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ABSTRACT
In the present time, there are conventional ideas concerning with the nature and
also with the culture that coincides us into an integrated and ecological whole.
Sustainable development and the ecological design of an Eco tourism spot is attainable
with the use of a concept that is suitable for the overall design of the proposal. Biophilic
concept is one of the many concepts that can bring a built environment the attainable
development it needs that can be functional and usable for both the people and the
nature itself. Strategies and new tools are also needed for the application of the
principles of the Biophilic concept development.
This study introduced the role of the built environment development for an Eco
park tourism site in terms of the tourism and economy of the municipality of Solana and
also with the nearby municipalities in the area. Building on the existing ecological
methods, a development for a sustainable landscape and facilities planning and
applying Biophilic concepts and exploring the multiple potential roles and principles as a
design and planning tools. This will represent a significant contribution to the increase of
the acceptance and the use for the ecological knowledge. Eco Tourism Park are a large
connected landscapes with natural built environment conservation and protection. They
are also a type of park that uses its natural built environment to reduce watering
maintenance that enhances wildlife and also human values. Not only to preserve and
become a tourist destination, but also restore the nature conservation in a large scale
transformation with the natural landscape. These strategies can be an essential tool in
addressing spatial dimension for sustainability in a quantitatively rigorous manner.
The proper use of landscape strategies and the concept applied can contribute in
the functionality and the goal to become a tourist destination for the Municipality of
Solana. It is discuss in the research the nature and types of Eco tourism to be develop,
it also focuses on how to integrate the Biophilic approach within the site landscape and
facilities to be planned and designed. It also aims to conclude with highlighting the
importance of preservation and development of the Eco tourism park in the municipality
of Solana.

Keywords: Eco tourism, Eco Tourism Park, Biophilic concept, landscape, natural built
environment
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A. INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
The species of humans have been travelling around the world, far and wide in the globe since
the dawn of time. The Initial travel provocation of humans are for the Basic needs for supplies
like water, food and the security or the accretion of resources. These actions emerged as
travelling for exploration, pleasure and adventure became a trend in the society. As roads and
the pathways have been were improved and governments sustained, interest in travel increased
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for education, sightseeing and religious purposes. Touring or travelling opened up every person’s
horizon and complements its personality, it also helped in defining culture with culture, and
people with people.

Today, tourism is prevalent in the sanctuaries and national parks and this is one of the utmost
reasons why people want and be able to experience and interact with nature. In reaction to this
accumulating reaction with nature and environment experience, because of this a new travel
virtuoso has emerge nowadays called ecotourism, “It provides opportunities for visitors to
experience powerful manifestations of nature and culture and to learn about the importance of
biodiversity conservation and local cultures” (Moore, 2002). The arisen of Ecotourism has been
within the nature of environment and outdoor tourism. The natural environment esthetic is the
most notable characteristic inherited with any ecotourism destination. Ecotourism is a form of
tourism that is inspired primarily by the natural history and the environment of an area.
According to (Andaraj, 2015) “its evolution took place in Western Society to experience wild
nature. It started in 1872 in the United States with Yellow stone Park, in 1879 in Australia with
the Royal Park and in 1885 with the Banff Park and the Niagara Falls to set aside the natural
areas for protection and recreation in a form of national parks”.

When the destinations and outdoor activities become more multipart, the Philippine tourism
industry was seen to increasingly play a significant role in the country’s economic development.
According to Pajaro, et al. (1997) as cited in (Abat-Parducho, Ecotourism in the Philippines: A
Review of Literature, 2014-2015), taken that “Noted in the Philippines, ecotourism became
popular in 1991, when the Department of Tourism (DOT) prepared the Philippine Tourism
Master Plan (TMP) in collaboration with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and
the World Tourism Organization (WTO)”. In present days, “tourism industry in the Philippines
can be classified into three (3) namely: Ecotourism, Agritourism, and Science tourism, but
ecotourism is the most heavily being promoted. Ecotourism boasts the natural resources of the
country, while agri-tourism showcases farms and agricultural products.” (Abat-Parducho, 2014-
2015).

Eco tourism as explained here, requires an understanding of its sustainability to focus in the
continuing growth and development. According to Hillary Degroff and Mccall Wood (Wood)
(file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/3433065.pdf) “Sustainability is the integration of social, economic
and environmental value. This approach known as Biophilic design lends focus to the
sustainability conservation while enabling us in the design community to adopt a human-
centered approach to design process”. Its relationship with biophilic design blends logically into
a natural landscape, which means that they are perfect for sentient or sensitive sites and also
making it as easy to getting a planning approval in protected natural areas. In regards to
aesthetics, the biophilic design also benefits tourists and visitors’ wellbeing through connecting
them with nature.

The municipality of Solana in Cagayan is endowed with beautiful built environment and
nature destinations like other places in the country. With eco-tourism being one of the famous
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facets in tourism category, the Municipality has much to develop and promotion for its potential
to becoming a tourist destination using the environment and natural environment the place have.
Solana is also known for its Agricultural lands where hectares of planted rice, corn and sugar
cane are there. There are also roads and National highways in Solana like the Cagayan, Apayao
National road and the Enrile road where Sta. Maria and San Pablo Isabela is connected. This
pathways and roads can help with the Proposed Eco tourism Park in which travelers from other
towns and provinces has a path in going to the travel destination here in Solana. These roads can
boost the tourism and also the economy of the municipality that can help the locality and its
community. In order take advantage with the built environment and the natural aesthetics of the
Municipality, it must do more in creating a series of activities to attract eco-tourist and visitors
offering them with the opportunity to interrelate or interact with the nature in such this way as
making it possible to further enhance and conserve the special characteristics and the quality of
the site with regards for the visitors to appreciate and be amused with this qualities. This can also
be an advantage for the financing and in investing to the investors, benefit also the local
community with a promotion of the municipality with regards to the sceneries and the beautiful
built environment and also in creating a job opportunity for the locals.

This study focuses on a regional type of Eco tourism Park in which will help the locality
of Solana in economically and its tourism. It consist of spaces that tourist and visitors can do
recreational activities and activities that can make them experience nature and its natural built
environment with the concept in the proposal. It is also planned to have amenities and facilities
and other spaces that can be accommodated and used as management office building for the Eco
tourism park. The proposed Eco tourism park is a government project of the Municipality of
Solana, which is located in the Barangay of Maddarulug that can serve as an imminent site for a
recreational place for the visitors and tourist for a travel destination. Functional recreational
spaces, amenable spaces and infrastructure that will function as a support in improving tourism
activities, public services, conserve and sustain the built environment and natural resources the
municipality.
Statement of the problem
For the Municipality of Solana, Eco-tourism can be a starting point in conserving the
natural and built environment the municipality have and also produce income for the economy of
Solana. It will become a challenge with identifying what type of recreational spaces, facilities
and amenities that should be built and used in the site in order to attract visitors and tourist, and
also on how or what is its function, it should be done as being applicable to the features found at
the site. The Eco-tourism Park should encourage recreational activities which includes hiking
and trekking with the compliance to the characteristics and the concept of the site. The questions
are essential in order to produce an effective design.
Research questions:
 What can be the benefits of this study and its contribution to the locale and the natural
environment?
 How can the design features or the concept of Biophilic design be applicable in the Eco-
tourism park’s characteristics and spaces with the Municipality of Solana’s locality?
 What design aspect should be used architecturally for the development?

Objectives of the study:

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 To ensure the utilization of the existing built environment by incorporating the Biophilic
concept for the Eco tourism Park.
 To make the Municipality of Solana emerge the paths of conservation and educational
travel that is based on natural attractions through architecturally design a congregated
development of strong spatial relationships that can help enhance the mind of the eco
tourists
 To apply functional and well-designed facilities and amenities that can sustain and make
the place more usable, destinations and recreational activities to become more
multifaceted.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

The main motive of this study is to plan and design the proposed Eco tourism Park
and also its amenities and facilities that will be applied in the said proposal, located at
Maddarulug, Solana, Cagayan. The said Eco tourism park will be used as an instrument and tool
to bring up the tourism status and conservation of natural attractions of its locality, it will
brought out its locale’s name to province of Cagayan and its region. Together with its motive and
its intention to educate and conserve the natural forests and built environment, its focal focus is
in the architectural planning and landscaping of the site and to avoid the cutting of existing plants
and trees, making it part of the planning and design the eco-tourism park design. This will also
apply the planning and designing of the infrastructures that will be built in the site, with the
regards of circulation in the pathway and the trails

The boundary of this proposal is do only the planning, landscaping and designing
the Eco tourism park and its Infrastructures and amenities. This study also focuses with the
conclusive type of amenities needed for the Eco tourism park. This will also include the natural
built environment concepts that will be applied in design and plan of the Eco tourism Park. The
study will use data from the DENR Administrative Order No. 2009-09, which will be the basis in
planning and designing the Infrastructures and the amenities in the Eco tourism park. However,
the study will not cover for the structural, mechanical and electrical analysis of the said project.

