17.

SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

The School of Basic Medical Sciences consists of the Departments of Anatomy, Endocrinology, Genetics, Medical
Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology and Physiology.

Along with the establishment of Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (PGIBMS), the division of Medical
Biochemistry was first established in March 1968. In January 1969, the divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics came into being.
Subsequently, all these divisions became independent departments. Later, the PGIBMS was expanded in 1976 when the Taramani
campus started functioning, with the addition of the departments of Microbiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology
and Physiology. The third phase of expansion of PGIBMS was in 1977, when the departments of Anatomy and Pathology were
added. All departments are involved in active research, training Ph.D. students and offering postgraduate degree programmes.

The department of Anatomy offers M.Sc. Anatomy and M.S. Neuroscience programmes. It is a DST-FIST supported
department carrying out research in neural transplantation, cortical localization, and neuro-electrophysiology in primates and
comparative neuroanatomy of primates including man,. The department has a well-equipped aseptic operation theatre, tissue
processing laboratory, neuroimmunology laboratory, rare collections of histological slides, audio-visual teaching aids and video and
audio cassette library. It has several sophisticated equipment like cryostat, vibrotome, microscope, fluorescent microscope, stereo
zoom microscope, neonatal incubator, surgical diathermy, bio-monitor, X-ray machine, electro-physiological unipolar cortical
stimulator etc.

The department of Endocrinology is a research department recognized by UGC for Departmental Research Support under
UGC Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP-DRS-I) to facilitate research in the following thrust areas since 1999.(1)
Reproductive and Molecular Endocrinology and (2) Environmental Endocrinology. The UGC-SAP-DRS-II programme is in
operation since 2004. UGC has also selected this department for its Assistance for Infrastructural development in science and
technology (ASIST) since April 2005 to create infrastructure for offering the new M.Sc. Biomedical Science programme and for
research in Environmental Endocrinology and Hormone Toxicity. The Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India has
selected the department for infrastructural and equipment facilities for Research indents FIST programme from 2000 onwards. In
addition to this, the department is funded by various National Agencies such as DBT, CSIR, DST, DAE, ICMR and UGC. The
department undertakes research works involving evaluation of hormones and receptors at the level of genes, in endocrines,
reproductive, bone and metabolic disorders and cancer. The department has sophisticated equipments like electroporator, PCR
machine, ELISA reader, CO 2 incubators, vacuum concentrator, ion-exchange chromatography, double beam spectrophotometer,
spectrofluorimeter, research microscopes with fluorescence, phase contrast and photography, electrophoretic and blotting systems,
inverted microscope, stereo zoom microscope, ultra deep freezers, rotary vacuum flash evaporator, cell culture facility and
temperature and light controlled animal room facility. The department has BARC recognized radioisotope laboratory. The
department also offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes in Endocrinology and two elective papers for M.Sc. CBCS students and a
P.G. Diploma in Applied Endocrinology.

The department of Genetics is supported under DST-FIST programme. The faculty members pursue basic and applied
research in frontier areas of Genetics that has direct/indirect bearing on health care. The areas of interest include clinical
cytogenetics (mental retardation, infertility and birth defects), molecular and biochemical genetics (lysosomal storage disorders,
hearing, visual and speech disorders), molecular biology (intron-exon organization, DNA-drug genotoxicity, evaluation and search
for potential antimutagens, occupational risk assessment etc.). The department offers postgraduate research programmes leading to
M.Sc. (Biomedical Genetics and Molecular Biology), M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees. The department has animal house, cold room,
departmental library and a centralized instrumentation facility, which includes thermo cyclers, transilluminator, spectrophotometer,
refrigerated centrifuges, DNA sequencer, fluorescence microscope etc. The department also offers consultancy services on genetic
counseling, clinical cytogenetics, genetic toxicology evaluation of suspected compounds and molecular and biochemical diagnosis
of lysosomal disorders.

The department of Medical Biochemistry offers M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry. It is a UGC-SAP-DRS I and DST-FIST
supported department specializing in metabolic free radical mediated diseases including Diabetes mellitus, artherosclerosis,
alcoholism, kidney stone disease, cancer, ageing and biochemical toxicology. The facilities of the department include various
sophisticated instruments including Scintilation counter, Double beam UV spectrophotometers, spectrofluorimeter, epiflurescence
microscope, ultracentrifuge, super speed refrigerated centrifuges, ELISA readers, deep freezers, equilibrium dialyzers,
electrophoresis units, thin layer and column chromatographic systems. The department offers expert consultancy in clinical
biochemistry in selected areas of metabolic disorders and kidney stone disease.

The department of Microbiology offers M.Sc. Medical Microbiology and M.D. Microbiology and is a UGC-SAP-DRS-I
and DST-FIST department. The faculty members do research in medical microbiology (diarrhoeal diseases, new diarrhoea
pathogens, respiratory pathogens, hospital acquired bacterial, fungal and viral infections; sequelae; Herpes keratitis; AIDS.
Immunology (development of diagnostic kits for microbial characterization of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens by RFLP,
cloning and sequencing and development of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents from medicinal plants and marine
organisms; Indigenous development of vaccines; Evaluation of industrial products like vaccines, drugs, devices, kits, disinfectants
etc. The facilities of the department include tissue culture systems; antigen & antibody purification and characterization;
preservation of microbial cultures; In vitro and in vivo laboratory models for drug and vaccine development; design and conduction
of clinical trials, evaluation etc. The sophisticated equipments of the department are : ELISA systems, HPLC, UV- vis
spectrophotometer, UV- Transilluminator with photography, PCR – Systems, Ultracentrifuge and refrigerated centrifuge,
lyophiliser, luminometer, tissue culture laminar flow systems, environmental temperature controlled shakers, ice flaker, deep

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freezers, liquid nitrogen cylinders, different electrophoresis systems including blotting systems and chromatographic systems, CO 2
Incubator and water purification systems.

The department of Pathology offers M.D.Pathology and Diplomo in Clinical Pathology programmes. The faculty carry
out research in histopathology, immunology, haematology, haematopathology, immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridisation.
The facilities of the department are histopathology with frozen section facilities, histochemistry cytochemistry,
immunohistochemisstry in situ hybridization for viral DNA and RNA. The department is a referral centre for
immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. The department is also a WHO training centre for immunohistochemistry and
cytochemistry.

The department of Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology offers M.Sc. Environmental toxicology and
M.D.Pharmacology and is a UGC- SAP- DRS-I AND DST-FIST department. The faculty members carryout intensive research in
experimental pharmacology, phytopharmacology, traditional medicine formulations, immuno-pharmacology and toxicology,
neuropharmacology and toxicology, cardiovascular pharmacology, aquatic toxicology, environmental toxicology and food
toxicology. The expertise and facilities can be used for screening of pharmacological as well as toxicological profile of drugs and
medicinal plants as well as toxicology evaluation of specific environmental pollutants. The department has the sophisticated
equipment of florescence spectrophotometer, high pressure liquid chromatography, UV visible spectrophotometer, soft laser
screening densitometer, refrigerated centrifuge, thin layer chromatography system, high speed kymograph for anesthetized animal
experiments, physiograph, electro cardio graph, rota-rod, actophotometer, electrophoresis unit, flame photometer, liquid nitrogen
cylinder etc.

The department of Physiology offers M.Sc. Physiology programme. The faculty members carry out research in the areas
of neuroimmunomodulation, stress physiology, liver regeneration, cassava studies and medical / laboratory instrumentation. The
facilities of the department include recording of basic physiological data, behavioral studies in small animals, all common
biochemical investigations, all haematological investigations, computer facility for physiological data acquisition etc. The
sophisticated instruments of the department are HPLC (Waters) with ECD detector, spectroflurometer, UV- visible
spectrophotometer, flame photometer, single channel strip chart recorder (physiograph), 8-Channel physiological data recorder
(Polyrite), Single Channel ECG recorder, deep freezers, laminar flow hood, ultrasonic disintegrator etc.

Faculty

Dr. A. Ramesh, Ph.D. - Chairperson

Anatomy

V. Sankar, Ph.D. - Lecturer & Head in-charge

S. Prakash, Ph.D. - Lecturer
R.Rameshkumar - Lecturer
Endocrinology

M. Michael Aruldhas,
M.Phil., Ph.D. - Professor and Head
N. Srinivasan, M.Phil., Ph.D. - Professor
K. Balasubramanian,
M.Phil., Ph.D. - Professor
J. Arunakaran, M.Phil., Ph.D. - Lecturer
B. Ravisankar, M.Phil., Ph.D. - Lecturer

Genetics

A. Ramesh, Ph.D. - Professor and Head

S.T. Santhiya, M.Phil., Ph.D. - Professor
Malathy Raghunathan, Ph.D. - Professor
G. Jayaraman, Ph.D. - Reader
A. K. Munirajan, Ph.D. - Reader
N. Chandra, M.Phil., Ph.D. - Lecturer

Medical Biochemistry

P. Varalakshmi, Ph.D. - Professor and Head

C. Panneerselvam, Ph.D. - Professor
D. Sakthisekaran, Ph.D. - Professor
P. Sachithanandam, Ph.D. - Professor
P. Kalaiselvi, Ph.D. - Lecturer
T.Sumathi, Ph.D. - Lecturer

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Microbiology

T. Sundarraj, Ph.D. - Professor and Head

P. Rajendran, Ph.D. - Professor
Thangam Menon, Ph.D. - Professor
R. Elanchezian, Ph.D. - Professor
Padma Krishnan, Ph.D. - Lecturer
S.Srivani - Lecturer
Pathology

Rama Gopalan, M.D. - Professor and Head

P. Shanthi, M.D. - Professor
K. Rekha, M.D. - Lecturer

Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology

R. Venkatakrishnamurali, M.D., Ph.D.- Professor and Head

S.L. Maheswari, Ph.D. - Professor
M.P. Balasubramanian, Ph.D. - Professor
S. Karthikeyan, Ph.D. - Sr.Lecturer
P.Senthilkumaran Ph.D. - Lecturer

Physiology

R. Sheela Devi, Ph.D. - Lecturer and Head in-charge

R. Ravindran, Ph.D. - Lecturer

M.Sc. BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras
Taramani Campus, Chennai – 600 113
M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry

Course Contents
Course No. Course title C L T P Credit
/ s
E
I Semester
BMS –C001 Chemistry of Biomolecules C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C002 Biophysical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C003 Cellular Biochemistry C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C004 Practical I C - - 4 4
Elective E 2 1 - 3
Elective E 2 1 - 3
UOM S 001 Soft skill S 2
II Semester
BMS –C005 Food Sciences and Nutrition C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C006 Principles of Immunology C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C007 Macromolecular Biosynthesis C 3 1 - 4
BMS –C008 Practical II C - - 4 4
Elective E 2 1 3
Elective E 2 1 - 3
UOM S 002 Soft skill S 2
Internship S 2
III Semester
BMS –C009 Enzymes and Enzyme Technology C 3 1 - 4
BMS –C010 Molecular Physiology and Cell signaling C 3 1 - 4
BMS –C011 Medical Biotechnology C 3 1 - 4
BMS –C012 Practical III C - - 4 4
Elective E 2 1 3
Elective E 2 1 - 3
UOM S 003 Soft skill S 2

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 IV Semester
BMS –C013 Hormonal Biochemistry C 3 1 - 4
BMS –C014 Metabolic and Gene Regulation C 3 1 - 3
BMS –C015 Molecular basis of diseases C 3 1 - 4
UOM S 004 Soft skill S 2
BMS –C016 Project C 3 - - 6
Elective Courses
BMS –E001 Principles of Biochemistry – I E 2 1 - 3
BMS –E002 Principles of Biochemistry –II E 2 1 - 3
BMS –E003 Intermediary Metabolism* E 2 1 - 3

C- Core E- Elective L – Lecture T – Tutorial P – Practical

* - Compulsory Elective

FIRST SEMESTER
BMS –C001- CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES

Core Course

Unit – I

INTRODUCTION : Chemistry of Monomeric Units of Polysaccharides, Proteins and Nucleic acids (structure
and function only). Isolation and purification of Polysaccharides, Proteins and Nucleic acids, Determination of molecular
Weight and shape of Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids.

Unit – II

POLYSACCHARIDES: General Methods of investigating the structure, methylation, acetylation, graded

degradation of acid hydrolysis, enzymic hydrolysis and periodate oxidation methods.

Homoglycans: Occurrence, structure, isolation, purification, properties and biological functions of glycans.
A brief account of chitin, nectans, mannans, xylans, galactans and galacturonans.

Heteroglycans and Complex carbohydrates: Occurrence ,structure, isolation, purification, properties and
biological functions of mucopolysaccharides, bacterial cell wall Polysaccharides, sialic acids and blood group
substances. A brief account of Polysaccharides with xylane backbone, Polysaccharides with glucose and manose
backbone and Polysaccharides with galactose backbone. Chemical synthesis of Polysaccharides

Unit III – PROTEIN -I

Terminology : Peptide bond, peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. Protein as biological machinery
(functions)

Structure: Primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins and its determination. Conformation of protein
structure and its study with absorption of spectroscopy, polarization spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction methods.
Peptide synthesis, organization of amino acids in peptide chain, organization of peptide chain in protein,
Ramachandran’s plot. Determination of amino acid sequence- insulin.

Classification of Proteins:

Fibrous proteins, structure of α keratin, collagen and filamentous proteins, Globular proteins- structure and
function of hemoglobin. Properties of proteins in aqueous solutions: isoelectric pH, acid base properties,
electrophoretic mobility, influence of ionic concentration on the protein solubility, hydrolysis of proteins, denaturation and
renaturation of proteins, protein stability

UNIT – IV- PROTEIN – II

Lysozyme- A case study – structure, enzymic activity, mechanism of action, the ionization state of side chains
and denaturation of lysozyme. Metalloprotein- A case study- The biological periodic table, the relative importance of the
metal and protein components of metalloprotein; a hierarchy of behaviour from metal to metalloprotein.

Unit V

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 NUCLEIC ACIDS: structure, chemical and enzymic methods of sequence analysis, properties in
aqueous solutions, sedimentation behaviour, viscosity, hyper-chromic effect, melting point of DNA, hydrolysis of Nucleic
acids, hybridization techniques and chemical synthesis of Nucleic acids.
LIPIDS : Classification, properties, structure and functions; Lipoproteins- structure, composition and function.

Books Recommended :

1. Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27h edition, 2006
4. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New York,
USA, 2005
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by West and Todd, Fourth Edition, 1966
7. Chemistry of Natural Products, Volume I by Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing House, India 2002
8. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J L Jain, Sanjay Jain and Nitin Jain, Sixth Edition, S. Chand Publishers, India,
2005

BMS –C002 - BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL

TECHNIQUES
Core Course
Unit I

Physical properties of water, structure of water, hydrogen bonding, dipole moment, ionization of water, pH
scale, acids, bases and buffers, pH measurements

Bond angles, bond lengths, contact distances, asymmetry of right handed and left handed molecules

Osmotic pressure, osmolarity of fluids and electrolyte balance. Donnan membrane equilibrium, dialysis.
Surface tension and viscosity of blood.
Electrochemical techniques- principles of redox reactions, pH electrode, Clarke’s Oxygen electrode and their
applications.

Unit II

Centrifugation principles, basic principles and laws of sedimentation. Preparative and analytical
ultracentrifuges. Sedimentation equilibrium methods. Types of separation methods in preparative centrifuges.
Differential and density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of sub-cellular fractions. Estimation of purity of macromolecules
and detection of conformational changes.

General approaches to biochemical investigations. Organ and tissue slice technique. Cell disruption and
homogenizing techniques. Cell sorting and cell counting. Cryopresevation. Microscopy, Cytophotometryand Flow
cytometry, manometric techniques.

Unit III

Chromatography: Theory and practice, column chromatography, column efficiency and resolution. Types of
adsorption chromatography- hydroxyapatite chromatography and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC). Types
of partition chromatography- normal phase and reverse phase- liquid chromatography, chiral and counter current
chromatography. Paper chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography. Exclusion chromatography,
chromatofocussing, affinity chromatography. Principles and application of GLC, LC, LPLC and HPLC. Selection of
chromatographic systems.

Unit IV

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 Electrophoretic principles, support media, factors affecting electrophoresis. Types of electrophoretic
techniques-zonal and disc electrophoresis. High and low voltage electrophoresis. Principles and applications of PAGE.
Isoelectric focusing, Isotachophoresis, PFGE and capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic
acids.

Unit V

Spectroscopy: basic laws of light absorption, optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, X-ray diffraction.
UV and visible light spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry. Atomic flame photometry, Plasma emission spectroscopy,
infra-red spectrophotometry. Basic principles, instrumentation and application of mass spectrometry, Tandem mass
spectroscopy, ESR and NMR.
Radiochemical methods, basic concepts, detection, counting methods and applications, autoradiography,
Cerenkov radiation.
Enzymes monitoring techniques and assay methods.

Books Recommended:

1. Practical Biochemistry – Keith Wilson & John Walker, fifth edition, Cambridge Universtiy Press, UK (2000)
2. Analytical Biochemistry & Separation Techniques – Palanivelu third edition (2004)
3. Principles of Instrumental analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, fifth edition Published by Harcourt College
Publishers, Singapore (2001)
4. Enzymes Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry– Trevor Palmer, Published by Horwood
Publishing Chichester, UK (2001)
5. Biochemical calculations – Irwin H. Segel, second edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (1976)
6. Biochemistry, The Chemistry of Living cells – David E Metzler, second edition, Harcourt Academic Press,
USA, 2001

BMS –C003 – CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

Core Course

Unit-I
Plasma Membrane : Biochemical composition :Membrane proteins glycophorin, bacteriothodopsin, membrane
bound enzymes-cell surface antigens, Molecular organization, freeze fracture technique and fluid mosaic model, lipid
and protein fluidity and molecular mobility of proteins.

Isolation and characterization of plasma model membranes: isolation techniques for making multilamellar
vesicle, bilayer, reconstitution of proteins into vesicles, liposomes.

Unit-II
Mitochondria-Structure of mitochondria, inner and outer membrane, cristae, matrix aerobic respiration,
respiratory chain carriers, respiratory enzyme complexes and redox potential, inhibitors of respiratory chain,
uncouplers,.
Thermodynamic principles, Energy rich bonds, coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations, Bioenergetics.

Reconstitution experiments, theories on oxidative phosphorylation- Chemiosmotic hypothesis- loop

mechanism, respiratory control, inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation.
Microsomal electron transport: Components and function-cyt p450-biosynthesis of steroids and their
detoxification, oxidation of xenobiotics, microsomal hydroxylations and NADPH- dependent mixed function oxidation.

Unit-III:

Membrane transport: Small molecules, simple diffusion, Donnan equilibrium, diffusion of charged and
uncharged particles, Flick’s law, Nernst law passive transport.
Facilitated transport :Pores and channels-properties, carriers, specificity, ionophores
Transport proteins: Periplasmic binding proteins.

Active transport : Energy for active transport. Na pump models mechanisms, Ca pump, ATP dependent proton
pump.

Co-transport: Symport and Antiport; sodium dependent glucose transport aminoacids and calcium.

Unit-IV

Microtubules-Structure, function and assembly, Colchicine interaction- formation of centrioles, basal bodies
and mitotic spindle, cytokinesis.

Golgi apparatus: ultra structural organization – cisternae dictysomes: functions: exocytosis: Protein maturation
and modifications; sorting of proteins.

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 Ribosomes: Assembly of ribosomal sub units.

Lysosomes: formation and function- phagocytosis, nucleus-Nuclear envelope: pore complex: Nucleolus-
Structure and composition: Chromosome: Chromatin structure.

Nucleosome, histone and non histone proteins.

Unit-V

Vesicular traffic in the secretory and endocytic pathways-

Transport from a) the ER through Golgi apparatus b)Trans Golgi Network to Lysosomes

Mannose 6-Phosphate receptor shuttles

Transport in excitable cells. Internalization of macromolecules by phagocytosis, endocytosis and exocytosis.

Pinocytosis: Receptor mediated endocytosis- delivery of iron by transferring and infection.

The molecular mechanisms of vesicular transport and maintenance of compartmental diversity.

Books Recommended :

1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
2. Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
3. The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
4. Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
5. Biochemistry –Jeremy M Berg, John L Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, fifth edition, Published by WH Freeman
and Company, USA (2007).

BMS –C004 - Practical I

1. Preparation of buffers and titration curves for simple acids and amino acids
2. Separation Procedures
a. Separation of amino acids and sugars by paper Chromatography
b. Separation of aminoacids, protein and protein hydrolysate by Ion Exchange Chromatography
c. Separation of lipids by TLC
d. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
e. Separation of protein by Gel filtration
f. Separation of glycoprotein by PAGE and lipoprotein by Agar Gel Electrophoresis

1. Subcellular fractionation of a cell by differential centrifugation and assay of markers (any two fractions
sufficient)
Nucleus (DNA), Mitochondria (SDH), Cytosol (LDH), Lysosome (Acid phosphatase), Microsome (Glucose 6
phosphatase)

2. Biochemical Studies and Estimation of Macromolecules

a. Isolation and Estimation of Glycogen from liver
b. Isolation and Estimation of DNA from animal tissue
c. Isolation and Estimation of RNA from yeast
d. Separation of starch from plant source and assessment of its purity
e. Determination of N and C terminal aminoacids
f. Denaturation of DNA and UV absorption studies

3. Colorimetric Estimations
a. Estimation of pyruvate
b. Estimation of lactate
c. Estimation of Tryptophan

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d. Estimation of Total and Inorganic phosphate
e. Estimation of protein by Lowry's method

4. Fluorimetric Estimations
a. Estimation of vitamin - riboflavin, thiamine

Books Recommended:
1. Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
2. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
3. Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
4. Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
5. Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
6. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors,
India Sixth Edition (1988)

SECOND SEMESTER
BMS –C005 – Food Science and Nutrition
Core Course
Unit I
The meaning of food – Food habits – The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight - Determination – Food and
energy – Basal metabolic rate (BMR) – Factors influencing BMR – Respiratory quotient – Food value of different
commodities, conventional and novel sources of food.

Unit II
An overview of vitamins and minerals – function of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins – vitamin preparation,
enrichment and fortification – overload and criteria of food sources – functions of minerals – requirements of macro and
micro elements – under load and overload criteria for food sources. Antioxidants and oxidative stress

Unit III
Nutrition for infants, children and adults – nutrition in pregnancy and lactation. Nutrition in diseases (liver
disease, pancreatic insufficiency, obesity,
alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease) and malnutrition – Recommended daily dietary allowances.

Unit IV
Nutrition and Body’s defense – Dietary Guidelines for Disease Prevention, The Process of Cancer
Development, the body’s Defense system and Nutritional Therapy. Drug–Nutrient Interactions - Drug-Nutrient Problems
in Modern Medicine. Effects of Drugs on Food and Nutrients.

Unit V

Food Preparation and management – Food spoilage and Food preservation – Canning, Pressure canning,
Freezing, Lyophilization and ionizing radiation. Food Microbiology – Micro organisms as food and in food products –
Bacterial food poisoning and its prevention – Fermentation and fermented food products. Mycotoxins, aflatoxin, citrinin,
patulin and mycotoxicosis.

Books Recommended :

1. Techniques of Food Analysis – Andrew L Winton and Kate Barber Winton, Published by Agrobios (India) Ltd.,
(2001)
2. Human Nutrition and Dietitics, Garrow and James, Ninth Edition, Published by Churchill Livingstone Inc, USA
(1996)
3. Antioxidant Status, Diet, Nutrition and Health, Andreas M Pappas , Published by CRC Press, Washington DC (
1999)
4. Essentials of Nutrition & Diet Therapy 5th Edition – Sue Rodwell Williams.
5. Modern Nutrition in Health & Disease 8th Edition – Maurice E. Shils, James
A. Olson, Moshe Shike.
3. Nutritional Biochemistry by Tom Brody, Acadmic Press, USA (1994)
4. Principles of food science Part I Food Chemistry Ed. By O.R. Fennema

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5. Food Fundamentals Second Edition, Margaret Mc Williams.
6. Modern Nutrition in Health and disease. Wohl and Goodheart
7. Microbiology – principles and applications. John G. Creager, Jacquelyn G Black and Vee E Davison
8. Introduction to Nutrition, H. Fleck IV Ed.
9. The Science of food, by P.M.Gaman and B.Sherrington.

BMS –C006 - PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY

Core Course

Unit – I

Immunity: Innate and acquired immunity, antitoxic antibacterial and antiviral immunity – Self and non-self
discrimination – Structure and function of primary and secondary lymphoid organs – Phagocytic cells and their killing
mechanisms – Differentiation of stem cell and idiotypic variations.

Antigenicity: Antigens , autoantigens , blood group antigens, bacterial, viral and tumour antigens – Tissue
antigenic determinants – Haptens – Immunogens.

Unit – II

Immunoglobulins: Isolation of immunoglobulins – Basic structures, functions, classification and variations of

immunogobulins – Theories of imunoglobulin formation – Organisation and expression of immunoglobulin genes –
Generation of antibody diversity.

Anitgen – Antibody Interactions: Examples of antitoxins, opsonin, bacteriolysin, inflammatory process – Avidity
and specificity of antibody – Multivalent binding – Cross reactivity – Kinetics of antigen antibody reactions.

Unit – III

Cells of Immune system: T and B lymphocytes – T cell receptor diversity – T and B cells interactions –
Antigen processing and presentation – Kinetics of primary and secondary immune response.

Complement system: Complement activation and its biological consequences.

Production of vaccines and their uses.

Unit – IV

Immunological Techniques: Principle and titre of antisera – Precipiation, agglutination – Precipitation test –
Immunodiffusion – Immune adherence – Immuno electrophoresis – Immunofluorescence – Complement fixation test –
Widal test – VDRL test – Test for AIDS.

Hybridoma technique: Monoclonal antibody – merits and demerits – Recombinant antibodies, DNA vaccines –
Radioimmuno assay – Enzyme immunoassay – ELISA and EMIT – Immunotherapy.

Unit – V

Allergy and Hypersensitivity – Immediate Hypersenstitivity, Delayed Hypersensitivity.

Transplantation: Immunological response, HLA and other systems of human major histocompatability complex,
rejection mechanism.

Auto antibodies and autoimmune diseases.

Books Recommended :

1. Immunology : Janis Kuby fourth edition, W H Freeman Company,

USA (2000)
2. Essential Immunology : Ivan Roitt (Blackwell Science Publishers, UK, 1997)
3. A Hand Book of Practical Immunology : GP Talwar (Vikas Publishing
House, 1983)
4. Immunology : DN Weir
5. Fundamentals of Immunology : OG Veir and others
6. Essential Immunology : In: Rokno (Ellis Croom, Helar)
7. Hand Book of Experimental Immunology : DM Weir (Blackwell Scientific
Immunochemistry (Vol. IV) Publication, Chicago, 1986)

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8. An introduction to Immunology : CV Rao, I edition, Narosa Publishers, India (2002)

BMS –C007 - MACROMOLECULAR BIOSYNTHESIS

Core Course

Unit I Biosynthesis of nucleic acids

Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, modes of replication, experimental models, semi-conservative

replication of double stranded DNA, replication of circular DNA, central molecular dogma, reverse transcription

Unit II DNA Replication

Enzymology of DNA replication, action of gyrase, polymerization reactions and polymerases of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic systems, binding proteins, DNA ligase, DNases, events in the replication fork, termination, replication of
bacterial viruses, animal viruses, plasmids and mitochondrial DNA.

Unit III Transcription

Basic features of RNA synthesis, prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases, prokaryotic
and eukaryotic transcription - initiation, elongation and termination; classes of RNA molecules, mRNA,t RNA, rRNA:
biosynthesis, maturation, post-transcriptional processing and splicing mechanisms; hypersensitive sites and enhancers.

Unit IV Translation

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes, protein synthesis, genetic code, amino acid activation, initiation,
elongation and termination of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. Post-translational modification of proteins,
polysomes, coupled-transcription and translation. Inhibitors and modifiers of protein synthesis.

Unit V Proteoglycans and glycoprotein synthesis

Glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, keratin sulphate, heparin,
glycoprotein synthesis (N-linked oligosaccharide, role of dolichol carrier- oligosaccharide transferring enzyme, ER and
golgi apparatus, O-linked oligosaccharide synthesis with an example of mucin). Proteoglycans, mucoproteins, bacterial
cell wall- peptidoglycan framework N- and O- glycosidic protein – anti-freeze, glycoprotein and mucins.

Books Recommended :

1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
2. Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
3. The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
4. Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
5. Biochemistry –Jeremy M Berg, John L Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, fifth edition, Published by WH Freeman
and Company, USA (2007).

BMS –C008 - PRACTICAL II

Enzyme Studies

a. Isolation, Purification and Kinetic studies of

i) Acid phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase of rat kidney or liver
ii) Urease from plant seeds
iii) Amylase from saliva
b. Assay of phosphatase, ATPase and Creatinine Phosphokinase, ß- glucuronidase, LDH (spectrophotmetric
assay)
c. Immobilization of Alkaline Phosphatase by entrapment method

Food Analysis

a. Proximate analysis of food material for protein, carbohydrate, fat, calorific value calculation

10
b. Ash content and Moisture content of food
c. Estimation of Ca and Fe from ash

Immunological Studies

a. Serotyping
b. Production of antibody
c. Determination of Antibodytitre.
d. Assay of IgM, IgG
e. Qualitative determination of antigen by Outcherlony diffusion technique

Books Recommended:
1. Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
2. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
3. Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors, India
Sixth Edition (1988)

THIRD SEMESTER
BMS –C009 - ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Core Course
Unit I: ENZYME STRUCTURE

X- ray diffraction, enzyme structure, chemical modification by active site directed reagents- Modification of
protease, active site, Affinity Labelling; Other probes for enzyme structure, site directed mutagenesis, classification of
enzymes, co factors as carriers: Redox carriers (NAD, NADP, flavor proteins, lipoate, glutathione, ascorbic acid,
quinnones, cytochromes) CO Carriers (Biotin): Amino group Carriers (Pyridoxal phosphate, Acyl coA, carnitine).
Carriers of one carbon Group: (Tetra hydrofolate, Homocystene) Aldehyde Carrier (T-P) Phosphate Carriers (ADP)
Sulphate Carriers (adenosine triphosphate): Glycosyl Carriers (UDP).

