Content and

Contextual Analysis
of Selected Primary
MODULE
2
Sources in
Philippine MODULE CONTENTS
History
LESSON 1: A Brief Summary of
In this chapter, we will examine the First Voyage Around the
a number of primary sources World by Magellan by Antonio
from different historical periods Pigafetta
and evaluate the content of LESSON 2: The KKK and the
these documents in terms of “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
historical value and examine
LESSON 3: Reading the
their production context.
“Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence”
The primary sources in this
chapter range from chronicles, LESSON 4: A Glance at Selected
Philippine Political Caricature in
official documents, speeches Alfred McCoy‟s Philippine
and cartoons and visual arts. Cartoons: Political Caricature of
We are going to explore all of the American Era (1900-1941)
that in this chapter.
LESSON 5: Revisiting Corazon
Aquino‟s Speech before the U.S.
Intended Learning Congress

Outcomes

At the end of Module 2, you should be able to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through

examining the content and context of the
document; and
b. Display learned history through primary sources.
 LESSON
“If you hear a voice within you say „you
1 A Brief Summary
of the First
Voyage Around
the World by
cannot paint‟, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
Magellan by
- Vincent Van Gogh Antonio Pigafetta

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

and context of the document “A Brief Summary of the First Voyage
Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta; and
b. Display learned history through primary sources.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Good day! Did you know in what part of the country did the first mass was
celebrated? In what year did the first voyage around the world sailed? Or,
who recorded the fateful circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan? If all
your answers are no, take the tour as we go deep with Philippine History to
know the answers and learn more exciting facts.

A C T I V I T Y FIND THE MISSING WORDS!

Instructions: Read the sentences and fill the blanks with the missing
words that you‟ve found on the word puzzle below. (Words might be
hidden horizontally, vertically and diagonally.)
1. Ferdinand ____________ landed in the Philippines in 1521.
2. An Italian nobleman named Antonio ______________ accompanied
him in his fateful circumnavigation of the world.
3. ______________ is a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaua.
4. The Chief of Mactan during Magellan‟s arrival was
________________.
5. On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the island of
____________.
WD G K K F V D V D X F R G D
K YMR G H D N G T OH N H S
P I GA F E T TA FHFHK L
V B NMG Y J K O P F B F H L
Q A Z X S EWE D C V S F R T
Y H NM J U L A P U L A P U P
Z X C V B NMA A S DM F G H
P O I U Y T R E NWQ A S D F
B A L NGA Y H J K L R P L N
 A N A L Y S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions:

1. What is the reason and purpose of the voyage?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What were the most important „virtues‟ that Magellan showed? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

3. Explain the principle of “No records, no documents; no history”.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

4. Enumerate the kinds of primary sources. Which one of these is created for large
students and was distributed widely?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
 A B S T R A C T I O N