Significance of the study

This study will benefit the Municipal Government of Solana in different correlated
aspects. This aspects include the educational travel in with natural attractions and the
architectural design concept of the Eco-tourism Park, the conservation of the natural landscape
with the plants and trees in the area and also giving livelihood to the locality of Solana since it is
a place for tourism and a travel destination. Nearby places especially in the neighboring
municipalities like Tuguegarao, Enrile, Tuao, Rizal and Piat in which the eco-tourism park in
Maddarulug, Solana can attract tourists coming from these nearby municipalities. The Eco-
tourism destination has been implemented on a mountainous and steep slope of Brgy.
Maddarulug in Solana where much likely beautiful sightings of natural attractions of the
environment exist so that tourism in the Municipality can be uplifted with the economic growth
of the locality. This study can introduce an effective eco-tourism destination in the locality where
it will provide a functional planning, natural built environment that can put greater emphasis on
the design of the amenities and buildings in the lot, environmental landscaping and theming.
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Purpose
The Purpose of this study is to design and plan an Eco tourism Park that will make the
municipality of Solana a prime eco-tourism destination through the establishment and
construction of eco-tourism and the other recreational facilities

Assumptions
A well planned Eco tourism Park is achieved through the incorporation of the
biophilic concept in the design and plan of the infrastructures and the amenities in the site. The
natural built environment will be utilized to have a less stressful effect and good natural
ambiance for the tourists, visitors and personnel in the Eco tourism Park. its includes recreational
activities like trekking and hiking in the area and the educational travel that will be imparted to
the tourist in which can enhance their knowledge with the conservation of natural resources in
the Eco-tourism site. The pathways and roads in the area will have a plantscaping design.

DATA COLLECTION

Research

DATA ANALYSIS

Interpretation

ARCHITECTURAL
CONCEPTUALIZATION

Environmental Natural Patterns and

Features Processes
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Light and Space Patterns and forms

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PROPOSED ECO-TOURISM PARK IN
MADDARULUG SOLANA, CAGAYAN
1.) What activities do you usually do in an Eco tourism Park?
- The people that answered the survey indicates that the most prominent activities that can
be implemented in the Eco tourism Park for them is the Sight seeing views (91.2%) and
also activities like trekking and hiking in the trails (83.9%). The remaining activities that
also have high percentages, Picnic activity (61.3%) and Camping trip activity (54.5%) are
some of the common and good suggestions of recreational activities in the Eco toursim
Park that can help with the activity flow in the site. (percentages in the educational tour
and hosting events are some of the recommendations of the few people surveyed.)

2.) In general, what do you seek the most when an Eco tourism when an Eco tourism Park exist
here in Solana?
- Many of the surveyed people preffered to increase their knowledge in the Eco tourism
park (75.6%) but as the bar graph shows all the given choices have a close different
percentages. This shows that people seek different experiences during vacations and trips
in an Eco tourism Park.
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3.) Would you take the transportation in going to the terrain portion of Eco tourism Park
with a nature like pathway.
- This Pie chart shows that mostly of the surveyed people wants to experience taking a
walk going through the site which is far from the road right of way. Few of them
wants to go in the site with a transportation which is understandable since it is very
far and need to take for a long walk.

4.) What type of ventilation in the infrastractures in the Eco tourism Park do you prefer?
- Since it shows that natural ventilated facility has the highest percentage (96.9%) than
the artificial ventilated facility (3.1%), the plan and the design of the Eco tourism
Park facilities should be planned with regards the natural flow of the wind or air and
the usage of the artificial ventilation should be minimalized.
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5.) What facilities and amenities would you want to have in the Eco tourism Park?
- The Bar graph shows that facilities and amenities in the choices that can be can be
used more by the visitors mostly are the cottages and huts, zipline, viewing decks,
biking tracks, religious landmarks (required by the Local Government Unit of Solana,
Cagayan),and souvenir shops. Other low percentage choices like the information
center and the restaurant should have a plan and design that can make the visitors
have a desire on going in that particular facility or amenities.

6.) What plant suits for their plantscaping design for the Eco tourism Park?
- Many of the surveyed people seems to like mostly flowering plants (76.9%) as a
plantscaping element and design incorporation for the pathways and trails. On the
other hand, many also likes small trees (46.2%) and few likes bushes (8.6 %). This
shows that flowering plants to many can create a naturalistic factor to the pathways
and trails and this can incorporated a lot in the landscape of the Eco tourism Park.
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7.) Do you think taking a hike or a walk in an green Environment or with nature can
enlighten you and give a positive impact on your mood?
- Positively, many had answered Yes (82.9%) in the survey. This shows that many
people can be in a good ambiance and comfortability can be enhanced if the built
environment is natural. This can be used to support that the concept for the Eco
tourism Park is ideal for both the site development landscapes and the amenities and
facilities.

8.) What recreational areas would you want to have in the Eco tourism Park?
- The Bar graphs shows that many of the surveyed people mostly wants to hang out in
the garden sanctuary (89.9%) and the landscapes in the site (88.8%). Although the
percentages of the other choices is also high. These other recreational area can be
designed and planned accordingly for the visitors to create a desire for them to go in
these recreational areas mentioned.
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9.) To what degree do consider yourself to behave in an environmentally conscious way?

- Most of the surveyed people answered excellent (82.9%) and only few answered
good (5.2%) and poor (11.9%). This can be indicated that many of them still want to
be comfortable and in ambiance with the natural environment and has an effect on
them mentally.

10.) How much do you find Solana becoming a tourist destination with a natural
ambiance?
- Most of them answered positively in which excellent (52%) and good (47.5%). This
shows that the municipality of Solana has a chance on becoming one of the best
tourist destination not only in the province but also in the Philippines and with a well
designed and planned Eco tourism Park. The municipality’s economy will rise
gradually in the coming years.
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Definition of terms
 Biophilic Concept- is an approach in architecture in which an infrastructure has
connected with the built environment or the nature itself architecturally.
 Built Environment- the existing natural environment of a certain place in which created
naturally by the environment and the climate itself.
 Conservation- the non-use of a natural resource in a waste; protecting and maintaining a
certain habitat or a resource.
 Eco tourism- a form or kind of tourism that involves in visiting in a exotic and natural
built environment of a certain place and can also be intended to small scale.
 Eco tourism Park- a type of park and travel destination in which it involves natural built
environment of a place that is used for doing recreational activities and sightseeing views
that involves with the natural environment.
 Flora- it involves to all the existing vegetation (plants, trees, etc.) in the Eco tourism
Park.
 Fauna- it involves to all the existing animals like insects, birds, etc. in the Eco tourism
Park.
 Informal recreational spaces- they are usually open spaces that can provide amusement in
passive recreational activities. The types and kinds are botanical gardens, parklands,
playgrounds and linear open spaces.
(myThem.es., 2015) https://www.communitycouncil.org/recreational-spaces-in-urban- councils/
 Natural Environment- the existing living and also the nonliving that are natural on earth.
 Park- a natural space in a place for people to set aside for the function of enjoyment and
amusement. Recreational activities are also included in a park.
 Recreational activity- activity that people do for enjoyment and amusement; a physically
captivating activity for fun and also mind and body enhancement activities.
 Sustainable Development- a certain development goal in which you are sustaining or
maintaining the appearance of an ecosystem in a site in which you can also develop and
enhance its appearance and design.
 Tourism- one of the largest industries in terms of traveling to a pristine destination in
which you travel for the amusement and pleasure and also in business; spending your
time far away from your usual place.
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 Vegetation- existing plants and trees in an area soil in which can be mass in numbers.

Review of Related Literature

Local Study

 The Lower Magat Eco-Tourism Park

The Lower Magat dam In Diadi, Nueva Vizcaya which is situated within the 24, 000
hectares (in which has a total land area of 1,000 ha.) area of the Lower Magat Forest Reserve in
which has been providing watershed protection support to the Magat Dam. The amenities and
recreational areas in the site consists of cottages/picnic huts, camp site, boating and eco-trails.
This activities is making the visitors experience and being closer to the environment and nature.
Inside the eco-tourism park are amenities like native/kubo-type huts, Isinay-inspired huts, a
lagoon with fish cages, coconut plantations, campsite, swimming pool, dormitories, a log cabin,
wishing well, and 5km eco-trail, farm animal and Zoo Park and a butterfly garden. A perfect
getaway for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. According to Dr. Benjamin Daquioag in 2015,
the park’s project manager he said in a statement that they are encouraging other sectors to plant
trees inside the park as their contribution in preserving it for future generations
The Lower Magat Eco tourism park have the following facilities and amenities such as souvenir
stalls, parking area, log cabin, dormitories, pavilion, native cottages, picnic huts, swimming pool,
boat riding, fishing pond, animal zone, eco walk trails, firing range, horseback riding, bicycle
riding, coffee shop, water cascading restaurant, camping areas and the soon to be constructed
hotel.
Summary of Related literature
In Lower Magat Dam, the adaptation of the watershed protection support since its nearness with
the Cagayan River can be a benefit with the water distribution the Eco tourism Park, and the
recreational activities in the Lower Magat dam and its structure can be adapted in its
functionality and use in the Eco tourism Park. It also involves its use of the other surrounding
water distribution system available like the spring, since in the proposal there is an existing
spring near the site it canbe used as a water supply or source for water distribution of the Eco
tourism park in Solana.
https://nuevavizcaya.gov.ph/nueva-vizcaya-tourism/points-of-interest/lower-magat-eco-tourism-
park/
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 Cogon Eco Park