UNIT II: AN INTRODUCTION TO BIO ENERGITICS, AND KINETICS

First and second laws of thermodynamics ; Enthalpy, entropy, and free energy; free energy and chemical
reaction; Factors affecting rate of chemical reaction – Collision theory , Activation energy and transition-state theory,
catalysis.

ENZYME KINETICS

General Kinetic principles: Steady – state enzyme kinetics MM eqation and linear transformation of MM
equation – reversible reactions – fast reactions and methods of study- rate equation by King and Altman, Enzyme
Inhibition: kinetics of competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive and mixed inhibitors, Reactions of two substrates-
isotope exchange.

Unit III:ENZYME REGULATION

Allosteric and Cooperative effects: Conquered model of Monod et al, and Sequential model of koshland et al,
principles of metabolic regulations; feedback regulations of multifunctional pathway, NAD/ NADH ratio, adenylate
change.
Mechanism of enzyme action : Acid base Catalysis, covalent catalysis, chymotrypsin, metals in enzyme catalysis:
Pyruvate kinase, Super oxide dismutase creatine kinase, carboxy peptidase Multi enzyme complex: Fatty acid
synthetase complex, Biological significance of multi enzyme complex.

Unit IV: ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Isolation and purification of enzymes: extraction of enzymes- soluble enzymes, membrane bound enzymes,
purification- precipitation methods, chromatographic methods, and electrophoretic methods, criteria of purity- total
activity and specific activity, crystallization of enzymes

11
Immobilized enzymes, techniques of immobilization, effect of immobilization on enzyme activity, application of
immobilized enzymes. Immobilized enzyme complexes, uses of enzymes in solution. Commercial production of
enzymes- amylases, proteases , pectinases, cellulases.

Unit V: APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES

Uses of enzymes in analysis - enzyme electrodes. Enzyme as biosensor, colorimetric biosensor,

potentiometric biosensor, optical and industrial applications of enzymes. Commercial value: steriodical conversions,
penicillin and antibiotic conversion, immunosensor. Recent advances and future prospects of enzyme engineering;
artificial enzymes. Enzymes in organic solvents, enzyme targeting using liposomes, isoenzymes.

Books Recommended :

1. Biocatalysis – Fundamentals and Applications by Andreas S Bommarius and Riebel, Wiley VCH, Verlag
GmBH &Co., USA, 2004
2. Enzymes Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry– Trevor Palmer, Published by Horwood
Publishing Chichester, UK, 2001
3. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2004
4. Molecular Biotechnology by S. B. Primrose, Second Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, India,2001
5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
6. Biochemistry by Mathews van Holde and Kevin G Athern, III edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc.,
Singapore, 2003
7. Protein Engineering in Industrial Biotechnology by Lilia Alberghina, Harwood Academic publishers, Netherland
(2003)

BMS –C010 - MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING

Core Course

Unit I

Chloroplast and Photosynthesis : Structure of Chloroplasts – Photosynthesizing prokaryotes and eukaryotes,

light reaction – photsystems, plastoquinine, plastocyanin, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, dark reactions –
carbon cycle and the energetic reactions in CO2 fixation.

Nitrogen fixation system : Nitrogen fixing organisms (eg. Azetobacter, Clostridium, Rhizobium), Symbiotic
relationship in leguminous plants. Nitrogen fixation, Molecular nitrogen to ammonia through the intermediate formation
of di-imide and hydrazine. Conversion of nitrate to ammonia by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter and metabolism of amino
acids.

Unit II

Gaseous transport, and Acid Base homeostasis : Molecular mechanism of the movement of O 2 and CO2
through lungs, arterial and venous circulation. Bohr effect, Oxygen and CO 2 binding hemoglobin, pH maintainence by
cellular and extracellular proteins, phosphate and carbonate buffers through the lungs and the kidney. Metabolic
acidosis and alkalosis, Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Hormonal regulation of water balance in man.

Cell – Cell adhesion, Cell – matrix adhesion , Cell junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes, Gap junctions and
communication between cells.

Unit III

Sensory Transduction : Nerve impulse transmission – Nerve cells, synapses, reflex arc structure, Resting
membrane potential, Nernst equation, action potential, voltage gated ion-channels, impulse transmission,
neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter receptors, Synaptosomes, synaptogamin.

Rod and cone cells in the retina, Biochemical changes in the visual cycle, photochemical reaction and
regulation of rhodopsin. Odor receptors, Learning and memory

Chemistry of muscle contraction – actin and myosin filaments, theories involved in muscle contraction,
mechanism of muscle contraction, energy sources for muscle contraction.

Unit IV

12
 Cell signaling - Different types of signaling, cell surface receptors, G protein coupled receptors and Receptor
tyrosine kinases, Spatial arrangement of receptor, a protein, protein kinase, adenylate cyclase in the celll membrane,
their stimulation and inhibition, signaling molecules, cAMP and MAP kinase pathways.
Metabolic pathways for the formation of Inositol triphosphate from phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate, formation
of DAG, Ca2+ channel activation, ryanodine receptors, Receptor activation and phosphoregulation of inositol and the
calcium channel activation, activation and translocation of protein kinase C in the cell membrane. cAMP and CREB,
JAK-STAT pathway, Smads
Interaction between various signaling pathways

Unit V

Cell cycle : Growth factors, different phases of cell cycle, cyclin dependant kinases – check points in the cell
cycle – yeasts and mammalian cell cycle regulation. Polypeptide growth factors, signals for the stimulation of DNA
synthesis and cell division. Developmental control genes of nematode worm
BMS –C011 - MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Apoptosis – pro-apoptotic regulators and caspase activation

Mitogens, mutations causing loss of cell cycle – oncogenic mutations affecting cell proliferation – mutations
affecting genome stability.

Books Recommended :

1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
2. Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
3. The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
4. Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
5. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, Florida,
USA. 2005
6. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
7. Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (2002)
8. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)

Core course
Unit I

Restriction and modification systems - restriction enzymes. Other DNA modifying enzymes and their uses like
end labelling, nick translation, random primer labelling, dephosphorylation, phosphorylation, blunting, end filling etc.
Cloning vectors - plasmids, phages, cosmids, phagemids, shuttle vectors, expression vectors, suicide vectors, runaway
plasmids, YACs. Restriction, ligation, transformation, recombinant selection methods.

Unit II

Genomic - and cDNA - library construction. High level expression of proteins. Production of insulin, interferon,
interleukins, thrombolytic factors, tumour necrosis factor, human growth hormone and other rare biologicals. Production
of peptide vaccines, novel antibiotics by gene manipulation. Transgenic animals and their uses.

Unit III

DNA polymorphism - Mutation and Molecular basis of genetic diseases: Haemoglobinopathies,

phenylketonuria, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, cystic fibrosis, muscular
dystrophy. DNA and RNA probes and their uses in disease diagnosis and in forensics. RFLP, SSCP and their
applications. DNA sequencing. PCR and its application in infections and genetic disorders. FISH and its uses. Human
gene therapy.

Unit IV

13
 Human Genome Project - genome mapping - physical and genetic mapping of human genes. Application of
human gene mapping - Bioinformatics, proteomics, pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. Current status of
human gene mapping. DNA finger printing, prenatal diagnosis of human disorders.

Unit V

Production of monoclonal antibodies and their uses in diagnosis of diseases: sexually transmitted diseases,
viral diseases, bacterial infections, cancer detection, pregnancy testing. Monoclonal antibody for preventive and
therapeutic purposes. DNA vaccines. Protein engineering and its applications.

Books Recommended :

1. Principles of Gene Manipulation - An

Introduction to Genetic Engineering ( 5th Ed.). -- RE Old and SB Primerose
2. Gene Cloning - An Introduction (3rd Ed.) -- TA Brown
3. Recombinant DNA (4th Ed.) -- James D Watson et al.,
4. Genetics in Medicine (5th Ed.) -- Thompson et al.,
5. DNA Technology - The Awesome Skill -- I Edward Alcano

BMS –C012- PRACTICAL III

1. Collection and preservation of urine and blood samples.

2. Liver Function test: Estimation of bilirubin – direct and indirect. Estimation of plasma protein, A/G ratio, Thymol
turbidity test, Assay of serum gluatamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase. Isoenzyme separation of LDH by electrophoresis.
3. Renal Function test: Qualitative tests for normal and pathological component of urine. Estimation of blood and
urine urea, creatinine, creatine and uric acid. Urea clearance test.
4. Estimation of blood glucose by orthotoluidine and glucose oxidase method. Determination of glycosylated Hb.
Glucose Tolerance Test.
5. Lipid profile; Esimation of cholesterol by Zak’s method, lipoprotein profile, estimation of ketone bodies,
estimation of triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids.
6. Endocrine function: Assay of insulin by ELISA, estimation of urinary excretion of VMA, 5-HIAA, 17-
ketosteroids, 17-ketogenic steroids, plasma level of cortisol.
7. Electrolytes: Determination of serum calcium, sodium, potassium by flame photometer. Estimation of
chlorides, phosphates. Estimation of Cu, Fe by colorimetric method.
8. Antioxidant status: estimation of LPO, assay of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
Estimation of Vitamins A, E and C.
9. Haematology: RBC Count, WBC Count – total and differential count, ESR, PCV, MCV. Estimation of
haemoglobin.

Books Recommended:
1. Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
2. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
3. Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
4. Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
5. Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
6. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors,
India Sixth Edition (1988)

FOURTH SEMESTER
BMS –C013- HORMONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

14
Core Course
Unit I

Hormones of the hypothalamus and the pituitary – organisation of hypothalamus and hypophysis: chemical
nature, biosynthesis, secretion and biochemical action of adenohypophysial hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, LH,FSH, MSH
and prolactin) and neurohypophyseal hormones (oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone), hypophyseal releasing and
inhibiting factors

Unit II

Hormones of the adrenals – hormones of the adrenal cortex. Chemical nature, biosynthesis and mechanism of action of
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids. Hormones of the medulla – chemical nature, biosynthesis and amechanism of action of
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). Endocrine function of the kidney – renin – angiotensin system

Unit III

Sex hormones – hormones of the testes and ovaries – chemical nature and biosynthesis of androgens, estrogens and
progesterone. Metabolic fate and mechanism of action of androgens, estrogens and progesterone. Hormones of the corpus luteum
and reproductive cycle. Disorders of the male and female reproductive system. Endocrine Responsive Cancer - Breast, Endometrial
and Prostate Cancers.

Unit IV

Pancreatic hormones and other gastro-intestinal hormones – chemical nature of insulin and glucagon . Biosynthesis and
regulation of secretion of insulin and glucagon. Effect of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrates, lipids and protein metabolism.
Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptides. Gastro-intestinal hormones – gastrin, enterogastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin.

Unit V

Hormones of the thyroid, parathyroid and prostaglandins – chemical nature and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones –
structure and metabolic effect. Effect on carlorigenesis and induction of amphibian metamorphosis. Parathyroid hormones and
calcitonin and calcium level and kidney function. Prostaglandin – chemical nature and biosynthesis, biological action of
prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathways, cAMP, a second messenger of hormone action.

Books Recommended :

1. Textbook of Biochemistry – West, Todd and Mason

2. Priinciples of Biochemistry – White A. Handler P and Smith E L
3. Clinical Biochemistry – E.J. King and I.D.B. Wootan
4. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology by Larsen, Kronberg, Melmed, and Polonsky, Tenth edition, Saunders Publications,
USA, 2003
5. General endocrinology – Turner (C.T.Donnell)
6. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27 th edition, 2006

BMS – C014- METABOLIC AND GENE REGULATION

Core Course
Unit I

Principles of metabolic control – hormonal control of metabolism – modulation of enzyme activity – non-
covalent and covalent regulatory mechanisms, identification of rate limiting enzymes in metabolic pathways.

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis : Cori’s cycle and Alanine cycle, Phosphofructokinase as the key enzyme in
glycolysis, role of fructose 2,6 diphosphate, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase as regulatory enzymes in glycolysis.

Glycogen synthesis and degradation : cAMP and its co-ordinated control of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis –
Phosphorylase activation and inactivation, role of calcium and phospho inositide cascade. HMP shunt : G6PD as a
regulatory enyzme. Role of NADPH in metabolism

Unit II

Lipid metabolism : Fatty acid biosynthesis, control of acetyl CoA carboxylase, role of hormones in lipid
metabolism, effect of diet on fatty acid synthesis, Eicosanoid biosynthesis.

Biosynthesis and regulation of triacyl glycerol, cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine
and sphingomyelin.

15
 Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissues, degradation, role of carnitine. Ketogenesis and its regulation.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and its regulation. TCA cycle – citrate synthase, ICDH and  - KGDH as
regulatory sites

Unit III

Nitrogen Metabolism : Key role of glutamate dehydrogenase and its regulation, Urea cycle and its regulation.

Biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and their regulation.

Key junctions in metabolism : Glucose –6-phosphate, pyruvate and acetyl CoA.

Starve –Feed Cycle. Mechanisms involved in switching the metabolism of liver between the well-fed state and
the starved state. Metabolic interrelationships of tissues in various nutritional and hormonal states.

Unit IV

Regulation of the activity of genes and gene products in prokaryotes.

Types of regulation of transcription – positive and negative regulation.

Jacob and Monod model of Operon concept – Lactose system – purification and structure of the repressor –
effect of glucose on lac operon – regulatory region of the DNA of the lac operon – Mutants and gratitutous inducers of
lac operon. Galactose operon, arabinose operon, tryptophan operon and their regulation.

Regulons – HTP regulon, Pho regulon and SOS regulon

Regulation of synthesis of ribosomes. Unregulated changes in gene expression- Flagellin synthesis

Life cycle of Bacteriophage  - Lytic and lysogenic cycles,  genetic switches.

Unit V

Regulation in Eukaryotes:

Differences in the genetic organization of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Gene Families : Simple, multigene, complex multigene and developmentally controlled complex gene families.

Regulatory strategies in eukaryotes – gene alteration, gene loss, gene amplification and gene rearrangement.

Regulation of synthesis of primary transcript Response elements – Promoters, enhancers, DNA binding
domains – Zinc finger motif, Homeodomains, Helix Loop Helix, Leucine zipper. Transcriptional control by hormones,
regulation mediated through transcription factors, Histone acetylation and deacetylation, demethylation of DNA.

Regulation of processing and polyproteins : Translational control: life time of m-RNA – control of initiation –
regulation of rate of overall protein synthesis – regulation of the synthesis of vitellogenin.

Books Recommended :

1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
2. Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
3. The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
4. Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
5. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, Florida,
USA. 2005
6. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
7. Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (2002)
8. Genes VIII by Benjamin Lewin, WH Saunders Publishers, USA, (2002)
9. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)

16
 BMS – C 015 - MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASES

Core Course

Unit- I

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Diabetes Mellitus and it s metabolic complications, GTT, assay of insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin. Glycogen
storage diseases, galactosemia, fructosuria, pentosuria, mucopolysaccharidosis,

Disorders of lipid metabolism

Sphingolipidosis, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

Lipoproteins and hyperlipoprotenemia, LCAT deficiency, gall stones, gout, tropical sprue.

Unit- II
Disorders of amino acid, protein and nucleic acid metabolism
Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, rheumatoid factors, multiple myeloma, glutathioneurea, Hartnup
disease, hyperuricemia and gout, adenosine deaminase, oratic aciduria, Lesch Nyhen syndrome.
Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of inborn errors using enzyme assays, PCR, ARMS. RT-PCR, DHPLC in
amniotic fluid, Chorionic villi.

Disorders of blood
Blood Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, β Thalassemias, anemias, haemoglobinopathies, disorders of
blood clotting mechanism, laboratory test to measure coagulation and thrombolysis

Unit-III

Organ function tests

Liver function test with special reference to hepatitis and jauindice, renal function test and gastric function test
Diagnostic significance of serum enzymes
Routine urine analysis and stone analysis,

Unit-IV

Free radicals and anti-oxidants : chemistry of free radicals and reactive oxygen species-superoxide, hydroxyl
peroxyl,alkoxyl, non radicals-hydrogen peroxide, reactive nitrogen species, role of nitric oxide, role of metals, generation
of free radicals by one electron reduction, Detection of free radicals, trapping and finger printing methods: Lipid
peroxidation, protein damage by ROS/RNS, DNA damage by ROS/RNS and repair mechanisms. Anti-oxidant defense
enzymes-Superoxide dismutase,catalases, glutathione peroxidase, Glutatione reductase, glutathione-S-
transferases.Free radical scavengers-Vitamins C,E, carotenoids, reduced glutathione, uric acid etc. Free radicals in
health and disease. Reactive species as useful biomolecules, Origin of oxidative stress, consequences, Implications of
free radicals in Atherosclerosis. Hypertension, Diabetes, Ischemia- reperfusion, Arthritis, Cancer, aging and Xeroderma
pigmentosum.

Unit-V

Cancer Biology- Characteristics of tumor cells, cell culture and transformation, characteristics of transformed
cells, changes in cell-cell interaction.

Etiology of cancer- Agents of transformation –viruses as agents and oncogenes, DNA viruses, RNA viruses-
retro viruses, chemical carcinogenesis and radiation carcinogenesis.

Growth pattern, immortalization, angiogenesis. Molecular basis of cancer- apoptotic and tumor suppressor
gene.Chemotherapy of cancer and other contempory therapies- immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Books Recommended :

1. Cell and molecular biology- Gerald Karp, third edition (2002)

2. Biochemistry, A case oriented approach- Montgomery, Comway, Spector, Chappell, Sixth Edition, Mosby
Publishers, USA, (1996).

17
3. Text book of Biochemistry –A clinically oriented approach-Dinesh Puri, B.I. Churchill Livingstone Inc., India
(2002)
4. Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations-T.M.Devlin. fifth edition (2002)
5. Free radicals in biology and medicine-Barry Halliwell and John M.C. Gutteridge, Third Edition, Oxford Science
Publications (1999).
6. Biochemical, Pharmacological clinical aspects of Nitric oxide-Weissman
7. Fundamentals of Biostatistics – Khan and Khanum UKaaz Publishers, India, Second Edition (2004)
8. Flavonoids in Health and Diseases-Rice Evans and Lester Packer, Marshall Decker Publishers, USA (1998)
9. Human Molecular Biology – Epstein- Cambridge University Press, UK (2003)
10. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)

18
 ELECTIVES

I Semester
BMS 1067- PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY - I
Unit I

Carbohydrates: Occurrence, chemical properties and classification, stereoisomerism and optical isomerism.
Monosaccharides: Structure, properties, general reactions and their derivatives. Oligosaccharides – structure and
general reaction. Polysaccharides – homoglycans: structural properties starch, cellulose and glycogen. Heteroglycans
– structure, properties, mucopolysaccharides.

Unit II

Lipids-Classification, Structure and Function.

Aminoacids - classification and structure. peptide linkages. Proteins and their classification and structure.

Unit III
Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides and Nucleic acids

Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, end products of purine and pyrimidine catabolism.

Unit IV
Biochemical test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, jaundice, liver and kidney function tests.

Unit V

Inborn errors of metabolism-Glycogen storage diseases, enzymes in clinical diagnosis

References

1. Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second
edition, 1995
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27 th edition,
2006
4. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt
College Publishers, Orlando, Florida, USA. 2005
5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H
Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 2005
6. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB
Saunders Company, Oxford Science Publications USA, (2001)
7. Text book of Biochemistry –A clinically oriented approach-Dinesh Puri, B.I. Churchill
Livingstone Inc., India (2002)
8. Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations-T.M.Devlin. fifth edition (2002)

II Semester
BMS E002 -Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - II

Unit I

Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active site. Inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive

noncompetitive and allosteric inhibitions, Co-enzymic of vitamins.

Unit II

Glucose metabolism - glycolysis, glucogenesis and glycogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and
gluconeogenesis, UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and convertion of galactose to glucose.

Unit III

19
 Fatty acids breakdown, phospholipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglisoside bisoynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.

Unit IV

Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolites, oxidative deamination,
transmination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glutamine, creatinine ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid.,
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.

Unit V

Caloric requirement, recommended dietary allowances of vitamins mineral and proteins, Biological role of
proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids.

Vitamin deficiency states and the mechanism of action of fat and water soluble vitamins.

References

1. Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27th edition, 2006
4. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New York,
USA, 2005

III Semester
BMS E003 - INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM

Unit – I

Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active site, inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive,

noncompetitive and allosteric inhibitions, co-enzymic of vitamins.

Unit II

Glucose metabolism: Glycolysis, glycogenesis and glyconeogenesis, pentose – phosphate pathway and
gluconeogenesis, UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and convertion of galactose to glucose.

Unit III

Fatty acid breakdown, phospholipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglioside biosynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.

Unit IV

Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolics, oxidative deamination,
transamination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glytamine creatine, ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.]

Unit V

Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. End product of purine and pyrimidne, catabolism.

References

1. Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27h edition, 2006
4. Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005

20
 5. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005

Degree of Master of Science in the

Faculty of Medicine for Science Graduates

M.Sc. Branch II – Physiology (Interdisciplinary)

Faculty of Medicine

Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

New Regulation 2007 - 2008

1. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION TO THE COURSE AND EXAMINATION

A Candidate for admission to Branch II – Physiology should have passed in any of the following examinations of the
University of Madras or any other University accepted by the Syndicate of this University as equivalent there to and shall be
permitted to appear for M.Sc. degree in Physiology (Faculty of Medicine) of this University after a course study of three
academic years.

1. B.Sc. Degree with any three of the following subjects at main or ancillary level namely Zoology, Botany,
Chemistry, Physics and Bio-chemistry.
2. B.Sc. degree in Life Sciences, Bioscience, Biology, Nutrition and Bio technology
3. B.Sc. (Allied Health Sciences)

2. Duration.
The duration of the course of study shall be six semesters in three academic years. Each academic year which
spans from July of a calendar year to June of next calendar year will consist of 180 working days with a total of 1000
working hours in each academic year.
A student shall obtain the Master degree if he / she has:
a. Registered, undergone and secured the required minimum credits for all the core, and elective courses
and completed the project work.
b. Has no due to University, Hotel or library and submitted no due certificates to the HOD.
c. Has no disciplinary action pending against him / her.

3. Course of study.
The duration of this course will be three years. The maximum period permitted for completion of the course
shall be 6 years. The Course of study for the degree shall be of Semester pattern under Choice Based Credit System
(CBCS) and will have Semesters I and II in the first year, Semesters III and IV in the second year and V and VI in third
year.

4. Registration during course of study.

The candidates admitted will assigned a Code number will be assigned indicating the course joined, the year
of admission, and individual identification. At the beginning of each semester the candidate should register their names
in the departments in which the core and elective subjects are being offered as specified in the course content book.
The Registration form shall be filled in triplicate and with the details of the Core and Elective courses to be taken in each
semester with the number of credits and signed by the candidate and the student advisor.

Candidates must register for a minimum of 15 credits and maximum of 24 credits in a semester. However they
should take a minimum of 108 credits in all subjects put together in 6 semesters to obtain pass and get the degree. The
student’s advisor will help in selecting the core and elective courses.

5. Examination.
There will be two sessional assessments and one end semester examination in each semester. End semester
Examinations will be conducted on 15 th of November for I III and IV semester and 15 th of April for II, IV and VI
Semester of the course in every academic year. A Candidate should complete the course within 12 semesters.

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 For each subject the marks of two sessional tests shall be taken as 20% + 20% and totaled as 40% of continuous
assessment. The end semester mark will be taken as 60% and the total of 100% will be computed adding all these
marks.

For a pass, a candidate is expected to secure a minimum of 50% marks in each of the theory paper
individually and 50% in each of the practical and viva voce including continuous assessment put together.

However, if a student failed in any one or more of the theory papers or practical in each semester
examination, he / she shall attend classes of the next semester and register for the failed subjects and appear for the
failed subjects in the subsequent semester along with the examination of the that semester. However they have to clear
all the theory and practical examinations and dissertation for completion of the course and obtain degree. For passing
the course they should earn a minimum of 108 credits. The failed candidate after completion of the all the VI semester of
course should attend the theory and practical classes in which they have to re appear to complete and pass the
examinations.

6. Minimum marks for passing.

For a pass, a candidate is expected to secure a minimum of 50% marks in each of the theory paper
individually and 50% in each of the practical and viva voce including continuous assessment put together. All the
theory, practical, viva and dissertation examination should be cleared for obtaining the degree. For passing the course
they should earn a minimum of 108 credits.

7. Eligibility for appearing Final examination and Submission of the Dissertation.

i. The Candidates will be permitted to appear in the final semester Examination only after obtaining the
certificate from the coordinator of the course about the satisfactory completion of all the course of study.
ii. Three copies of the dissertation should be submitted by the third year students on or before 15 th November of
the 5th semester with a certificate from the guide and concerned Head of the Department.

8. Scheme of examination.
There will be 6 semester examinations and each will be held in at the end of each semester. The examination
will be held on 15th November for 1st semester and on 15th April for 2nd semester in the 1st year of course. The 3rd semester
examination will be held 15 th on November and 4 th Semester examination will be held on 15 th April in the 2nd year of
course. The 5th semester examination will be held on 15th November and 6th semester examination will be held on 15th
April. Students will be given the degree only after passing the theory and practical and viva examination of the all the
semesters. They should obtain a minimum of 108 credits for a pass in the course. In these 108 credits the candidates
should get a minimum 90 credits in core subject, 18 credits in elective course.

The examination will include theory papers, Practical and viva voce examinations. Both theory paper and
practical will be of three hours duration. The students should submit a research dissertation in the 5 th semester.

9. Classification of successful candidate.

Candidates who obtain a minimum of 108 credits and 75% of the marks and above in the aggregate of
all 6th Semester examinations shall be deemed to have passed the examinations in FIRST CLASS with
OUTSTANDING Grade.

Candidates who secure not less than 108 credits and 60% of the aggregate marks in all 6 th semester
examinations shall be declared to have passed the examination in the FIRST CLASS. All other successful
candidates shall be declared to have passed in
.SECOND CLASS.

Candidates who pass all the examinations in the first appearance and within a period of stipulated
three academic years from the year of admission to the course are only eligible for ranking as First Class or
First Class with Outstanding grade.

10. Attendance.
Students should have a minimum of 80% of the attendance failing which they shall not be allowed to
appear for the examinations. Under valid grounds such as health problems and maternity leave, a lower
percentage of attendance may be permitted on production of valid evidences such as medical certificate and
proofs of treatments undergone. In such cases students are liable for the payment of penalty, which will be
prescribed by the University from time to time. However in any circumstances students with less than 70% of
percentage shall not be permitted to appear for examinations.
Branch II M.Sc. Physiology (Interdisciplinary)
SYALLBUS
Duration of the Course: 36 Months (6 Semesters)

22
FIRST SEMESTER (1st July to 15th November) Total teaching Hours: 500
Teaching Schedule-Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Credits and Marks

Course code
Subjects Teaching Theory /Practical Credits Marks Total Marks
Hours* Core/ Elective

Human Physiology I 60 Core Theory 4 100 100

Human Histology and
Embryology
Section - A Theory
Human Histology 45 Core 3 50
Section - B 100
Embryology 50
Human Anatomy –I 60 Core Theory 4 100 100
Practical –I
Human anatomy
Periodic assessment Core
Record work 45 Practical 20 100
3
Viva Voce 10
Final Practical 20
(25 Spotters) 50
Physiology
Practical–I Core
Human Physiology 45 Practical 100
Periodic assessment 20
3
Record work 10
Viva Voce 20
Final Practical 50
Core 17 Total
Total Marks 500

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars

Elective courses recommended for the 1st Semester

BMS Principles of Biochemistry (45hours Elective theory Credit3)

SECOND SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching Hours: 500

* Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks

Course Code
Teaching Theory / Practical
Subject Hours* Core/ Elective Credits Marks Total
Marks

Human Physiology -II 60 Theory Core 4 100 100

Human Anatomy -II. 60 Theory Core 4 100 100

Practical III
Human anatomy II and
Neuro anatomy 20
Periodic assessment 90 Practical Core 10
3 100
Record work 20
Viva Voce 50
Final Practical (25 Spotters)

23
Physiology Practical II
Human Physiology 20
Periodic assessment 90 Practical Core 10
Record work 3 20
100
Viva Voce 50
Final Practical
Core 14 Total 400
Total
Marks

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars

Elective courses recommended for the 1st Semester
BMS Principles of Biochemistry - II (45hours, Elective theory, Credit3)

THIRD SEMESTER (1st July to 15th November) Total teaching Hours: 500

Teaching Schedule - Theory and Practical subjects and distribution Credits and of Marks

Course Code
Teaching Total
Theory / Practical Credits Marks
Subject Hours* Marks
Core/ Elective

Human Physiology III: General BMS

Physiology -I 60 Theory 4 100 100
Core
Human Physiology IV: General BMS
Physiology-II 60 Theory 4 100 100
Core
Human Physiology V: BMS
Physiology III Core
60 4 100 100
Theory

Human Physiology VI: BMS

Physiology IV Core
60 4 100 100
Theory

Research Method in Anatomy BMS

45 3 100 100
Core Theory

Project Work** Core - - -

Hours Core 23 Total

Total 00
Marks

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars

Elective courses recommended for the 3rd Semester

BMS Medical Imaging and Radiology (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
BMS Principles of Endocrinology (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
BMS Principles of Genetics I (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
BMS Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 45 hours (Elective Course – 3 Credits)

24
**Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3 rd Semester. The candidate will complete their project work and
submit their Dissertation on 15th November in the 5th Semester.