This book was taken from the

sixteenth-century chronicles of
contemporary travelers and navigators.
One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, an
Italian nobleman, who accompanied
Ferdinand Magellan on his tragic world
circumnavigation. Travelogue of Pigafetta
is one of the most important primary
sources in precolonial Philippines research.
After a couple of days Magellan was
His account was also a significant
introduced to the brother of the King who
reference to the events leading to the
was also a ruler of another country.
arrival of Magellan in the Philippines. The
Pigafetta described this King as the most
First Voyage around the World by
beautiful of all the men he saw here. He
Magellan was published after Pigafetta
was dressed like a silver sword with silk and
returned to Italy.
gold rings, which he carried in a wooden
In Pigaffeta‟s account, their fleet
polished sheath with him. This king was
reached what he called the Landrones
named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and
Islands or the “Islands of the Thieves”.
Calagan (Butuan and Caragua), and the
The Landrones Islands is presently known
first king was Raia Siagu. On March 31st,
as the Marianas Islands. Pigafetta
which happened to be Easter Sunday,
recounted after 2 days, March 18, nine
Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a
men came to them and showed joy and
Mass by the shore. The king heard of this
eagerness in seeing them. He detailed in
plan and sent two dead pigs and attended
amazement and fascination the palm
the Mass with the other king.
tree which bore fruits called cocho, and
On the 26th of April, Zula, a principal
wine. He also described what seemed like
man from the island of Matan (Mactan)
a coconut.
went to see Magellan and asked him for a
Pigafetta described the people as
boat full of men so that he would be able to
"very familiar and friendly," and happily
fight the chief named Silapulapu
showed them different islands and island
(Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula,
names. The fleet headed to Humunu
refused to obey the king and was also
Island (Homonhon) and found what
preventing him from doing so. Magellan
Pigafetta called the "Watering Place of
offered three boats instead and expressed
Good Signs" there. "It was at this location
his desire to go to Mactan himself to fight
that Pigaffeta wrote they discovered the
the said chief. Magellan‟s forces arrived in
island's first signs of gold. In Mazzava /
Mactan in daylight. They numbered 49 in
Mazaua, Pigafetta recounted that they
total and the islander of Mactan were
saw two ballanghai (balangay), a long
estimated to number 1,500. The battle
boat full of men. The chief, sent his men to
began.
Magellan 's ship. Magellan refused when
Magellan died in that battle. The
the balangay king offered to give
natives, perceiving that the bodies of the
Magellan a bar of gold and a chest of
enemies were protected with armors,
ginger. Magellan sent the interpreter
aimed for their legs instead. Magellan was
explain that he was coming to the islands
pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right
as a friend and not as an enemy.
leg.
 A P P L I C A T I O N

QUIZ TIME!

3. Magellan lost the favor of the king

of the Portugal when he became
involved in a political
1. Which of the following events
______________.
did not happen when Magellan
went to Cebu?
a. entanglement
b. discussion
a. Magellan fought with
c. negotiation
Lapulapu.
d. Intrigue
b. The Cebuanos were baptized
as Catholics.
c. Magellan offered a statue of
4. How was Ferdinand Magellan
the Sto. Niño as a gift.
killed?
d. Raja Humabon welcomed
Magellan.
a. He died of old age
b. By a poison arrow
c. He drowned
2. Why did Magellan go to
d. He was bored to death
Mactan?

a. He wanted to visit the place.

5. What major accomplishment was
b. He wanted to baptize the
Ferdinand Magellan responsible for?
people to the Catholic faith.
c. He wanted to build a church.
a. Completing the first voyage
d. He wanted to buy spices.
around the world
b. Taking over the spice islands
c. Wiping out the Native American
population
d. Becoming king of England
 LESSON
“If you hear a voice within you say „you
2 The KKK and
the “Kartilya
ng Katipunan”
cannot paint‟, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. display familiarization with the document, “Kartilya ng Katipunan”; and

the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Spanish
period; and
b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Hello! Did you know that the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip
II of Spain? The people that inhabit this place have very interesting culture
some not forgotten from the old days. How conversant are you with the
great history? Let‟s find out!

A C T I V I T Y FILL THE COLUMNS!

Instructions: Fill the columns with facts of what KKK is and what it is not.
KKK is … KKK is not …
 A N A L Y S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions:

1. What is the difference between the KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN and the MGA
KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What is the purpose of forming the organization, the KATAASTAASAN,

KAGALANGGALANGANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?s
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

A B S T R A C T I O N

The Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunan is
arguably the most important organization
formed in the Philippine History. While anti-
colonial movements, efforts, and
organizations has already been
established centuries prior to the
foundation of the Katipunan, it was only
this organization that envisioned (1) a
united Filipino nation that would revolt
against the Spaniards for (2) the total
independence of the country from Spain.
The Kartilya can be treated as the
The imagination of the nation was
Katipunan‟s code of conduct. It contains
largely absent in the aspirations of the
fourteen rules that instruct the way a
local revolts before Katipunan. On the
Katipunero should behave, and which
other hand, the propaganda movements
specific values should he uphold.
led by the ilustrados like Marcelo H. Del
Generally, the rules stated in the Kartilya
Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose
can be classified into two. The first group
Rizal did not envision a total separation of
contains the rules that will make the
the Philippines from Spain, but only
member an upright individual and the
demanded equal rights, representation,
second group contains the rules that will
and protection from the abuses of the
guide the way he treats his fellow men.
friars.
 A P P L I C A T I O N

QUIZ TIME!