Cogon Eco Park which is located in the barangay of Cogon in the beautiful City of
Dipolog, Zamboanga Del Norte. It started as a reforestation project in 1952, covering 344
hectares of land and forest. The beautiful nature of this eco park is very popular tourist’s
destination. This is a good location for visitors who want thrilling outdoor activities such as
camping, trekking and mountain climbing.
As a vast forest, Cogon Eco Park has various kinds of trees. The most popular species of
trees are Acacia, Mahogany and Narra. Of course, you shouldn't miss the Cogon trees – it's the
park's namesake after all! For tree huggers, you will surely enjoy pointing at different trees and
guessing their names, some of which are Duguan, Tianong, Lumbayao, Yemane, Narig, Yemane,
Nato, Lauan and Teak. (Decio, May 30, 2012)
The Administration office supervise the entrance of tourists to Cogon Eco Park. The
building features a stunning pond and garden. Before entering the park, you can see its mini zoo
composed of exotic species like snakes, hawks, boars, eagles, doves, peacocks, monitors lizards
and exotic birds endemic to the area.
The design and landscaping feels closer to the environment. Trekking along the forest trails can
refreshing and rejuvenating because of the biophilic concept of the Eco Park. The historical and
cultural village of Subanen has its replica inside Cogon Eco Park. Presently, the addition of
picnic cottages, Subanen Valley and the special information center is already laid out to attract
more tourists and guests who would like to visit the park. Until now, further progress is being
made with the help of tree-planting projects and cooperation of the local residents.
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Summary of Related literature

In the Cogon Eco Park, the amenities and its function that will be placed for the outdoor
activities and the existing buildings and their concept that has adopted with the trees and plants
in the area in terms of their landscaping designs.

https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Cogon-Eco-Park

Foreign study
 New Town Eco Park 

New Town Eco Park located in New Town, Kolkata, India, currently the largest eco park in
modern time India. Consist of 480 acres (190 hectares) of themed gardens, ecological spaces and
play areas surrounding a man-made lake.Close to the main entrance is the first of the park’s
ecological zones. Walk along paths that take you through wetlands, grasslands and a tropical
forest. If you don’t feel like walking, you can pay a fee to tour the grounds in a golf cart. Nature
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lovers will adore the park’s themed gardens. See hundreds of colorful blooms in the Rose
Garden, wander through the Wild Flower Meadow and savor the sweet aromas of the trees in the
Fruits Garden.

The park’s centerpiece is the 112-acre (45-hectare) artificial lake. Stroll along the coconut tree-
lined promenade that encircles the large body of water or rent a speedboat, kayak, pedal boat or
water cycle. The park has been divided into three broad parts; Ecological zones like wetlands,
grasslands, and urban forest, Theme gardens and open spaces and Urban recreational spaces.
According to the plan, the park will have different areas like wild flower meadows, a bamboo
garden, grasslands, tropical tree garden, bonsai garden, tea garden, Cactus Walk, a heliconia
garden, a butterfly garden, a play area and an Amphitheatre. 

Features of the Park:

- Entrance to the Butterfly Garden.
- Active Zone - Consisting of Visitor center, Restaurants, Food courts, Urban Museum,
Crafts Haat, Seven Wonders
- Theme Area (North) - Consisting of Maidan (open field), Amphitheatre, children's play
area, Chinese garden, formal garden, Bonsai garden, Cactus walk, Butterfly garden,
heliconia garden and mist house and bamboo garden
- Theme Area (South) - Play area, tea plantation, Water garden and utility area
- Lake Zone - A bridge connecting the island, Bengali restaurant, Sculpture court,
Lakefront Promenade, Wildflower meadows
- Three different Eco-zones consisting of wetlands, grasslands, tropical and mixed-moist
deciduous forests.

Summary of Related literature

In the New town Eco Park these three broad parts can be in adaptation; “1) ecological zones like
wetlands, grasslands, and urban forest, 2) theme gardens and open spaces, 3) and urban
recreational spaces”. The Eco Park is categorized into different sub-parts according to the
different types of flora planted, which can be used for space planning and the directions of each
area can have a role for the circulation in the area.
Thematic areas that can be adapted from the new town Eco Park:
 Lake Front Promenade- Promenade is a paved, coconut-tree lined pathway designed for
the visitors to enjoy the 112 Acre water body that defines the Park.
 Tropical Tree Garden- As the name suggests, this zone caters specifically to tropical
trees. Even with the recently planted trees, one can get the aura of a tropical forest,
especially a Bengal one, in the middle of New Town.
 Artist's Cottage-Overlooking the flower lake and breathing fresh air from the rose garden
behind, this cottage is poised to be a dream destination to any poet, singer or painters to
instigate their creative urges.
https://www.revolvy.com/page/New-Town-Eco-Park?cr=1
https://www.expedia.com.ph/New-Town-Eco-Park-New-Town.d553248621532740554.Place-
To-Visit
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 Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park

Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park a Silver-tier International Dark Sky Park, the first such
designation in Asia. The new Dark Sky Park is a remarkable achievement in East Asia, a part
of the world where cultural preferences have resulted in some of the world’s most brightly lit
cities. Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park is a 390-hectare site in Yeongyang County, an
administrative region of North Gyeongsang Province in the most eastern part of South Korea.
Situated in the valley of the Wangpi River, the park is surrounded by mountainous terrain,
making the land difficult to farm. The Park, established within the Wangpi River Basin
Ecological Landscape Protected Zone, has been under legal protections since 2005.

“I believe this designation will create significant momentum for the increasing recognition of
the important of dark skies for many people, both in Korea and in other Asian countries,” said
Dr. Wonkil Jeong (2015), a professor at Daegu Haany University and head of the IDA Daegu
GyeongBuk Chapter who led the effort to secure the Eco Park’s new status. “This will lead to
the protection of other dark areas across East Asia, and it is expected to bring benefits to local
industries such as medical tourism.”
The site is significant for the conservation of fireflies, which are known to benefit from
natural darkness. The Eco Park has developed a management plan for its natural darkness in
support of the local firefly population and visitors come to the site expecting low ambient
light levels. In recent years, South Korean astronomers have taken note of the site and flock
there in increasing numbers to experience dark skies without having to travel far from home.
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The Eco Park has responded with ever-expanding programming themed around dark skies and
astronomy. John Barentine, International Dark Sky Places program manager, explained in
2015, “We now have a model for how to preserve the fragile natural night in an area that is
home to fully one-fifth of the world’s population.”

Summary of Related literature

The Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park has maintained and sustained its built environment even
though it is steep and terrained part of the site. Its use of its fauna in the site helps with the
attraction to the tourist and its remarkable characteristics an eco-park that preserves its
resources naturally.
https://www.darksky.org/south-korean-eco-park-named-first-dark-sky-park-in-asia/
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from file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Thesis%202/An-Introduction-to-Ecotourism-
planning.pdf
myThem.es. (2015). Recreational Spaces In Urban Councils. Our Community link, 1.
Wood, H. D. (n.d.). Biophilic Design: An Alternative Perspective in Sustainable Design in
Senior Living. 1-2.
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CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION OF DATA
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DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Historical Growth of Population

Solana is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Cagayan. The municipality has a
land area of 234.60 square kilometers or 90.58 square miles which constitutes 2.52% of
Cagayan's total area. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 82,502. This
represented 6.88% of the total population of Cagayan province, or 2.39% of the overall
population of the Cagayan Valley region. Based on these figures, the population density is
computed at 352 inhabitants per square kilometer or 911 inhabitants per square mile.

Population density
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PHYSICAL DATA