FOURTH SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching Hours: 500

Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks

Course Code
Teaching Total
Subject Theory / Practical Credits Marks
Hours* Marks
Core/ Elective
Human Physiology VII: BMS
Research Methods in Physiology I 60 Theory 4 100 100
Core
Human Physiology VIII: BMS
60
Research Methods in Physiology II Theory 4 100 100
Core
Human Physiology IX: BMS
60
Research Methods in Physiology III Theory 4 100 100
Core
Physiology Practical III - Research Methods in
Physiology
BMS
Periodic assessment 90 20
Practical 3 100
Record work 10
Core
Viva Voce 20
Final Practical 50
Total Hours Core 17

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.

Other Electives courses recommended for the 4th semester

MSI Bio statistics (Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Reproductive Endocrinology (Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Computer Application in Biology and Medicine (Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Basic Pathology (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS Principle of Genetics -II (Elective course - 3 Credits)

FIFTH SEMESTER (1st July to 14th November) Total teaching Hours: 500

Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks

Course Code
Teaching Total
Subject Theory / Practical Credits Marks
Hours* Marks
Core/ Elective
BMS
Dissertation 314 Practical 10 100 100
Core
Physiology Practical IV- Clinical
examination
BMS 20
Periodic assessment
120 Practical 4 10 100
Record work
Core 20
Viva Voce
50
Final Practical

25
 Core 14
Total

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.

Elective courses recommended for the 5th semester

BMS Principles of Genetics I (Elective – 3 Credits)
PHY Biomedical Instrumentation (Elective – 3 Credits)
BMS 1091 Drug Therapy (Elective – 3 Credits)
BMS 2089 Fundamentals of Environmental Toxicology / Neurotoxicology (Elective – 3
Credits)

* Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3rd Semester. The candidate will complete their project work and
submit their Dissertation on 15th of November in the 5th Semester.

SIXTH SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching hours: 500

Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks

Course Code
Teaching Total
Subject Theory / Practical Credits Marks
Hours* Marks
Core/ Elective
Human Physiology VII: BMS
Advances in Physiology 60 Theory 6 100 100
Paper 1 Core
Human Physiology VIII: BMS
Advances in Physiology 60 Theory 6 100 100
Paper 2 Core
Human Physiology IX: BMS
Advances in Physiology 60 Theory 6 100 100
Paper 3 Core

Practical V- Experimental Physiology Cranial

nerve and Autonomic function test
BMS
Periodic assessment 100
120 Practical 4
Record work 20
Core
Viva Voce 10
Final Practical 20
50
- 100
Final Viva Voce Core 3 100
Core 26 500
Total 500

* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.

26
 University of Madras
Degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Medicine
Branch II - M.Sc. Physiology (Interdisciplinary)

SYLLABUS

DETAILED SYLLABUS 1st SEMESTER

BMS - Human Anatomy I Theory (Core -4 Credits) (60 Hours)

(Upper limb, Lower Limb and Thorax)

Overview of Anatomy
1. Medical and Anatomical terminology, The Anatomical position, The Anatomical Plans, Sections of the body,
Terms of relationship. Terms of comparison, Terms of movement, Anatomical Variations. 2. Diagnostic
Imaging,
3. Bones and the skeletal system, Types of bone, 4. Joints, Classification of joints, innervation of joints. 5.
Muscle tissue and muscular system. Types of muscle, 6. Blood vessels and cardiovascular system, Lymphatic
and the Lymphatic system, Functions of the lymphatics, Nervous tissue and nervous system.

The upper limb (

1. Bones of the upper limb, The pectoral Girdle. 2. The pectoral muscles, 3. The axilla, The Brachial plexus . 4.
The back and shoulder region Muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column, The scapular
muscles . 5. The arm , The Humerus, The brachial fascia and intermuscular septum,6. Muscles of the arm The
cubital fossa. 7. The Forearm, Muscles in the cubital region, 8.bones of the wrist and hand 9. Muscles of the
forearm. 10. Nerves of the forearm, 11.Arteries of the forearm, 12 The extensor muscles of the forearm,13. The
posterior nerves of the forearm , The posterior arteries of the forearm .14. The Wrist and Hand , The hand. 15.
Joints of the upper limb , 16. Patient oriented problem, Discussion of patients problems.
( 1st mid term examination )

The Lower Limb

1. The Hip and thigh areas, The bone and surface anatomy of the hip, 2. The bones and surface anatomy of the
thigh, 3.The fascia of the thigh, The thigh muscles, 4.The femoral triangle . 5.The Gluteal Region, the gluteal
nerves, 6.The gluteal arteries, The Gluteal veins , 7. The Posterior thigh muscles , 8.The Popleteal fossa , 9.The
leg, 10.Bones of the leg , Surface anatomy of the leg , 11. Bones of the Foot , 12. The Crural Fascia ,
Compartments of the Leg. 13.The Foot , Muscles of the foot , 14. Nerves of the foot , 15.Arteries of the foot ,
16.Veins of the foot. 17.Joints of the Lower Limb , The Hip joint , 18.The knee joint , 19.The Tibiofibular joints ,
The ankle joint , Joints of the foot , The Arches of the foot. 20.Patient Oriented Problems , Discussion of
Patient's problems.
(2nd mid term examination)

The Thorax
1. The Thoracic Wall , Skin and Fascia of the Thoracic Wall , 2. Bones of the Thoracic Wall , 3. Surface Anatomy
of the Anterior Thoracic Wall , 4.The Breasts , 5.Movements of the Thoracic Apertures , 6. Muscles of the
Thorax , 7.The Intercostal Spaces , The Intercostal Nerves , The Intercostal Arteries , The Intercostal Veins ,
8.The Internal Thoracic Vessels . 9.The Thoracic Cavity , 10.Pleura and Pleural Cavities , 11.The Lungs. 12.The
Mediastinum , The Pericardium , 13.The Heart , 14. The Superior Mediastinum , The Posterior Mediastinum , The
Anterior Mediastinum. 15. Patient's Oriented Problems , Discussion of Patient's Problems .
(End Semester Examination - including all the portions)

Text Book:
Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L.Moore . Williams and Wilkins1992. 3rd Edition
Book for Reference:
1. Structure and Function of the Body, Mosby Year Book
2. Grant's Method of Anatomy - Williams and Wilkins

BMS Human Embryology and Histology Theory (Core - 3 Credits) (45 Hours)
Human Embryology
General Embryology: 1. Gametogenesis - Development of gametes. 2. First week of Development - Ovulation
to Implantation. 3. Second week of Development - Bi-laminar Germ disc. 4. Third week of Development of tri-laminar
germ disc. 5. Third to eighth week- The embryonic period. 6. Third month to Birth. The fetal Period and birth defects. 7.

27
Fetal membranes and placenta. .

Text Book: Langman's Medical Embryology. T.W. Sadler, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. (8th Edition)
2000.

Human Histology
Part I .: 1. Cell structure and function 2. Cell cycle and application
Part II. Basic tissue types. 3. Blood. 4. Connective tissue 5.Epithelial tissue 6. Muscle 7. Nervous tissue .
Part 3. Organ systems 8. Circulatory system 9. Skin 10. Skeletal tissue 11. Immune system 12. Respiratory
system 13. Oral tissue 14. Gastro intestinal tract. 15. Liver and pancrease 16. Urinary system 17. The endocrine
glands 18. Male reproductive system 19. Female reproductive system 20. Central nervous system 21. Special
sense organs

Text Book
Wheater's Functional Histology, A Text and colour atlas. H. George Burkitt and Barbara
Young and John W. Heath . ELBS English Language Book Society. Churchill
Livingston . 1997. 3rd Edition.

BMS - Practical -I Human Anatomy (Core 3 Credits) (45 Hours)

Gross Anatomy - Demonstration of various Regions in Human Cadaver.

Text Book
Cunnighams Mannual of Practical Anatomy C.J. Romanes, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford. 15th Edition.
2000.

BMS Human Physiology - I. Theory (Core - 4 Credits) (60 Hours)

Theory: The theory shall include principles of General cell Physiology and all systemic physiology. The standard of
teaching shall be that of The Guyton text book of physiology.

Unit I. Cell Physiology -

Unit II. Muscle Physiology -

Unit III. Blood -
Unit IV Respiratory Physiology -
Unit V
Reference Books:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
2. Human physiology, The basis of Medicine – Gillian Pocock and Christopher
D.Richards. OXFORD, University press- 1999, First edition.
3. Review of Medical Physiology. William F. Ganong. The McGraw-Hill companies,
Inc.2003. 21st Edition.

BMS Physiology Practical - I - Human Physiology (Core - 3 credits) (90Hours)

Haematology particles:
1. R.B.C count
2. Total leukocyte count
3. Estimation of Haemoglobin concentration
4. Determination of packed cell volume (PCV)
5. Blood Indices
6. Differential Leukocyte count
7. Determination of Blood groups
8. Determination of bleeding time and clotting time.

Reference Books:
1. Textbook of Practical Physiology , Ghai - 2004
2. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Gyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. .B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
3. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
4. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.

SYLLABUS FOR RECOMMENDED ELECTIVE COURSES

BMS 1071 Principle of Biochemistry -I

28
 Theory (Elective Course -3 Credits) (48 Hours)

Bio Organic Chemistry

A. Structure of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with reference To ring structure,

linkage, reducing action functional groups and occurrence of glucose, galatose, fructose, ribose, dexyribose,
maltose, lactose, surose, starch, Cellulose, glycogen, hexosamines and hexuronic acids. (Derivation of structures is
not needed)

B. B. Fatty acids (Unsaturated and saturated chain length) glycerol, esters, phospholipids, and sphingolipids,
cholesterol, ergosterol, hormonal steroids and bile acids.

C. Amino acids classifications, peptide linkages, polypeptides, and proteins, primary, secondary, primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, reversible and irreversible inactivation of proteins, isoelectric
point. Examples of plasma protein, haemoglobin, casein and egg albumin.

D. Purines and pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

Enzymes

Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active site, inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive and
allosteric inhibitions, co-enzymic of vitamins.

Digestion of polysaccharides, triacyl glycerols and proteins in the gastro intestinal tract.

Reference Books
Harpers's Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell. Prentice -Hall
International, INC. Singapore. 24th Edition. 1998.
Principles of Biochemistry, Ambika shanmugasundaram

DETAILED SYLLABUS 2nd SEMESTER

BMS 1052 Human Anatomy II

Theory (Core 4 Credits) (136 Hours)
Head , Neck,
The Head (74 Hours)
1. The skull , 2. Bones of the skull. 3.The face , Muscles of the face , 4.Arteries of the face , 5.Veins of the face ,
6.Lymphatic Drainage of the face , 7.The parotid Gland . 8.The Scalp , Layers of the Scalp , Nerves of the Scalp ,
Arteries of the Scalp , Veins of the Scalp , Lymphatic Drainage of the Scalp . 9. The Cranial Fossae , The
Anterior Cranial Fossae , The Middle Cranial Fossae , The Posterior Cranial Fossae. 10.Cranial Meninges and
Cerebrospinal Fluid , 11.The Brain, The main parts of the brain , Ventricular System and CSF. 12. The Orbit ,
The orbital contents , The orbital muscles . 13. The parotid region , 14. The temporal region , 15. The temporal
fossae , The infratemporal fossa. 16. The temporomandibular joint , 17. The oral region , The oral cavity , The
palate The tongue , 18. The salivary glands , 19.The pterygopalatine fossa . 20.The nose , The paranasal
sinuses . 21. The ear , The external ear , The middle ear , 23. The internal ear . 24. Patient Oriented Problems ,
Discussion of Patient's Problems.
(1st Mid semester examination)

The Neck (25Hours)

1. Surface Anatomy of the Neck , Superficial Neck muscles . 2. Triangles of the Neck , Posterior triangle of the
neck Anterior triangle of the neck , 3. The cervical viscera , 4.Fascial planes of the neck. 5.The Larynx ,
6.Muscles of the pharynx , Interior of the pharynx. 7. The Larynx , 8. Patient Oriented problems , Discussion of
patient's problems.

The cranial nerves (32 Hours)

1. The olfactory nerve, 2.The optic nerve, 3.The oculomotor nerve, 4.The trochlear nerve, 5.The trigeminal
nerve, 6.The abducent nerve, 7.The facial nerve 8.The vestibulocochlear nerve, 9.The Glossopharyngeal nerve,
10.The vagus nerve, 11.The accessory nerve, 12..The hypoglossal nerve.

The Back (15 Hours)

1. The vertebral column , Normal curvatures of the vertebral column , Palpation of the vertebral column , 2.The
vertebrae , 3.Joints of the vertebral column . 4.Muscles of the back , The Extrinsic back muscles , The intrinsic
back muscles ,. The suboccipital region . 5. Spinal cord and Meninges , 6. Patient Oriented Problems ,
Discussion of Patient's Problems.
(End semester examination including all portions)

29
Text Book:
Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L.Moore . Williams and Wilkins1992. 3rd Edition.
Book for Reference:
1. Structure and Function of the Body, Mosby Year Book
2. Grant's Method of Anatomy - Williams and Wilkins

BMS 1058 Human Physiology II Theory (Core 4 Credits) (136 Hours)

1. Cardiovascular system (60 hours)
2. Special senses (20 hours)
3. Central Nervous system (56 hours)

Reference Book:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Author C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition
2. Human Anatomy and Physiology , Elaine N. Marieb 4th Edition 1998.
3. Anthony’s Text book of Anatomy and Physiology , Gary A. Thibodeau 13th Edition 1990
4. Text book of Physiology, Gabriel C. Ezeilo – Oxford press 1st Edition 2002.

BMS 1080 Practical -V - Human Physiology -II (Core - 3 credits) (90 Hours)
Haemotology
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
2. Osmotic fragility of red blood cells
3. Specific gravity of blood by copper sulphate
4. Platelet count
5. Reticulotcyte count
6. Absolute Eosinophil count

Reference Books:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Gyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
Books for Reference:
2. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
3. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.

BMS 1060 Practical - III - Human Anatomy II and Neuro Anatomy (Core - 3 credits) 90 Hours

Gross Anatomy - Demonstration of various Regions in Human Cadaver.

Demonstration of Human brain and dissected brain

Text Book
Cunnighams Manual of Practical Anatomy C.J. Romanes, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford. 15th Edition.
2000.

SYLLABUS FOR RECOMMENDED ELECTIVE COURSES

BMS 1072 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY - II

Theory 48 Hours ELECTIVE COURSE - ( 3 CREDITS)

Intermediary Metabolism

A. Glucose metabolism : Glycolysis, glycogenesis, pentose - phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis,

UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and conversion of galactose to glucose.

B. Fatty acid breakdown, phospho lipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglioside biosynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.

C. Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolics, oxidative deamination,
transamination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glytamine creatine, ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.

D. Biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in the intact cell. End product of purine and pyrimidine, catabolism.

Nutritional Biochemistry

30
A. Caloric requirement, recommended dietary allowances of vitamins, minerals and proteins. Biological role of
proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids.

B. Vitamins deficiency states and the mechanism of action of fat and water soluble vitamins, hormonal actions.

Clinical Biochemistry

A. Inborn errors of metabolism with reference to galactosamine, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism,

sphingolipidosis and mucopolysacchoridisis.

B. Biochemical test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, jaundice, liver and kidney/function tests. Importance of
assay of serum choliesterol, creatinine, phosphokinase, amylase, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and
LDH in diagnosis.

Reference Books.
Harpers's Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell. Prentice -Hall
International, INC. Singapore. 24th Edition. 1998.
Principles of Biochemistry Ambika shanmugasundaram

DETAILED SYLLABUS 3rd SEMESTER

BMS Human physiology III: General Physiology - Theory core (112 Hours 6 Credits)

Unit I: (28 hour)

Function of cell organelles. Membrane structure –Transport across biological membrane. Simple diffusion,
Facilitated diffusion, transport through channels and gating of channels, active transport, osmosis – method of studying
channels.

Unit II: (20 hour)

Receptors: Sensory receptors - up and down regulation of hormonal receptors - Generator potential

Unit III: (28 hour)

Ionic basis of cell membrane potential –Nernst equation - Goldman Hodgkin equation - generation of action
potential - components of action potential - types of action potential - methods of studying membrane potential and
recording of action potential.

Unit IV: (36 hour)

Homeostasis: definition, Regulatory mechanism – positive and negative feed back mechanisms. Blood volume –
Temperature - Blood glucose and their regulations - Acid base balance

Reference books:
1. Rceptors: Structure and Function, Clare Stanford and Roger Horton - Oxford press
2nd edition 2001.
2. Cell Physiology Molecular dynamics, Henry Tedeschi. Wm.C. Brown Publishers 2nd
Edition. 1993.
3. Text book of Medical Physiology. Author C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition
4. Basic Clinical Physiology-Oxford Medical Publications
5. Review of Medical Physiology. William F. Ganong. The McGraw-Hill companies,
Inc.2003. 21st Edition.

BMS Human physiology III: Physiology III Theory core (112 Hours) (6 Credits)

Unit I: (52 hours)

1. Urinary system: Structure of urinary system and its histology with reference to its
function. Blood supply and its peculiarities with reference to its function. Types of
nephrone.
2. Mechanism of urine formation: Glomerular Filtration Rate - Factors responsible for
Glomerular Filtration - Filtration fraction - Filtration coefficient - Factors regulating
GFR Tubular reabsorbion: Proximal convoluted tubule - renal tubular maxima - renal
thresh hold
3. Loop of Henle: Components in counter current mechanism - Role of exchanger and

31
 multiplier system.
4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): Juxta Glomerular Apparatus - Renin angiotensin
system - Reabsorption and secretary process in the DCT.
Collecting duct: Anti diuretic hormone function - Role in the maintenance of medullary
interstitial fluid - Ureter –urethrorenal reflex - Vesicourethral reflex.

5. Bladder: Structure and innervations with reference to the function - cystometrogram -

Micturtion reflex - urine volume and composition.

Unit II (60 hours)

1. Gastro intestinal system (GI): Structure of GIT - intrinsic and extrinsic nervous system
of GI tract.
2. Salivary gland: composition of saliva - it’s functions.
3. Stomach: Parts and types of glands in stomach - composition of gastric juice and their
functions.
4. Liver: Bile composition and functions - role in digestion - enterohepatic circulation.
5. Pancreas: Pancreatic juice composition and it functions.
6. Digestion and absorption of fat, carbohydrate and proteins.

Reference Books:
1. Human Physiology, Rhoades. Pflanzer – Thomson and Brooks 4th Edition 2003.
2. Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice John B. West 12th edition.1990.
3. Gastrointestinal Physiology, Leonard R.Johnson - Mosby press 6th Edition 2002,
4. Concepts of Human Physiology, Malvin, Johnson, Malvin - 1997

BMS Research methods in Anatomy, Practical (Core 3 Credits) (48 Hours)

Demonstration of perfusion and fixation of animals

Tissue procession of a given tissue piece up to blocking.
Demonstration of microtome parts and their working, working
Demonstration of cryostat, and cryosectioning of a given tissue.
Demonstation of sectioning of the paraffin blocks.
Staining the paraffin sections with H & E, trichrome, PAS and Toluidine blue.
Staining the given sections for Neural cells, myelin, axons and glia using CFV, LFB,
Loyex, Weigert & Pal, Bielchowsky’s silver and modified PTAH methods.
Fluorescent tracer study using DiI – tracing a neural pathway in an animal cadaver.
Demonstration of Nikon microscopes and their accessories
Photomicrography.

LIST OF PRACTICAL CLASSES

1. Perfusion fixation of a rat
2. Tissue processing and embedding in paraffin wax
3. Section cutting of a paraffin block
4. Tissue preparation and sectioning using cryostat
5. Toluidine blue staining
6. Haematoxylin & Eosin staining.
7. Masson’s trichrome staining
8. Mallory’s trichrome staining
9. PAS Staining
10. CFV staining
11. Loyez’s method of staining
12. Glees and Marshland’s modification of Bielchowsky’s silver staining
13. Golgi-cox method of impregnation
14. Modified PTAH staining
15. Viability estimation using Trypan Blue exclusion method
16. Gastrocnemius innervation in frogs – DiI tracer injection
17. Fluorescent Microscopy for DiI labelled tissues
18. Stereological& Morphometry – I. Estimation of gross anatomical parameters such as weight,
gross measurements, volume and specific gravity of various organs.
19. Stereological & Morphometry – II. Estimation of various microanatomical parameters such as
area, volume density, numerical density, axial ratio of different tissue components of various
organs
20. Reconstruction techniques – usage of camera lucida of drawing
21. Isolation of cells from tissues using trypsination for cell culture studies
22. Macro Photography
23. Photomicrography – light and fluorescent microscopy

32
 Books for Reference
1. Theory and practice of Histological Techniques, Bancraft and Marilyn Gamble. Churchill Livingstone, London. 5th
Edition. 2002.
2. Trouble shooting Histology Stains - Churchill Living stone

BMS MEDICAL IMAGING AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE Theory (Elective course - 3 credits) (90 Hours)

Theoretical aspects, exact practical steps and interpretation of results regarding the following techniques
1. X-rays
a. Plain x-rays
b. Angiography
c. Cholangiography
d. Urography both intravenous and retrograde
e. Salphingiography
f. Barium meal, barium swallow and barium enema
2. Ultrasound Investigations
3. Doppler Study for Vascular structures
4. Computerized Tomography – both plain and contrast
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging – both plain and contrast based

BMS1013 Principles of Endocrinology Theory (Elective course - 3 credits) (48 Hours)

Introduction to Endocrine organs - endocrine secretions - Hypothalamo - hypophyseal axis - Hypothalamic

regulation of pituitary functions - Pituitary hormones and their target organs Thyroid glands - Its hormones - Their
functions - The adrenal gland , adrenal cortex - adrenal medulla - cortical hormones and their functions - medullary
hormones and their functions - Hormones of Islets of Langerhans and their functions - Endocrine functions of gonads -
Hormones involved in calcium homeostasis - Endocrine diseases.

BMS 1027 Principles of Genetics I (Theory) Elective Course - 3 Credits (48 Hours)
Candidates with a good biology background are encouraged to take this course. The candidates will be
introduced to the basic terms of genetics which will include Mendelian ratios, linkage and recombination, chromosome
structure and abnormalities, structure and properties of the genetic material and basic biochemical genetics.

1. Essential Genetics , Daniel, L. Hartl. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. 1996.
2. Basic Human Genetics, Rober F. Weaver and Philip W. Hedrick. W.C. Brown
Publishers. Dubuque. 2nd Edition. 1995.
3. Basic Genetics, Gurbachan S. Miglani, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 2000.

BMS 1011 Molecular and cellular endocrinology Theory (Elective course - 3 credits)
(48 Hours)

Course Objective
To provide theoretical background on the molecular aspects of hormone synthesis secretion and action to
those who intend to pursue research in this line.
Syllabus: Chemistry, secretion, metabolism and action of peptide, thyroid, steroid Hormones and biogenic amines
with reference to metabolic regulation. Interaction, gene expression, Mechanism of action of steroid and peptide
hormones - Modulation of hormone secretion. Practical Methodology of Radio (RIA) Immuno assay and Enzyme linked
immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)

DETAILED SYLLABUS 4th SEMESTER

BMS Human Physiology V: Research Methods in Physiology I Theory (Theory

Core130 hours Credits 6)

Unit I: (28 hours)

Cell : Methods of recording of action potentials - method of studying the channels
Clinical disorder with reference to cell division - Turner's Syndrome -Klinefelter syndrome - Down syndrome (trisomy
21) non disjunction

Unit II: (50 hours)

33
Blood: Plasma protein - normal value - separation – its function- Plasmapheresis to show origin - Variation in Health
and disease. Erythrocytes: Morphology -Variation in Physiological and Pathological condition - Factor regulation RBC
production - Diseases affect RBC production - Anemias & its classification - determination of Anemia - Determination
Life span of RBC. Jaundice: classification of Jaundice – Diagnosis - Clinical importance. Reticulocyte counts.
Coagulation disorders and diagnostic test - Clotting time - Prothrombin time - Blood grouping – typing – its importance
- Coombs test –direct and indirect methods. WBC: Function- Variation in Physiological and Pathological condition -
Immune mechanism and antibody formation. Platelets: Origin –morphology – function – variation – disorders. Blood
volume regulation – dehydration - edema – blood volume expanders. Diathesis - Some heritable disorders of blood
coagulation associated with bleeding - Genetic disorders - Classic Hemophilia (factor VIII deficiency) - Von Willebrands
disease (factor VIII deficiency, platelet abnormalities) - Christmas disease (factor IX deficiency) – Thalassemia -
autoimmune disorder - Sickle cell anemia .

Unit III: (32 hours)

Gastro Intestinal system: Gastrointestinal movement - Jakson’s Enterograph - Endoscopy - Fractional test meal -
Different classical pouches to study HCL secretion. Liver function tests.

Unit IV: (20 hours)

Kidney: Tubular function studies –Composition - Urine abnormal constituents - Kidney function tests.

Reference Books:
1. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology, Cyril A. Keele, Eric Neil and Norman Joels
Oxford press- 13th edition 1988
2. Text book of Physiology, Patton, Fuchs, Hille, Scher, Steiner. 21 st edition 1989
3. The Phsiology of Excitable cells, David J. Aidley - Cambridge press- 4 th edition
1998.
4. Gastro intestinal Transit Michael A.Kamm and John E. Lennard-Jones - WB
Publisher 1st edition 1991.
5. Human Physiology , Vander, Sherman, Luciano - WCB Mc Graw Hill 6 th
Edition 1994
6. Cell Physiology Molecular dynamics, Henry Tedeschi. Wm.C. Brown Publishers
2nd Edition. 1993.
7. Sodium – Calcium Exchange, Donald W. Hilgemann, Kenneth D. Philipson, Guy
Vassort- The New York Academy of Sciences- 1996.

BMS Human Physiology VI: Research Methods in Physiology II Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)

Cardio Vascular System

Unit I: (74 hours)
Properties of Cardiac Muscle - General Principle - Einthovan law-Recording - Vector analysis - Diagnostic importance
of ECG – Abnormal ECGs - Heart sound: Phonocardiogram - Abnormal heart sounds - thrills.
Pulse – Recording - Clinical importance - Starling’s law - Starling’s heart lung preparation – Principle and application –
Laplace law-Application- Triple response: Blood flow measurement by dye dilution- Fick’s principle and other methods

Unit II (56 hours)

Respiration: Physiological laws in respiration Mechanics of respiration, Lung volume and capacity, Compliance -
Artificial respiration-Recording-Intrapulmonary pressure recording -Pulmonary function tests - Blood gas analysis.

Reference Books:
1. Human Physiology , David F. Moffett, Stacia B. Moffett, Charles L. Schauf - Mosby -
2nd Edition 1993.
2. Human Physiology , Vander, Sherman, Luciano - WCB Mc Graw Hill 6 th Edition
1994
3. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology, Cyril A. Keele, Eric Neil and Norman Joels
Oxford press- 13th edition 1988.
4. Progress in Sensory Physiology, D. Ottoson - Springer- Verlag - 1989

MSI SU2 Bio-Statistics Theory (Elective Course 48 hours 3 Credits)

Unit I:

34
Frequency distribution- Diagrammatic representation – measures of Central tendency – Dispersion – Probability –
Probability distribution – Binominal, Poisson & Normal Distribution- Applications in Biology , Correlation and
Regression, Multiple and Partial Correlation – Rank Correlation.

Unit II:
Large Sample test – Small Sample test – Student “t” “F”’ tests – Chi-square test for independence and Goodness of fit –
Analysis of Variance, Non parametric Tests – Sign test, Run test, median test, Two Sample Rank test.

BMS 1012 Reproductive Endocrinology Theory (Elective Course 3 Credits48 hours)

Sex differentiation and development of mammalian gonads and accessory sex organs, conception, and contraception
and neuroendocrine perspectives of mammalian reproduction; methods of evaluation of male and female reproductive
functions, semen analysis, hormone assays and induced ovulation.

BMS Physiology Practical III- Research Methods in Physiology (Core 3 Credits 96 hours)

1. Total count- -Arneth count- count-Peripheral smear study,

2. Recording mechanical action potential in frog, Effect of second stimulus, repeated
stimulus Tetanus and fatigue, effect of ions, effect of temperature on frog muscle
3. Demonstrating Starting law
4. Recoding Intestinal movement and drug effect - EMG
5. Isolated and intact frog’s heart preparation: effect of ions and drug on heart - Stannius
ligature - General conduction pathway.
6. ECG recording
7. Blood Pressure - Measurement – Effect of exercise and postural variation on BP.
8. Respiration - Spirometry - Stethograph- Peak flow meters-FEV1-FEV2-

Reference Text books:

1. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
2. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.
3. Manual of Practical Physiology, A.K. Jain. - Avichal publishing company - 3rd
edition 2004

BMS 1028 Principles of Genetics II Theory (3 Credits) (Elective Course 3 Credits)

Pre-requisite: BMS 127-Principles of Genetics I or equivalent course.

This course outlines the tenets of genetics in the areas of molecular genetics, microbial genetics, development genetics
and environmental genetics.

BMS 1078 Basic Pathology Theory Elective Course (48 Hours) (3 Credits)
Acute and Chronic inflammation- Tissue repair, Cellular growth, wound healing - Hemo dynamic disorder, thrombosis
and shock - Genetic diseases - Diseases of Immunity Neoplasia - Infectious Diseases - Environmental and Nutritional
Pathology - Diseases of Infancy & Childhood - Slides of the Condition to be shown and explained - Relevant Specimens
to be studied - Relevant stains to be studied. - Diseases of the specific organs.

Text Book: Cell Tissue and Disease. The basis of pathology Neville Woolf. W.B. Saunders Company Ltd.
Edinburgh. 3rd Edition. 2000.

DETAILED SYLLABUS 5th SEMESTER

BMS Dissertation submission (Core practical, Hours 314, Credit 6)

Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3rd Semester. The candidate will complete their project work and
submit their Dissertation on 15th of November in the 5th Semester.

