.name 7. A. looked 11. A. payed 15. Avis B. named B. am looking B. paied B. was C. was named C. have looked C. paid C. was be 4. A. did not 8. A. happened 12. A. put 16. A. know B. was not B. was happened B. putted B. am knowing C. was not be C. was happening C. had put C. will know ~ © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 2 9Day 5 BY éronmar Notes 10 fe The Present Perfect Tense (2) EA ida du = simple past tense Base verb__| Simple past | Past participle [ Base verb ‘Simple past Past participle drink drank drunk ‘watch ‘watched ‘watched swim swam swum jog jogged _| jogged sing sang sung catch’ caught caught begin began begun teach taught taught sink (3%) | sank sunk buy bought —_| bought ring (#) rang rung bring brought brought shrink (We#@) | shrank | shrunk fight fought fought simple present +-n /-en /-ne think thought | thought Base verb _ | Simple past | Past participle] | seek sought sought eat ate eaten sell sold sold fall fell fallen hear heard heard see saw fea hold held held drive drove driven keep kept kept take took taken feed fed fed shake shook shaken pay paid paid tise rose risen lay laid laid draw drew drawn spit (tt) spat spat throw threw thrown spin (i888) | spun spun aon mer orn bleed (fist) | bled bled do did done aad found found a ee gone found (2%) | founded | founded write ‘wrote written wind (8) [wound — | wound ride rode ridden wound ('8) | wounded | wounded simple past +-n /-en special cases Base verb _| Simple past | Past participle) | Base verb _| Simple past [Past participle] wear ‘wore worn run ran ~ run tear tore torn come came come break broke broken fly flew flown choose chose chosen beat beat beaten freeze froze frozen lie GBF) | lay lain hide hid hidden lie (Wi) | lied lied bite bit bitten hang (#) | hung hung forget forgot forgotten hang (@) _|hanged [hanged © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level >Bo Test ‘Tony is reading an article in a magazine. ead the choice of words given and underline the correct options. Ask Dr Tang T(1) (turned / have turned / am turning ) 18 ina few months’ time. What are some things I should have done before I am 18? Simon. Dear Simon, Adulthood is different from childhood. Are you anxious about (2) (urn /1to turn / turning ) 18 or are you looking forward (3) ( fo be / to being / being ) an adult? 1(4) (think /am thinking / have thought ) of six things you should do before you turn 18, Remember: you can do them at any time in your life! A. (5)(Doyou ever try /Did you ever try / Have you ever tried ) swimming? (6) ( Swim / To swim / Swimming ) is fun and inexpensive. It is good for health too. B. (1)(Doyow read / Did you read / Have you read ) all the classic children’s books yet? Borrow them (8) (in /from /with ) the library! C. When was the last time you (9) (take /took /have taken ) family pictures? Take a picture with your family now! D. Where are your old toys and clothes? Consider (10) ( give /10 give / giving ) them away to needy children. E. (11) (Do you sell / Did you sell / Have you sold ) flags recently? Remember (12) (join /t0 join / joining ) a flag-selling day next time! F. (13) (Do you know / Did you know / Have you known ) how to cook? 1(14) (learn / learnt / have learnt ) cooking since I was 16. Perhaps itis time for you to learn some simple dishes and how to look after yourself. Have a great 18 birthday. I hope (15) ( hear / to hear /to hearing ) from you soon! Dr Tang & © Kidz Education Cloze & Proofreading 45 Level 2 ll