Geographical location and boundary

The municipality of Solana is one of the twenty-eight (28) municipalities and one (1) city of
Cagayan. It is about eight (8) kilometers from the city proper of tuguegarao city, the provincial
capital and center of cagayan valley region. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of
amulung; on the east by the mighty cagayan river; on the south by the municipality of enrile, on
the southwest by the province of kalinga and on the northwest by the municipalities of piat and
tuao. The municipality lies approximately between 121 degrees 34 minutes 30 seconds and 121
degrees, 43 minutes 10 seconds east longitudes and between 17 degrees 44 minutes 30 seconds
and 17 degrees 45 minutes 20 seconds north latitude.
Area
The municipality covers a total land area of 277.22 square kilometers, which is about 3.079% of
the total land area of the province of 9,002.7 square kilometers.
CLIMATE
Rainfall
The climate of Solana falls under the third type of climate according to CORONAS
classification. Climate is defined to be not very pronounced, According to PAG ASA station
based in Tuguegarao the climate within the area is irrelatively dry from December to April and
wet during the rest of the year. The maximum rain is not very pronounced with the short dry
season lasting from one to three months.
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Based from the Tuguegarao climatologically data for the year 2000, the highest average rainfall
was in the month of September with 332.50 mm water while the lowest average rainfall was in
the month December with 4.80 mm.
Precipitation
The maximum rain is not very pronounced with the short dry season lasting from one to three
months. Based from the Tuguegarao climatology data for the year 2013, the highest average
rainfall was in the month of November with 298.10 mm, while the lowest average rainfall was in
the month February with 27.8 mm.
Temperature
According to PAGASA, the highest mean temperature of Solana is 32.2°C with the highest
temperature prevailing during the month of July. The month of February registered the lowest
mean 28.4°C. Based from the data gathered from the PAGASA the highest temperature prevailed
during the month of May with a reading of 35.3°C while the lowest was in December with
21.6°C. These observations indicate that Solana experiences the hottest weather during the
month of May while the coolest months of the years are usually from December to January.
Increase Temperature
Climate projections of PAGASA reveal that the Municipality will experience an increase in the
average temperature between 0.8°C to 1.0°C by 2020 and up to 2.2°C in 2050. This is
approximately 25.3°C and 26.5°C in 2020 and 2050, respectively. Days are becoming hotter as
observed by many throughout the Municipality. For the past years, there were 2,769 days that
registered a temperature of 35°C and greater. Projections on change in temperature and total
frequency of extreme events are presented in the table below.
According to the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate on the Climate change
(IPCC), impacts of a 1°C in increase in Temperature can include decreased availability of water,
reduced farmer’s productivity, lower cereal productivity in low altitudes, droughts, malnutrition
and including increased morbidity and mortality. Other impacts include storms, floods, increased
coral bleaching, increased risk of wildfire and increased risk of extinction of more than 30% of
species in the world. The figure below shows increasing trends in the average annual temperature
of Solana.
Extreme Events
According to the study recently released by World Wildlife fund entitled “Business Risk
Assessment and the Management of Climate Change Impacts”. The inter-annual variability of
monsoon rainfall in the Philippines is likely to increase. While some parts of country are likely to
be exposed to an upward trend in rainfall, some other parts of the country parts of the country are
likely to experience an intensification of drought associated with an unpredictable rainfall
deficits which makes it increasingly difficult for traditional agriculture and aquaculture to remain
viable. Flooding in low-lying area within the Municipality become more intense as evidenced by
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recorded increase in precipitation rate. Furthermore, mean temperature are also predicted to be
between 0.5°C to 3.7°C warmer by the end of this century.
3. SECTORAL DATA

Commerce and Trade

Next to agriculture, the secondary source of income and livelihood of the residents of the
municipality is commerce and trade. There are two hundred thirteen (213) establishments
engaged in commerce and trade.

The Public Market found in Poblacion 01 is the largest concentration of commerce in the
municipality housing a variety of commercial activities. Thursday and Sundays are the market
days of the municipality. During these days, people from neighboring municipalities of Tuao and
Solana and those from the barangays sell their products in the market, which is structurally
divided into dry section, wet market and vegetable section.

Based on major types of business, the commercial establishments are classified as follows:

a. Wholesale Trade – Engaged in this business category are six (6) establishments engaged in
palay-buying. Three (3) are located in Poblacion 01 while the remaining three (3) are in
Poblacion 02.

b. Retail Trade – Resale or sale without transformation of new and used good title general public
comprises the majority of commercial activities within the municipality. A total of one hundred
thirty-seven (137) establishments belong to this category. The number includes one hundred
ten (110) neighborhood sari-sari stores sporadically distributed among the 18 barangays, two
(2) general merchandise, two (2) hardware, two (2) grocery, four (4) rice retailers, four (4) dry
goods, seven (7) religious article outlets and one gasoline service includes eleven (11)
restaurants all located within the Poblacion.

c. Services – Included in this business category two (2) billiard halls, catering to the recreational
needs of the residents of Piat. Personal services include eleven (11) restaurants all located
within the Poblacion.

B. CASE STUDIES
a. Scope and delimitation
The case studies to be discussed will mainly focus on the adaptation in the Biophilic
design and the watershed distribution system. The studies are limited to the design and
considerations of the Eco tourism park.
b. Case studies
Natural Ventilation in Buildings Architectural concepts, consequences and possibilities
By Tommy Kleiven
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d617/ec6ab0bf7efbd3d8ff5729c7d61b41c289a8.pdf
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Natural ventilation in buildings relies on wind and thermal buoyancy as driving forces.
Humankind has used these driving forces throughout history to create the desired thermal
environment and to transport away undesired contaminants. The technique we take advantage of
to control and adjust our indoor climate has grown ever more sophisticated. These technologies
have developed into systems of great complexity with an increasing number of components, need
for space, and use of energy.
We use three essential aspects of natural ventilation to describe and classify various concepts.
The first aspect is the natural force utilized to drive the ventilation. The driving force can be
wind, buoyancy or a combination of both. The second aspect is the ventilation principle used to
exploit the natural driving forces to ventilate a space. The shape of a building together with the
location of the ventilation openings dictates the natural ventilation’s manner of operation. One
usually differentiates between three different ventilation principles for natural ventilation:
 Single-sided ventilation
 Cross-ventilation
 Stack ventilation
The ventilation principle indicates how the exterior and interior airflows are linked, and
hence how the natural driving forces is utilized to ventilate a building. Furthermore, the
ventilation principle gives an indication on how the air is introduced into the building, and how it
is exhausted out of it. Infiltration through the building envelope can also play a certain role,
depending on the air-tightness of the building envelope. This form of ventilation is, however,
usually both unintended and unwanted.
How We Protect Watersheds
Water supplies, animal habitat, and recreation are all dependent on healthy watersheds.
By: The Nature Conservancy
https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-
stories/how-we-protect-watersheds/

A watershed is an area of land that drains rain water or snow into one location such as a stream,
lake or wetland. These water bodies supply our drinking water, water for agriculture and
manufacturing, offer opportunities for recreation nd provide habitat to numerous plants and
animals. Watersheds sustain life, in more ways than one.  According to the Environmental
Protection Agency, more than $450 billion in foods, fiber, manufactured goods and tourism
depend on clean, healthy watersheds. That is why proper watershed protection is necessary to
you and your community.

Watershed protection is a means of protecting a lake, river, or stream by managing the entire
watershed that drains into it. Clean, healthy watersheds depend on an informed public to make
the right decisions when it comes to the environment and actions made by the community.

Watersheds sustain life, in more ways than one.  According to the Environmental Protection
Agency, more than $450 billion in foods, fiber, manufactured goods and tourism depend on
clean, healthy watersheds. That is why proper watershed protection is necessary to you and your
community.
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Watershed protection is a means of protecting a lake, river, or stream by managing the entire
watershed that drains into it. Clean, healthy watersheds depend on an informed public to make
the right decisions when it comes to the environment and actions made by the community.

Application of louvers

A louver is a ventilation product that allows air to pass through it while

keeping out unwanted elements such as water, dirt, and debris. A number of
fixed or operable blades mounted in a frame can provide this functionality.
The basic considerations for selecting louvers are Louver Free Area, Water
Penetration, and Resistance to Airflow (Pressure Loss). Once these concepts
are understood, they can be used to properly apply a louver.

Louver Free Area

Free area is derived by taking the total open area of a louver (after
subtracting all obstructions - blades and frame) and dividing by the overall
wall opening. This gives a comparison of a louvered opening to an
unobstructed opening. Common louver free areas range from 35% to 60% of
the wall opening (65% to 40% obstructed). A high percentage free area is
beneficial because more air can enter into a smaller wall opening, reducing
the cost of the wall opening and louver.

Obviously some obstruction is required in order to keep undesirable water

out. A fully obstructed opening would allow no water in, while a totally
unobstructed opening would allow water to enter unimpeded. A properly
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designed louver will maximize free area while allowing a minimal amount of
water to enter.
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A. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

a. Assessment of Needs/Identification

This study aims to develop the Proposed Eco-tourism Park that will help the municipality
in its path of the conservation of protected area and also uplift agricultural economic status
of Solana. The following will be assessed:

 The planning and design layout of both the facilities and the landscape of the lot that will
make the building meet its function and usable for the Eco tourist visitors.
 The Site Development Plan for the Eco tourism Park
 Features of the facilities that will have

b. Restatement of the Problem

The Municipality of Solana has natural and green areas that needs to be conserved
in this type of modern era. Tourist attraction areas are less, but the municipality’s economic
growth is growing in terms with their agricultural productivity, trade and industry. Tourist
attraction site are needed for the boost of the economy of the municipality, with its path in terms
of natural based area conservation and the growing boost in the agricultural economy, the Eco
tourism park can be an advantage not only in terms of built environment conservation but also
with the tourism and agricultural economic growth as well.
.

c. Recommendations

To give solution to the identified problems, the following are recommended to be done
and studied:

 Data gathered with regards to the municipality of Solana

 The Design considerations for the Eco tourism Park.
 Spaces and other architectural features usable for the design
 Architectural features of Solana that can be adopted.