BMS Physiology practical IV: Clinical examination. Core practical (90 hours 4 Credits)

Clinical examination: General examination - Cardiovascular system – Respiratory system - motor and sensory nerve
system testing.

Reference books:
1. Essentials of Clinical Neurophysiology ,K arl E. Miulis and Thomas C. Head. -Butterworth and Heinemann 3 rd
edition 2003.
2. Hutchison’s Clinical Methods, Michael Swash - W.B.Saunders _ 21st Edition 2002.

35
 3. Clinical Neruophysiology, UK Misra and J, Kalita – Churchill Livingstone- 1st edition 2001.
4. Macleod’s Clinical Examination, John F, Munro and Ian W. Campbell - Churchill Livingstone 10 th Edition 2000.
5. Clinical Methods Wakeley

BMS 1027 Principles of Genetics I (Elective Course, Hours 48 – 3 Credits)

Candidates with a good biology background are encouraged to take this course. The candidates will be a
introduced to the basic tenets of genetics which will include Mendelian ratios, Linkage and recombination, chromosome
structures and abnormalities, structure and properties of the genetics materials and basic biochemical genetics

PHY 2041 Biomedical Instrumentation Theory (Elective Course - 3 Credits)

(48 Hours)

Electro physiology - Bio signal - Acquisition - Measurements and monitoring systems - Sensory measurement and
nervous systems - Clinical laboratory instrumentation - Bio telemetry and electrical safely.

DETAILED SYLLABUS 6th SEMESTER

BMS Human Physiology VII: Advance in Physiology I Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)

Unit I: (28 hours)

Transport: Pinocytosis - transport within cells phagocytosis and exocytosis with special transport proteins involved

Unit II: (28 hours)

Digestive system: GI hormone - GI movements - dietary fibers constipation – Achalasia- Zollinger Ellison syndrome -
reflux esophagitis diverticulities - Megacolon - Dumping syndrome - Appendicitis.

Unit III: (40 hours)

Respiration: - High altitude physiology - Hypoxia classification - Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy - Dyspenic Index
– Cyanosis - Hypercapnia – Asphyxia - Emphysema – Peumothroax and Deep sea physiology –Deep sea diving and its
effect on body gases - Pathological condition affecting gas exchange - Types of respirations.
Types of muscle and exercise. Effect of different exercise mild -moderate and severe aerobic and anaerobic exercises

Unit IV: (34 hours)

Kidney: Micturtion reflex and disorders - cystic fibrosis - Fanconi syndrome - renal glycosuria - Acute and chronic
renal failure - Diseases of kidney and Urinary system - Diuretics - Dialysis – Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis -
Diabetic insipidus.

Reference Books:
1. Comprehensive Human Physiology R. Greger, U. Windhorst – Volume I & II Springer- 1996.
2. Renal Physiolgy, Bruce M, Koeppen and Bruce A. Stanton 2002 3rd Edition

BMS Human Physiology VIII: Advance in Physiology II Theory (Theory Core 130 hours Credits 6)

Unit I: (60 hours)

CVS: blood flow factors affecting, theories for blood flow. - Poussiuille’s law- Pulmonary circulation, Coronary
circulation, Lymphatic circulation, cerebral circulation, splanchnic circulation shock classification

Unit II: (70 hours)

Endocrinology and Reproduction: Definition – Endocrine – Hormones - Methods of study – Alteration - Replacement -
Bio assay – Role of second messengers and its types. Clinical disorders: Sheehan syndrome - Gigantism – Acromegali -
Dwarf: Levi-Lorain dwarf/African dwarf - Diabetic mellitus – Piturary and adrenal diabetics - Insulin shock -
Addisonian crisis - Cushing syndrome – Conn syndrome – Tetany - Pheochromocytoma – Goiter and its types - Graves
disease – Myxedema - Cretinism - Osteoporosis - Adrenogenital syndrome - In appropriate ADH syndrome - Houssay
animal - Fertility control - Fertility clinical Ablation - Replacement therapy for male and females - Determination of
ovulation time – Cloning - Super female - true Hermaphroditism - Gauchers disease

Reference Text books:

1. Essential endocrinology, John Laycock and Peter Wise - 3rd Edition 1996
2. Text book of Endocrine Physiology, James E. Griffin and Sergio R. Ojeda - Oxfort
University press - 4th Edition 2000.
3. The Biochemistry of Cell Signalling, Ernst J.M.Helmreich - Oxfort University press-
1st Edition 2001.

36
BMS Human Physiology IX: Advance in Physiology III Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)

Unit I: (33 hours)

Muscle - Theories of muscle contract - General muscle power testing - Duchene Type muscular dystrophy, Becker’s
muscular dystrophy - Grip dynamometer.

Unit II (33 hours)

Special senses: Theories of colour vision - Color blindness and testing - Visual acuity – Perimetry - Errors of refraction -
Glaucoma - Theories for hearing - deafness testing - Audiometry -Taste adaptation – Smell adaptation .

Unit III (20 hours)

Role of environment on human system - Stress induced alteration in hormonal and factors stress management with
respect to yoga and meditations

Unit IV: (44 hours)

CNS Central Nervous System: Nerve resting membrane potentials - Recording of nerve action potentials - Nerve
conduction velocity – Property of Synapses -
Muscle tone - Regulation of voluntary movement – rigidity – plasticity - Flaccidity – Memory - Sleep – Learning -
cerebral dominance - speech - Movement disorders due to Upper motor and Lower motor neuron lesion - Hemi
section of spinal cord - Wallarian degeneration and regeneration - Basal ganglia disorders - Cerebellar disorders -
Honer’s syndrome.

Reference Text book:

1. Stress and Health research and clinical applications. Dianna T. Kenny, john G. Carlson, F. Joseph McGuigan, Jonh L.
Sheppard – Harwood academic publishers-.2000 edition.
2. Stress and its management by YOGA, K.N. Udupa , R.C. Prasad – Motilal Banarsidass
2nd Edition 1985.

BMS. Practical V: Experimental Physiology (Practical Core110 hours Credits 5)

Clinical examination – Cranial nerve and Autonomic function test

Final viva voce in all theory cores

1st Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and
Faulty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Human Anatomy, Histology &
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Embryology
Principal of Biochemistry Biochemistry, PGIBMS / Faculty

2nd Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and
Faulty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Human Anatomy, Histology &
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Embryology

37
 Principal of Biochemistry Biochemistry, PGIBMS / Faculty

3rd Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Research Method in Anatomy Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Medical Imaging and Institute of Radiology, Govt. General hospital. Chennai.
Radiology
Principles of Endocrinology Endocrinology, PGIBMS / Faculty

4th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Biostatic Biostatistics department, university of
Madras
Reproductive Endocrinology Endocrinology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Computer application in biology Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
and medicine

5th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Dissertation Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Principles of Genetics Genetic, PGIBMS / Faculty
Biomedical instrumentation School of Physical sciences, University of
Madras

6th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS

Subject Course Conducting departments and
Faulty
Physiology Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Final Via voce Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty

BRANCH II - M.Sc. PHYSIOLOGY (INTERDISPLINARY) (COURSE CONTENT)

SUBJECTS & CODE Ist SEMESTER

BMS 1051 Human Anatomy I (Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1053 Human Histology and Embryology (Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1055 Human Physiology I (Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1057 Practical - I - Human Anatomy (Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1059 Practical - II - Human Physiology (Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1071 Principle of Biochemistry- I (Elective - 3 credits)

SUBJECTS & CODE 2nd SEMESTER

BMS 1052 Human Anatomy - II (Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1058 Human Physiology - II (Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1060 Practical - III - Human Anatomy II and Neuro Anatomy(Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1080 Practical - II Human Physiology (Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1072 Principle of Biochemistry- I (Elective 3 Credits)

SUBJECTS & CODE 3rd SEMESTER

BMS Human Physiology III -General physiology (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Human Physiology IV- Physiology III (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Human embryology and Histology II (Core 3 Credits)
BMS Research method in Anatomy (Core 3 Credits)
BMS Medical imaging and radiology (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1013 Principle’s of endocrinology (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1017 Principle’s of Genetics I (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1011 Molecular and cellular endocrinology (Elective 3 Credits)

SUBJECTS & CODE 4th SEMESTER

BMS Human Physiology V -
Research methods in Physiology I (Core 6 Credits)

38
BMS Human Physiology VI -
Research methods in Physiology II (Core 6 Credits)
MSI SU2 Biostatistics (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1012 Reproductive endocrinology (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS Computer application in biology and medicine (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS Physiology practical III-
Research method in Physiology (Core 3 Credits)
BMS 1078 Basic Pathology (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1028 Principals of Genetics II (Elective 3 Credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE 5th SEMESTER
BMS Dissertation (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Physiology practical IV – Clinical Examination (Core 4 Credits)
BMS 1027 Principle’s of Genetics I (Elective 3 Credits)
PHY 2041 Biomedical Instrumentation (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1091 Drug Therapy (Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 2089 Fundamentals of
Environmental toxicology / Neurotoxicology (Elective 3 Credits)

SUBJECTS & CODE 6th SEMESTER

BMS Human Physiology VII- Advances in Physiology I (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Human Physiology VIII- Advances in Physiology II (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Human Physiology IX- Advances in Physiology III (Core 6 Credits)
BMS Practical V –Experimental Physiology (Core 5 Credits)
BMS Final Viva Voce (Core 3 Credits)

Department of Endocrinology

The Department of Endocrinology is a research department. The department has been recognized for
Departmental research support under UGC Special Assistance Programme to facilitate research in the following
thrust areas since 1999. (1) Reproductive and molecular Endocrinology and (2) Environmental Endocrinology. The
Department of Science and Technology Govt. of India has selected the department for Infrastructural and equipment
facilities for research under its FIST programme from 2000 onwards. In addition to this, the department is funded by
various national agencies such as CSIR, DST, DAE, ICMR and UGC. The department undertakes research works
involving evaluation of hormones and receptors and gene expression in endocrine pathophysiology, reproductive and
metabolic disorders and cancer. Evaluation of bioavailability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokineties of contraceptive
hormone preparations, hormone based drugs and plant biomolecules. And new bimolecular in endocrine,
autoimmune metabolic and reproductive disorders. The departmental instrument facility includes electroporator, PCR
machine, ELISA reader, CO incubators, speed vac concentrator, Liquid Scintillation counter, Gamma counter

39
Ultracentrifuge, High speed refrigerated centrifuge, Double beam spectrophotometer, Research microscopes with
Fluorescence, phase contrast and photography, inverted microscope, stero zoom microscope, Ultra deep freezers and
Rotary vacuum flash evaporator. Modern laboratories for Cell culture radioisotope studies and temperature and light
controlled animal experimental room are available. The department has BARC recognized radioisotope laboratory. The
department offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes in Endocrinology and two optional papers and one supportive paper
for M.Sc.students..

FACULTY LIST:

Dr. M.Michael Aruldhas, M.Phil. Ph.D. : Professor and Head

Dr. N.Srinivasan, M.Phil. Ph.D. : Professor
Dr. K.Balasubramanian, M.Phil., Ph.D. : Professor
Dr. J.Arunakaran, M.Phil., Ph.D. : Sr. Lecturer
Dr. B.Ravisankar, M.Phil., Ph.D. : Lecturer

Eligibility for Admission

M.Phil. Endocrinology

Illustration for postgraduate under CBCS with effect from the Academic year 2007-2008.

Master of Philosophy course

Course code Title of the Paper C/E/S Credit

SEMESTER I L T P C
BMS 121 Hormones: Synthesis
Secretion-Transport C 5 1 0 6
And Metabolism
BMS 123 Hormones: Physiological
and Molecular
C 5 1 0 6
Mechanism of action

BMS 125 Hormones:

Pathophysiology and
C 5 1 0 6
Research Methodology

Skill Based Course S 2 2

SEMESTER II
BMS 122 Dissertation and viva-voce C - - - 25
Skill Based Course S 2 2
Total 47

40
 M.Phil. Endorinology (CBCS)

SYLLABUS :

First Semester
BMS 121 – Paper – 1

Hormones: Synthesis-Secretion-Transport and Metabolism

Total credits : 6

1. Hypothalamic hormones (TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH somatostatin)

Structure-synthsis release and regulation.

2. Peptide/protein (GH, prolactin, ACTH, insulin, glucagon, PTH, calcitionin,

Lactogen ) and glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, LH) Structure, Synthesis-
Release and regulation.

3. Steroid hormones (Androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucocorticoids,

Mineralocorticoid) – structure, synthesis-release transport-regulation and
Metabolism.

4. Thyroid hormones-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and

metabolism.

5. Catecholamines-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and metabolism.

6. Indolamines-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and metabolism.

BMS 123 – Paper –II

Hormones: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of action

Total credits : 6

1.Peptide hormone’s receptors, their regulation and transmembrane signaling-Type

of Receptors, G-protein complex, effectors-second messengers, kinases, adaptor
Proteins, transcription factors

2.Nuclear action of peptide hormones binding and activation of gene expression.

3.Steroid/Thyroid hormones-transmembrane and intracellular transport, receptors-

Structure, dimidiation-transformation, translocation into the nucleus and
Interaction and regulation of target gene expression.

4. Physiological action of hormones in the regulation of spermatogenesis, sperm

Maturation, oogenesis and menstrual/estrus cycles, hormones in pregnancy,
Parturition and lactation, contraception.

5. Hormones in calcium, sodium, potassium and glucose homeostasis.

********************

41
BMS 125 Paper –III

Hormones: Pathophysiology and Research Methodology

Total credits : 6

1.Pathophysiology of hypothalamus and pituitary (dwarfism, adenoma,

galacorrhea amenorrhea) adrenal corex (Addison’s disease & Cushing’s
syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia) medulla (Pheocromocytoma),
thyroid (Autoimmune disorder) parathyroid (hypo and hyper
parathyoridism) pancreas (IDDM and NIDDM) and gonads (cystic
ovaries, endometriosis, hypogonadism, cryptorchidism and testicular
carcinoma)

2.Laboratory techniques: Hormone assay-Chemical and Immunoassays

(radiometric and non-radiometric), spectrophotometric and fluorimetric
Techniques, histological and surgical endocrine techniques, semen
analysis.

3.Receptor assays: Extraction, purification, and quantification of hormone

receptors (cell surface, cytosolic and nuclear receptors)

4.Cell culture techniques.

5.Separation techniques-chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation and

Dialysis.

6.Radioisotopes-safe handling radioiodination of peptides, autoradiography.

and management of radioactive waste.

7. Biostatistics: Graphical representation of data, ANOVA, Student’s ’t’ test.

Skill Based Course Credits = 2

BMS 122: DISSERTATION (Second Semester)

42
 Research evaluation by Guide = 8 credits
M.Phil. dissertation = 12 credits
Viva-voice = 5 credits
Total = 25 credits

Skill Based Course Credits = 4

Annexure - I
Course Contents for 2006 – 2007

Department of Endocrinology

I) M.Sc Biomedical Sciences

Details of the Course

1. Name of the degree : M.Sc. Biomedical Sciences

2. Faculty : Science
3. Duration : 2 Years
4. Pattern : Choice Based Credit System
5. Total Number of Credits : 78 Credits
6. The details of papers to : 9 Core Papers; 3 Practicals; 1 Dissertation;
be offered 6 Elective Papers
7. Total Strength : 10
8. Eligibility : Graduation in Life Sciences (except Plant Science),

Medicine and Pharmacy

Core Code Title of the Course C/E/S L T P Credit

SEMESTER I
BMS Biochemistry – I C 3 1 0 4

43
BMS Molecular Biology of the Cell C 3 1 0 4
BMS General Microbiology C 3 1 0 4
BMS Practical I 0 1 3 4
Elective* E 2 1 0 3
Elective* E 2 1 0 3
Skill Based Skill Based Course S 2 2
Courses
SEMESTER II
BMS Biochemistry – II C 3 1 0 4
BMS Molecular Genetics C 3 1 0 4
BMS Principles of Human Physiology C 3 1 0 4
BMS Practical II 0 1 3 4
Elective* E 2 1 0 3
Elective* E 2 1 0 3
Skill Based Skill Based Course S 2 2
Coursed
SEMESTER IIII
BMS Hormones: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, C 3 1 0 4
Secretion, metabolism and physiological actions
BMS Molecular Pathology C 3 1 0 4
BMS Endocrine Pathology C 3 1 0 4
BMS Practical III 0 1 3 4
Elective* E 2 1 0 3
Elective Skill Based Courses 2 2
UOM S 001 Soft Skill S 3 3
SEMESTER IV
BMS Dissertation 0 0 12 12
Skill Based Skill Based Course S 2
Courses
Internship 2

1. Offered by other departments

Core 54; Elective 18 Total Credits : 88

Abstract of the Course Content

Semester I

BMS Biochemistry – I 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Medical Biochemistry

Acids, Bases and Buffer; Thermodynamics of biological system; Classification, structure and functions of carbohydrates,
Amino acids and Lipids, Nucleic acids – Chemistry and Methods of Sequencing.

BMS Molecular Biology of 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Genetics

the Cell

Cell structure, continuous and synchronous cell culture, cell fractionization. Molecular organization of cell, transport of
small and macro molecules, intra cellular organelles. Structure and functions of mitochondria. nucleus, nuclear
envelope, cell cycle, and cell movement. Oncogenes and neoplastic cell group, tumour suppressor genes.

BMS General Microbiology 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Microbiology

BMS Practical - I 0 1 3 4 Dept. of Endocrinology and

Biochemistry

44
Collection and Preservation of biological samples, Principles and uses of Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Flourimeter,
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Beta and Gamma counters, Iso – electric focusing, PAGE.
Cell Counting; vital staining; cell culture; cryopreservation; cell division-different stages in mitotic and meiotic divisions
(alium sepa; grass hopper testis)-
Cell organelles separation and identification
Different staining and cultivation methods in Bacteriology

Semester - II

BMS Principles of Human Physiology 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Physiology

Circulatory system – composition and functions of plasma, blood coagulation, transfer of blood gases. Respiratory
system – components and their functions, Transport of oxygen and CO2, Acid – Base balance. Digestive system –
composition and functions; Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins etc. Excretory system –
Structure of nephron, formation of urine, tubular reabsorption and secretion; Nervous system – organization, nerve
impulses and neurotransmission, Action Potential, Visual auditory pathways.

BMS Molecular Genetics 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Genetics

Molecular organization of chromosomes, Linkage and cross over, Molecular structure of genes, structure and functions
of nucleic acids, replication of DNA and proof reading. Microbial genetics – transformation, transduction and conjugation
in bacteria, phage genetics. Gene expression – transcription, translation and regulation, the Operon model. Human
genetic disorders, genes in population.

BMS Biochemistry – II 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Medical Biochemistry

Classification and Mechanism of action of enzymes, Michaelis – Menton equation, industrial use of enzymes,
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, biological oxidation. Amino acids – deamination, decarboxylation and
transamination, phenylketoneuria, Parkinson’s disease, urea cycle. Synthesis and degradation of purines and
pyrimidines. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication, Transcription and Translation. The meaning of food – Food habits
The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight – Determination – Food and Energy – Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – Factors
influencing BMR

BMS Practical II 0 1 3 4 Depts. of Medical

Biochemistry, Physiology and
Genetics

Ultracentrifugation, Paper chromatography of amino acids and carbohydrates. Purification of enzymes and proteins.
Separation and estimation of Lipids using TLC. Ion-Exchange chromatography, Flow cytometry and DHPLC.
Writing a BASIC computer program to plot graphs of enzyme kinetic data by a variety of linear transforms and the
Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic plot. Extraction of lipids from tissues – separation and estimation using thin layer
chromatography – Neutral lipids and phospholipids. Ion exchange chromatography system – (Demo only) Flow
cytometer – (Demo only) DHPLC (Demo only)

Semester - III

BMS Hormones: Chemistry, biosynthesis, 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Endocrinology

secretion, metabolism and
physiological actions.

Structure, synthesis, regulation and metabolism of peptide and glycoprotien hormones, steroid and thyroid hormones,
catecholamines and indolamines.

BMS Molecular Endocrinology 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Endocrinology

Genetic control of hormone synthesis and principles of hormone actions. Molecular aspects of synthesis and
regulation of peptide, thyroid and steroid hormones and biogenic amines. Genomic and nongenomic actions of steroid
and peptide hormones. Hormones and genes involved in sex differentiation, growth and development. Gene transfer
and knock out models, recombinant DNA technology based hormone production, gene silencing and gene therapy.
Gene manipulation studies in metabolic and reproductive endocrinology.

BMS Endocrine pathology 3 1 0 4 Dept. of Endocrinology

45
 Neuroendocrine disorders, hypo-and hyperthyroidism, Diabeties mellitus, Grave’s disease, congenital adrenal hypo –
and hyperplasia, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, Cushing’s disease, polycystic ovarian disease, cryptorchidism, menstrual
disorders, infertility, hormone resistant syndrome and multiendocrine neoplasia.

BMS Practical III 0 1 3 4 Dept. of Endocrinology

Surgical endocrine techniques, radioiodination of peptides, RIA, ELISA, RRA, Semen analysis, isolation and purification
of cells, cell culture, and gene expression analysis.
Hormonal regulation of selected gene expression

Semester - IV

BMS Dissertation 0 0 12 12 Dept. of Endocrinology

Detailed Syllabus
Semester I
Credits
BMS : BIOCHEMISTRY – I 4
Unit I
pH, acids, bases and buffers, Henderson – Hasselbach equation, osmotic pressure, Donnan membrane equilibrium,
surface tension, viscosity and their biological applications, Thermodynamics of biological systems, first, second and
third laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free energy change and high energy compounds.

Unit II
Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates, structure and properties of biologically important monosaccharides
and disaccharides; Structure and function of homoglycans like starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin and
heteropolysaccharides like glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and bacterial cell wall polysaccharides.
Unit III
Aminoacids – Classification, structure and properties of aminoacids, biological derivatives of amino acids, peptide
bond, classification and properties of proteins (electrophoretic mobility, salting in and salting out), primary, secondary,
tertiary, quarternary structure of proteins and forces stabilizing them, Ramachandran Plot, Isolation, purification and
sequencing of proteins.

Unit IV
Lipids - Classification, structure and functions of lipids and lipoproteins, properties of fatty acids and fats. Vitamins -
Properties, functions as coenzymes and deficiency states of water and fat-soluble vitamins. Minerals and trace
elements.

Unit V
Nucleic acids - Structure of purine and pyrimidine bases, structure of DNA, tRNA and mRNA. Viscosity,
hyperchromic effect, melting point of DNA, Chemical and enzymatic methods of sequencing of nucleic acids.

Books Recommended

Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry, (5th edition),

W.H Freeman Publishers, New York, USA.

Bhagavan NV (2002) Medical Biochemistry, (4th edition), Academic Press, USA.

Bruce A, Johnson Alexander, Lewis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith, Walter Peter (2002) Molecular Biology of the
Cell, (4th edition), Garland Publishing, USA.

Devlin TM (2002) Text Book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, (5th edition), Wiley-Liss, New York, USA.

Garrett RH and Grisham CM (2001) Principles of Biochemistry With a Human Focus, (1 st edition), Harcourt College
Publishers, Orlando.

Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM and Gutteridge J (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press,
USA.

Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.

46
Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky S, and Darnell J (2004) Molecular Cell
Biology, (5th edition), WH Freeman & Company, New York.

Metzler DE (2001) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells,

Vol. 1, (2nd edition), Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando.

Metzler DE (2002) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells,

Vol. 2, (2nd edition), Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando.

Nelson DL and Cox MM (2004), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition) W.H Freeman Publishers, New York,
USA.
Robert K, Murray MD, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW and Murray RK (1999) Harper’s Biochemistry, (25th edition),
McGraw-Hill Publishers, USA.

Voet D and Voet JG (2004) Biochemistry, Vol 1 and 2, (3rd edition), John Wiley & sons, New York, USA.

Zubay GL (1998) Biochemistry, (4th edition), Wm. Brown Publishers, Iowa, USA.

BMS : MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL

Credits
Unit I 4
Cell structure of archae and eubacteria, eukaryotes. Single cell to multicellular organisms, continuous and synchronous
cell culture, cell fractionation. Experimental models: E.coli, yeast, slime mold, C.elegans, Drosophila and Arabidopsis
thaliana.

Unit II

Molecular organization of cell: plasma membrane, lipid bilayer, membrane proteins, carbohydrates, transport of small
and macro molecules-ectocytosis, endocytosis, cytosol, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi,
lysosomes and protein sorting and transporting.

Unit III

Mitochondria-origin, evolution, structure, chemosmotic theory, electron transport chain, electrochemical protein gradient,
respiratory chain, redox potential; chloroplast: origin and evolution, structure, light absorption and conversion of CO 2 to
carbohydrate, carbon fixation, metabolic exchange by chloroplast membrane.

Unit IV

Nucleus, Nuclear envelope, cell cycle, cell growth and division, control of cell division, events in phases: G 1, S, G2, M.
Cytoskeleton and cell movement.

Unit V

Concept of oncogenes; neoplastic cell growth; tumour suppressor genes and their role in cell cycle.

Books Recommended

Cooper GM (2000) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. (2nd edition), ASM Press, Washington, USA

Bruce Alberts(1994) - Molecular Biology of the Cell (Bruce alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts
and James D. Watson (1994) (5th edition),
Published by Garland Science, New York, USA.

Pollard TD and Earnshaw WC. (2002) Cell Biology, Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.

DeRobertis EDP and DeRobertis EMF Jr. (2004) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.

The World of the cell (2003), Becker W, Kleinsmith and Hardin J 5th edition, Benjamin Cummings. San Francisco, USA.

47
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.

Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky S, and Darnell J (2004) Molecular Cell
Biology, (5th edition), WH Freeman & Company, New York, USA.

48
 Credits

BMS - GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 4

Unit I
Introduction to Microbiology, Discovery of Microbes General biology of bacteria : Classification of bacteria Structure of
Bacteria and Function

Unit II
Microscopy I – Basic Principles of microscopy. Microscopy II Different types of bright field Microscopy III – Phase
contrast and Dark field. Microscopy IV – Fluorescence microscopy. Microscopy V : Electron microscopy

Unit III
Bacterial resistance to Physical and Chemical agents. Sterilization & Disinfection, types, evaluation, quality
control. Basic principals, types, techniques and mechanisms of different staining methods in bacteriology

Unit IV
Cultivation methods. Physiology of bacteria I – Growth. Physiology of bacteria II – Metabolism Physiology of bacteria III
– Nutrition, bacteriology of water, food, milk

Unit V
Antimicrobial agents. Mechanism of action of various antibiotics, their evaluation. Quality control

Books Recommended

Introduction to Microbiology – 2nd edn.2000, John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham, Brooks/Cole, London

Microbiology – an Introduction – 7th edn. 2001, Tortora, Funke, Case

Microbiology - Principles and Exploration – 5th Edn. 2002, Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York

Biology of Microorganisms – 10th edn. 2003, Michael T Madigan (edn.) Prentice Hall, London

Microbiology : Lasing M Prescott, 5th edn. 2002. Wm C Brown Publishers Oxford, London

Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn. 2003, Sundararaj A. Chennai – 600 096

General microbiology Robert F Boyd, 5 edn. 2002 St Louis, Times Mirror, Mosby college publishing

Microbiology – 2nd edn. 1998, Joklik (edn), Prentice Hall Inc, London

Fundamentals of Bacteriology – 5th edn 1986, AJ Salle, Tata McGraw Hill

Review of medical microbiology E Jawetz Ernest California, Lange Medical Publication, 2004

Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology virology and immunity Edn. 7 V – 3c bacterial Diseases, Graham Wilson,
London Edward Arnold 2002

Microbiology 7th edn. 2002, Michael J Pelczar New Delhi, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

Credits
PRACTICAL – I 4

Collection and preservation of biological samples.

Principles and uses of colorimetric techniques – Estimation of glucose and urea.

Principles and uses of spectrophotometric techniques – Estimation of proteins and nucleic acids.

Principles and uses of fluorimetric techniques – Assay of NAD / NADH or NADP/ NADPH, Epinephrine /
Norepinephrine.

Principles and uses of PAGE – LDH isoenzyme separation and identification, Serum protein separation and
identification.

Cell Counting; vital staining; cell culture; cryopreservation; cell division-different stages in mitotic and meiotic divisions
( alium sepa; grass hopper testis)-

49
Cell organelles separation and identification

Different staining and cultivation methods in Bacteriology

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry – Zinc and Copper estimation (Demo only)

Isoelectric focusing (Demo only)

Beta and gamma counters (Demo only)

Books Recommended

Farrel SO and Ranallo RT (2000) Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach, Thomson Learning Inc., USA.

Sambrook J and Russell DW (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory

Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press, USA.

Sawhney SK and Singh R (1997) Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New Delhi, India.

Wilson W (2003) Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.

Varley H (1997) Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York, USA.

Caraine JA and Bell ETPT (1974) Hormone Assays and their Clinical Applications, Churchill and Livingstone, Edinburgh,
UK.

Chan DW and Perlstein MT (1987) Immunoassay – A Practical Guide, Academic Press, California, USA.

Chard T (1995) An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques,

Elsevier Publications, USA.

Exbraeyat JM (2001) Genome Visualization by Classical Methods in Light Microscopy, C.R.C.Press, New York, USA..

Masters JRW and Bernhard P (1999) Human Cell Culture, Vol II, Cancer Cell Lines, Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

Price CP and Newman DJ (1996) Principles and Practice of Immunoassay,

(2nd edition), Stockton Press, USA.

Saxena BN (1987) A Handbook of Radioimmuno Assay, Indian Council of

Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

Thorell JL and Larson SM (1978) Radioimmuno Assay and Related

Techniques, C.V.Mosby, St Louis, USA.

Credits
Skill Based Courses 2

SEMESTER II
Credits
BMS : PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 4

Unit I

Circulatory system : Blood – composition and functions of plasma, erythrocytes including Hb, leukocytes and
thrombocytes, plasma proteins in health and diseases. Blood coagulation – mechanism and regulation, Fibrinolysis,
transfer of blood gases.

