Topic of Presentation:
HCI of Disabled Persons:
Presented To:
Engr. Fawad Hussain
Presented By:
Omer Khan 12F-MS-CP-12
Sadia Azam 12F-MS-CP-17
Hassan Ahmad 12F-MS-CP-01
Flow of Presentation:
Introduction
Kinds of Disabilities
Strategies for making system for disable person
Types of HCI for Disabled
Examples of HCI system for disabled person
Conclusion
Human Computer
Interaction:
Human computer Interaction (HCI) involves the study,
planning, and design of the interaction between
people (users) and computers
Attention to human-machine interaction is important,
because poorly designed human-machine interfaces
can lead to many unexpected problems
Goals of HCI:
A basic goal of HCI is to improve the interactions
between users and computers by making computers
more usable and receptive to the user's needs.
Specifically, HCI is concerned with:
methodologies and processes for designing interfaces
techniques for evaluating and comparing interfaces
developing new interfaces and interaction techniques
Introduction:
As the human society entered the 21st century,
people are more and more aware of the fact that the
issue of people with disabilities is becoming a
worldwide major social issue.
The disabled persons are still facing special problems
and difficulties due to their physical or mental
limitations
HCI for Disabled:
Worldwide, at least one person out of ten is disabled
due to physical, mental or sensory impairments
More than 500 million people worldwide
In addition, aging very often results in limitations in
vision, hearing, memory, or motor functions
There are around 600 million persons aged 60 years
HCI for Disabled:
Computers offer valuable opportunities to physically
challenged people as it help them to engage more
fully with the world
designing and evaluating human-computer interfaces
for these users is more complicated than that for able-
bodied persons
patterns of interaction are also significantly different
from those of able-bodied users
Kinds of Disabilities:
Cognitive Impairment
visual impairment
hearing impairment
Dexterity Impairment (Arms/Hands/Fingers)
Elderly
Speech impairments
Illiteracy
Strategies for making system
for disable person
The basic strategies for making computers accessible
by each impairment category include
a) Visual impairments
b) Motor or dexterity impairments
c) Hearing disabilities
d) Cognitive disabilities
e) Speech impairments
f) Illiteracy
Visual impairments
Provision of the content through alternative modalities,
such as audio and tactile (in the form of Braille).
Support for content enlargement, e.g., control of font
size, zooming facilities.
Customization of color combinations to improve
contrast and simplification of visual complexity (e.g.,
replacing background images with solid colors) to
improve legibility.
Support of input through the keyboard and speech.
Motor or dexterity impairments:
Support / provision of alternative input devices and
techniques, such as switches, specialized keyboards,
mice, trackballs and joysticks, scanning, visual
keyboards and speech.
Speed and timing control and adjustment to suit
different response times.
Hearing disabilities:
they may range from total deafness (i.e., the person is not
able to hear at all), to slight loss of hearing (the person
can sense sounds and speech, but finds it hard to identify
their content).
Visual representations of auditory information.
Augmentation of speech with sign language.
Cognitive disabilities:
This is probably the hardest category since sometimes,
depending on the type and level of disability, solutions
must be provided at an individual basis. In general, all
related solutions include
Provision of alternative (simplified, illustrated) versions
of the content.
Simplification of tasks, e.g., through step by step
procedures and wizards.
Speech impairments:
support of alternative input / communication methods
when speech is required.
Illiteracy:
Content simplification.
Provision of textual content through illustrations, audio
and video.
Types of HCI for Disabled:
Visual-Based HCI
Audio-Based HCI
Sensor-Based HCI
Multimodal HCI Systems
Visual-Based HCI:
Facial Expression Analysis
Body Movement Tracking (Large-scale)
Gesture Recognition
Gaze Detection (Eyes Movement Tracking)
Audio-Based HCI:
Speech Recognition
Auditory Emotion Analysis
Human-Made Noise/Sign Detections (Gasp, Sigh,
Laugh, Cry, etc.)
Musical Interaction
Sensor-Based HCI:
Pen-Based Interaction
Mouse & Keyboard
Joysticks
Motion Tracking Sensors and Digitizers
Haptic Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Taste/Smell Sensors
Multimodal HCI Systems:
The definition of these channels is inherited from
human types of communication which are basically
his senses:
Sight
Hearing
Touch
Smell
Taste
The possibilities for interaction with a machine include
but are not limited to these types.
Multimodal HCI Systems:
One of the most commonly used HCI for disabled
persons is multimodal systems.
It is to address and assist disabled people (as persons
with hands disabilities)
Which need other kinds of interfaces than ordinary people.
In such systems, disabled users can perform work on
the PC by interacting with the machine using voice
and head movements.
Examples of HCI system for
disabled person:
Hands Free Interface for Human Computer
Interaction
Tongue-computer interface for disabled people
camera-Based Human-Computer Interface
System
Examples in operating systems
Hands Free Interface for Human
Computer Interaction:
The product provides an alternative to the conventional
mouse using computer vision and voice recognition
technologies as key techniques
The user can use his or her nose’s relative movements to
move the mouse pointer and use other mouse actions by
voice commands
image processing technologies have used to track the nose
position
Hands Free Interface for Human
Computer Interaction:
Following is a list of voice commands the software solution
accepts.
Click: Issues a left mouse button click
Double: Issues a left mouse button double click
Right: Issues a right mouse button click
Hold: Press and hold left mouse button
Release: Release the left mouse button held down
Stop: Stop the mouse emulation
Start: Resume the stopped mouse emulation
Camera-Based Human-
Computer Interface System
It tracks a user’s movements with a video camera and
translates them to movements of the mouse pointer
on the screen
“The Camera Mouse” system is comprised of a single
computer, a camera, and a driver program.
Any body feature such as the nose, finger, or lip can
be tracked to control mouse movements
Examples in operating systems
On screen keyboard
Narrator
Screen reader and magnifier
Conclusion
Interfaces should be designed for the greatest
possible number of people
Make the content accessible to impaired and elder
people.
Designer can increase their market share .
References
Chathur,anga, S.K. Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Moratuwa,
Moratuwa, Sri Lanka , Hands free interface for Human Computer
Interaction , Information and Automation for Sustainability
(ICIAFs), 2010 5th International Conference on
Experiments with a Camera-Based, Human-Computer Interface
System , Robyn Cloud*, Margrit Betke, and James Gips ,Computer
Science Department, Boston University, 111 Cummington Street,
Boston, MA 02215, USA, robyn_l_cloud@yahoo.com
Systems and interfaces for disabled people, Christophe
Pincemaille December 30,2008 Cork Institute of Technology,
Department of Computer Science
Fakhreddine Karray, Milad Alemzadeh, Jamil Abou Saleh, and Mo
Nours Arab, “Human-Computer Interaction: Overview on State of
the Art”, International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent
Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 137-159, March 2008.
www.wikipedia.com
http://www.ics.forth.gr/hci/uagames/computer_accessibility_stra
tegies.html