1. Explain the aims of the Katipunan and its code of conduct.

2. Explain the content and provisions of the Kartilya as a

reaction and response to certain value systems.
 LESSON
“If you hear a voice within you say „you
3 Reading the
“Proclamation of
the Philippine
Independence”
cannot paint‟, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. display familiarization with the document, Proclamation of the Philippine Independence;

and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Post-Spanish period;
and
b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Hi! Did you know that the Philippines annually commemorates the
anniversary of the country‟s independence? Indeed, such event is a
significant turning point in the history of the country. To know more about
these facts, hop in the time travel capsule and let‟s harken back to the
past!

A C T I V I T Y 1 COLOR REPRESENT!

Instructions: Recognize what symbolizes each color on the

Philippine flag.
 A C T I V I T Y 2 QUIZ TIME!

Answer the following questions.

1. When was the Philippine Independence declared?

a. 1896 b.1897 c.1898 d.1899

2. Before declaring independence, the Philippines was a colony of Spain for how
long?

a. 311 years b. 317 years c. 323 years d. 333 years

3. Where was the Philippine independence held?

a. Malolos, Bulacan b. Kawit, Cavite c. Intramuros, Manila d. Minglanilla, Cebu

4. Who is regarded as the mother of the Philippine flag?

a. Gabriela Silang b. Gregoria de Jesus c. Melchora Aquino d. Marcela Agoncillo

5. After 48 years as a colony of the US, independence was granted on which

date?

a. June 4 b. July 4 c. June 12 d. July 12

ANALYSIS

Answer the following questions.

1. Below are some of the rules that can be found in Kartilya:

X. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children,
and if the guide leads to precipice, those whom he guides will also go
there.
XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical)
weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee and reared thee.
XII. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and
sisters, that do not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy
neighbor. What do these provisions or rules of Kartilya imply?

2. Give a short background on the events that led to the independence of

the country, the Philippines.
 A B S T R A C T I O N

Every year, the country commemorates the

anniversary of the Philippine Independence
proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of
Cavite. Indeed, such event is a significant turning
point in the history of the country because it
signaled the end of the 333 years of Spanish
colonization‟s. There have been numerous studies
done on the event‟s leading to the independence
of the country but very few students had the
chance to read the actual document of the
declaration. This is in spite of the historical
importance of the document and the details that
the document in hindsight is telling of the kind of
government that was created under Aguinaldo,
and the forthcoming hand of the United States of
America in the next few years of the newly
created republic. The declaration was a short
2,000-word document, which summarized the
reason behind the revolution against Spain, the
war for independence, and the future of the new
republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.

The proclamation commenced with a

characterization of the conditions in the Philippines
during the Spanish colonial period. The document
specifically mentioned abuses and inequalities in
the colony. The declaration says:

“…taking into considerations, that their inhabitants

being already weary of bearing the ominous yoke
of Spanish domination, on account of the arbitrary
arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil
Guard to the extent of causing death with the
connivance and even with the express orders of
their commanders, who sometimes went to the
extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under
the pretext that they were attempting to escape,
in violation of the provisions of the Regulations of quickly brought about by a method of procedure
more execrable than that of the Inquisition and
their Corps, which abuses were unpunished and
which every civilized nation rejects on account of a
on account of the unjust deportations, especially
decision being rendered without a hearing of the
those decreed by General Blanco, of eminent persons accused.”
personages and of high social position, at the
instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested in The above passage demonstrates the
keeping them out of the way for their own selfish justifications behind the revolution against Spain.
and avaricious purpose, deportations which are Specifically cited are the abuse by the Civil
Guards and the unlawful shooting of prisoners
whom they alleged as attempting to escape. The
passage also condemns the unequal protection
of the law between the Filipino people and the
.
“eminent personages.” Moreover, the line
mentions the avarice and greed of the clergy like
the friars and the Archbishop himself. Lastly, the
passage also condemns what they saw as the
unjust deportation and rendering of other
decision without proper hearing, expected of any
civilized nation.
 A P P L I C A T I O N