Unit II

Respiratory system : Components of respiratory system (nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, lungs, bronchi,
bronchioles and alveoli) and their functions. Diffusion of oxygen and CO2; transport of oxygen; role of hemoglobin,
dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin and its significance, Bohr’s effect; Transport of CO 2 and chloride shift. Various
buffer systems of the blood. Acid-base balance; factors affecting acid-base balance, acidosis and alkalosis, role of lung
and kidney in the regulation of acid-base balance.

Unit III

50
Digestive system : Composition, functions and regulation of saliva, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal and bile secretions –
digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals and vitamins. Role of various
enzymes and hormones involved in these processes. Mechanism of HCl formation in stomach, role of bile salts in lipid
digestion and absorption.

Unit IV

Excretory system : Structure of nephron, formation of urine, glomerular filtration, tubular re-absorption of glucose,
water and electrolytes – tubular secretion.

Unit V

Nervous system : Organization of the system, nerve cells, nerve fibres, nerve impulses and neurotransmission,
synapses; Chemical and electrical synapses, functional properties of nerve fiber, action potential, reflex action and
reflex arc. Visual Auditory pathways.

Books Recommended

Keele CA, Neil E and Jacks N (2003) Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology (13th edition), Oxford Medical Publications.

Ganong WF (2003) Review of Medical Physiology, (21st edition), Lange Medical Books / MC-Graw Hill Medical
Publishing division, USA.

Guyton AC and Hall JE (2000) Textbook of Medical Physiology (10th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, USA.

Stuart Ira Fox (2004) Human Physiology, McGraw-Hill¸ USA.

Widmaier EP (2003) Human Physiology : The Mechanisms of Body Functions, McGraw-Hill College Publications, USA.
Credits
BMS : MOLECULAR GENETICS 4

Unit I
Chromosomes and heredity - Molecular organization of chromosomes in viruses, bacteria /and eukaryotic organisms.
Linkage and recombination – crossing over. Repetitive sequences, Transposable elements - terminology &
transposition. Molecular structure of genes.

Unit II
Nature of genetic material – Nucleic acids: Structure and function of DNA, RNA – semiconservative replication
of DNA – Replication of circular DNA – Modes of replication – Fidelity of replication – Proof reading – DNA
repair, Genetic code.

Unit III
Microbial genetics – Methods of DNA uptake – Transformation – Transduction and conjugation in bacteria –
Phage genetics – Phage mutants – Gene recombination in phages – Fine structure mapping in Phage – T4 and
II locus.

Unit IV
Gene expression - Transcription - RNA processing - Messenger RNA – Translation – Ribosomes, Transfer RNA –
Mechanisms of protein synthesis- Regulation of gene expression – The Operon model

Unit V

Mutations, positional cloning (Chromosomal aberrations), human genetic disorders - Genes in population -
Hardy Weinberg (Law).

Books Recommended

Dale JW and Schantz MV (2002) From genes to genomes – Concepts and Applications of DNA Technology, John
Willey & Sons Ltd, England.

Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, USA

51
Primrose SB Twyman RM and Old RW (2001) Principles of gene manipulation (6th edition), Blackwell publishers, USA.

Strachan T and Reed AP (2004) Human Molecular Genetics, (3rd edition), Garland Science, London.

Credits
BMS : BIOCHEMISTRY – II 4

Unit I
Enzymes - Classification of enzymes, active site and mechanism of enzyme action, Derivation of Michaelis-
Menton equation, Determination of Km, bisubstrate reactions, types of inhibition, industrial use of enzymes,
designer enzymes, ribozymes, biosensors, immobilized enzymes.

Unit II
Carbohydrate metabolism - Glycolysis, TCA cycle, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, interconversion of hexoses,
gluconeogenesis, significance of HMP shunt, blood glucose homeostasis, glycogen storage diseases, diabetes
mellitus, lactose intolerance and fructosuria.
Biological Oxidation - Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, free radicals and defense
mechanisms.

Unit III
Amino acids - Deamination, decarboxylation and transamination reactions of amino acids, Phenyl ketonuria,
homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, Parkinson’s disease, histidinemia, Hartnup’s disease and alkaptonemia. Urea cycle,
deficiency of urea cycle enzymes, glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids.

Unit IV
Lipid metabolism - Metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol, bile acids and ketone bodies, lipoprotein
metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Nucleic acids - de novo synthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines, salvage pathway, Lesch Nyhan
syndrome and hyperuricemia.

Unit V
The meaning of food – Food habits - The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight – Determination – Food and Energy –
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – Factors influencing BMR – Respiratory quotient – Food value of different commodities,
conventional and novel sources of food. Bacterial food poisoning and its prevention – Fermentation and fermented food
products. Mycotoxins, aflatoxin citrinin, patulin and mycotoxicosis.

Books Recommended

Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry, (5th edition), Freeman & Company, New York, USA.

Bhagavan NV (2002) Medical Biochemistry, (4th edition), Academic Press, USA.

Bruce A, Johnson Alexander, Lewis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith, Walter Peter (2002) Molecular Biology of the
Cell, (4th edition), Garland Publishing, USA.

Devlin TM (2002) Text Book of Biochemistry with clinical correlations, (5th edition), Wiley-Liss, New York, USA.

Garrett RH and Grisham CM (2001) Principles of Biochemistry With a Human Focus, (1 st edition), Brooks/Cole
Publishing of Thompson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.

Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, Philadelphia, USA .

Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky S, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D and Darnell JE (1999) Molecular Cell Biology, (5th edition),
WH Freeman & Company, New York, USA.

Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM and Gutteridge J (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press,
USA..

Metzler DE (2001) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, Vol. 1, (2nd edition), Academic Press, New
York, USA.

Metzler DE (2002) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, Vol. 2, (2nd edition), Academic Press, New
York, USA.

Nelson DL and Cox MM (2004), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition)

W.H Freeman Publishers, New York, USA.

52
 Robert K, Murray MD, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW and Murray RK (1999) Harper’s Biochemistry, (25 th
edition), McGraw-Hill Publishers, USA.

Voet D and Voet JG (2004) Biochemistry, Vol 1 and 2, (3rd edition), John Wiley & sons, New York, USA.

Zubay GL (1998) Biochemistry, (4th edition), Wm. Brown Publishers, Iowa, USA.

Credits
PRACTICAL – II 4

Ultracentrifuge – Density Gradient centrifugation and isolation of subcellular fractionation of organelles from liver cells
and identification by use of marker enzymes.

Paper chromatography – Amino acids and carbohydrates, Purification of protein using ion exchange columns, gel
Unit III
filtration, affinity chromatography.
Enzyme kinetics and purification – Alkaline phosphatase.

Writing a BASIC computer program to plot graphs of enzyme kinetic data by a variety of linear transforms and the
Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic plot.

Extraction of lipids from tissues – separation and estimation using thin layer chromatography – Neutral lipids and
phospholipids

Ion exchange chromatography system – (Demo only)

Flow cytometer – (Demo only), DHPLC (Demo only)

Books Recommended

Farrel SO and Ranallo RT (2000) Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach, Thomson Learning Inc., USA.

Sambrook J and Russell DW (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory

Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press, USA.

Sawhney SK and Singh R (1997) Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New Delhi, India.

Wilson W (2003) Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.

Varley H (1997) Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York, USA.

Credits
Skill Based Course 2

SEMESTER III
Credits
4
BMS : HORMONES - CHEMISTRY, BIOSYNTHESIS,
SECRETION, METABOLISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS

Unit I
Hypothalamic hormones (TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, somatostatin) _ structure, synthesis, release and regulation.

Unit II
Peptide/protein (GH, prolactin, ACTH, insulin, glucagon, PTH, calcitonin and glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, LH) –
structure, synthesis, release and regulation.

Steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, progestin, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid) – structure, synthesis, release,
regulation, transport and metabolism.

Unit IV
Thyroid hormones – structure, synthesis, release, regulation, transport and metabolism.

53
Unit V
Catecholamines and Indolamines – structure, synthesis, release, regulation, transport and metabolism.

Unit VI
Physiological actions of GH, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, glucagon, PTH and calcitonin.

Books Recommended

Becker KL (2001) Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lippincott- Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.

Braverman LE and Utiger RD (2000) Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid, A Fundamental and Clinical Text, (8 th edition),
Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

Conn PM and Goodman HM (1998) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.1, Cellular Endocrinology,
Section 7, Oxford University Press, New York, USA..

DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.

Fray JC (1999) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.III: Endocrine Regulation of Water & Electrolyte
Balance, Section 7, Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

Griffin JE and Ojeda SR (2000) Text Book of Endocrine Physiology, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, USA.

Hoftman JF and Jamieson JD (1997) Hand Book of Physiology, Cell Physiology, Section 14, Oxford University Press,
New York, USA.

Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS (2003), Williams Text book of Endocrinology, (10 th edition), W.B.
Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.

Knobil E and Neil JD (1994) The Physiology of Reproduction, Vol. I and II

(2nd edition), Raven Press, New York, USA.
Kostyo JL and Goodman HM (1999) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.V, Section 7, Hormonal
Control of Growth, Oxford University Press, USA.

Mc Even B (2001) Hand Book of Physiology, Vol IV, Oxford University Press, New York. USA.

Semester III
Credits
BMS : MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 4

Unit I
Introduction – Genetic control of hormone synthesis – Expression of a protein – encoding gene. Molecular
aspects of hormone secretion, principles of hormone action.

Unit II
Molecular aspects of the synthesis and regulation of peptide (GnRH, TRH, CRH, GHRH, FSH, LH, TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH,
PTH, Insulin & Glucagon).

Unit III
Molecular aspects of the synthesis and regulation of thyroid and steroid hormones and biogenic amines.

Unit IV
Steroid hormones – Receptor – Expression, distribution, regulation and interaction with DNA – Transcription of specific
mRNA – Post-transcription and post-translation effects, non-genomic actions.

Unit V

54
Peptide hormones – Cell surface receptors – Kinetics and regulation, internalization, desensitization,
autophosphorylation and regulation of gene expression, G-proteins – structure and role in signal transduction,
Effector system and second messengers, Protein kinases and cellular responses.

Unit VI
Functional characterization of hormones – Gene silencing – gene over expression – transgenic and knockout model.

Books Recommended

Baniahmad H (2002) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol 202, Thyroid Hormone Receptors, Methods and Protocols,
Humana Press, USA.

Conn PM and Means AR (2000) Principles of Molecular Regulation, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.

DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.

Freifelder D (1987) Molecular Biology(2nd edition), Jones and Barlett Publishers, Philadelphia, USA

Heldin C and Purton M (1996) Signal transduction, Chapman and Hall, London, UK.

Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA

Radovick S and Mac Gillivray MH (2003) Pediatric Endocrinology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.

Rumsey R and Farrow M (2000) Molecular Endocrinology, Academic Press, New York, USA.

Baxter JD (2002) Genetics in Endocrinology, Lippincott- Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

Dale JW and Schantz MV (2002) From genes to genomes – Concepts and

Applications of DNA Technology, John Willey & Sons Ltd, England.

Freifelder D (1987) Molecular Biology(2nd edition), Jones and Barlett Publishers, Philadelphia, USA

Primrose SM, Twyman RM and Old RW (2001) Principles of Gene Manipulation, (6 th edition), Blackwell Publications,
Victoria, Australia.

Radovick S and Mac Gillivray MH (2003) Developmental Endocrinology – From research to Clinical Practice, Humana
Press, San Diego, USA.

Shupnik MA (2000) Gene Engineering in Endocrinology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
Strachan T and Reed AP (2004) Human Molecular Genetics, (3rd edition),
Garland Science, London.

55
 Credits
BMS : ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY 4

Unit I
Neuroendocrine disorders – Obesity; diabetes insipidus; pituitary tumors – pathology and diagnostic tools.

Unit II
Metabolic endocrine disorders – Hypo- and hyperthyroidism; diabetes mellitus (type II); bone metabolic diseases –
osteoporosis and osteopetrosis; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; cushing’s disease

Unit III
Autoimmune diseases; Principles - Graves disease; thyroiditis ; congenital adrenal hypoplasia; diabetes mellitus (type
I).

Unit IV
Reproductive disorders – polycystic ovarian disease; cryptorchidism; male and female sexual disorders and infertility;
menstrual disorders; pre- and postmenopausal syndromes.

Unit V
Molecular pathology – Hormone resistance syndrome (eg. Feminizing syndrome, Hypoparathyroidism, Dwarfism),
Multiendocrine neoplasia – molecular screening of endocrine disorders – medullary thyroid carcinoma, central
hypothyroidism; diabetes mellitus.

Books Recommended

Bilezikian JP, Raisz, LG and Rodan GA (2002) Principles of Bone Biology, Vol 1 and 2, (2nd edition), Academic Press,
California, USA.

Coe FL and Favus MJ (2002) Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, (2 nd edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.

DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.

Econs MJ (2002) The Genetics of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.

Ethier SP (2000) Endocrine Oncology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.

Gill RG, Harmon JT and Mac Laren NK (2002) Immunologically Mediated Endocrine Diseases, Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.

Greenspan FS and Gardner G (2003) Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, (7 th edition), Lange Medical Books, New York,
USA.

Henry HL and Norman AW (2003) Encyclopedia of Hormones, 3 Vol, Academic Press, New York, USA.

Jameson JL (1999) Hormone Resistance Syndrome, Humana & Press, New Jersey, USA.

Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS (2003), Williams Text book of Endocrinology, (10 th edition), W.B.
Saunder Company,
Philadelphia, USA.

Le Roith D, Tayler SI and Olafsky JM (2001) Diabetes Mellitus - A Fundamental and Clinical Text, (2 nd edition),
Lippincott –Willimas & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

Lloyd RV (1990) Endocrine Pathology, Springer Verlag, New York, USA.

Credits
BMS : PRACTICAL III 4

Surgical endocrine techniques – Thyroidectomy, Gonadectomy, Adrenalectomy.

Radioiodination of peptide hormones – Radioimmunoassay and ELISA of steroid and peptide hormones –
Radioreceptor assay.

56
Semen analysis – Phases of estrus cycle – Isolation and purification of cells –
DNA isolation and purification, Gene expression studies – PCR and Real Time PCR techniques, Northern or Southern
and western blotting, Gel documentation.

Books Recommended

Brown TA and Brown TA (2001) Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis : An Introduction, (4th edition), Blackwell Science Inc,
USA.

Glover DM and Hames D (1995) DNA Cloning : 2. Expression Analysis : A Practical Approach, (2nd edition), IRL Press,
USA.

Masters JRW and Bernhard P (1999) Human Cell Culture, Vol II, Cancer Cell Lines, Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

Ravid K and Freshney RI (1998) DNA Transfer to Cultured cells, A John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publications, USA.

Sambrook J, and Russell T (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory

Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, USA.

Spector DL, Goldman RD and Leinwand LA (1998) Cells – A Laboratory Manual, Vol 1, 2, and 3, Cold Spring
Harbour Laboratory Press, USA.

Credits

Skill Based Course 2

Credits
BMS : DISSERTATION 12

 Elective papers – Two papers in I, II & III semesters 18

(3 credits / paper)

Credits
Skill Based Course 2

Credits
Internship 2

Total Credits 88 M.Sc. CBCS

(elective only)

BMS Molecular and Cellular M.Michael Aruldhas

1011 Endocrinology L T P C N.Srinivasan
2 0 1 3 K.Balasubramanian
J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar

1) Pre-requirement : Nil
2) Course Objective
To provide theoretical background on the molecular aspects of hormone
Synthesis, secretion and action to those who intend to pursue research in this line

3) Syllabus : Chemistry, secretion, metabolism and action of peptide, thyroid,

steroid hormones and biogenic amines with reference to metabolic regulation and
gene expression. Molecular mechanism of regulation of synthesis and secretion
of hormones. Mechanism of action of steroid and peptide hormones. Practical
methodology of Radio Immuno assay (RIA) and Enzyme linked immuno absorbent
assay (ELISA).

BMS Reproductive M.Michael Aruldhas

1012 Endocrinology L T P C N.Srinivasan
K.Balasubramanian

57
 2 0 1 3 J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar

1) Pre-requirement : Nil
2) Course objective:
To provide detailed information on hormones involved in reproductive
functions and to enlighten about the current developments in fertility
regulations.

3) Syllabus: Sex differentiation and development of mammalian gonads and accessory

sex organs, conception, and contraception and neuro endocrine perspectives of
mammalian reproduction; methods of evaluation of male and female reproductive
functions, semen analysis, hormone assays and induced ovulation.

M.Sc. (CBCS) Supportive

BMS Principles of M.Michael Aruldhas

1013 Endocrinology L T P C N.Srinivasan
2 0 0 2 K.Balasubramanian
J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar

1) Pre-requirement : Nil

2) Course objective : To provide theoretical knowledge on the chemistry synthesis, secretion. Metabolism and
function of hormones

3) Syllabus : Introduction to endocrine organs-secretions – hypothalamo-hypo

physeal axis – regulation of pituitary function- target organs-thyroid – adrenal-
gland-hormones & functions - Hormones of Islets of Langerhans and their functions
Gonadal functions and hormones involved in calcium homeostasis-Endocrine
diseases.

******

58
 DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
2007-2008
1. Name of the Course :

Master of Science (M.S.) in Neuroscience under Faculty of Medicine

2. Nature of the Course :

Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with Semester System -2 years (4 semesters)

3. Effect : With effect from 2007-2008 and thereafter

4. Course Content - M.S. Neuroscience (Faculty of Medicine)

SEM Course Title Theory / Credits Course faculty

code Practical
Core / Elective
Human Anatomy I
BMS C601 (upper limb, lower limb, abdomen, Theory - Core 3 All faculties
pelvis and perineum)
Dept. of
BMS C602 Human Physiology I Theory - Core 4
Physiology
Practical I Practical -
BMS C603 2 All faculties
I Human Anatomy I Core
Practical II Practical - Dept. of
BMS C604 3
Human Physiology I Core Physiology
Elective* Theory -
E 3
Elective
Theory -
E Elective* 3
Elective
UOM S
Soft skill 2
001
Total 20
* Suggested Electives
BMS E001 – Principles of Biochemistry I (By: Dept of Bio Chem)
BMS E714 - Human Histology (By: Dept. of Anatomy)

SEM Course Title Theory / Credits Course faculty

Code Practical
Core / Elective
BMS Human Anatomy II Theory - Core
3 All faculties
C634 (Head and Neck and Thorax)
BMS Neuroanatomy Theory – Core All faculties &
3
C635 Guest Faculty
BMS C606 Human Physiology II Theory - Core Dept. of
4
Physiology
BMS C607 Practical III Human Anatomy II Practical -
II 2 All faculties
Core
BMS C608 Practical - V Human Physiology II Practical - Dept. of
3
Core Physiology
E Elective* Theory -
3
Elective
E Elective** Theory -
3
Elective
UOM S Soft skill
2
002
Total 23
* Suggested Electives
BMS E002 – Principles of Biochemistry II (By: Dept of Bio Chem)
BMS E – Basic Pathology (By: Dept. of Pathology)

59
 SEM Course Title Theory / Credits Course faculty
code Practical
Core / Elective
BMS Neuro Chemistry Theory – Core
3 Guest faculty
C636
BMS C610 Neuro Physiology Theory – Core Dept. of
3 Physiology &
Guest faculty
BMS C611 Neuro pathology Theory – Core 2 Guest faculty
BMS C612 Medical Imaging and Radiology Theory – Core All faculties &
III 2
Guest faculty
BMS C613 Practical V: Neuro Physiology Practical – Dept. of
2
Core Physiology
E Elective* Theory –
3
Elective
E Elective* Practical –
3
Elective
UOM S Soft skill
2
003
UOM I 001 Internship 2
22
* Suggested Electives
BMS E706 - Research Methods in Neuroscience – 3 Credits Theory – By Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E707 - Practical IV: Research Methods in Neuroscience – 3 Credits Practical –
By Dept. of Anatomy

SEM Course Title Theory / Credits Course faculty

Code Practical
Core / Elective
BMS C614 Clinical Neurology Theory – Core 3 VHS
BMS C615 Clinical Neuro surgery, Theory – Core
Neurological Treatment and 3 VHS
Rehabilitation
BMS C616 Neuro Microbiology, Neuro Theory – Core Dept. of
3
Virology, Neuro Immunology Microbiology
BMS C617 Psycho Pharmacology Theory – Core Dept. of
IV 3
Pharmacology
BMS C637 Research Project Practical –
6 All faculties
and Dissertation Core
BMS C619 Clinical Examination & Final Viva Practical –
3 VHS
Core
UOM S Soft skill
2
004
23

Total Credits = 88 (Core – 60 + Elective -18 + Soft skill – 8 + Internship - 2)

60
DETAILED SYLLABUS

SEMESTER I

BMS C601 Human Anatomy – I 2 1 0 3

Unit I : Introduction to Anatomy and Upper Limb

Anatomical position – terms used in anatomy – bones and joints of upper limb – muscle groups of upper limb –
arterial supply and venous drainage – lymphatic drainage - axilla – cubital fossa – carpel tunnel – brachial
plexus – nerves of upper limb

Unit II : Anatomy of Lower Limb

Bones and joints of lower limb – muscle groups – arterial supply – venous drainage – lymphatic drainage -
femoral triangle – popliteal fossa – sub-sortorial canal – anastamotic chain of thigh – arches of foot – layers of
sole

Unit III : Anatomy of abdominal wall and abdominal viscera

Abdominal wall – peritoneal reflection and cavity – anatomy of abdominal organs: stomach, duodenum,
jejunum and Ileum, colon, liver, extrahepatic biliary apparatus, pancreas, spleen, kidney, ureter, supra-renal
gland

Unit IV : Anatomy of pelvis and pelvic organs

Skeletal pelvis – divisions of pelvis – anatomy of pelvic and reproductive organs: bladder, uterus and fallopian
tube, ovary, seminal vesicle, prostate, rectum, anal canal

Unit V : Anatomy of Perineal Region

Divisions of perineal region – external genitalia of male and female – scrotum – testis – anal sphincters –
inguinal canal

List of Reference Books

1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.

****

BMS C602 Human Physiology – I 3 1 0 4 Faculty, Dept. of Physiology

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus

****

61
BMS C603 Practical I : Human Anatomy I 0 0 2 2

Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from upper limb, lower limb, abdomen,
pelvis and perineal regions of human cadaevar.

****
BMS C604 Practical II: Human 0 0 3 3
Physiology – I
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****

SEMESTER II

BMS C634 Human Anatomy – II 2 1 0 3

Unit I : Neck Region

Muscle groups of neck region – cervical vertebrae – branches of carotid arteries – jugular veins – triangles of
neck – mid line structures of neck: trachea, oesophagus, thyroid, parathyroid, larynx

Unit II : Thorax region

Thoracic vertebrae – ribs – sternum – thoracic cage – diaphragm – pleura – lungs – heart – thymus – thoracic
duct – azygos system of veins - mediastinum

Unit III : Head region

Skull – norma, cranial fossae – facial muscles – muscles of mastigation – oral cavity & tongue – tonsils –
pharynx – nasal cavity – eye ball – extraocular muscles – ear – salivary glands – paranasal sinuses

List of Reference Books

1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Reference Books:
4. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
5. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
6. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
7. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
8. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
9. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
10. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
11. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
12. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
13. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
14. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
15. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5th Edn.)
2002.
16. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
17. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.

62
BMS C635 Neuroanatomy 2 1 0 3 All faculty

Unit I: Cranial cavity and CNS

Meninges – dural venous sinuses – cerebral cortex: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections –
cerebellum: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections – Thalamus – hypothalamus – limbic
system – mid brain – nuclei of mid brain – medulla – spinal cord

Unit II: PNS and ANS

Spinal nerve formation – spinal nerve plexuses – cranial nerves – sympathetic chain – sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
through various cranial and spinal nerves – autonomic nerve plexuses and their functions

1. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.

2. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
3. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.

****

BMS C606 Human Physiology - II 3 1 0 4 Faculty Dept. of Physiology

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus

****

BMS C607 Practical - III Human Anatomy- II 0 0 2 2

Anatomy cadaver demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from head, neck and thoracic regions of
human cadaver and from brain and spinal cord

****

BMS C608 Practical IV: Human 0 0 3 3 Faculty Dept. of Physiology

Physiology – II

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus

****
SEMESTER III

BMS C636 Neuro Chemistry 2 1 0 3 Dr. Kalaiselvi

Dept of Medical
Biochemistry

Unit I
Cellular Neurochemistry - i) Energy metabolism/glycolysis ii) Lipids of CNS iii) Carbohydrates, proteins , aminoacids
Neural processing and behaviour - i) Endocrine effects on brain ii) Learning , memory and behaviour
Development and differentiation - i) Biochemistry of CNS development ii) Biochemistry of ageing and age related
disorders.

Unit II
Applied Neurochemistry - Inherited and Neurodegenerative diseases
i) Disorders and carbohydrate , lipids and mitochondria metabolism
ii) Disorders of muscle iii) Disorders of aminoacid metabolism
iv) Disorders of basal ganglia v) Biochemistry of dementia.

Unit III
Neuropshychiatric disorder
i) Neurochemistry of schizophrenia ii) Biochemistry of mood and anxiety disorder
iii) Neurochemical aspects of drug of abuse
Neuroimmunology
Immune system and brain; Immunopathological mechanism operative in brain disease.

63
Unit IV
Clinical Biochemistry--Automated analysis, Blood profile, CSF profile,
Neurochemistry - Protein estimation , electrophoresis HPLC exposure , radio ligand
binding , Fluorescence ELISA , RIA , Enzymes.

References

Basic Neurochemistry, George,.J. Siegel, (Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Wilkins 6th Edn. ). 1999.

****

BMS C 610 Neuro physiology 2 1 0 3 Dept. of Physiology, PGIBMS &

NIMHANS, Bangalore

Unit I
Neurobiology of sensation and sensory processing; mechanism of movements and it regulations; neurobiology of
emotion; motivation; leaning and memory and neural substrate of different states of conciousness.

Unit II
Trophic factors, extra cellular matrix components in nervous system development. Neuron-Glia interactions in
development. Cellular neurophysiology - synapses and neuronal signaling.

Unit III
An over view of the neurobiology of sensation and sensory processing. Principal mechanisms of movement and its
central control. Neurobiology of emotion and motivation.

Unit IV
Neural substrates regulating the states of consciousness.
Neurobiology of learning and memory.

Unit V
Neuro physiological basis of psychiatric disorder.
Neuro physiological basis of neurological disorders.

****

BMS C611 Neuro Pathology 1 1 0 2 Dr. Sarasabarathi

Arumugam- Guest
faculty
Unit I
Organisation of the nervous system macroscopic and histological features
Fine structural features of the nervous system

Unit II
Cytogenesis of brain cells
Blood Brain Barrier - structural and functional aspects
Morphological histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of skeletal muscle
Unit III
Peripheral nerves - structure, development and diseases
Dystrophinopathies and congenital myopathies

Unit IV
Regeneration of the nervous system
Neuropathology of infections of nervous system - Tissue reaction
Neuropathology of ischemia - evolution of lesions

Unit V
Neuro-Oncology - Cellular and molecular aspects
Neurodegeneration

****
BMS C612 Medical Imaging and Radiology 1 1 0 2 Guest Faculty

Unit I
Principles of medical imaging and radiology: x-rays, angiograms, contrast x-rays, MRI, CT, ultrasound, echocardiogram

64
Unit II
Practical demonstration of performing various imaging techniques

Unit III
Medical Imaging and Radiology of limbs and thorax: features of normal study, signs of pathology in limbs and thoracic
organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

Unit IV
Medical Imaging and Radiology of abdomen and pelvis: features of normal study, signs of pathology in various
abdominal and pelvic organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

Unit V
Medical Imaging and Radiology of head, brain and spinal cord: features of normal study, signs of pathology in head,
brain and spinal cord through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

****

BMS C613 Practical VI 0 0 2 2 Dept of Physiology, PGIBMS &

Neuro Physiology NIMHANS, Bangalore

Unit I
1.Demonstration of different structures of human brain.
2.Demonstration of nerve action potential.
3.Demonstration of primary neuronal culture technique.

Unit II
4.Stereotaxic technique to demonstrate the effect of lesioning and
stimulation of various brain regions.

Unit III
5.Polysomnographic recording to study sleep wakefulness cycle.
6.In vivo and in vitro recording of single and multi unit activity.

Unit IV
7.Demonstration of EEG, EMG and Evoked Potentials will be carried out in collaboration with th Department of
Neurology.

Unit V
8.Demonstration of motor skills learning and memory in experimental animals

65
 SEMESTER IV

T.S. Srinivasan Center

BMS C614 Clinical neurology - 2 1 0 3 for Clinical
Neurosciences
VHS Medical centre

Faculty members: Prof. K. Krishnamoorthy Srinivas : Chairman & Honorary Visiting Professor
Dr.E. S. Krishnamoorthy Head of Research and Consultant in Behavioural Neuroscience &
Honorary Visiting Professor

Unit I.
Essentials of Clinical Neurology
Symptoms in neurological disease
The Neural examination
Common diagnostic tests in Clinical neurology
Special diagnostic approaches & their appropriate use
Clinical case presentation & discussion

Unit II
Neurological Disorders manifesting in childhood
Disorders due to birth injury and impaired neurodevelopment
Genetic diseases of the central nervous system
Mitochondrial and Neurocutaneous syndrome
Disorders of nerve and muscle in childhood
Other hereditary disorders

Unit III
Clinical Neurological syndrome ( Including clinical case presentation)
Stroke
Headache & other pain syndromes
Epilepsy
Movement disorders
Infections
Demyelinating disorders

Unit IV
Disorders of nerve & Muscle in adults
Neurobehavioral syndromes
Autonomic Nervous system syndromes.
Environmental, occupational, Iatrogenic & system neurological disorders.
Alcohol & Drug dependence
Iatrogenic neurological disease

Unit V
Occupational & Environmental neurology
Endocrinal and metabolic neurology
Systemic neurological syndromes and the interface between general medicine and neurology

****

66
 BMS C615 Clinical Neuro surgery, T.S. Srinivasan Center
Neurological treatment and 2 1 0 3 for Clinical
Rehabilitation. Neurosciences
VHS Medical centre

Unit I
Clinical neurosurgery
Essentials of Neurosurgery
Trauma - Diagnosis and management
Tumours - Diagnosis and Management
Common neurosurgical procedures
Novel Neurosurgical therapies
clinical case presentation

Unit II
Neurological treatment and Rehabilitation (50 hours)
The principles of neurological and neurosurgical treatment.
Prescribing for neurosurgical illness.