B. THE SITE

a. Background
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The site is situated in the south-east part of the Munic[ality of Solana, nearby the rear
part of the Cagayan Electric Cooperative 1 and the entrance of the Proposal is located at the
right side part of the Flavie Motor Trading in Maddarulug, Solana. The Municipality of Solana is
located the south west part of the Province of Cagayan, along which Tuguegarao city location in
the southern part and the Cagayan river and the Buntun bridge on its south east part.
Once a part of Tuguegarao City, Solana was established as a municipality and named after
Governor General Antonio Urbiztondo Marquez dela Solana on August 18, 1851. It is a Second
class municipality in the Province of Cagayan, Philippines. The municipality has a land area of
234.60 square kilometers or 90.58 square miles which constitutes 2.52% of Cagayan's total
area. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 82,502. This represented 6.88% of
the total population of Cagayan province, or 2.39% of the overall population of the Cagayan
Valley region. Solana has vast fertile agricultural lands and can look forward to the near future
as the "Rice Granary of Cagayan."

b. Site selection and criteria

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION STATUS

LANDUSE AND Must be certified by the Local Certified as an Eco tourism

Government Unit of Solana, the area
ZONING
Department of Environmental and
Natural Resources as a Eco
tourism area.

STRUCTURE AND Presence of support facilities The main entrance has an

ongoing road construction
INFRASTRUCTURE
and Electrical posts are
being developed to build in
the area. .
SOLID WASTE Good solid waste management of Solid waste disposal- usual
waste disposal either
the locality
MANAGEMENT through service or compost
pit.

ROAD NETWORK Accessibility of transportation to Light Vehicles can pass

through the existing
major and minor roads
pathways but quite steep for
large vehicles.
Existing roads are still in
development and to be
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concreted.
NEIGHBORHOOD Has nearby residential areas but The site is quite far from
these residential areas and
CHARACTER/ only few
situated to be less noise in
SURROUNDINGS the area.

ECONOMIC ACCESS Must be in a short distance from Economically accessible

through a main road but
public places.
quite far from public places.
(Maddarulug to Lingu
pathway)

UTILITIES Existing power supply, water Existing electrical post in the

area from CAGELCO 1
supply and communication
which is nearby.

TOPOGRAPHY Existing Slope in the area Many Existing slopes in the

area (quite mountaneous
and high cliffs exists)

SOIL FOUNDATION Complying with the facilities in the GOOD

area in demand to be erected Soil has properties which
are suitable for use under
simple but good
management practices or
slight soil limitation if any.

WATER SYSTEM Sources of water supply in the Level 1,2 & 3 Water
area are existing creeks, distribution line near the area
since it is quite near residential
rainwater, water peddlers and areas.
NAWASA water supply exist in
Maddarulug, Solana

c. Site selection and justification

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The site is a high terrain slope with an area of 16.38 square meters (combined both lot 1
and lot 2). The location of the site is at Barangay Maddarulug, Solana near the Enrile and
Solana junction. The site serves as a prominent place for eco tourist and visitors for a tourist
destination since it is in a mountainous part of the municipality and filled with trees and
vegetation which can be in advantage in terms of designing a Eco tourism park. The site is
approximately 6.15 kilometers from the main city of Cagayan, Tuguegarao city.

SITE- The site is a high terrain and sloped area and quite far from the national highway. The
national road going to the Centro, Solana and other neighboring municipalities like Tuao and
Piat, it is also adjacent to the Buntun Bridge and the city of Tuguegarao. It has nearby
commercial stalls and residential areas on its eastern proportion.

d. Site Analysis
Microclimatic Analysis
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e. SWOT Analysis

SWOT ANALYSIS
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STRENGTHS  Strategic location-The Eco Tourism Park is located at the

mountainous and high slope percentage lot in Maddarulug
which can be used for hiking and pathway.
 Has fences in the area to avoid intruders
 The site has existing trees and other types of vegetation
 Existing spring and creek coming from the Lingu creek
 Existing electrical post and energy distribution nearby the area

WEAKNESSES  Parking problem since flat areas are less relevant.

(The municipality has allowed to design a parking lot nearby or
outside the lot since nearby lots in the area is LGU property
since the proposed lot has less flat areas).
 No existing pathway inside the lot.
 High percentage of high terrain grounds situated in the lot.

OPPORTUNITIES  Existing trees in the area should be sustained and protected

and conserved, can also be used in the landscape design of
the lot.
 Existing electrical post nearby in the area can be used for
energy distribution in the site.
 Existing Lingu creek connection in the northwest part of the site
which can be used for water supply system in the area.
 The entrance pathway in the area is being developed into a
concrete pathway that can be used for light and medium weight
vehicle.

THREATS  The area is muddy during rainy season and can be prone to
landslide in the high terrain areas of the lot.
 Pathway is quite high terrain and can be dangerous for heavy
vehicles to pass through.
 Since no existing pathway inside the lot, it is quite dangerous to
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pass since it is mostly high terrain grounds.

Photo Locator Map

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1.) The new entrance pathway through the site is being cemented into concrete. It is
located in Maddarulug entering curvature road near a “scrap” metal junkshop. The
pathway is still in development and to be concreted.

2.) The pathway entering to the proposed eco-tourism park, from the distance we can see
that the pathway trail is being sloped terrain from under the Solana sign structure. Many
electrical posts are in this part of the area.
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3.) The pathway coming into the site where vegetation and tall trees exist and agricultural
plants are being planted. This part is becoming high terrain and quite steep trail.

4.) A infrastructure with a gate is situated near the area coming from the Propose eco-
tourism park lot. This area consists of few residential areas with light vehicles like
motorcycles as their type of transportation in this area.
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5.) High terrain part of the trail going to the site. This part is good for viewing other lower
part areas in Maddarulug. This terrain part is near the site and the temporary gate of the
site.

6.) This part of the Lot no. 2 is the south part in which less vegetation exist and cool wind
blows in this area. This area is also a high terrained part of lot no. 2 and flat terrain are
less.
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7.) This part of the area from lot no. 2 is also high terrain area and tall grasses and trees is
situated in this part of the lot. This part is steep and fence are also placed in here to
mark the line of the lot.

8.) Drone photo of the lot no. 1 which is the center part of the lot. The middle part of the lot
is where the existing tall trees exist. Most of the areas are high terrain part and also tall
grasees and plants exist this part of the lot.
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9.) Drone photo of lot no. 1 where the overall vegetation of the lot spreads. It is also seen in
the photo the highest terrain of the lot no. 1 and how steep its location is. Nearby
residential areas can also be seen the picture.

10.) Drone photo of the North West part of the lot no. 1. The Lingu creek connection
is in this part of the lot no. 1. The two high terrain cliffs are also can be seen.
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11.) An existing creek connection exist coming from the Lingu creek where its
pathway is leading into the forested area part of lot no. 1. Nearby residential gather the
water from this creek daily.

f. Baseline studies
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1
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g. Factors Relevant To The Site

a. Physical data
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GEOLOGY ORIENTATION AND TOPOGRAPHY AND WATER

AND SOIL LOCATION LANFORM

Ilagan soil  Maddarulug, Solana Sloped and High Existing nearby

composition terrained ground
creek connecting
to the Lingu creek

CLIMATE MAN-MADE STRUCTURES

Dry and wet POWER SYSTEMS WATER WASTE

seasons DISTRIBUTION DISPOSAL
 CAGELCO 1 electrical
 Level 3- pumping
Posts  Solid waste
stations: pumping
disposal- service
turbine head drive run
or storage
by 6 cylinder diesel
collection like
engine pumping
compost pit
capacity 311 gal/min
 Liquid waste
having water reservoir
disposal- there’s
with tanks capacity
organized sewer
28,000 gals.
disposal in the
road pathway

COMMUNICATION TRANSPORTATION ROAD

NETWORK
 Postal services Light vehicles
 SMART SERVICES (motorcycles) and Paved with

 GLOBE SERVICES medium weight concrete (still

vehicles only( SUV) constructing)
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b. Cultural data

1. Distribution of Travelers in Region 2

Average per day  

1 2 3 4 5 6 total
705.857 1130.42 554.142 881.714 154.714 60.7142
Average
1 9 9 3 3 9  
5% of 35.2928 56.5214 27.7071 44.0857 7.73571 3.03571 174.378571
ave. 6 3 4 1 4 4 4

Transportations

average
345.285
10:00 7
11:00 314
336.285
12:00 7
313.428
13:00 6
335.714
14:00 3
390.142
15:00 9
410.142
16:00 9
499.142
17:00 9
543.428
18:00 6

Source of Data: Department of Tourism Regional Offices and MPDC

C. BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
1. Activity flow diagram
Primary Eco tourist visitors
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Administrative officers

Maintenance and Utility Personnel

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2. Environment behavior study

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CHAPTER 4
PROGRAMMING

Behavioral Analysis
The assumption of the 72.4 percent passenger Vehicles who are going to the Lane 2 of the highway
and 33.6 percent of the Trucks and Buses travelling back and making it to the Cadaanan Road are based
from the Traffic count conducted in the Cadaanan road going to the site. Most of the Passengers vehicles
are many when they pass by and mostly conducted to be Family vehicles. The conduction can be in
advantage on what lane they mostly take specially the eco tourists that plans to go take a break in the Eco
tourism Park. Since they pass on the road in which the proposal cannot be seen it could be an advantage
to have a arch or signage of the proposal for the eco tourists to go since the Lane 2 is the most vehicles
conducted and nearby with the constructed road going to the Eco tourism park in Solana.