1. In this lesson, analyze and explain how these historical contexts shaped and continue
to shape people‟s perspectives.

2. Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a
reasoned argument about the reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence”.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 3! Have a
great day!
 A glance at

LESSON
“If you hear a voice within you say „you
4 Selected
Philippine
Political
Caricature in
cannot paint‟, then by all means paint, Alfred McCoy’s
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh Philippine
Cartoons:
TIME FRAME Political
Caricature of the
American Era
(1900-1941)

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

1. display familiarization with the document, “Political Caricature of the
American Era”; and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines
during the Spanish period; and
2. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Hey there! Did you know that Political Cartoons are not made just to make
you laugh but it also portrays a point and/or issue of a particular event?
You can find then in a newspaper but they won‟t be in the comics
section. Instead, they‟re on the editorial pages! You can make one of
those, too! But before that, proceed first to the next columns so we can
understand more of what caricature/cartoon is.

Instructions: Pick one of the following

A C T I V I T Y 1 selected political cartoons/caricatures. Site
and give opinion on what political issue that
cartoon is all about.
 A N A L Y S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions:

1. Did you find the cartoons persuasive? Why or why not?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Why is it that the Editorial Cartoon during the American Era was focused on
Political Caricature?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

A B S T R A C T I O N

Political cartoons and caricature are a

rather recent art form, which veered
away from the classical art by
exaggerating human features and poking
fun at its subjects. Such art genre and
technique became a part of the print
media as a form of social and political
commentary, which usually targets
persons of power and authority. Cartoons
became an effective tool of publicizing
opinions through heavy use of symbolism,
which is different from a verbose written
editorial and opinion pieces. The Independent on May 20,
1961. The cartoon shows a politician
In his book Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the American Era (1900- from Tondo, named Dr. Santos,
1941), Alfred McCoy, together with passing his crown to his brother-in-
Alfredo Roces, compiled political cartoons law, Dr. Barcelona. A Filipino guy (as
published in newspaper dailies and depicted wearing salakot and
periodicals in the aforementioned time barong tagalog) was trying to stop
period.
Santos, telling the latter to stop
giving Barcelona the crown
because it is not his to begin with.
 The third cartoon was a commentary on
the unprecedented cases of colorum
automobiles in the city streets. The
Philippine Free Press published this
commentary when fatal accidents
involving colorum vehicles and taxis
occurred too often already.

The second cartoon was also published

by the Independent on 16 June 1917. This
was drawn by Fernando Amorsolo and
was aimed as a commentary to the
workings of Manila police at that period.
Here, we see a Filipino child who stole a
skinny chicken because he had nothing
to eat. The police officer was relentlessly
pursuing the said child. A man wearing a
salakot, labeled Juan de la Cruz was
grabbing the officer, telling him to leave
the small-time pickpockets and the
thieves and to turn at the great thieves
instead. He was pointing to huge
warehouses containing bulks of rice, milk,
and grocery products.

This fourth cartoon depicts a

cinema. A blown-up police officer was at
the screen saying that couples are not
allowed to neck and make love in the
theater. Two youngsters looked horrified
while an older couple seemed amused.

The next cartoon was published by the

Independent on 27 November 1915. Here,
we see the caricature of Uncle Sam riding
a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing
school uniforms. McCoy, in his caption to
the said cartoon, says that this cartoon
was based on an event in 1907 when
William Howard Taft was brought to the
Manila pier riding a chariot pulled by
students of Liceo de Manila.
The last cartoon was published by Lipang
Kalabaw on 24 August 1907.In the picture, we
can see Uncle Sam rationing porridge to the
politicians and members of the Progresista Party
(sometimes known as Federalista Party) while
members of the Nacionalista Party look on and
wait for their turn. This cartoon depicts the
patronage of the Unite States.
 A P P L I C A T I O N

Make your own cartoon about today’s political view. Share your
perspective about your cartoon/caricature.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 4! Have a
great day!
 Revisiting

LESSON
“If you hear a voice within you say „you
5 Corazon
Aquino’s
Speech Before
the U.S.
cannot paint‟, then by all means paint, Congress
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

1. properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content

and context of the document in Corazon Aquino‟s Speech before the US
Congress; and
2. display learned history through primary sources.