Unit III
The treatment of medical & psychiatric co - morbolity
The six friendly men of neurosurgery : who, what, why, when , where & how?
Understanding and evaluating disablement in neurological disorders

Unit IV
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy

Unit V
Cognitive & neurobehavioral rehabilitation
Psychological therapies for neurological diseases
An evidence based approach to the patient with a neurological illness.
Neurological & Neuro surgical Research : Principle and Practice ( 10 Hours).

Books for reference:

Neurological in clinical practice - volumes 1&2 Eds, Bradley et al

Principles of Neurology - Adams & Victor
Textbook of Neurosurgery - Ramamurthi
Neurological Rehabilitation - ed. Greenwood

Essential Reading:
Neurology & Neurosurgery Illustrated - Lindsay, Bone & Carpenter
Merrit's Neurology handbook - Ma zzoni & Rowland
Lecture notes & Reference papers

67
 ****
Neuro Microbiology, 2 1 0 3 Dr.P.Rajendran
BMS C616 Neuro Virology and Dr. Thangam Menon
Neuro Immunology
Unit I
1.Principles of general Microbiology.
2. Microbes and man.
3. Host-Microbe relationship.
4. Infectious diseases.
5. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections: its realities and myths.
6. Principles of neuro microbiology
Unit II
7. Blood barrier and CNS infections.
8. Pathogenesis of CNS microbial infections.
9. Laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections.
10. Neuro tuberculosis and Neuro cysticercosis.
11. Antibiotics and Microbes.
12. Prevention, control and public health aspects of CNS infections.
Unit III
1. Preparation of culture media, stains etc.
2. Isolation of bacteria, mycobacteria and funji.
3. Biochemical characterization and antibiogram.
4. Immunological diagnosis of infectious diseases.
5. Serological assays.
6. Use of PCR in the diagnosis of Infections.
Unit IV Neurovirology
1. Viral infections of CNS
2. Viral Neurotropism
3. Pathogenesis of viral infection of CNS.
4. Lab diagnosis of viral infections of CNS.
5. Prevention and control of viral infections of CNS.
6. HIV and the nervous system Prions.
7. Japanese encephalitis Rabies.
Unit V Neuroimmunology
1. Fundamentals of neuroimmunology
2. Viral Immopathology in CNS
3. Psychoneuro immunology
4. Immunology : Basic techniques - Elisa, IFA, Western Blot, Virus Neutralization.
5. Cell Culture: Growth and maintenance of cell culture, storage and revival of cell lines,
lymphocyte cultures
6. Virology: Virus growth and titration animal inoculations.

BMS C617 Psycho Pharmacology 2 1 0 3 Guest Faculty

Unit I: Mechanism of action of important drugs used to treat Psychiatric and Neurological disorders ,

Unit II: Pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions.

Unit III: Animal models of amnesia, learning and recall

Unit IV: Animal models of anxiety and depression

Unit V: Animal models for the assessment of functioning of neuroreceptor

BMS C637 Research Project and 0 0 6 6 All Faculty

Dissertation

BMS C619 Clinical Examination T.S. Srinivasan Center for Clinical

and 2 1 0 3 Neurosciences
Final Viva VHS Medical centre

68
Name of the Degree : M.Sc (Medical Microbiology)

Faculty : Medicine

Duration : Three Years

Pattern : CBCS

Total Number of Credits : 131

Details of the papers to

be offered (credits) : Core : 90
Elective : 27
Soft skill and Internship: 14

Total strength : 10

Eligibility : B.Sc (Microbiology, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology,

Biology, Medical lab technology, )

Year Semester Core Practical Intern Elective Soft Total Subtotal G

skill total
I I 16 3 2 21 39 131
II 13 3 2 18
II III 18 6 2 26 43
IV 12 3 2 17
II V 12 6 2 20 49
VI 19 2 6 2 29

First year
Semester I
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C301 Human anatomy I 3 3
BMS C302 Human anatomy II * 3 3
BMS C303 Human physiologyI* 4 4
BMS C308 Practical I (anatomy)* 3 3
BMS C305 Practical II (Physiology)* 3 3
BMS Elective 1 * 3
Soft skill 2
Total 21

Semester II
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C306 Human Anatomy III* 3 3
BMS C307 Human physiology II* 4 1 4
BMS C308 Practical III (Human AnatomyII)* 2 1 3
BMS C309 Practical IV (Physiology II)* 3 3
BMS 1072 Elective 2* 3

Soft skill 2
Total 18
 Other departments
Second year

69
 Semester III
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C310 General Microbiology 2 1 3
BMS C311 Molecular Microbiology 2 1 3
BMS C312 Practical V 3 3
BMS C313 Practical VI 3 3
BMS 314 Practical VII 3 3
BMS 315 Practical VIII 3 3
BMS Elective 3 2 1 3
BMS Elective 4 2 1 3
SOFT SKILL 2
Total 26

Semester IV
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C316 Parasitology 2 1 3
BMS C317 Medical Mycology 2 1 3
BMS C318 Practical IX 3 3
BMS C319 Practical X 3 3
BMS Elective 5 * 3
SOFT SKILL 2
Total 17

Third Year
Semester V
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C320 Systematic bacteriology 3 1 4
BMS C321 Practical XI 1 3 4
BMS C322 Practical XII 1 3 4
BMS Elective 6 3
BMS Elective 7 * 3
SOFT SKILL 2
Total 20

Semester VI
Core code Title L T P Credit
BMS C323 Virology I 3 1 4
BMS C324 Virology II 2 1 3
BMS C325 Practical XIII 3 3
BMS C326 Practical XIV 3 3
BMS C327 Project with Dissertation 6
BMS Elective 8 3
BMS Elective 9 3
SOFT SKILL 2
INTERNSHIP 2
Total 29

Credit Distribution

Core Subjects - 90
Electives - 27
Soft Skill - 12
Internship - 02
-------
Total 131
-------

70
YEAR -II
III SEMESTER
Code Course L T P Credit Faculty
BMS C310 General 2 1 3 Dr.P.Rajendran
Microbiology

BMS C310
General Microbiology I Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Unit I : Introduction to Microbiology, Discovery of Microbes
General biology of bacteria: Classification of bacteria
Structure of Bacteria and Function
Unit II : Microscopy I- Basic Principles of microscopy. Microscopy II Different types of bright field Microscopy III -
Phase contrast and Dark field. Microscopy IV - Fluorescence microscopy. Microscopy V: Electron microscopy
Unit III : Bacterial resistance to Physical and Chemical agents. Sterilization & Disinfection, types, evaluation, quality
control. Basic principles, types, techniques and mechanisms of different staining methods in bacteriology
Unit IV: Cultivation methods. Physiology of bacteria I –Growth. Physiology of bacteria II -Metabolism Physiology of bacteria III –
Nutrition, bacteriology of water, food, milk
Unit V: Antimicrobial agents. Mechanisms of action of various antibiotics, their evaluation. Quality control
Books
1) Introduction to Microbiology –2nd edn.2000, John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham, Brooks/Cole, London
2) Microbiology - an Introduction –7th edn. 2001, Tortora, Funke, Case
3) Microbiology –Principles and Explorations – 5th Edn.2002
Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York
4) Biology of Microorganisms –10th edn. 2003
Michael T Madigan (edn.) Prentice Hall, London
5) Microbiology: Lansing M Prescott,5th edn. 2002. Wm C Brown Publishers Oxford, London
6) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096
7) General microbiology Robert F Boyd, 5 edn. 2002 St Louis, Times Mirror, Mosby college publishing
9) Microbiology – 2nd edn 1998, Daniel Linn, WCB McGraw-Hill
10) Zinsser Microbiology – 19th edn 1988, Joklik (edn.), Prentice Hall Inc, London
11) Fundamentals of Bacteriology – 5th edn 1986
AJ Salle, Tata McGraw Hill
12) Review of medical microbiology E Jawetz Ernest California, Lange Medical
Publication, 2004
13) Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology virology and immunity Edn.7 V - 3c Bacterial Diseases, Graham
Wilson, London Edward Arnold 2002.
14) Microbiology 7th edn.2002, Michael J Pelczar New Delhi, Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd

Code Course L T P Credit Faculty

BMS Molecular 2 1 3 Dr.Thangam Menon
C311 Microbiology

BMS C311
Molecular Microbiology II Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Unit I : Structure of Prokaryotic DNA and replication, Enzymes involved in replication and its control. Metabolic
regulation – Operon concept, Lactose, Tryptophan operons and their control, Mutations, types and agents

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Unit II : Bacterial genetics: Organization, alterations and expression of nucleic acids of bacteria. Bacterial variations,
metabolic regulations, genetic transfers, genetic manipulations,
Unit III : Different techniques of Amplification (nucleic acids and signal), Hybridizations (Southern, Northern, Western),
Restriction enzymes, Gene cloning and their role in vaccine developments and development of diagnostic tests.
Unit IV: Bacteriophages: Phage genetics, phage conversions and their use in bacterial conversion. Plasmids / cosmids
Unit V : Gene transfer in bacteria, ( Transformation, conjugation, transductions, transfection,), Transposable elements
Books:
1) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders, New York
2) Molecular biotechnology, BR Glick and JJ Pasternak, 2 edn.1998.ASM press
Washington.D.C
3) Manual of Clinical Microbiology 8th edn. PR Murray,Volms 1,2, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton, D.C.
4) Molecular biology and genetic engineering ,1st Edn.2005,P.K Gupta, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
5) Molecular cloning, Sambrook, J, Third edition, 2001,Cold Spring Harbor New York
6) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003, Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096.
7) Molecular Cloning Vol I , II& III Sambrook and Russell 3 Edn.2001, New York
8) Molecular Biology, 3 Edn, 2003, David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi
9) Microbial genetics, Freifelder,D.,4th edn. 2002, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi

Code Course L T P Credit Faculty

BMS C312 Practical V 3 3 Dr.Padma Krishnan

BMS-C312 Practical V General Microbiology (Core 2 Credits)

Microscopy, Staining, Sterilization and washing of glassware
Preparation of culture media, Cultivation of bacteria, Total and viable counts
Tests for identification of bacteria, Demonstration of bacterial enzymes
Antibiotic sensitivity tests, Bacteriological analysis of food water and milk

Code Course L T P Credit Faculty

BMS C313 Practical VI 3 3 Dr. Thangam Menon

BMS –C313 Practical VI Molecular Microbiology (Core 3 Credits)

Gel electrophoresis- serum , antigens, others. Isolation of plasmids, Transformation experiments, Separation and
analytical techniques (chromatography)
Preparation and standardization of bacterial suspensions for immunizations Eg : Salmonella, Vibrio etc
BMS –C314 Practical VII Basic Immunology (Core 3 Credits)
Preparation and titration of immune sera ex: Anti sheep cell antibodies / antisera against bovine serum, Peripheral
blood T cell enumeration
Test for immediate and delayed hypersensitivities in animals

BMS –C315 Practical VIII Animal experiments (Core 3 Credits)

Raising immune sera, Pyrogen testing of parenteral solution
Virulence and toxigenicity tests Eg: Tetanus toxin, Cholera toxin
Bleeding different animals for various experiments
Animal autopsy for evidence of pathogenicity

Books for the above practical

1. Introduction to Microbiology –2nd Edn 2000

John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham,(Edr) Brooks/Cole
2. Microbiology – 5th Edn 2002
Prescott, Harley, Klein McGraw Hill
3. Microbiology –Principles and Explorations – 5th Edn 2002
Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York
4. Microbiology - an Introduction –7th Edn 2001
Tortora, Funke, Case, Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
5. Microbiology – 2nd Edn 1998, Daniel Linn, WCB McGraw-Hill
6. Brock Biology of Microorganisms –10th Edn 2003
Michael T Madigan (Edn.), Prentice Hall
7. Molecular Cloning Vol I , II& III Sambrook and Russell 3 Edn. 2003
8. Practical Medical Microbiology
Mackie & McCartney
9. Laboratory Animals Some Basic Concepts and experiments
Rajendran .P , 2000
10. Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003

72
 Sundararaj .T. Chennai 600096.
11. Handbook of experimental immunology Fourth Edition, 1986.DM Weir Volm 4 Blackwell Scientific
Publications,London
12. The laboratory Mouse selection and management. ML Simo and J.O Brick.1st Edn.1970, Prentice-Hall, Inc,
Englewood cliffs, New Jersey
13. Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry CA Williams, MW Chase, Volm 1,1967, Academic Press New
York and London
14. Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific, London
15. Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Ed.) Blackwell Scientific, London
16. Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
17. Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, Washinton.D.C
18. Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.), ASM Press, washinton.D.C
19. Immunology –6th Edn 2001, Roitt, Brostoff, Male. Mosby
20. Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.)
WH Freeman & Co
21. Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003, Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley, New York
22. Bailey and Scott's diagnostic microbiology. Forbe ,Betty A. London, Mosby. 2002
23. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Cappuccino, James. Harlow,Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999
24. Manual of clinical microbiology 2Vols. Murray,Patrick R. Baron. Jorgensen. Pfaller. Yolken, Robert H.
Washington, ASM Press. 2003
25. Manual of commercial methods in clinical microbiology. Truant, Allan L. USA, ASM Press. 2002.

IV SEMESTER

BMS-C316
Medical Parasitology (Core 3 Credits)
Includes the study of life cycle, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, prevention
etc of the following:
Unit I Introduction to host parasite relationship
Aerobic, Anareobic, Pathogenic & Non Pathogenic Amoebae (E.histolytica)
Flagellates, ciliates, Haemoflagellates –I - Leishmania
Haemoflagellates –II- Trypanosomes
Unit II : Sporozoites- Plasmodium and others, Toxoplasma
Parasites associated with AIDS
Unit III : Cestodes infecting man, (Taenia, Echinococcus, Multiceps, Hymenolepis, Dipilidium, and others, Trematodes
infecting man, (Schistosomes, Gastrodiscoides, Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opiarhoexhia, Hetwrophyes, Metagonimus,
Paragonimus)
Unit IV: Nematodes infecting man (ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Capillaria, Enterobius,
Trichiuris, All filarial worms
Unit V: Immunology of parasitic infections, Vaccine Strategies for Parasitic diseases
Books:
1. Manson’s Tropical Diseases –20th Edn 1996, Cook GC (Edn.), WB Saunders
2. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology –5th Edn 2001, Peters W, Pasvol.Wolfe.
3. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology –1991, World Health
Organization, WHO Geneva
4. Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology – 4th Edn 2000
Chiodini PL (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
5. Parasitology –1980, Chatterjee, K.D., 12 Edn. Chatterjee Medical Publishers, Calcutta
6. Medical Parasitology,2 edn.Walter Beck, J.E.Davies, 1976,C.V Mosby Company, Saint Louis
7. Manual of clinical microbiology 2Vols. Murray, Patrick R. Baron. Jorgensen. Pfaller. Yolken, Robert H.
Washington,ASM Press. 2003
8. Bailey and Scott's diagnostic microbiology. Betty A Forbes. 2002. Baltimore, Mosby.
9. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Cappuccino, James. Harlow, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999
10.Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer-Vertlag, New York.

BMS-C 317
Medical Mycology Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Includes the study of general and growth characteristics , pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory diagnosis,
epidemiology, treatment, prevention etc of the following:
Unit I : Mycology Classification, Lab methods

73
Etiopathogenesis, epidemiology and lab diagnosis of the following: Piedra, M.fur fur, exophiala, Dermatophytes-other
superficial fungal infections
Unit II : Subcutaneous mycosis-I Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous mycosis-II mycetoma
Subcutaneous mycosis-III rhinosporidiosis and others
Actinomycosis and actinomycetoma
Unit III :Deep mycosis- I (Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis,
Deep mycosis – II(paracoccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis ect)
Candidiasis and cryptococcosis
Unit IV : Opportunistic mycosis
Unit V: Immunology of fungal infections
Books:
1) Medical Mycology -1st edn. 1992, Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, Lea & Febiger,
New york
2) Fungal infection : Diagnosis and Management - 1993
Richardson MD, Warnock DW, Blackwell Scientific, London
3) Fungal infection in the compromised patient – 2nd Edn 1991
Warnock DW, Richardson MD, Wiley, New york
4) Medical Mycology: A practical approach –1989
Evans EGV, Richardson MD (Edn.), Oxford University Press
5) Principles and Practice of Clinical Mycology –1996
Kibbler CC. (Edn.) Wiley, New York
6) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8 th edn. Volume 2, PR Murray et al, 2003,
ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.
7. Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,4th edn. 1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et
al, Springer-Vertlag, New York.

BMS-C318
Practical IX Parasitology & Helminthology (Core 3 Credits)
Microscopic examination of stool specimens for ova and parasites and determination of size by micrometry, Concentration
techniques. Determination of Worm burden, Determination of Malarial filarial Parasites in blood, Special Staining techniques for
Sporozoan parasites in Stool (AIDS),Cultivation of parasitesand their examinations
BMS-C319 Practical X Medical Mycology ( Core 3 Credits)
Collection of specimens for fungal identification
Isolation and identification of common pathogenic fungi, Dermatophytes, Eumycotic agent, Actinomycotic agent,
Fermentation and assimilation tests for yeasts
Slide culture technique, Study of common laboratory contaminants
Books:
1) Manson’s Tropical Diseases –20th Edn 1996, Cook GC (Edn.), WB Saunders
2) Tropical Medicine and Parasitology –5th Edn 2001, Peters W, Pasvol., Wolfe.
3) Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology –1991
World Health Organization, WHO, Geneva
4) Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology – 4th Edn 2000
Chiodini PL (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
5) Medical Parasitology –1974, Chatterjee, Calcutta
6 ) Medical Mycology -1992, Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, Lea & Febiger, New york
7) Fungal infection : Diagnosis and Management - 1993
Richardson MD, Warnock DW, Blackwell Scientific
8) Fungal infection in the compromised patient – 2nd Edn 1991
Warnock DW, Richardson MD, Wiley, New York
9) Medical Mycology: A practical approach –1989
Evans EGV, Richardson MD (Edn.), Oxford University Press
10) Principles and Practice of Clinical Mycology –1996
Kibbler CC. (Edn.), Wiley New York
11) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8 th edn. Volume 2, PR Murray et al, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.
12) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York.
YEAR -III
V SEMESTER

BMS-C320 Systematic Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)

General characteristics, pathogenicity, pathology, infections caused, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of the
following:
Unit I : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus ,
Other Gram Positive Cocci ( both aerobic & anerobic)
Neisseria and Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium – I M.tuberculosis

74
Mycobacterium – II MOTT Bacilli, M.leprae
Unit II : Salmonella , E.coli, Shigella, Neo enteric pathogens
Pseudomonads, Other enterobacteriaceae, (kleb, proteus etc),
Vibrios, Halophilic vibrios, Aeromonas, Non fermentors
Unit III : Emerging pathogens, Brucella, Yersinia pestis
Haemophilus, Bordetella, Bacillus, Clostridium,
Unit IV: Spirochetes General features, Borrelia, Treponema, Leptospira and others Nonsporing anaerobes,
Unit V:
Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous organisms
Rickettsiae, Ehrlichiae, Chlamydiae
Books:
1. Review of Medical Microbiology, 2004, Jawetz and Melnick, Lange , New York
2. Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology 3rd edn. -2002, Morag C Timbury (Edn.), Churchill
Livingstone, London
3. Medical Microbiology – 16th Edn 2002, David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (Edn.)Churchill
Livingstone, London
4. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology 3rd edn.– 1999, Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar, Mosby, London
5. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th Edn 2002,
Betty A Forbes (Edn.), Mosby, London,
6. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996, JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill
Livingstone, London
7. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th edn 2004, Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill.
8. Medical Microbiology-2nd edn 1994, Patrick R Murray (edn.), Mosby
9. Medical Microbiology –2nd edn 1998, Mims, Playfair, Roitt (edn.), Mosby
10. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.

BMS-C321 Practical XI Systematic Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)

Pure culture study of pathogenic bacteria and their isolation and identification from clinical specimens –
Salmonella, E.coli, Shigella, Other enterobacteriaceae, (kleb, proteus etc) Pseudomonads, Vibrios
BMS-C322 Practical XII Clinical Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)
Study of pathogenic bacteria and their isolation and identification from clinical specimens – Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus, Neisseria and Corynebacterium, M.tuberculosis enterobacteriaceae
Text Books
1. Review of Medical Microbiology, 2002
Jawetz and Melnick, Lange, New York,
2. Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology -2002
Morag C Timbury (edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
3. Medical Microbiology – 16th edn 2002
David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (edn.), Churchill
Livingstone,London
4. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology – 1999
Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar(edn) , New York.
5. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th edn 2002
Betty A Forbes (edn.), Mosby, London
6. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996
JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone
7. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th edn 2004
Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill, London
8. Medical Microbiology-2nd edn 1994
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), Mosby, London
9. Medical Microbiology –2nd edn 1998
Mims, Playfair, Roitt (Edn.), Mosby, London
10. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
11. Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .T. Chennai 600096.
VI SEMESTER
BMS-C323 Virology I Theory ( Core 4 Credits)
Unit I Viruses structure and composition, DNA viruses, RNA viruses, Viral replication
Unit II Cultivation of viruses (cell cultures, animals, eggs), Virus cell interactions, CPE, inclusion bodies, Viral assays,
Unit III Viral genetics, various types of mutants and their importance / General Characteristics & Non human Viruses
Unit IV Pathogenesis,pathology, clinical manifestations,and lab diagnosis of: Adeno virus, Herpes virus,
Unit V Pox virus, Papova Virus, Hepadna Virus, Parvo virus
Books

75
Text Books
1) Virology – 3rd edn 1996, Fields DN (edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint edn, ASM Press, washinton,D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology 3rd edn, 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone, London
5.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, 1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York

BMS –C324 Virology II Theory ( Core 3 Credits)

Unit I Picorna virus, Ortho and Paramyxo viruses, Arbo viruses – Alpha, Flavi and Bunya viruses
Unit II Toga viruses and Hepaciviruses, Arenaviruses and Filoviruses, Reoviruses, Retroviruses
Unit III Calciviruses and Astroviruses, Coronaviruses,
Unit IV Rabdoviruses, Prion Diseases
Unit V New Emerging Viral infections, Immunology of viral infections
Books
Text Books
1) Virology – 3rd Edn 1996, Fields DN (Edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint Edn, ASM Press,Washinton D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (Edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C.
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone
5) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn, Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York

BMS-C325 Practical XIII Virology ( Core 3 Credits)

Chick embryo inoculation techniques

Tissue culture techniques
Plaque Assay
Preparation of Media for Vertebrate Cell culture
Staining of Cell lines
Giemsa Staining
Observation of Different types of CPE’s
Storage of cell lines in liquid Nitrogen.
Inclusion bodies staining
Serological tests for diagnosis of viral infections
Viral Haemagglutination test
ELISA (bioelisa HbsAg)
Bacteriophage - Assay
Books
1) Virology – 3rd Edn 1996, Fields DN (Edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint Edn, ASM Press,Washinton D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (Edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C.
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone
5) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn, Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York
BMS-C326 Practical XIV Applied Immunology (Core 3 Credits)
Agglutination tests- slide and tube tests
Precipitation tests
Serological tests for diagnosis for microbial infections – Widal, VDRL, Brucella, Paul Bunnell, Rose Waller, Latex
agglutination, ELISA,
Complement and amboceptor titration
Text Books (for the above practicals)
1) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill
Livingstone, London
2) Immunobiology –5th edn, 2001, Charles A Janeway (edn.), Churchill
livingstone,London
3) Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th edn 2003, Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific
4) Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd edn 1993, Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney
(Edn.), Blackwell Scientific, London
5) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders

76
6) Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, Washinton,D.C
7) Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002, Stefan HE Kaufmann (edn.), ASM
Press, Washinton D.C
8) Immunology –6th edn 2001, Roitt, Brostoff, Male., Mosby
9) Kuby Immunology –4th edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
10) Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd edn 2003, Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley
11)Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn,2003, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.

BMS – C327 Project with Dissertation (6 credits)

To plan and design statistically, retrieve relevant literature, organized and conduct, process the data, photograph
relevant observations, evaluate by statistical programmes, present the project in any regional/national
conference/seminar during the third year of the course and submit for final semester examinations. The work has to be
conducted in the department under the guidance of the project supervisor. Interdisciplinary collaborations from
external departments/institutions can be organized only for certain essential areas of the project. The project will be
evaluated based on CBCS norms. The project should be submitted at least 15 days prior to evaluation and will be sent to
the members for them to read.

Electives offered in the department of Microbiology

1.Basic immunology (Elective3 )

2.Handling and use of laboratory animals (elective 4 )
3.Clinical bacteriology(elective 6)
4.Applied immunology(elective 8)
5.Molecular diagnostic methods (elective 9)

77
BMS--------Elective3 ( Department of Microbiology)
Basic Immunology Theory ( Elective 3 Credits)

Unit I : Introduction to immunology, Organs and cells of the immune sysem,

Unit II: Antigen, Hapten, Antigen processing and presentation ,
Unit III : Antibody structure, production, purification, function, Theories of antibody production.
Unit IV: Antigen – antibody interactions- Agglutination, Precipitation
Neutralization and Labeled antibody techniques ( immunofluorescence, ELISA, RIA etc)
Unit V: Interleukins, Complement, c’ deficiency and CFT

Books
1) Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific, London
2) Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Edn.)
Blackwell Scientific, London
3) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
4) Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, washinton D.C
5) Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.)
ASM Press, Washinton D.C
6) Immunology –6th Edn 2001
Roitt, Brostoff, Male. Mosby, London
7) Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000
Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
8) Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003
Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley
9) Immunobiology –5th Edn, 2001
Charles A Janeway (Edn.)
Churchill livingstone, london

BMS-------- Elective4 (Department of Microbiology, PGIBMS)

Handling & use of Laboratory Animals (Elective 3 credits)
Unit I: Animal house and the equipments, Feeding and breeding methods,Gnotobiotic, Germ free animals,
Unit II. Handling of animals, Common diseases of the different species of laboratory animals like mice, rats, rabbits,
guinea pigs, monkeys.
Unit III: germ free animals, Gnotobiotic animals, gene knock out animals, transgenic animals
Unit IV: Microbiological animal experiments , LD-50 determination
Unit V: Various use of different Lab, animals, post mortam examination and disposal of used animals
.Books:
1) Laboratory Animals Some Basic Concepts and experiments
Rajendran .P
2) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096.
3) Handbook of experimental immunology Fourth Edition, 1986.DM Weir Volm 4 Blackwell Scientific
Publications
4) The laboratory Mouse selection and management. ML Simo and J.O Brick.1970, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood
cliffs, New Jersey
5) Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry CA Williams, MW Chase, Volm 1,1967, Academic Press New
York and London

BMS-------- E Clinical Bacteriology Theory ( Elective6)( 3 Credits)

Unit I : Collection Storage & Transport of Clinical Specimen
Infection of the Urinary Tract
Bacterial infection
Salmonella, E.coli, Pseudomonads, Klebsialla, Proteus , Staphylococcus
Streptococcus, Others
Infection of the Central Nerves System
Bacterial infection
Neisseria, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Listeria, Spirochetes
Others

78
 Viral infection
Enteroviruses, Mumps, Herpes simplex viruses, Vericella zoster
Arbo viruses, Others
Fungal infection
Cryptococcus neoformans
Parasitic infection
Acanthamoea naegleria, Toxoplasma gondii, Cysticercosis
Others
Unit II
Infection of the Gastro Intestinal Tract
Bacterial Infection
Salmonella, E.coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium
Vibrios, Campylobacter, others
Viral infection
Rotaviruses, Astro viruses, Caliciviruses
Parasitic infection
Protozoan infections, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia
Metazoan infection
Unit III
Infection of the Genito Urinary Tract
Bacterial Infection
Neisseria, Treponema palladium, Ureaplasma
Parasitic infection
Trichomonas
Viral infection
HSV, HIV
Infections of Skin
Bacterial Infection
Treponema pallidum, streptococcus, Staphylococcus and others
Fungal infection
Dermatophytes
Infections of Eye
Bacterial Infection
Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Nonhemolytic Streptococcus
Moraxella,anaerobic organisms
Viral infection
HSV
Unit IV
Infections of Respiratory Tract
Bacterial Infection
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacteria, Neisseria, Mycoplasma
Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Chlamydiae, Bordetella, Others
Fungal infection
Candida, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, others, Pneumocystis
Viral infection
Adeno, Corona, Coxsackie, , HSV, Influenza, Myxo viruses
Rhinoviruses, others
Unit V
Zoonotic Infections
Bacterial zoonosis
Bacillus, Brucella, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Francisella, Leptospira, Rickettsia
Salmonella, Yersinia, others
Fungal zoonosis
Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton
Parasitic zoonosis
Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma other metazoan parasites
Viral zoonosis
Arboviruses, Influenza, Rhabdoviruses , others
Food borne infections, food poisoning
Water borne infections
Air borne infections
Text Books
1) Review of Medical Microbiology
Jawetz and Melnick, Lange
2) Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology -2002
Morag C Timbury (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone

79
 26. Medical Microbiology – 16th Edn 2002
David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (Edn.)
Churchill Livingstone
27. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology – 1999
Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar
28. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th Edn 2002
Betty A Forbes (Edn.), Mosby
29. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996
JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone
30. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th Edn 2004
Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill
31. Medical Microbiology-2nd Edn 1994
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), Mosby
32. Medical Microbiology –2nd Edn 1998
Mims, Playfair, Roitt (Edn.), Mosby
33. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., washinton D.C