Environmental Behavior Diagram for the Eco tourists

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Environmental Behavior Diagram for the Staff and Officers

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Interrelationship Analysis
The spaces are distributed according with their specific function. Public areas like the Restaurant,
Ticketing Booths and Souvenir Shops are Adjacent for better circulation and pathway of each of this
spaces. Spaces like the PAIC Office are placed in a centralized way to make it appear as a Landmark
facility and Office in the Eco Tourism Park since It is the Main Office of the Staffs. The Cottages are
placed in a more high ground for the great viewing of the facilities and the built environment for better
viewing and scenery.
The spaces should be distributed accordingly with their specific functions:
Lot 01
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Camping Area
and Picnic Area

Agroforestry Area
with Viewing
decks and Zip line

Landscape
Butterfly
and Hut
Sanctuary
Areas
and Aviary

Forested Area with

Function Landscape
Hall

Landscape Administration
and Bicycle Office
track

Ticketing
Booth Restaurant

Rentable Souvenir
Overnight stalls
Cottages
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Lot 02

Stations of the Cross

statues and
Landscaping

Souvenir stalls

Landscape with Outdoor And

Church
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Stations of the Cross

statues and
Landscaping

Landscape with
Outdoor Church
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MATRIX

LOT 01

LOT 02

MAIN BUILDINGS AND SPACES MATRIX

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ADMINISTRATION OFFICE

RESTAURANT

Qualitative Analysis
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1. Space programming

SPACE AREA NO. OF COMPU FURNITUR TOTAL AREA

PER USER TED E AND IN SQ.
USER AREA FIXTURES METERS
IN SQ. WITH
M FURNITURES

ADMINISTRATION
OFFICE
Waiting area 0.90 4-6 5.40 Seats 20.00
person (.65x.75)
Information desk area 2.70 2-3 8.10 Desk 12
person (1.20x .60)
Seats
(.60x.75)
Exhibition Area 0.90 N/A 1.00 Cabinet 1
person (1x.5)
Staff Office 2.70 3-5 13.50 Seats 28
person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Managers Office 2.70 1 3.00 Seats 3

person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Records and Documents 0.90 N/A 1.00 Seats 1

area person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Audio Visual Room 2.70 6-7 18.9 Seats 22.50

person (.65x.75)
Table
(1.8x.90)
Utility Room 0.90 N/A N/A N/A 1
person
Kitchenette 2.70 N/A 2.70 N/A 3
person
Utility Staff Room 2.70 1 2.70 N/A 3
person
Female Comfort Room 1.6 per 2-3 4.80 Water closet, 5
person lavatory

Male Comfort Room 1.6 per 2-3 4.80 Water closet, 5

person lavatory
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CLINIC

Reception Area 0.90 3-5 4.50 Seats 10.50

person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Medical Expert’s Office 2.70 1-2 5.4 Seats 10.50

person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Receiving Area & 2.70 3-4 10.8 Bed (.96x 25

Recovery Area person 2.30)
Female Comfort Room 1.6 per 1 2 Water closet, 3
person lavatory
Male Comfort Room 1.6 per 1 2 Water closet, 3
person cubicle,lavat
ory

TICKETING
BOOTH
Waiting Area 1.50 9-12 18 Seats 29
person (.65x.75)

Collection Area 2.70 3 8.10 Seats 10

person (.65x.75)

Staff Locker Room 2.70 3-4 10.8 Seats 16.25

person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Comfort room 1.6 per 1-2 3.20 Water closet, 3.75

person lavatory

RESTAURANT
Dining Area 2.70 4 per 10.8 per Seats 112.50
person table table (.65x.75)
Tables(.90x.9
0)
Counter 1.90 2 3.80 N/A 9
person
Kitchen 2.70 3-4 10.80 Sinks, 12
 66
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
PARK

person counter top,

range and
stove,
dishwashing
cabinet
Staff Locker Room 0.90 3-5 4.5 Seats 9
person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Utility room 0.90 1 1 N/A 1.5

person
Male Comfort Room 1.6 per 2-3 4.80 Water closet, 9
person lavatory,
cubicle
Female Comfort Room 1.6 per 2-3 4.80 Water closet, 9
person lavatory

SOUVENIR
STALLS
Display Area 0.90 2-3 3 Display 9
person Cabinets

Handicrafts Display Area 0.90 2-3 3 N/A 9

person

FUNCTION HALL

Stage 2.70 6-8 21.6 N/A 32

person

Control Room And 3 sq. m. N/a N/a pumps 12

Lighting Room Habitable
room
Male Comfort Room 1.6 per 3-5 5.60 Water closet, 12
person lavatory,
cubicle
Female Comfort Room 1.6 per 3-5 5.60 Water closet, 12
person lavatory

COTTAGES
Porch 0.95 2-3 3 N/A 4.20
 67
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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person
Living area 2.70 2-3 8.10 Sofas 12
person (1.80x.75)
Chairs
(.65x.75)
Kitchen & Dining Area 2.70 2-3 8.10 Seats 12
person (.65x.75)
Table
(.90x.90)
Bedroom 5 1 6.25 10
person
Toilet & Bath 1.6 per 1-2 3.20 Water closet, 5
person lavatory

BICYCLE FOR
RENT FACILITY
Bicycle Displays 0.90 4-5 4.50 N/A 12
person
Office 2.70 1-2 5.50 Seats 5
person (.65x.75)
Desk
(1.20x .60)

Storage Area 0.90 N/A N/A N/A 2.50

person

PUBLIC TOILET
Male Comfort Room 1.6 per 3-5 8 Water closet, 11
person lavatory,
cubicle
Female Comfort Room 1.6 per 3-5 8 Water closet, 11
person lavatory

HUTS 0.90 5-6 5.4 20.25

person

ZIP LINE 0.90 4-6 5.4 54 per storey

person

VIEW DECK 0.90 3-5 4.5 56

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PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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person

D. Quantitative Analysis

Main Building Administration Office

Area of the Administration Office:
= 100 sq. mtr.
100 sq. mtr * 0.5 thickness = 50 cu. m , Volume of the concrete pavement.
Area for the concrete slab of the Admin. Office
= using of class A cement in a 40 kg bag
V = 50 cu. m
Cement needed: 50 * 9 = 450 bags of cement
Sand: 50 * 0.5 = 25 cu. m
Gravel: 50 * 1 = 50 cu. m
Post and footing
= using of class A cement in a 40 kg bag in the 18 post
V= 18 * (0.40 * 0.40) * 2.5m height
= 7.2 cu. m
Footing slab volume
V= 18 * (1 * 1 * 0.20m height)
=3.6 cu. m
=7.2 + 3.6 = 10.8 cu. m
Cement needed: 10.8 * 9 = 97.2 or 98 bags of cement per post
Sand: 10.8 * 0.5 = 5.4 cu. m
Gravel: 10.8 * 1 = 10.8 cu. m
Concrete column area
18 concrete post with sizes of .40 m * .40 m with a height of 3.50
= Length = 18 * 3.50 = 63 m
Cement needed: 63 * 2.16 = 136.08 or 137 bags of cement
Sand: 63 * 0.120 = 7.56 cu. m
Gravel: 63 * 0.240 = 15.12 cu. m
Plastering – class A mortar mixture
Perimeter = 2 (0.40) + 2 (0.40)
= 1.6 m
Area = 1.6 * 3.50 * 18
= 100.8 sq. m
V = 100.8 * 0.012 = 1.2096 or 1.21 cu. m
Class A = 40 kg cement
Cement needed: 1.21 * 18.0 = 21.78 or 22 bags of cement per post
Sand: 1.21* 1.0 = 1.21 cu. m
CHB Installation
Exterior wall CHB 6” dimension: 0.40 cm. x 0.15 cm. x 0.19 cm.
Interior wall CHB 4” dimension: 0.40 cm x 0.10 cm x 0.19 cm
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PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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Total exterior CHB in the concrete part of the Admin Office

= 530 Hollow blocks (CHB 6”)
Stoned wall Hollow blocks
= 665 Hollow blocks (CHB 4”)
Plastering of The cement
A= 77 sq. m
V= 77 sq. m * 0.016 m = 1.232 cu. m
Class B cement
1.232 cu. m * 12.0 = 14.784 or 15 bags
1.232 cu. m * 1.0 = 1.232 cu. m fine sand
Plastering of The cemented stone
A= 93 sq. m
V= 93 sq. m * 0.016 m = 1.488 cu. m
Class B cement
1.488 cu. m * 12.0 = 17.856 or 18 bags
1.488 cu. m * 1.0 = 1.488 cu. m fine sand
Timber exterior wall Area
= 310 sq. m
Timber Interior wall Area
= 75.6 sq. m.
Trusses
= 130 pieces 10 ft. 2x 3 lumber truss support
Beams and girders
Volume of beam = 16 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 2.50 m. = 4 cu. m.
= 2 pc * 0.25 * 0.40 * 1.50 m. = 0.3 cu. m.
= 4 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 2 m. =0.8 cu. m
Volume of girder = 9 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 3 m = 6.48 cu. m.
= 3 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 5 m = 2.16 cu. m
Total Volume = 13.74 cu. m
Cement needed: 13.74 cu. m * 9 = 123.66 or 124 bags of cement
Sand: 13.74 cu. m * 0.50 = 6.87 cu. m
Gravel: 13.74 cu. m * 1 = 13.74 cu. m
Steel Bars Reinforcement
No. of steel bars in Cemented walls
= 60 pcs of 16mm x 6 m. steel reinforcement steel bar
No. of steel bars needed in a post
= 128 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars.
 70
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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= 256 pcs of lateral ties: 52 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars