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Hello! Did you know that Corazon “Cory” Aquino was named Time
Magazine‟s Woman of the year 1986? She was also the most prominent
figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the 20-year rule
of President Ferdinand Marcos. As we go on with the lesson, let us
acquaint with Corazon Aquino‟s Speech to know more about what she
did for our country.

SPIDER CONCEPT MAP

A C T I V I T Y Instructions: Give facts on important
terms and information that define who
Corazon Aquino is.

CORAZON C.
AQUINO
 A N A L Y S I S

Hello student! Answer the following questions:

1. How did the former President Corazon C. Aquino view Marcos‟ administration?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

2. How did she describe democracy before her presidency?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

A B S T R A C T I O N

Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco Aquino

functioned as the symbol of the
restoration of democracy and the
overthrow of the Marco Dictatorship in
1986. The EDSA People Power, which
installed Cory Aquino in the presidency,
put the Philippines in the international
spotlight for overthrowing a dictator
through peaceful means.
The People Power Revolution of
1986. When former senator Ninoy Aquino
was shot at the Tarmac of the Manila
International Airport on 21 August 1983,
the Marcos regime greatly suffered a crisis
of legitimacy. Protests from different
sectors frequented different areas in the
country. Marcos‟s credibility in the
international community also suffered.
Paired with looming economics crisis, Leading military officials of the regime and
Marcos had to do something to prove to Martial Law orchestrators themselves,
his allies in the United States that he Juan Ponce Enrile and Fidel Ramos,
remained to be the democratically plotted to take over the presidency, until
anointed leader of the country. He called civilians heeded the call of then Manila
for the Snap Election in February 1986, Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin and other
where Corazon Aquino Cojuangco civilian leaders gather in EDSA. The
Aquino, the widow of the slain senator overwhelming presence of civilians in
was convicted to run against Marcos. The EDSA successfully turned a coup into a
canvassing was rigged to Marcos‟s favor civilian demonstration. The thousands of
but the people expressed their protests people who gathered overthrow
against the corrupt and authoritarian Ferdinand Marcos from the presidency
government. after 21 years.
 Cory talked about her miraculous
Cory continued that when Ninoy survived
victory through the people‟s struggle and
that first detention, he was then charged
continued talking about her earliest
of subversion, murder, and other crimes.
initiatives as the president of a restored
He was tried by a military court, whose
democracy. She stated that she intended
legitimacy Ninoy adamantly questioned.
to forge and draw reconciliation after a
To solidify his protest, Ninoy decided to do
bloody and polarizing dictatorship. Cory
a hunger strike and fasted for 40 days.
emphasized the importance of the EDSA
Cory treated this event as the second
Revolution in terms of being a “limited
time that their family lost Ninoy. She said.
revolution that respected the life and
freedom of every Filipino.” She also
“When that didn‟t work, they put him on
boasted of the restoration of a fully
trial for subversion, murder and a host of
constitutional government whose
other crimes before a military commission.
constitution gave utmost respect to the Bill
Ninoy challenged its authority and went
of Rights. She reported to the U.S
on a fast. If he survived it, then he left God
Congress:
intended him for another fate. We had
lost him again. For nothing would hold him
“Again, as we restore democracy
back from his determination to see his fast
by the ways of democracy, so we are
through to the end. He stopped only
completing the constitutional structures of
when it dawned on him that the
our new democracy under a constitution
government would keep his body alive
that already gives full respect to the Bill of
after the fast had destroyed his brain. And
Rights. A jealously independent
so, with barely any life in his body, he
constitutional commission is completing its
called of the fast on the 40th day.”
draft which will be submitted later this
year to popular referendum. When it is
Cory attributed the peaceful EDSA
approved, there will be elections for both
Revolution to the martyrdom of Ninoy. She
national and local positions. So, within
stated that the death of Ninoy sparked
about a year from a peaceful but
the revolution and the responsibility of
national upheaval that overturn a
“offering the democratic alternative” had
dictatorship, we shall have returned to full
“fallen on (her) shoulders.” Cory address
constitutional government.”
introduced to her democratic philosophy,
which claimed she also acquired from
Cory ended her speech by thanking
Ninoy. She argued:
America for serving as home to her family
for what she referred to as the “three
“I held fats to Ninoy‟s conviction that it
happiest years of our lives together.” She
must be by the ways of democracy. I held
enjoyed America in building the
out for participation in the 1984 election
Philippines a new home for democracy
the dictatorship called, even if I know it
and in turning the country as a “shining
would be rigged. I was warned by the
testament of our two nations‟
lawyers of the opposition, that I ran the
commitment to freedom.”
grave risk of legitimizing the foregone
results of elections that were clearly going
to be fraudulent. But I was not fighting for
lawyers but for the people in whose
intelligence, I had implicit faith. By the
exercise of democracy even in a
dictatorship, they would be prepared for
democracy when it came. And then also,
it was the only way I knew by which we
could measure our power even in the
terms dictated by the dictatorship. The
people vindicated me in an election
shamefully marked by government
thuggery and fraud. The opposition swept
the elections, garnering a clear majority of
the votes even if they ended up with
barely a third of the seats in Parliament.
Now I knew our power.”
 A P P L I C A T I O N