BMS--------E
Applied immunology Theory ( Elective8) ( 3 Credits)
Unit I Hybridoma technology, Hypersensitivity I and II, Hypersensitivity III and IV
Unit II Autoimmunity, Immunodeficiency
Unit III Immunogenetics, IR genes, Regulation of immune Response
Unit IV Tumor immunology, MHC and Transplantation
Unit V. Vaccines, Immunizing agents, preparation, standardization, Vaccine strategy
Books:
1 Immunobiology –5th Edn, 2001
Charles A Janeway (Edn.), Churchill livingstone
2.Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific
3.Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Edn.), Blackwell Scientific
4.Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders

5. Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001

Stewart Sell, ASM
6. Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.), ASM Press
7.Immunology –6th Edn 2001
Roitt, Brostoff, Male., Mosby
8. Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
9. Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003
Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley

BMS--------E Molecular Diagnostic techniques (Elective9)( 3 credits)

Unit I Electrophoretic technique, Ultracentrifugation
Unit II Gene amplification, Hybridization
Unit III Chromatographic technique
Unit IV Restriction Analysis, Finger Printing
Unit V Molecular epidemiology , DNA sequencing
Books:
1. Molecular biotechnology, BR Glick and JJ Pasternak, 2 edn.1998.ASM press Washington.
2. Manual of Clinical Microbiology 8th edn. PR Murray,Volms 1,2, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton, D.C.
3. Molecular biology and genetic engineering , P.K Gupta,Rastogi Publications, 2005, Meerut India.
4. Molecular cloning, Sambrook,j 2001, Third edition, Cold Spring Harbor New York

80
 DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

1. Name of the Course :

Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Faculty of Medicine

2. Nature of the Course :

Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with Semester System

3. Revision Number and Effect :

81
 With effect from 2007-2008 and thereafter

4. Course Content - M.Sc. Anatomy (Faculty of Medicine)

SEM Course Theory / Practical

Title Credits
Code Core / Elective
BMS Human Anatomy I
Theory - Core 3
C 739 (upper limb, lower limb)
BMS Human Anatomy II
Theory –Core 3
C 740 (abdomen, pelvis and perineum)
BMS
Human Physiology I Theory - Core 4
C702
I BMS
Practical I : Human Anatomy I Practical - Core 3
C 741
BMS Practical II
Practical - Core 3
C704 Human Physiology I
Elective*
Theory - Elective 3
Elective* Theory - Elective 3
UOM
Soft skill 2
S 001
Total 24
* Suggested Electives: BMS E001 – Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chem.
BMS E702 - Human Histology - By: Dept. of Anatomy

SEM Course Theory / Practical

Title Credits
Code Core / Elective
BMS Human Anatomy III
Theory - Core 3
C 742 (Head and Neck & Thorax)
BMS Theory-
Neuro Anatomy- I 3
C 743 Core
BMS
Human Physiology II Theory - Core 4
C706
II BMS
Practical III: Human Anatomy II Practical - Core 3
C 744
BMS
Practical – IV Human Physiology II Practical - Core 3
C708
Elective* Theory - Elective 3
Elective* Theory - Elective 3
UOM
Soft Skill 2
S 002
Total 24
* Suggested Electives: BMS E002 – Principles of Biochemistry I (By: Dept of Bio Chem)

SEM Course Theory / Practical

Title Credits
Code Core / Elective

III BMS C709 Human Physiology III Theory – Core 4

BMS C710 Medical imaging and Radiology Theory – Core 2

Elective* Theory Elective 3

Elective* Practical Elective 3

Elective* Theory Elective 3

Elective* Practical Elective 3

82
 UOM
Soft skill 2
S 003

20
* Suggested Elective Courses :
BMS E703 - Research Methods in Neuroscience - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E705 - Practical : Research Methods in Neuroscience - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E706 - Research Methods in Anatomy - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E707 - Practical: Research Methods in Anatomy - By: Dept. of Anatomy

SEM Course Theory / Practical

Title Credits
code Core / Elective
BMS Theory
Advanced Research Methods in Anatomy 4
C711 Core
BMS C712 Animal Experimentation Theory Core 4
BMS C713 Practical: Advanced Research Methods in Anatomy Practical Core 3
BMS C714 Practical : Animal Experimentation Practical Core 4
IV
Theory
Elective* 3
Elective
UOM
Soft skill 2
S 004
20
 Suggested Elective Courses :
BMS E402 – Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology – By: Dept. of Endocrinology
BMS E505 – Neurotoxicology – By: Dept. of Pharm. & Env. Toxicology
BMS E301 – Basic Immunology – By: Dept. of Microbiology
BMS E304 – Applied Immunology – By: Dept. of Microbiology

83
SEM Course Title Theory / Practical Credits
code Core / Elective
BMS Gross Anatomy – I
Theory Core 3
C715
BMS Neuro Anatomy – II
Theory Core 3
C745
V BMS Human Histology – General and Systemic
Theory Core 3
C717
BMS Human Embryology – General and Systemic
Theory Core 3
C718
BMS C719 Project Research Work and Dissertation Practical Core 6
UOM Soft skill
2
S 005
UOM Internship
2
I 001
22

SEM Course Theory / Practical

Title Credits
Code Core / Elective
BMS
Gross Anatomy – II Theory Core 3
C720
BMS
Neuro Anatomy – III Theory Core 3
C746
VI
BMS C722 Histopathology Theory Core 3
BMS C723 Surgical Anatomy & Operative Surgery Theory Core 3
BMS Anatomy Practical –Spotters and General Viva
Practical Core 3
C747 Voce
BMS C725 Anatomy Practical – Human Cadaver Dissection Practical Core 4
UOM
Soft skill 2
S 006
21

Credits Distribution:
Core Subjects - 90
Electives - 27
Soft skill - 12
Internship - 02
----------------
Total - 131
-----------------

84
15. DETAILED SYLLABUS

SEMESTER I

BMS C739 Human Anatomy - I 2 1 0 3

Unit I : Introduction to Anatomy and Upper Limb

Anatomical position – terms used in anatomy – bones and joints of upper limb – muscle groups of upper limb –
arterial supply and venous drainage – lymphatic drainage - axilla – cubital fossa – carpel tunnel – brachial
plexus – nerves of upper limb

Unit II : Anatomy of Lower Limb

Bones and joints of lower limb – muscle groups – arterial supply – venous drainage – lymphatic drainage -
femoral triangle – popliteal fossa – sub-sortorial canal – anastamotic chain of thigh – arches of foot – layers of
sole

List of Reference Books

1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5 th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.

****
BMS Human Anatomy -II 2 1 0 3
C 740

Unit I : Anatomy of abdominal wall and abdominal viscera

Abdominal wall – peritoneal reflection and cavity – anatomy of abdominal organs: stomach, duodenum,
jejunum and Ileum, colon, liver, extrahepatic biliary apparatus, pancreas, spleen, kidney, ureter, supra-renal
gland

85
Unit II : Anatomy of pelvis and pelvic organs
Skeletal pelvis – divisions of pelvis – anatomy of pelvic and reproductive organs: bladder, uterus and fallopian
tube, ovary, seminal vesicle, prostate, rectum, anal canal

Unit III: Anatomy of Perineal Region

Divisions of perineal region – external genitalia of male and female – scrotum – testis – anal sphincters –
inguinal canal

BMS C702 Human Physiology – I 3 1 0 4 Faculty, Dept. of Physiology

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C741 Practical I : Human Anatomy I 0 0 2 3
& II

Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from upper limb, lower limb, abdomen,
pelvis and perineal regions of human cadaver.
****
BMS C704 Practical II: Human Physiology – I 0 0 3 3
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
SEMESTER II

BMS C742 Human Anatomy –III 2 1 0 3

Unit I: Neck Region

Muscle groups of neck region – cervical vertebrae – branches of carotid arteries – jugular veins – triangles of
neck – mid line structures of neck: trachea, oesophagus, thyroid, parathyroid, larynx

Unit II : Thorax region

Thoracic vertebrae – ribs – sternum – thoracic cage – diaphragm – pleura – lungs – heart – thymus – thoracic
duct – azygos system of veins - mediastinum

Unit III: Head region

Skull – norma, cranial fossae – facial muscles – muscles of mastigation – oral cavity & tongue – tonsils –
pharynx – nasal cavity – eye ball – extraocular muscles – ear – salivary glands – paranasal sinuses.

List of Reference Books

1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5 th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.

BMS C743 Neuro anatomy –I 2 1 0 3

Cranial cavity and CNS

Meninges – dural venous sinuses – cerebral cortex: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections –
cerebellum: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections – Thalamus – hypothalamus – limbic
system – mid brain – nuclei of mid brain – medulla – spinal cord.

86
PNS and ANS
Spinal nerve formation – spinal nerve plexuses – cranial nerves – sympathetic chain – sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
through various cranial and spinal nerves – autonomic nerve plexuses and their functions.

1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Neruo Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.

****
BMS C706 Human Physiology – II 3 1 0 4 Faculty Dept. of Physiology

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C744 Practical - III Human Anatomy- III 0 0 2 2
Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from head, neck and thoracic regions of
human cadaevar and from brain and spinal cord

****
BMS C708 Practical IV: Human Physiology – 0 0 3 3 Faculty Dept. of Physiology
II

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
SEMESTER III

BMS C709 Human Physiology – III 3 1 0 4 Faculty Dept. of Physiology

For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus

****
BMS C710 Medical Imaging and Radiology 1 1 0 2 Guest Faculty

Unit I
Principles of medical imaging and radiology: x-rays, angiograms, contrast x-rays, MRI, CT, ultrasound, echocardiogram

Unit II
Practical demonstration of performing various imaging techniques

Unit III
Medical Imaging and Radiology of limbs and thorax: features of normal study, signs of pathology in limbs and thoracic
organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

Unit IV
Medical Imaging and Radiology of abdomen and pelvis: features of normal study, signs of pathology in various
abdominal and pelvic organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

Unit V
Medical Imaging and Radiology of head, brain and spinal cord: features of normal study, signs of pathology in head,
brain and spinal cord through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.

List of Reference Books

1. Text book of radio Graphic Positioning and related Anatomy, Bontrager, Kenneth .L Mosby, 2001.
2. Clinical diagnostic ultrasound, Baxter, Grand, m. Allan, Paul LD, morley, Patricia,Blackwell, Scientific
Publication,1999.
3. Fundaments of medical Imaging. Sueters, Paul, Cambridge, University press, 2002.
4. Handbook radiology. Prasad, Kedar .N. (2nd Edn), CRC Press ,1995.
5. Fundamentals of medical Imaging . Suetens, Paul, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
6. Clinical diagnostic ultra sound. Baxter, Grant, (6th Edn), Blackwell scientific publication, 1999

87
 SEMESTER IV

BMS C711 Advanced Research Methods 3 1 0 4

in Anatomy

Unit I
Electro-neurophysiology: ECG - EMG – EEG – SEP – MEP

Unit II
Neuron Tracing: Use of fluorescent tracers – non-fluorescent tracers – theoretical background of neuron tracing
mechanisms

Unit III
Estimation Techniques: Estimation of Neurotransmittors and others through HPLC – ELISA Blotting Techniques:
southern, northern and western

Unit IV
Histochemistry: Histochemical procedures in quantifying substances such as alkaline phosphatase – histamine etc in
tissue sections – special stains for neurohistology

Unit V
Immunohistology: Polyclonal –monoclonal antibody production – primary – secondary antibodies – antibody tagging –
antigen retrivel – using different primary and secondary antibodies for selective staining of tissue components.

****
BMS C712 Animal Experimentation 3 1 0 4

Unit I
Introduction: Animal experimentation - need and importance – limitations – legal and ethical issues in animal
experimentation – rules / orders pertaining to animal experimentation

Unit II
Animal Maintenance: Maintenance and breeding conditions for commonly used laboratory animals such as rats, mice,
dogs, rabbits, and non-human primates

Unit III
Animal Anesthetic Techniques: Fundamentals of anesthesia – various anesthetic, analgesic medication for animals

Animal Training and Behavior Study: Training animals for neurological testings – basis and fundamentals of animal
behavior studies – objective scoring methods

Unit IV
Animal Surgery: Fundamentals of experimental animal surgery – surgical approaches such as laprotomy – craniotomy –
laminectomy – vascular access – osmotic pump installation

Unit V
Animal Euthansia: Acceptable methods of animal euthanasia

Alternate Methods to Animal Experimentation: Need to find alternate methods advantages and limitations
****
BMS C713 Practical: Advanced Research 2 1 0 3
Methods in Anatomy

Demonstration and actual hands-on training of techniques described in the paper BMS C711

****
BMS C714 Practical: Animal Experimentation 0 0 4 4

List of Practical
1. Maintenance practice of rats in the department’s animal house
2. Demonstration of animal anesthesia
3. Demonstration of animal surgeries / invasive procedures
a. Venupunture and blood sampling

88
 b. Drug administration – oral, para entral
c. Craniotomy
d. Laminectomy
e. Laprotomy
f. Stereotaxic lesioning techniques
2. Training an animal for a particular motor / memory skill test
3. Animal behavior testing and scoring methods

References for Research methods in Anatomy, Advanced Research Methods, Animal Experimentation
1. Stem cells Hand Book, Stewart sell, Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey, 2004.
2. Theory and practical of Histological Techniques. Bancroft, John D, (5th Edn), Churchill Livingstone , 2002.
3. Culture of animal cell a manual of basis Technique. Frshney Rian (4th Edn), Wiley- Liss, 2000.
4. Trobleshooling Histology stains. Horobin, Richard. W Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
5. Neural stem cells for brain and spinal cord. Zigova, Tanja, snyder, Evan Y, Totowa , Humana press, 2003.
6. Anatomy of the domestic animals, Getty, Robert, Macmillan publishing.
7. Neural stem cells Methods and Protocols, Zigova, Tanja, Humana press Totowa, 2002.
8. Modern Techniques in Neuro Science Reaserch. Windhor, st, springerverlag. New York,1999.
9. Viva Voce Hand book of Veterinary anaesthesia. Muir, William, W, Hubbell, Jaypee Brothers, 1991.
10. Darkroom Handbook. Langford, Miochael, Ebury press ,1981
****

89
 SEMESTER V

BMS C715 Gross Anatomy – I 2 1 0 3

Syllabus shall be the as per the layout of BMS C701. Standard of teaching and learning shall be of “Gray’s Anatomy”
standard and as per the standard laid by Prof.A.Krishnamurti committee formulated by Anatomical Society of India

****
BMS C745 Neuro Anatomy – II 2 1 0 3

Unit I
Meninges – CSF – Gross Anatomy of Brain

Unit II
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy – internal structure - tracts

Unit III
Medulla – Cranial nerves from Medulla

Unit IV
Pons – Cranial nerves from Pons

Unit V
Mid brain – Cranial nerves from mid brain

****
BMS C717 Human Histology – General 2 1 0 3
and Systemic

Unit I
Cell structure and function - Cell cycle and application - Basic tissue types - Blood-
- Connective tissue -Epithelial tissue

Unit II
Muscle - Circulatory system - Skin - Skeletal tissue

Unit III
Immune system - Respiratory system - Oral tissue - Gastro intestinal tract- Liver and pancreas

Unit IV
Urinary system - The endocrine glands - Male reproductive system - Female Reproductive system

Unit V
Central nervous system - Special sense organs

90
References

1. Atlas of Histology, Victor P. Eroschenko, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

2. Currar’s Atlas of Histology ,Curran’s, R.C , (4th Edn), Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000.
3. Wheater’s functional Histology, Burkitt, George, (3rd Edn), Churchill Livingstone, 1993.
****
BMS C718 Human Embryology – 2 1 0 3
General and Systemic

Unit I
Gametogensis – ovulation – fertilization – implantation – placenta formation – bilaminar and trilaminar germ
disc – teratogenic agents and their effects – oraganizers and inducers

Unit II
Development of integumentory – skeletal – muscular – systems
Unit III
Development of digestive and respiratory systems

Unit IV
Development of respiratory and urogenital systems

Unit V
Development of circulatory and nervous systems

References

1. Human Embryology, William J. Larsen, Churchill Livingstone, 2001.

2. The Developing Human, Keith L. Moore, Saunders, 2003.
3. Langman’s Medical Embryology, T.W. Sadler, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
4. Clinical Embryology A color Atlas and Text, Brookes, (1st Edn), CRC Press,1998.
5. Developing Human Clinically oriented Embryology, Moore, Keith, L, Persaud;T.V.N, 1998.
6. Human Embryology, Larsen, William J., (2nd Edn), Churchill Livingstone, 1999.

****

BMS C719 Research Project and Dissertation 0 0 6 6 All Faculty

****

SEMESTER VI

BMS C720 Gross Anatomy – II 2 1 0 3

Syllabus shall be the as per the layout of BMS C705. Standard of teaching and learning shall be of “Gray’s Anatomy”
standard and as per the standard laid by Prof.A.Krishnamurti committee formulated by Anatomical Society of India

91
References for Gross Anatomy I & II

1. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, Elsevier Churchill Living stone, 39th Edn, 2005.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2004.
4. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
5. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, Mosby 2003.
6. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B, 8th Edn.W.B. Saunders, 2002.
7. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. Churchill Livingstone Pvt. L.T.D, 1999.
8. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers, 1998.
9. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J. 12th Edn, Oxford University Press.
10. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. Williams, & Wilkins
Company 10th Edn. 1989.
11. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, English Language Book Society, 1981.
12. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (5th Edn) ,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999.
13. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, (5th Edn), Lippincott ,1997.
14. Last , Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammy s, Churchill Livingstone, 2001.
15. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (5th Edn). Lippincott Wiliams and
Wilkins, 2002.
16. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. J , Macmillan publishing , (2nd Edn) 1982.
Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, Williams and Wilkins, 1982.
****

BMS C746 Neuro Anatomy – III 2 1 0 3

Unit I
Cerebellum – nuclei – connections – disorders

Unit II
Diencephalon: Epithalamus – thalamus – hypothalamus – visual pathway – hypophysis - disorders

Unit III
Corpus striatum and related nuclei – Olfactory pathways – hippocampus – amygdale - disorders

Unit IV
Cerebral cortex: layers – areas – higher nervous functions – disorders

Unit V
Blood supply of central nervous system – disorders

92
Reference for Neuro Anatomy I & II

1. Visceral Sensory Neuroscience, Oliver G. Cameron, Oxford University Press, 2002.

2. Functional Neuro Anatomy, Jeffrey T. Joseph,Wiley- Liss A John Wiley& Sons, Inc.,Publications.
3. Clinical Neuro Anatomy for medical Students, Richard & Snell , (5th Edn), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
4. Clinical Neuro Anatomy, M. J.T. Fitzgeralds & Jean folan- Curran, W. B. Saunders,2002.
5. Carpentei’s human Neuro Anatomy, Paremt, Andre, (9th Edn), Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
6. Neuro Anatomy, Crossmann, A. R , Churchill Livingstone , 2000
7. Clinical Neuro Anatomy and related Neuroscience, Fitzgerald, M.J.J, (4th Edn), W.B. Saunders , 2002.
8. Human brain :an introduction to its functional Anatomy, Nolte. John, (4th Edn), Mosby, 1999.
****

BMS C722 Histopathology 2 1 0 3 Faculty, Dept. of Pathology

Unit I
Acute and Chronic inflammation - Tissue repair, Cellular growth, wound healing,
Hemo dynamic disorder, thrombosis and shock

Unit II
Genetic diseases - Diseases of Immunity -Neoplasia

Unit III
Infectious Diseases - Environmental and Nutritional Pathology - Diseases of Infancy & Childhood

Unit IV
Slides of the Condition to be shown and explained - Relevant Specimens to be studied
Relevant stains to be studied - Diseases of the specific organs.

Unit V
Ways of identifying healthy, sick and dead cells – Causes of cell death – Type of ulcers / wounds – Mechanisms
and stages of wound healing – infiltrations – histology of cancers neuropathology.

References
1. Cell tissue and disease the basis of pathology, Woolf, Nevile, ( WB Saunders) 2000.
2. Robin’s Pathologic’s basis of disease, Cotran, Ramzi’s (HAR Court basis Private L.T.D, 6th Edn.) 2000.

****

93
 BMS C723 Surgical anatomy & 2 1 0 3
Operative surgery
Unit I
Patient preparation- anesthesia- fluid management- surgical incisions- sutures- wound care- Postoperative care –
antibiotics- pain relief- special requirements- Fractures- dislocations and their management

Unit II
Wound management through skin grafting and flaps- Amputations- Vascular repair- Anterior abdominal wall – special
reference to hernias

Unit III
Abdominal viscera – stomach- billiary system- excretory system- intestinal system- pancrease- spleen

Unit IV
Surgical and operative surgery aspects of cardiac problems- Surgical and operative surgery aspects of thoracic
interventions- Principles of neurosurgery

Unit V
Surgical and operative surgery aspects of eye- ear- nose and throat- Organ transplantations and reconstructive surgery

References
1. Applied Surgical Anatomy. M.A. Glasby ,Utterworth Einemann, 1998.
2. Essential Clinical Anatomy. Keith L. Moore, Fiac, Frsm, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
3. Operative Anatomy. Scott- Conner, Carol E.H.( 2nd, Edn) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,2003.
4. Oxford Textbook of Surgery V, Morris, Peter J.Oxford University press, 1999.

****

BMS C747 Anatomy Practical –Spotters 0 0 2 2

and Viva Voce

****

BMS C725 Anatomy Practical – Human 0 0 4 4

Cadaver Dissection

94
 M.Phil ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

REGULATIONS

1. Duration of the program:

One year M.Phil program in Environmental Toxicology (Faculty of Science), has two semesters under CBCS
system
2. Distribution of credit points:

The total credit point for one program is 36. Each credit is equivalent to 15 hrs of teaching. The distribution of
credit point is given in the scheme of examinations.

3. Eligibility for admission:

A Master Degree in Zoology, Special Zoology, M.Sc. Life Science of University of Madras or any other
University recognized by the Syndicate as equivalent thereto, provided that those who have qualified for the Master’s
Degree prior to 1st January, 1991 must have secured a minimum of 50 percent of marks and those who have qualified for
the Master’s Degree on or after 1st January, 1991 must have secured a minimum of 55 percent of marks. For SC/ST and
Disabled candidates who have qualified on or after 1 st January, 1991, a concession of 5 percent of marks shall be given in
the minimum eligibility marks. Candidates with a Master Degree in Botany/ Environmental Sciences/ Biochemistry
with zoology as a subject in the undergraduate course are also eligible.

4. Total number of candidates to be admitted per year: 10 nos.

5. Fees: The course will be offered under regular mode with University approved fee structure for M.Phil course.

M.Phil ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Course Title of the Course Code Core/ Credits Course Faculty

Code Elective L T P C

I – Semester

BMS Principles of Environmental C 4 1 - 5 R. Venkatakrishna

C 501 Toxicology Murali
S.L.Maheswari
M.P.Balasubramanian
S.Karthikeyan
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty

95
 BMS Research Methodology in C 4 1 - 5 R. Venkatakrishna
C 502 Environmental Toxicology Murali
S.L.Maheswari
M.P.Balasubramanian
S.Karthikeyan
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty
BMS Haemopoeitic Cardiovas-cular E 4 1 - 5 R. Venkatakrishna
E 501 and Renal Toxicology Murali
BMS Neuro and Nano Toxicology E 4 1 - 5 S.L.Maheswari
E 502
BMS Reproductive and Endocrine E 4 1 - 5 M.P.Balasubramanian
E 503 Toxicology
BMS Hepato Toxicology E 4 1 - 5 S.Karthikeyan
E 504
BMS Immuno Toxicology E 4 1 - 5 Senthil Kumaran
E 505 Palanimuthu

II – Semester
BMS Dissertation and C - - - 21 Supervisor and
C 503 Viva-voce Dept. Faculty
Members

BMS C 4 1 0 5 All faculty and

C 501 Principles of Environmental Guest faculty

Toxicology

Unit I
Introduction – different areas of toxicology – classification of toxic agents – toxicity, hazard, risk. Routes of exposure –
duration and frequency of exposure.
Chemo-biokinetics –absorption– distribution – biotransformation – excretion.
Chemo-biodynamics – mechanism of action –factors influencing toxicity. Spectrum of toxic effects.

Unit II
Regulatory toxicology - Toxicity testing –LC50 statistics, Interpretation of laboratory data. – Toxicoinformatics.
General principles of aquatic toxicology – major issues – dose/concentration response, Chemical interactions - property
of toxic chemicals that influence quality criteria and aquatic organisms - Toxicity testing on fresh water and marine
organisms – Chronic, early life stage and whole life cycle test - Contaminants - sewage and effluents.

Biological response of toxicants – behavioural, physiological, biochemical and toxicogenomics - Remote sensing
techniques in assessment of aquatic pollutants - Environmental legislation related to toxicants. Human health and
environmental risk assessments - Sources and uses of bioactive compounds on aquatic plants and animals.

Unit III
Classification of pesticides – (a) their target (b) by their chemical nature (c) by their physical state (d) by their mode of
action. Mode of action of various groups of pesticides – mode of entry and metabolism of pesticides in mammals and
anthropods – degradation and metabolism of pesticides – Pesticide interaction – resistant to pesticides - Human hazards
in the use of pesticides and safety measures.Pesticides as pollutants in environment.

Unit IV
Naturally occurring food toxins – plant and animal sources - secondary toxicosis. Food allergens – toxicity and
mechanisms of food allergy.Microbial food poisoning – through bacterial and fungal species.

96
Derived food toxins – nitrosamines – mechanism of food toxicity. Food additives – classification, utility – toxicity of
food preservatives, flavouring agents, artificial sweeteners. Food adulterants and its toxicity.Toxicity of food packaging
materials – plastics and plasticizers.

Unit V
Noise pollution – temporary and permanent effects of noise pollution. Radiation toxicology – ionizing and non-ionizing
radiations - toxic effects of radiation. Heavy metal pollution – toxic effects in animals and human being.
Environmental monitoring – sampling and surveillance techniques. Screening tests for common poisons – detection and
estimation of metals, alcohols, insecticides, pesticides, glycosides and alkaloids. Methods of extraction and purification
in toxicological analysis

References:

Levinton JS (Ed.). Marine biology function, biodiversity, ecology (2nd edn.). Oxford University press, Oxford, 2001.

Verberg J, Calabrese A, Thurberg FP, Veraberg WB (Eds.). Biological monitoring of marine pollutants. Academic press,
New York, 1981.

Kudesia VP (Ed.). Water pollution. Pragati Prakasham, Meerut, India, 1998.

Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Eckenfelder Jr. WW (Ed.). Industrial water pollution control (3rd edn.). Mc raw Hill, New York, London, 2000.

Marrrs TC, Ballantyne B. (Eds.). Pesticide toxicology and international regulation, Chichester John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Handa SK, (Ed.). Principles of pesticide chemistry, Jodhpur Agrobios, 2000.

Marqquis JK (authour). Contemporary issues in pesticide toxicology and pharmacology.

London S Karger, 1986.

Kudesia VP, Charaya MU (Eds.). Pesticide pollution, Meerut pragati prakashan, 2000.

Hayes WJ, Laws ER, (Eds.). Handbook of pesticide toxicology, New York Academic press, 1991.

Concon JM (Ed.). Food toxicology; Part A and Part B. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Bassel, 1988.

Antony Tu T (Ed.). Food poisoning – Hand book of natural toxins. Marker Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, 1992.

Thaukamma J (Ed.). Food adulteration. Mac Millan Co. and India Ltd., Madras, 19964.

Gibson GG and Wakkaer R (Eds.). Food toxicology: real or imaginary problem? Taylor and Frnacis, London,
Philadelphia, 1985.

Mutherjea RN, Bhowal SK, Banerjee AR, Mukhopathay S (Eds.). Industrial pollution. techniques for operations and
control. Allied Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, Chennai, 2001.
Cookerham LG, Shane BS (Eds.). Basic environmental toxicology. CRC press, London, 1994.

BMS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY C 4 1 0 5 All Faculty and Guest

C 502 IN ENVIRONMENTAL faculty.
TOXICOLOGY

Unit-I
Principles and applications of spectrophotometry – UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Unit-II
Chromatography – paper, thin layer, chromatography: high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography,
ion exchange chromatography, HPTLC.

Electrophoresis – Disc gel, SDS PAGE, Two-dimensional PAGE, isoelectric focusing – pulse radiation electrophoresis.

97
Unit-III
Microscopy – bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescence, DIC, Confocal, Scanning Electron Microscopy &
Electron Microscopy.

Unit-IV
Molecular Biological Techniques – PCR, Reverse Transcriptase PCR, Genomic DNA, RNA extraction and western blot.

Unit-V
Micro Technique – Histology, Histochemistry, and Histotoxico pathology. Analytical Toxicology & Experimental
Toxicology – Herbal products screening and toxicity.

Unit-VI
Good Laboratory Practice and Basic calculations. Biostatistics – Environmental Toxicology.

References:

Zar JH (Ed.). Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall International Inc., Engkwood cliffs, New Jersy, 1984.

Bancroft H (Ed.). Introduction to biostatistics. Harper & Row publications. New York, London, 1965.

Varley H (Ed.). Practical clinical biochemistry (4th edn.). CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi, 1988.

Ghosh MN (Ed.). Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology (2nd edn.). Scientifica book agency, Calcutta, 1984.

Bajpai S (Ed.). Biological instrumentation and methodology. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

Gupta SK, Uma S, Velpandian T (Eds.). Analytical toxicology for poisoning management and toxicovigilance. Nerosa
publishing house, New Delhi, Chennai, 2002.

BMS Haemopoietic Cardiovas-cular E 4 1 - 5 R. Venkatakrishna

E 501 and Renal Toxicology Murali

Unit I
Components of haemopoietic system – Types of anemia – Iron – Folic acid and vitamin B12 – Haemopoietic growth
factors. Coagulation of blood – drugs acting on coagulatiopn cascade4 – anticoagulants – anti-platelet drugs -
fibrinolytic drugs.