No. of steel bars needed in a beam and girder
= 264 10 mm x 6 m. reinforcement steel bar.
No. of steel bars needed in a slab
= 278 pcs of 12 mm x 7.5 long bars
Entrance stairs concrete
Total CHB needed = 42 pcs of 0.40 cm. x 0.15 cm. x 0.19 cm
Total area to be needed plastering = 15 sq. mtr
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 100 sq. m. area of building = 120 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Exterior wall Area
Total wall area with timber = 155 sq. m
Total wall area with cemented = 64 sq. m
Interior wall = 75.6 sq. m.
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 5 gallons of wood filler paint
- 5 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 5 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Exterior walls (cemented)
- 3 gallons of Masonry surface paint
- 3 gallons of Acrylic latex paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 3 gallons wood filler paint
- 3 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 3 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 3 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 11 Sliding windows ( 1.50 m x 1.50 m )
- 5 fixed window ( 1.80 m x 0.80 m )
- 1 Sliding window ( 0.50 m x 1.50 m )
- 2 C.R. sliding window ( 0.50 m x 0.80 m )
Door no. & length:
- 3 Office doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
 71
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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- 3 pairs Double Doors (1 door = 0.85 m x 1.20 m)

- 2 Storage Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )
- 2 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )
- 3 Water closet Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )

Restaurant
Area of the Restaurant for Concrete Slab application
= 190 sq. m.
Exterior wall cemented part
=78 * 0.50 thickness = V= 39 cu. m
Cement needed: 39 * 9 = 351 bags of cement
Sand: 39 * 0.5 = 19.5 cu. m
Gravel: 39 * 1 = 39 cu. m
Post and footing
= using of class A cement in a 40 kg bag in the 16 post
V= 16 * (0.35 * 0.40) * 4m height
= 8.96 cu. m
Footing slab volume
V= 16 * (1 * 1 * 0.20m height)
=3.20 cu. m
=8.96 + 3.26 = 12.22 cu. m
Cement needed: 12.22 * 9 = 109.98 or 110 bags of cement per post
Sand: 12.22 * 0.5 = 6.11 cu. m
Gravel: 12.22 * 1 = 12.22 cu. m
Concrete column area
16 concrete post
0.35 * 0.35 * 4 m * 16 = 7.84 cu. m
Cement needed: 7.84 * 9 = 70.56 or 71 bags of cement
Sand: 7.84 * 0.50 = 3.92 cu. m
Gravel: 7.84 * 1 = 7.84 cu. m
10 wooden post
Area = 0.35 * 0.35 * 4 m * 16 = 7.84 sq. m. per post
CHB application
Total CHB application=
48 + 54 + 78 + 54 + 48 + 150 + 150 + 240
= 822 CHB “6 pieces 0.40 cm. x 0.15 cm. x 0.19 cm
Plastering – class A mortar mixture post
Perimeter = 2 (0.35) + 2 (0.35)
= 1.40 m
Area = 1.40 * 4 * 16
= 89.6sq. m
V = 89.6 * 0.012 = 1.08 cu. m
 72
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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Class A 20 mm plastering (20 mm thick)

Cement needed: 0.360 * 86 sq. m = 30.96 of cement per post
Sand: 0.020 m * 86 sq. m = 1.72 cu. m
Timber exterior wall area
= 150 sq. m
Cemented exterior wall area
= 56 sq. m.
Timber Interior wall
= 22 sq. m.
Steel Bars Reinforcement
No. of steel bars in Cemented walls
= 53 pcs of 16mm x 6 m. steel reinforcement steel bar
No. of steel bars needed in a post
= 96 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars
= 192 pcs of lateral ties: 39 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars
= 308 pcs of 12 mm x 7.5 long bars
Trusses
= 572 pieces 10 ft. 2x 3 lumber truss support
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 190 sq. mtr. sq. m. area of building = 195 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Beams and girders (Timber)
Volume of beam = 8 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 3 m. = 2.40 cu. m.
= 4 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 10 m. = 4 cu. m
Volume of girder = 12 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 3 m = 8.64 cu. m
Total Volume = 15.04 cu. m.
Cement needed: 15.04 cu. m * 9 = 136 bags of cement
Sand: 15.04 cu. m * 0.50 = 7.52 cu. m
Gravel: 15.04 cu. m * 1 = 15.04 cu. m
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 5 gallons of wood filler paint
- 5 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 5 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Exterior walls (cemented)
- 3 gallons of Masonry surface paint
- 3 gallons of Acrylic latex paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
 73
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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Interior
- 2 gallons wood filler paint
- 2 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 2 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 5 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer

Windows and doors

Window no. & length:
- 3 sliding window ( 1.50 m x 0.80 m )
- 5 C.R. Sliding window ( 0.50 m x 0.50 m )
Door no. & length:
- 2 Kitchen doors ( 0.90 m x 1.20 m )
- 1 Exit doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
- 1 Storage Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )
- 4 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )
- 5 Water closet Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )

Ticketing Booth
Building Area = 20 sq. m
Waiting Area = 34 .1 sq. m
Total Area = 54.1 sq. m.
Area for Concrete Slab In the Ticketing booth
V= 54.1 sq. m * 0.50 m = 27. 05 cu. m
Cement needed: 27.05 * 9 = 243.45 or 244 bags of cement
Sand: 27.05 * 0.5 = 13.53 cu. m
Gravel: 27.05 * 1 = 27.05 cu. m
Concrete post
0.35 x 0.35 x 4 = 0.49 cu. m
Cement = 0.49 x 9 = 4.41 or 5 bags of Cement
Sand = 0.49 x 0.5 = 0.245
Gravel = 0.49 x 1 = 0.49
Timber wall Area = 63 sq. mtr.
Interior wall Area = 15. 2 sq. m
Total CHB needed = 481 CHB 6 “
Plastering – class A mortar mixture post
Perimeter = 2 (0.35) + 2 (0.35)
 74
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
PARK

= 1.40 m
Area = 1.40 * 4 * 16
= 89.6sq. m
V = 89.6 * 0.012 = 1.08 cu. m
Class A 20 mm plastering (20 mm thick)
Cement needed: 0.360 * 86 sq. m = 30.96 of cement per post
Sand: 0.020 m * 86 sq. m = 1.72 cu. m
Plastering in the Cemented platform wall
A= 54.1 sq. m
V= 54.1 sq. m * 0.016 m = 0.8656 cu. m
Class B cement
0.8656 cu. m * 12.0 = 10.39 0r 11 bags
0.8656 cu. m * 1.0 = 0.8656 cu. m fine sand
Trusses
= 44 pieces 10 ft. 2x 3 lumber truss support
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 20 m sq. m. area of building = 28 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Beams and girders (Timber)
Volume of beam = 2 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 1.50 m = 0.30 cu. m.
= 2 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 2.50 m = 0.50cu. m
Volume of girder = 4 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 2.50 m = 2.40 cu. m
Total Volume = 3.20 cu. m
Cement needed: 3.20 cu. m * 9 = 29 bags of cement
Sand: 3.20 cu. m * 0.50 = 1.6 cu. m
Gravel: 3.20 cu. m * 1 = 3.20 cu. m
Steel Bars Reinforcement
No. of steel bars in Cemented walls
= 18 pcs of 16mm x 6 m. steel reinforcement steel bar
No. of steel bars needed in a post
= 72 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars
= 90 pcs of lateral ties: 15 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars

CHB application
Total CHB = 339.125 or 340 CHB 6”
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
 75
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
PARK

- 3 gallons of wood filler paint

- 3 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 3 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Exterior walls (cemented)
- 4 gallons of Masonry surface paint
- 4 gallons of Acrylic latex paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 2 gallons wood filler paint
- 2 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 2 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 2 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 5 Sliding windows ( 0.40 m x 1.00 m )
- 3 fixed window ( 1.80 m x 1.00 m )
Door no. & length:
- 2 Office doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
- 1 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )
- 1 Water closet Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )

Clinic
Area =56 sq. mtrs
Area for Concrete Slab In the Ticketing booth
V= 56 sq. m * 0.50 m = 28 cu. m
Cement needed: 28 * 9 = 252 bags of cement
Sand: 28 * 0.5 = 14 cu. m
Gravel: 28 * 1 = 28 cu. m
Post and footing
= using of class A cement in a 40 kg bag in the 16 post
V= 11 * (0.35 * 0.35) * 3.2 m height
= 4.31 cu. m
Footing slab volume
V= 11 * (1 * 1 * 0.20m height)
= 2.2 cu. m
= 4.31 + 2.2 = 6.51 cu. m
Cement needed: = 6.51 * 9 = 58.61 or 59 bags of cement per post
Sand: = 6.51 * 0.5 = 3.26 cu. m
Gravel: = 6.51 * 1 = 6.51 cu. m
 76
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
PARK

