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Social Mobility

Social mobility refers to movement between social classes or status groups, either upward or downward. There are several types of social mobility, including horizontal mobility within the same social level, and vertical mobility between social levels. Vertical mobility can be upward, such as a teacher becoming a principal, or downward, like a business owner facing major losses. Social mobility can also occur between generations or within a single generation over a person's career. Factors that influence social mobility include policies, education, opportunities, social structure, values, and luck.

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89 views3 pages

Social Mobility

Social mobility refers to movement between social classes or status groups, either upward or downward. There are several types of social mobility, including horizontal mobility within the same social level, and vertical mobility between social levels. Vertical mobility can be upward, such as a teacher becoming a principal, or downward, like a business owner facing major losses. Social mobility can also occur between generations or within a single generation over a person's career. Factors that influence social mobility include policies, education, opportunities, social structure, values, and luck.

Uploaded by

Iqra fakhar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Social Mobility

Definitions:
• Movement from one class —or more usually status group to another. (Poor people may
become rich)
• The movement – usually of individuals but sometimes of whole groups – between
different positions within the system of social stratification in any society.
PATTERNS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:

1. Horizontal Mobility:
 Movement from one position to another within the same social level or same status
category
 Ex: Changing jobs without altering occupational status as teacher leaves one school and
joins another school with same status as before
 Manager/Supervisor in one company being appointed as manager/supervisor in another
company
• Real World Example:
A used car salesman at the local Ford dealership quits and gains a new job as a used car
salesman at the local Chevy dealership.
2. Vertical Mobility
 Movement from one social level to a higher one (upward mobility) or a lower one
(downward mobility)
Types of Vertical Mobility:
a. Upward Vertical Mobility:
Upward Vertical Mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from lower to higher
status in a social stratification system.
b. Downward Vertical Mobility:
Downward vertical Mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from higher to
lower status in a social stratification system.
• Real World Example:
 A local mayor runs for governor and wins election.

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 Small business owner becomes President
 Actor becomes Governor, President
 Promotion of teacher to Principal or demotion of principal to teacher
 Movement from Gulshan to Defense or from Defense to Nazimabad
 Big businessmen who have invested huge money in business but face heavy loss.
 People in high officers might be denoted due to their corrupt practices
c. Intergenerational Mobility
 Movement within or between social classes and occupations, the change occurring from
one generation to the next.
 A change in social standing from one generation to the next.
• Real World Example:
 My father is a X-Ray technician and my mother is a pre-school teacher. I am a high
school social studies teacher.
 A plumber’s son become the Nazim of their community.
 Bus conductor’s son becomes the chief minister of a state or province.
d. Intragenerational Mobility:
 Intra- generational – movement within one generation e.g. a person moves from one
social class to another in the course of their life time.
 A change in social status which occurs within a person’s adult career
 When individual moves from lower position to a higher one within the same generation.
• Real World Example:
 A lecturer in a pre-university college becoming a professor at the university after his
doctoral degree.
 A person working as a supervisor in a factory becoming its Assistant Manager after
getting promotion.
Types of Social Mobility
 Geographical Social Mobility
 Occupational Social Mobility
 Educational Social Mobility

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 Social Class Social Mobility
Factors Affecting Social Mobility
 Policy and practice of migration (Forced, Voluntary)
 Differential fertility of social classes
 Presence or absence of individual competition
 Availability of opportunities to prepare one’s self for competitive process as a
secondary factor (education first)
 Patterns of equality and inequality in a society
 Hard work
 Social structure
 Societal values and norms
 Level of education/ Standard of living
 Marriage
 Fortune/Luck
 Security
 Greed/Jealousy
 Conflicts

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