Unit II
Cardiac rate and rhythm-action potential of cardiac muscle- disturbances of cardiac rhythm Cardiac Contraction –
Coronary atherosclerosis and its Consequence - Drugs affecting cardiac function- cardiac glycosides – antidysrhythmic
drugs – antianginal drugs.

Unit III
Control of vascular smooth muscle tone – structure and function of vascular endothelium – “Renin – Angiotensin”
system – vasoconstrictor drugs – vasodilator drugs – Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.

Unit IV
Structure and function of nephron – tubular function- Acid-Base balance – Diuretics – Drugs altering the pH of urine –
Drugs altering the excretion of organic molecules – Renal toxicology.

Unit V
In vitro and in vivo experimental evaluation of drugs that affect blood formation – Evaluation of drugs acting on
cardiovascular system – Evaluation of diuretics – Assessment of renal toxicity.

References:

Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.

98
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: the basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.

Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM (Eds.). Pharmacology (4th edn.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999.

Tripathi KD (Ed.). Essentials of medical pharmacology (5th edn.). Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003.

BMS Neuro and Nano Toxicology E 4 1 - 5 S.L.Maheswari

E 502

Unit-I
Cell and Molecular biology of Neuron – Evolution of neurons, cytology, ion channels, membrane potential and action
potential. Synthesis of neuronal proteins.

Unit-II
Synaptic transmission – Evolution of synapses and overview, synaptic integration, modulation by second messengers
and synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters- acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino transmitters, ATP and adenosine,
and neuroactive peptides.

Unit-III
Development of Nervous system - Comparative anatomy, structure and function of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous
system. Biochemical and physiological function of neurons and glial cells.

Unit-IV
Brain and Behaviour- Distinct functional regions of the brain, genes and behaviour. Neural basis of cognition. Definition
and neural basis of short term and long-term memory.

Unit-V
Basic principles of toxicology and Toxicoinformatics – Regulatory toxicology. Major classes of toxic agents. Impact of
environmental pollutants on nervous system. Toxicoinformatics - Neurodegenerative disorders. Xenobiotic effects on
learning, memory, aging and behaviour.

Unit-VI
Nanotoxicology – Introduction. Concepts of Nanotoxicology. Mechanisms of Nano-sized particle toxicity.
Nanopollution - Nanomaterials in the Environment.. Human exposure to nano sized materials. Portals of entry and
target tissues. Risk assessment. Ethical, Legal and Societal implications.

References:

Kandal KR, Schwartzs JH, Jessell JM (Eds.). Principles of neural science (4 th edn.). Mc Graw Hill, New York, London,
2000.

Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology:, The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.

Cooper JR, Bloom FE, Roth RH (Eds.). The biochemical basis of neuropharmacology (8 th edn.). Oxford University Press,
Chennai, 2003.

Stryer L (Ed.). Biochemistry (4th edn.). Standard University, W. H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1995.

Guyton AC, Hall JE (Eds.). Text book of medical physiology (9th edn.). Prism Books (P) Ltd., Bangalore, India, 1996.

99
 BMS REPRODUCTIVE AND ENDO-CRINE E 4 1 0 5 Dr. M.P.
E 503 TOXICOLOGY Balasubramanian

Unit-I
Overview of reproductive physiology – gametogenesis – storage and transmission of genetic information by the
generative cells.

Unit-II
Spermatogenesis – cells in seminiferous tubules – meiosis – differentiation of spermatozoa.

Unit-III
Oogenesis – growth of the oocyte – accumulation of food reserves of the oocyte – pattern of organization – maturation
of the egg – developing egg – fertilization – embryonic development in the egg – cleavage – morphological aspects of
gastrulation and primary organ formation – physiology of gastrulation

Unit-IV
Organogenesis – differentiation and growth – sexual maturation – asexual reproduction.

Unit--VI
Action of xenobiotics on reproductive process – hormonal controls – egg production – transfer of contaminants by eggs
and sperms – embryo energy metabolism.

Unit--VII
Changes in pollutant sensitivity during embryonic development in lower vertebrates and invertebrates – hatching time
– larvae – larval and juvenile growth.

References:

Mattison DR, (Ed.) Clinical manifestations of ovarian toxicology in reproductive toxicology, Dixon RL.Ed, Raven Press,
New York, 1985.
.
National research council. Biologic markers in reproductive toxicity. National Academic press, Washington.D.C. 1989.

Wilson JG and Fraser FC.(Eds.). Embryotoxicity of drugs in man, in handbook of teratology, Vol - I, Plenum press, New
York 1977.

Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.

BMS HEPATOTOXICOLOGY E 4 1 0 5 Dr. S.Karthikeyan

E 504

Unit-I
Anatomy and function of the liver – Microscopic and functional aspects of liver cells – Overview of hepatic circulation
– bile duct – elimination function of the liver – bile formation – enterohepatic circulation.

Unit-II
Effects of chemicals on the liver – acute cytotoxic lesions – cholestatic lesions – chronic liver disorder –
hepatovascular lesions - tumors – granulomatous lesions.

Unit-III
Mechanism of liver injury – hepatic necrosis – cirrhosis – Direct vs. indirect effects – biochemical, immunological,
cholestatic mechanisms,

Unit-IV

100
Examples of hepatotoxic substances – acetaminophen. Carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, isoniazid, pyrolizidine alkaloids,
environmental pollutants, food carcinogens.

Unit-V
Mechanism of hepatic steatosis – increased synthesis of fatty acids – reduced oxidation of fatty acids – decreased
production of lipoproteins – interferences with mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids – Inhibition of protein
synthesis.

Unit-IV
Evaluation of hepatotoxicity – hepatic necrosis, steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma – Liver function tests – Hepato
protective agents mechanisms of hepatoprotection.

References:

Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: Principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.

Adolph L, Lorenz R (Eds). Enzymic diagnosis in disease of the heart, liver and pancreas, Karger, New York. 1982.

Poper H, Schaffner F (Eds). Progress in liver diseases, Vol. 2. Grune & Stratten, New York. 1965.

Gazet JE (Ed.). Carcinoma of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, Edward Arnold, London. 1983.

Hall P (Ed.). Alcoholic liver disease: Pathology epidemiology and clinical aspects. Edward Arnold, London. 1985.

Rana SVS, Taketa K.(Eds.). Liver and environmental xenobiotics, Narosa publishing house, New Delhi. 1997.

Schrier RW, Gambertoglio JG. (Eds.). Handbook of drug therapy in liver and kidney disease. Little Brown & Co.,
London. 1991.

Farber E, Fisher MM. (Eds.). Toxic injury of the liver. Part A. Marcel Dekker, New York. 1978.

Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA (Eds.). Hand book of toxicologic pathology (2 nd Edn., Vol-2). Academic Press,
London, 2002.

Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Derelanko MJ, Hollinger MA. Hand book of toxicology (2nd Edn.). CRC Press, New York. 2002.

Chatterjee MN, Rana S. Text book of medical biochemistry. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi. 2002.

BMS Immuno Toxicology E 4 1 - 5 Senthil Kumaran

E 505 Palanimuthu

Unit I
Immune system – organization and functions – cell mediated immunity – humoral immunity – Types of allergic
reactions

Unit II
Immunosuppressive agents – adrenalcortical steroids – antiproloiferative and antimetabolic drugs – antibodies –
tolerance.

Unit III
Immunostimulant drugs – immunostimulant drugs – vaccines – globulins.

Unit IV
Xnobiotics and their influence on immune system – immunotoxicity of organotin compounds – polychlorinated
biphenyles – hexachlorobenzene – oxidizing gases.

Unit V
Tests of immune competence – Experimental evaluation of immunotoxicity – animal models used in the evaluation of
immunotoxicity.

101
References:

Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: Principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.

Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.

Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM (Eds.). Pharmacology (4th edn.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999.

Tripathi KD (Ed.). Essentials of medical pharmacology (5th edn.). Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003.

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

1. Name of the course:

M.Sc. PHARMACOLOGY – Faculty of Medicine

2. Nature of the course:

Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with semester system

102
3. Revision Number and Effect:
With effect from 2007 and thereafter

4. Course content – M.S.c. Pharmacology (Faculty of Medicine)

Course Title of the Course Code Theory/Practical Credits Course Faculty

Code Core/Elective

I – SEMESTER

BMS-C 901 Human Anatomy I * Theory –Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy

(upper limb, lower limb )
BMS-C 902 Human Anatomy II * Theory –Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy
(abdomen, pelvis and perineum )
BMS-C 903 Human Physiology I* Theory –Core 4 Dept. of Physiology

BMS-C 904 Practical I : Human Anatomy I * Practical–Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy

BMS-C 905 Practical II : Human Physiology I* Practical–Core 3 Dept. of Physiology

BMS-E 901 Elective$ Theory –Elective 3

BMS-E902 Elective$ Theory –Elective 3
UOM-S 001 Soft skill 2

Total Credits for I Semester: (Core=16; Elec,=6; S.S-2) 24

* Offered by other departments. Syllabus is same as for other M.Sc. courses offered under faculty of Medicine.
$ Suggested Electives: BMS E001 –Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chemistry
BMS E702 –Human Histology - By: Dept of Anatomy

II – SEMESTER

BMS-C 906 Human Anatomy III * Theory –Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy

(Head and neck and thorax)
BMS-C 907 Neuro Anatomy I * Theory –Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy

BMS-C 908 Human Physiology II* Theory –Core 4 Dept. of Physiology

BMS-C 909 Practical III : Human Anatomy II * Practical –Core 3 Dept. of Anatomy

BMS-C 910 Practical IV : Human Physiology II* Practical –Core 3 Dept. of Physiology

BMS-E 903 Elective$ Theory –Elective 3

BMS-E 904 Elective$ Theory –Elective 3
UOM-S 002 Soft skill 2

Total Credits for II Semester: (Core=16; Elec,=6; S.S-2) 24

* Offered by other departments. Syllabus is same as for other M.Sc. courses offered under faculty of Medicine.
$ Suggested Electives: BMS E002 – Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chemistry

Course Title of the Course Code Core/ Credits Course Faculty

Code Elective

III-SEMESTER
BMS-C 911 General principles of pharmacology Theory –Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali and
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 912 Systemic pharmacology I Theory –Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali,
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty
BMS-C 913 Practical V Practical-Core 3 R. Venkatakrishna

103
 Murali
BMS-C 914 Practical VI Practical-Core 3 S.Karthikeyan
BMS-E 905 Reproductive Endocrine Toxicology Theory Elective 3 M.P.Balasubramanian
BMS-E 906 Hepatotoxicology Theory Elective 3 S.Karthikeyan
UNOM-S 003 Soft skill 2
Total Credits for III Semester: (Core=14; Elec,=6; S.S-2) 22
IV – SEMESTER
BMS-C 915 Systemic pharmacology II Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali and
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 916 Systemic pharmacology III Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 917 Practical VII Practical-Core 3 S.L.Maheswari
BMS-C 918 Practical VIII Practical-Core 3 S.Karthikeyan
BMS-E 907 Neuro and Nano Toxicology Elective 3 S.L.Maheswari
BMS-E 908 Immunotoxicology Elective 3 Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
UNOM-S 004 Soft skill 2
Total Credits for IV Semester: (Core=14; Elec,=6; S.S-2) 22
V – Semester
BMS-C 919 Systemic pharmacology IV Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 920 Bioactive compounds and Theory-Core 4 All faculty
Phytopharmacology
BMS-C 921 Practical IX Practical-Core 3 All faculty

BMS-C 922 Experimental design and biostatistics Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna

Murali
BMS-E 909 Environmental Toxicology Theory-Elective 3 Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-E 910 Haemopoietic Cardiovascular and Theory-Elective 3 R. Venkatakrishna
Renal Toxicology Murali
UNOM-S 005 Soft skill 2
UNOM-I 001 Internship 2
Total Credits for V Semester: (Core=15; Elec,=6; S.S-2; 25
(Intern=2)

Course Title of the Course Code Core/ Credits Course Faculty

Code Elective
VI – SEMESTER
BMS-C 923 Experimental pharmacology Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 924 Advances in pharmacology Theory-Core 4 R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
BMS-C 925 Practical X Practical-Core 3 All faculty
BMS-C 926 Project with Dissertation Practical + 6 R. Venkatakrishna
Theory Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
UNOM-S 006 Soft skill 2
Total Credits for IV Semester: (Core=17; S.S-2) 19

Credit Distribution:

104
 Core Subjects : 92
Electives : 30
Soft skills : 12
Internship : 2
--------------
Total Credits : 136
---------------

SYLLABUS (M.Sc. Pharmacology):

BMS-C 911 General principles of Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and

Pharmacology Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Definition and description of terms – drug nomenclature – routes of drug administration – dose determination – pediatric
considerations – geriatric considerations- prescription of drugs.
Unit II
Pharmacokinetics – cell membrane structure and functions – mechanism of drug transport through membranes – membrane barriers
– factors that determine drug absorption – drug distribution and volume of distribution – biotransformation phase I and phase II
reactions – bioavailability – Excretion of drugs and their metabolites.
Unit III
Pharmacodynamics – Types of drug action – physical and chemical actions – Effect through enzymes – actions mediated through
receptors- different types of receptors - drug interactions – combined effect of drugs – therapeutic application of the beneficial
interactions.
Unit IV
Dose response relationship – qualitative responses – quantal dose response relationship – calculation of effective dose – modified
response due to interaction between the drugs – Therapeutic window.
Unit V
Adverse effects of drugs – drug allergy – types of reactions – idiosyncrasy – tolerance and dependence – effect on blood forming
organs – drug induced hepatic disorders – drug induced ocular manifestations – dermatological effects of drugs.

BMS-C 912 Systemic pharmacology I Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and

Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system – organization and functions of autonomic nervous system – autonomic
neurotransmitters – cholinoceptors classification – muscarinic receptor agonists – cholinomimetic esters and alkaloids –
anticholinesterase agents – toxicological aspects of anticholinesterases – therapeutic uses of anticholinesterases.
Unit II
Muscarinic receptor antagonists – substitutes for belladonna alkaloids – uses of anticholinergic drugs – toxicity of anticholinergic
drugs –Structure and function of the somatic nervous system - nicotinic receptors – ganglionic stimulants – ganglion blocking drugs
– skeletal muscle relaxants – non depolarizing and depolarizing agents – centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Unit III
Adrenergic transmission – endogenous catecholamines – adrenergic receptors classification and functions – sympathomimetic drugs
– therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs – adrenergic receptor antagonists - a adrenergic blocking agents - b adrenergic blocking
drugs.
Unit IV
Local anesthetic agents – mechanism of action agents causing local anesthesia – prolonging the duration of the local anesthetic
effects and precautions to be taken – Classification of the local anesthetics – systemic effects of local anesthetics –pharmacology of
individual agents – adverse effects and clinical uses.
Unit V
Therapeutic gases – oxygen deprivation – oxygen administration – therapeutic uses of oxygen – toxicity of oxygen – carbon dioxide
production and elimination – effects of carbon dioxide – endogenous production of nitric oxide – uses and toxicity of nitric oxide –
uses of helium.

BMS- C 915 Systemic pharmacology I I Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and

Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I

105
General anesthetic agents – inhalational and intravascular agents used in general anesthesia –ethyl alcohol – pharmacological
properties – acute intoxication – mechanism of CNS effects of ethanol – pharmacotherapy of alcoholism - methyl alcohol toxicity –
toxic effects of other alcohols.
Unit II
Sedative – hypnotic agents - benzodiazipines – barbiturates – classification – management of insomnia – drugs used in epilepsies –
nature and mechanisms of seizures and antiseizure drugs – general principles and choice of drugs for epilepsies.
Unit III
Drugs used in psychiatric ;disorders –antipsychotic agents – pharmacological properties and adverse effects of drugs used in the
management of anxiety – antidepressant drugs – different classes of drugs used as antidepressants – anti manic mood stabilizing
agents – hallucinogens.
Unit IV
Treatment of CNS degenerative disorders – mechanisms of selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases –
Parkinsonism and drugs used in Parkinson’s disease – approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease –symptomatic treatment
of Huntington’s disease – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and therapy of spasticity.
Unit V
Endogenous opioid peptides – opioid receptors – opioid analgesics – pharmacology of morphine and related opioid agonists –
opioid toxicity – opioid antagonists – therapeutic uses of opioid analgesics – centrally acting antitussive agents – drug addiction and
drug abuse – CNS stimulants

BMS- C 916 Systemic pharmacology III Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Autacoids – endogenous histamine and its functions – H 1 and H2 receptors - H1 receptor antagonists and therapeutic uses - H 2
receptor mediated actions : agonists and antagonists – antagonists of bradykinin and kallidin – 5HT and receptors – antagonists of
5HT – lipid derived autacoids.
Unit II
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – mechanism of action of NSAIDs- classification of analgesic, antipyretic and NSAIDs –
therapeutic and side effects of NSAIDS – drug therapy of Rheumatoid arthritis – drugs used in the treatment gout – drug used as
uricosuric agents.
Unit III
Drugs used in the treatment of asthma – drugs used for cough - ;agents used for control of gastric acid production and treatment of
peptic ulcers – prokinetic agents – emetics and antiemetics –agents used for constipation , diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel
disease.
Unit IV
Cardiac electrophysiology – the renin- angiotensin system – inhibitors of the rennin-angiotensin system – uses of ACE inhibitors –
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists – drugs used in the myocardial ischemia – treatment of heart failure – antiarrhythmic drugs –
antihypertensive agents.
Unit V
Fluid and electrolyte balance of the body – renal physiology – principles of diuretic action – pharmacology of different classes of
diuretics – role of diuretics in clinical medicine – vasopressin and other agents affecting renal conservation of water

BMS-C 919 Systemic pharmacology IV Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and

Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Plasma lipoprotein metabolism – drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia – drugs acting on blood and blood
forming organs – hematopoietic agents: growth factors- agents used in hypochromic anemia – iron and iron salts – agents used in
megaloblastic anemia – hemostasis – anticoagulants – thrombolytic agents
Unit II
Hormones and hormone antagonists – anterior pituitary hormones –oxytocin and drugs acting on uterus – thyroid and antithyroid
drugs – insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents – gonadal hormones and their antagonists – estrogens and progestins - androgens –
adrenal cortical steroids – agents affecting calcium balance.
Unit III
The vitamins – water soluble vitamins – fat soluble vitamins – immunomodulators – immunosuppressive agents, tolerogens and
immunostimulants – vaccines and globulins – metal toxicity and chelating agents – chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases –
antineoplastic agents.
Unit IV
Antimicrobial agents – general considerations – sulfonamides – cotrimoxazole and quinolones – betalactam antibiotics – broad
spectrum antibiotics – amionoglycosides – macrolid antibiotics – drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy – drugs
used in urinary tract infections – antifungal drugs – antiviral drugs.
Unit V
Drugs used in protozoal infections – malaria – amoebiasis – giardiasis, trichomoniasis, trypnosomiasis, leishmaniasis – drugs used
in the treatment of helminthiasis – drugs used sexually transmitted diseases – antiseptics – disinfectants and ectoparasiticides

106
 BMS-C 920 Bioactive compounds and phytopharmacology Theory-Core All faculty

Unit I
Identification of source – authentication of the specimen – collection of plant material – collection of aquatic specimens and
organisms –initial processing procedures – precautions to be followed during processing – collection of relevant data
Unit II
Extraction procedures – precautions to be taken to preserve the biological activity – different types of solvent extraction procedures
and selection of the extraction process – chromatographic separation of the extracts – identification of the chemical structure and
correlation with the existing data.;
Unit III
Screening for toxicity – testing for acute effects - determination of toxic effects in higher doses – testing for long term effects –
identification of the target of toxic effects.
Unit IV
Screening for specific pharmacological effects – identification of systemic effects – selection of experimental model for the
systemic effect – identification direct and indirect effects – identification of the target at cellular or molecular level.
Unit V
Laboratory procedure for studying the mechanism of action of a bioactive compound – evaluation of the structure activity
relationship – interpretation of the laboratory data. – identification of adverse effects.

BMS-C 922 Experimental design and biostatistics Elective Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali

Unit I
Selection of the animal model for toxicity studies – grouping and allocation of the animals –determination of toxic dose –
determination of tolerable dose – duration of the experiment – observations to be made during the experimental period – number of
observations to be made.
Unit II
Selection of the animal for specific effects – reproducibility of the effect – decision regarding the number of repetitions –
assessment of the results and interpretation of the laboratory data.
Unit III
Designing the experiment for in vitro assays – selection of the tissue – use of agonists and antagonists – qualitative response
recording – determination of the concentration of unknown sample by using standards.
Unit IV
Types of measurements of biological data – tabular, numerical and graphical description of the data – Difference between adverse
and non-adverse effects based on statistical descriptions and biological descriptions.
Unit V
Inferential statistics -testing for significance of difference – biological implications of the observations – planning of future
experiments based on laboratory observations.

BMS-C 923 Experimental pharmacology Theory- Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Muralim and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Different types of assay procedures – laboratory animals – selection of animals – breeding – housing and other requirements –
handling of the laboratory animals – different routes of drug administration – techniques in blood collection and collection of other
specimens.
Unit II
In vitro tissue experiments – requirements and laboratory set up – physiological solution composition and preparation – dissection
and isolation of tissues –recording of the responses – use of tissue/ cell culture techniques – in vivo animal experiments – recording
of the responses in anesthetized animals.
Unit III
Toxicity testing – determination of median lethal dose – evaluation analgesics –local anesthetics –agents used in psychiatric
illnesses – study of the hypnotic and general anesthetic effects – assessment of anticonvulasnt effect – screening of antiparkinsonian
drugs.
Unit IV
Evaluation of the skeletal muscle relaxant property – assessment of cardiovascular effect – cardioactive agents and vascular dilating
or constricting property – evaluation of anytihypertensive agents.
Unit V
Evaluation of histamine antagonists –testing of dermal toxicity –evaluation of agents acting on uterus – evaluation of anti-
inflammatory agents and screening for the effect on learning and memory – interpretation of the laboratory data.

BMS-C 924 Advances in Pharmacology Theory-Core Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and

Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I

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Biotechnology in Drug Discovery and Development - Biotechnology drugs - recombinant DNA technology - Production of
Recombinant Proteins - Pharmacology, Toxicology, Therapeutic Dosage Formulations, and Clinical Response. Introduction to
Nanotechnology – application in diagnostic tools – nanotechnology and drug delivery.
Unit II
Biotechnology based therapeutics - Hematopoietic Growth Factors and Coagulation Factors - Interferons and Cytokines for Anti-
infective and Cancer Therapy – Hormones- Protein Hormones as Therapeutics - Enzyme Therapies.- Antibodies and Derivatives.
Pharmacogenomics and Proteomics -Discovery and Development of Therapeutic agents - Proteomic and Genomic Tools - Issues
related to the use of protein based drugs – Antigenicity, Stability, Drug Delivery
Unit III
Pharmacogenetics – introduction - Individualization of Drug Regimens - Integration of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic
Principles in Drug Therapy - Factors Governing individual Variations - Pharmacogenetics: Drug Metabolism and Transport -
Pharmacogenetics: Therapeutic Response - Individualized Gene-Based Medicine - Gene and Cell Therapy.

Unit IV
Molecular Pharmacology - Glutamate Receptors - Ligand–Receptor Interactions - Molecular Pharmacology of Gaba Receptors -
Molecular Pharmacology of Transmitter Transporters - Glutamate Transporters - Substrate-Binding Site in GABA Transporters -
Monoamine Transporters - Neurotransmitter Transporter Function - Functional Mechanisms of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Unit V
Computational techniques - Pharmacoinformatics - traditional drug discovery - biological target-based drug discovery - biomedical
computing – role of bioinformatics in providing genomic databases for an optimal target – computational techniques in
determination of the structure of the target macromolecule or modeling - lead compound isolation – determination of the structure of
the target-compound complex.

BMS-E 905 Reproductive and Endocrine toxicology Elective Prof. Dr. M.P.Balasubramanian

Unit-I
Overview of reproductive physiology – gametogenesis – storage and transmission of genetic information by the generative cells.
Unit-II
Spermatogenesis – cells in seminiferous tubules – meiosis – differentiation of spermatozoa.
Unit-III
Oogenesis – growth of the oocyte – accumulation of food reserves of the oocyte – pattern of organization – maturation of the egg –
developing egg – fertilization – embryonic development in the egg – cleavage – morphological aspects of gastrulation and primary
organ formation – physiology of gastrulation
Unit-IV
Organogenesis – differentiation and growth – sexual maturation – asexual reproduction.
Unit--VI
Action of xenobiotics on reproductive process – hormonal controls – egg production – transfer of contaminants by eggs and sperms
– embryo energy metabolism.
Unit--VII
Changes in pollutant sensitivity during embryonic development in lower vertebrates and invertebrates – hatching time – larvae –
larval and juvenile growth.

BMS-E 906 Hepatotoxicology Elective Dr. S.Karthikeyan

Unit-I
Anatomy and function of the liver – Microscopic and functional aspects of liver cells – Overview of hepatic circulation – bile duct –
elimination function of the liver – bile formation – enterohepatic circulation.
Unit-II
Effects of chemicals on the liver – acute cytotoxic lesions – cholestatic lesions – chronic liver disorder – hepatovascular lesions -
tumors – granulomatous lesions.
Unit-III
Mechanism of liver injury – hepatic necrosis – cirrhosis – Direct vs. indirect effects – biochemical, immunological, cholestatic
mechanisms,
Unit-IV
Examples of hepatotoxic substances – acetaminophen. Carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, isoniazid, pyrolizidine alkaloids,
environmental pollutants, food carcinogens.
Unit-V
Mechanism of hepatic steatosis – increased synthesis of fatty acids – reduced oxidation of fatty acids – decreased production of
lipoproteins – interferences with mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids – Inhibition of protein synthesis.
Unit-IV
Evaluation of hepatotoxicity – hepatic necrosis, steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma – Liver function tests – Hepato protective
agents mechanisms of hepatoprotection.

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 BMS Neuro and Nano Toxicology Elective Prof. S.L.Maheswari
E907

Unit-I
Cell and Molecular biology of Neuron – Evolution of neurons, cytology, ion channels, membrane potential and action potential.
Synthesis of neuronal proteins.

Unit-II
Synaptic transmission – Evolution of synapses and overview, synaptic integration, modulation by second messengers and synaptic
transmission. Neurotransmitters- acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino transmitters, ATP and adenosine, and neuroactive peptides.
Unit-III
Development of Nervous system - Comparative anatomy, structure and function of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous system.
Biochemical and physiological function of neurons and glial cells.
Unit-IV
Brain and Behaviour- Distinct functional regions of the brain, genes and behaviour. Neural basis of cognition. Definition and neural
basis of short term and long-term memory.
Unit-V
Basic principles of toxicology and Toxicoinformatics – Regulatory toxicology. Major classes of toxic agents. Impact of
environmental pollutants on nervous system. Toxicoinformatics - Neurodegenerative disorders. Xenobiotic effects on learning,
memory, aging and behaviour.
Unit-VI
Nanotoxicology – Introduction. Concepts of Nanotoxicology. Mechanisms of Nano-sized particle toxicity. Nanopollution -
Nanomaterials in the Environment.. Human exposure to nano sized materials. Portals of entry and target tissues. Risk assessment.
Ethical, Legal and Societal implications.

BMS-E908 Immunotoxicology Elective Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Immune system – organization and functions – cell mediated immunity – humoral immunity – Types of allergic reactions
Unit II
Immunosuppressive agents – adrenalcortical steroids – antiproliferative and antimetabolic drugs – antibodies – tolerance.
Unit III
Immunostimulant drugs – immunostimulant drugs – vaccines – globulins.
Unit IV
Xenobiotics and their influence on immune system – immunotoxicity of organotin compounds – polychlorinated biphenyles –
hexachlorobenzene – oxidizing gases.
Unit V
Tests of immune competence – Experimental evaluation of immunotoxicity – animal models used in the evaluation of
immunotoxicity.

BMS-E909 Environmental Toxicology Elective Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu

Unit I
Introduction – Description of essential terms - routes of exposure/ administration- absorption –distribution – biotransformation –
excretion - effects of xenobiotics - interaction between xenobiotics
Unit II
Toxicity testing –Laboratory animals – toxicity testing in animals - toxicological field studies- priorities in the selection of
chemicals for testing- the extent of toxicity testing required.
Unit III
Interpretation of laboratory data – distinction between adverse and non-adverse effects, threshold, theoretical and practical
considerations - extrapolation of animal data to man.
Unit IV
Human data – ethical considerations, need for human investigations.
Clinical toxicology- the role of laboratory in acute human poisoning.
Unit V
Environmental health standards- use of toxicological data in establishing environmental health standards –an example of
toxicological information used in standard setting - limitations of safety evaluation

BMS-E 910 Haemopoietic Cardiovascular and Elective Prof R. Venkatakrishna Murali

Renal Toxicology

Unit I

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Components of haemopoietic system – Types of anemia – Iron – Folic acid and vitamin B12 – Haemopoietic growth factors.
Coagulation of blood – drugs acting on coagulation cascade4 – anticoagulants – anti-platelet drugs - fibrinolytic drugs.
Unit II
Cardiac rate and rhythm-action potential of cardiac muscle- disturbances of cardiac rhythm Cardiac Contraction – Coronary
atherosclerosis and its Consequence - Drugs affecting cardiac function- cardiac glycosides – antidysrhythmic drugs – antianginal
drugs.
Unit III
Control of vascular smooth muscle tone – structure and function of vascular endothelium – “Renin – Angiotensin” system –
vasoconstrictor drugs – vasodilator drugs – Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.
Unit IV
Structure and function of nephron – tubular function- Acid-Base balance – Diuretics – Drugs altering the pH of urine – Drugs
altering the excretion of organic molecules – Renal toxicology.
Unit V
In vitro and in vivo experimental evaluation of drugs that affect blood formation – Evaluation of drugs acting on cardiovascular
system – Evaluation of diuretics – Assessment of renal toxicity.

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