HOUSING REVIEWER 9.
) Slum growth – Low rent → Increase in population
Introduction Factors that Contribute to Housing
◉House- Is a building or structure that has the ability
Problems
to be occupied for habitation by humans Urbanization
- Other terms for the house: Dwelling, Shelter, High population growth
Home Politics and governance issues
Urban poverty (Standard of Living)
◉Unite d’ habitation- considered one of the first -Cost of Living
multi-story dwellings -Basic Needs
-Salary Rate
◉Alejandro Aravena ( Housing )
Migration
“Incremental” Quinta Monroy Lack of income and employment
Housing in Chile in 2004
Settlement size – Hierarchy of
Aravena and the Elemental
group are known for building
Settlements
“incremental housing,” a form
◉ Settlement- general term used in archaeology,
of basic affordable housing in
geography, landscape history, and other subjects for a
economically vibrant urban
permanent or temporary community in which people
locations and realized in part with government
live, without being specific as to size, population, or
subsidies. Called “half a good house”
importance.
◉ Economic Housing- It caters to wide variations, It
Single dwellings/ Isolated Dwelling
refers to housing units that are within the affordability
level of the average and low-income earners (0-5) - 3-5 Persons for a single dwelling.
- Negative side: Land consuming Hamlets (N<100) - Smaller than a village &
◉ Housing backlog- Manila 56 %, 3.7 million units strictly one without a church.
Overview of the Philippines Situation Villages (10,000>N>) - Small community in a
rural area.
1.) Less Assisted Housing
2.) Backlog Catch up
Towns (100,000>N<10,000)- Populated
3.) Funding Shortage area with fixed boundaries and a local
4.) Rapid pace of urbanization government.
5.) Urbanization demands housing Cities (N>300,000)- Cities generally have
Jobs, not decentralized- Job opportunities are not extensive systems for housing, transportation,
equal. Manila has the greatest number of job sanitation, utilities, land use, production of
opportunities goods, and communication.
6.) Government backlogs
7.) Spillover effects over the neighboring cities/ regions Conurbations ( 10M > 3M )– Extreme large
city consists of a group of metropolises,
8.) Housing projects are concentrated in Metro Manila, containing between three & ten million
Central Luzon, Southern Region. residents.
Population (Highest: Conurbation -Lowest: Settlement Function
Single Dwelling)
◉ Conurbations
◉ Cities
◉ Towns
◉ Villages
◉ Hamlets
◉ Single dwellings / Isolated Dwelling
Industrial Towns
1. have railways and canals for transport
2. housing and industry mixed together –
3. Newer industrial town planning ensures the housing
and industry are apart.
Market Towns
Settlement Shapes
1. Found in fertile farming sites
2. Many services e.g. shops and offices
3. Good transport links – often they are route centers
Ports Rural vs Urban
Urban Rural
◉ Demographics
-Heterogeneous Population -Families
-Ethnicities -Similar Ethnicities
-Cultures -Fewer Cultural Influences
◉ Land Area & Usage
-Expansive -Self Contained
-Wide Range -Zoning Controls
-Density Zoning -Planning and Development Regulations
◉ Population Density
-More than 50,000 -Less than 2,500 people
-500-1000 people per sq. mile -1-999 People per square mile
◉ Transportation Network
-Highway Infrastructure -Local roads
1. Found where there are sheltered harbors
-Airports -Limited interconnectivity
-Light and Heavy Rail / Train
2. Flat land for building on nearby
system
3. Modern ports need deeper water for today’s larger ◉ Economy
-Dependent on Global -Local & Agricultural Services
ships -Nearby Urban Centers
Economy
-Import and Export
4. Many ports have gone through a lot of
redevelopments
Urban
Seaside Resorts
Urban settlements are based on one or a combination
of criteria, including population size, population
density, and social and economic factors, such as the
proportion of the labor force engaged in non-
agricultural activities.
Urbanization
Rapid urban growth reflects the migration of people to
cities as well as the natural population increase among
urban residents.
In 1975, only 27% of the people in the developing world
lived in urban areas.
1. Close to industrial areas with large populations, with
good rail and roads Megacities
2. On the sea−front are hotels and entertainment such Growing number of cities with over 10 million
as pubs and bingo inhabitants are known as megacities.
3. Guest houses are found inland where the land is As the map "Largest Urban Agglomerations" shows, just
cheaper to buy three cities had populations of 10 million or more in
1975, one of them in a less developed country.
4. Housing is found further inland, with industry on the Megacities numbered 16 in 2000. By 2025, 27
outskirts - Promenades pedestrian roads along the front megacities will exist, 21 in less developed countries.
of the resort
◉ Demographic Challenges
A key problem is that most of the rapid urban growth is
taking place in countries least able to cope – in terms of
the ability of governments to provide, or facilitate the
provision of, urban infrastructure; in terms of the ability
of urban residents to pay for such services and in terms
of resilience to natural disasters. The outcome of this
has been the rapid growth of urban slums and squatter
settlements. Close to 1 billion people or 32 % of the
world’s current urban population, live in slums in
inequitable and life-threatening conditions, and are
directly affected by both environmental disasters and
Growth of Urban Agglomerations social crises.
◉ Environment Challenges
It is predicted that with urbanization, climate change
will negatively affect access to water and that hundreds
of millions of people will be vulnerable to coastal
flooding and related natural disasters as global
warming increases. The poorest countries and people
will be the most vulnerable to this threat and who will
suffer the earliest and the most. The dependence on oil
of urban settlements is also a major environmental
concern. Sprawling and low-density settlements prove
Urban Poor to encourage the use of fossil fuel compared to high-
World Bank estimates that, worldwide, 30% of poor density communities. Vehicle emissions contribute
people live in urban areas. significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and hence
global warming.
Most of the urban poor live in slums and squatter
settlements, without adequate access to clean water,
sanitation, and health care.
◉ Three problems commonly encountered by the
Urban Poor:
1. Insufficient Incomes
2. Inadequate Housing and Services
3. Health Burdens
Current and Future Urban Challenges
Demographic, environmental, economic and socio-
spatial factors must be studied to fully understand the
development of 21st century cities and utilize this
information for future urban planning. It also needs to
recognize the changing institutional structure of cities
and the emerging spatial configurations of large,
multiple-nuclei or polycentric, city-regions.