Create a reaction paper to Corazon C. Aquino’s speech.

Thank you for

superbly finishing
Lesson 5! Have a
great day!
 MODULE ASSESSEMENT

TRUE OR FALSE

Instructions: Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space provided.

______1. Non-written documents are not useful as primary sources in conducting historical research.

______2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical event that fueled people‟s anger
and condemnation of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

______3. Apolinario Mabini penned the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

______4. Magellan and his fleet received a warm welcome from all of the chieftains and local leaders
in the Philippine Islands.

______5. The Americans radically altered the social structure in the Philippines after they took over from
Spain in terms of socioeconomic equality.

______6. The “Proclamation of Philippine Independence” reflects the social and economic discontent
of the masses about the land ownership and other agrarian issues.

______7. The enmity between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not affect how the former‟s revolutionary
credited Bonifacio to the beginnings of the Philippine Revolution.

______8. Corazon Aquino did not want to forge alliance with the United States because the latter was
a known important ally of Marcos.

______9. The conservative attitude of the youth toward sexuality did not change since the Spanish
period until the 1930s.

______10. The forces of Magellan were successful I defeating and conquering Lapulapu.
CRITICAL ESSAY
Identify a primary source in Philippine history from the examples provided in this
chapter. Write an essay discussing (1) the importance of the text, (2) the background
of the text‟s author, (3) the context of the document, and (4) the text‟s contribution
to understanding Philippine history.

MODULE SUMMARY
Hello student! It has been a long journey exploring through this module. Now,
you are about to close this module and learn new lesson as you go on through
this book. Further, I will take this opportunity to wrap up all the lesson we have
learn. These are some important highlights in this module:

 Drawing is actually the first step in producing artwork but sometimes, an

artist‟s drawing is the finished artwork. It also applies four basic shading
techniques, hatching, crosshatching, blending, stippling.
 Painting is the process of applying color to a surface using tools such as a
brush, a painting knife, a roller, or even your fingers. Media of painting can
be either oil-based or water-soluble.
 Sculpture is art that is made to occupy space. It uses the media of clay,
glass, plastics, wood, stone and metal. No matter what medium is used, a
sculpture will be one of two types: sculpture in the round or relief
sculpture.
 Sculpting techniques involves modeling, carving, casting and assembling.
A combination of these techniques can be applied to producing
sculpture.
 Photography is the technique of capturing optical images on light-
sensitive surfaces. The media of photography before were daguerreotype
and wet plate method.
 Video is a remarkable development because, unlike film, it does not
require special processing or printing.

REFERENCE