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Gini

The document discusses the Gini coefficient, which is a measure of statistical dispersion used to represent income or wealth inequality within a nation or social group. It was developed by statistician Corrado Gini. A Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality and 1 represents maximal inequality. The document provides some examples of Gini coefficient values for different countries and regions.

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Ashwal Gowda
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41 views1 page

Gini

The document discusses the Gini coefficient, which is a measure of statistical dispersion used to represent income or wealth inequality within a nation or social group. It was developed by statistician Corrado Gini. A Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality and 1 represents maximal inequality. The document provides some examples of Gini coefficient values for different countries and regions.

Uploaded by

Ashwal Gowda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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n 

economics, the Gini coefficient (/ˈdʒiːni/ JEE-nee), also known as the Gini index or Gini


ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or
the wealth inequality within a nation or a social group. The Gini coefficient was developed by
the statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as
the levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 expresses perfect equality, where all values are the
same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) expresses maximal inequality among values. For
example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, if for a large
number of people only one person has all the income or consumption and all others have none,
the Gini coefficient will be nearly one.[3][4]
The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure
of inequality of income or wealth.[5] For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the
effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49,
with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest.[6] African countries had the highest pre-
tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, variously
estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7,[7][8] although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken
into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation.[9] The global income Gini coefficient in 2005
has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.[10][11]
There are some issues in interpreting a Gini coefficient; the same value may result from many
different distribution curves. The demographic structure should be taken into account. Countries
with an aging population or with a baby boom experience an increasing pre-tax Gini coefficient
even if real income distribution for working adults remains constant. Scholars have devised over
a dozen variants of the Gini coefficient.[12][13][14]

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