Concrete post
0.35 x 0.35 x 3.2 = 0.392 cu. m
Cement =0.392 x 9 = 3.53 or 4 bags of Cement
Sand = 0.392 x 0.5 = 0.196 cu. m
Gravel = 0.392 x 1 = 0.392 cu. m
Trusses
= 49 pieces 10 ft. 2x 3 lumber truss support
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 56 sq. m. area of building = 60 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Plastering – class A mortar mixture post
Perimeter = 2 (0.35) + 2 (0.35)
= 1.40 m
Area = 1.40 * 4 * 11
= 61.6 sq. m
V = 61.6 * 0.012 = 0.74 cu. m
Class A 20 mm plastering (20 mm thick)
Cement needed: 0.360 * 61.6 sq. m = 22.18 or 23 bags of cement
Sand: 0.020 m * 61.6 sq. m = 1.232 cu. m
CHB application
Total CHB = 321.6 or 322 CHB 6”

Plastering in the Cemented wall

A= 56 sq. m
V= 56 sq. m * 0.016 m = 0.896 cu. m
Class B cement
0.896 cu. m * 12.0 = 10.75 0r 11 bags
0.896 cu. m * 1.0 = 0.896 cu. m fine sand
Beams and girders (Timber)
Volume of beam = 3 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 5 m = 1.5 cu. m.
= 2 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 4 m = 0.8 cu. m
Volume of girder = 4 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 2 m = 1.92 cu. m
Total Volume = 4.22 cu. m
Cement needed: = 4.22 * 9 = 38 bags of cement per post
Sand: = 4.22 * 0.5 = 2.11 cu. m
Gravel: = 4.22 * 1 = = 4.22 cu. m
Steel Bars Reinforcement
 77
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
PARK

No. of steel bars needed in a post

= 88 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars
= 160 pcs of lateral ties: 33 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 5 gallons of wood filler paint
- 5 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 5 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Exterior walls (cemented)
- 3 gallons of Masonry surface paint
- 3 gallons of Acrylic latex paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 2 gallons wood filler paint
- 2 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 2 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 5 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 7 sliding window ( 1.50 m x 0.80 m )
- 1 Sliding window (0.80 m x 0.80 m )
- 2 C.R. Sliding window ( 0.50 m x 1.00 m )
Door no. & length:
- 1 Entrance doors ( 0.90 m x 1.20 m )
- 1 Office doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
- 2 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )

Souvenir Stalls
Area= 3m * 5m = 15 sq. m per stall
5 stalls = 75 sq. m
Timber column
= 0.30 * .30 * 4.50 =0.41 cu. m
Timber wall area
= 3.75 * 3 = 11.25 sq. m x 11 = 123.75 sq. m
Roofing installation: 75 sqm = 78 sq. m .
 78
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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Bike Rental facility

Area = 4 m * 7 m = 28 sq. m
12 * 4 = 48 sq.m
Timber wall (Exterior and Interior)
= 3 * 4 * 2.80 = 33.6 sq. m
= 2 * 7 * 2.80 = 39.2 sq. m
= 1 * 2 * 2.80 = 5.6 sq. m
Concrete Post cemented
= 0.35 * 0.35 * 2.80 = 0.343 sq. m
Plastering – class A mortar mixture post
Perimeter = 2 (0.35) + 2 (0.35)
= 1.40 m
Area = 1.40 * 2.80 * 9
= 35.98 sq. m
V = 35.98 * 0.012 = 0.432 cu. m
Class A 20 mm plastering (20 mm thick)
Cement needed: 0.360 * 35.98 sq. m = 12.95 or 13 bags of cement
Sand: 0.020 m * 35.98 sq. m = 0.7196 cu. m
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 28 sq. m. area of building = 30 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 1 gallons of wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 1 gallons wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 1 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 1 Sliding window (0.50 m x 0.50 m )
Door no. & length:
 79
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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- 1 Entrance doors ( 0.90 m x 1.20 m )

- 1 Office doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
- 1 Sto. Doors (0.80 m x 2.10 m )

Cottages
Area of the structure = 7 * 7 = 49 sq. m
Area of the porch = 4.5 * 1.5 = 6.75 sq. m
Total Area= 55.75 sq. m
Floor line thickness = 0.25
Bamboo Column
= 12 columns * 0.30 * 0.30 * 3.50 = 3.78 cu.m
Bamboo wall total Area
= 113. 4 sq. m
Roof installation
Bamboo Roofing
= 55.75 sq. m. area of building = 58 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Bamboo Railings = 17 pieces of bamboo railings for porch
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 1 gallons of wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 1 gallons wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 2 Sliding windows ( 0.50 m x 1.00 m )
- 4 fixed window ( 1.50 m x 1.00 m )
- 2 C.R. sliding window ( 0.40 m x 0.40 m )
Door no. & length:
- 1 Entrance doors ( 0.85 m x 1.20 m )
- 2 Bedroom Doors (0.85 m x 1.20 m)
- 1 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )
 80
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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Public Comfort Room

Floor Area
= 42 sq. m
Bamboo Column
= 12 columns * 0.30 * 0.30 * 3.50 = 3.78 cu.m
Bamboo wall Area
= 87 sq. m
Door no. & length:
- 2 C.R. Doors (0.85 m x 2.00 m )
- 7 Water closet Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )

Function Hall
Floor Slab Area
= 198 sq. m
V= 198 sq. m * 0.30 m = 59.4 cu. m
Cement needed: 59.4 * 9 = 534.6 or 535 bags of cement
Sand: 59.4 * 0.5 = 29.7 cu. m
Gravel: 59.4 * 1 = 59.4 cu. m
Post and footing
= using of class A cement in a 40 kg bag in the 16 post
V= 20 * (0.35 * 0.35) * 3.5 m height
= 8.58 cu. m
Footing slab volume
V= 20 * (1 * 1 * 0.20m height)
= 4 cu. m
= 4 + 8.58 = 12.58 cu. m
Cement needed: = 12.58 * 9 = 113.22 or 114 bags of cement per post
Sand: = 12.58 * 0.5 = 6.29 cu. m
Gravel: = 12.58 * 1 = 12.58 cu. m
Plastering – class A mortar mixture post
Perimeter = 2 (0.35) + 2 (0.35)
= 1.40 m
Area = 1.40 * 3 * 20
= 84 sq. m
V = 84 * 0.012 = 1.008 cu. m
Class A 20 mm plastering (20 mm thick)
Cement needed: 0.360 * 84 sq. m = 30.24 or 31 bags of cement
Sand: 0.020 m * 84 sq. m = 1.68 cu. m
Concrete post
 81
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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0.35 x 0.35 x 3.2 = 0.392 cu. m

Cement =0.392 x 9 = 3.53 or 4 bags of Cement
Sand = 0.392 x 0.5 = 0.196 cu. m
Gravel = 0.392 x 1 = 0.392 cu. m
Timber wall Area
= 57 sq. m
CHB application
Total CHB = 269.12 or 270 CHB 6”
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 198 sq. m. area of building = 210 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Beams and girders (Timber)
Volume of beam = 5 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 3 m = 1.5 cu. m.
= 2 pcs * 0.25 * 0.40 * 2 m = 0.4 cu. m
Volume of girder = 6 pcs * 0.40 * 0.60 * 4 m = 5.76 cu. m
Total Volume = 7.66 cu. m
Cement needed: = 7.66 cu. m * 9 = 69 bags of cement per post
Sand: = 7.66 cu. m * 0.5 = 3.83 cu. m
Gravel: = 7.66 cu. m * 1 = = 7.66 cu. m

Trusses
= 58 pieces 10 ft. 2x 3 lumber truss support
Steel Bars Reinforcement
No. of steel bars needed in a post
= 160 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars
= 320 pcs of lateral ties: 65 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 4 gallons of wood filler paint
- 4 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 4 gallons of wood stain paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Interior
- 2 gallons wood filler paint
- 2 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 2 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 5 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
 82
PROPOSED ECO TOURISM
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- 32 quarts neutralizer
Windows and doors
Window no. & length:
- 3 fixed window ( 1.50 m x 1.00 m )
Door no. & length:
- 2 C.R. Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )
- 7 Water closet Doors (0.80 m x 2.00 m )
- 1 Utility Door (0.80 m x 2.00 m )
- 1 Mechanical room Door (0.85 m x 2.10 m )

Zip line
Floor Area = 72 sq. m
72 sq. m * 3 = 216 sq. m
Slab
Concrete post
0.45 x 0.45 x 9 = 1.82 cu. m
Cement =0.392 x 9 = 3.53 or 4 bags of Cement
Sand = 0.392 x 0.5 = 0.196 cu. m
Gravel = 0.392 x 1 = 0.392 cu. m
Timber wall Area
= 57 sq. m
Steel Bars Reinforcement
No. of steel bars needed in a post
= 384 pcs of 20 mm x 6 m long reinforcement bars
= 768 pcs of lateral ties: 156 pcs. Of 10 mm x 9 m long steel bars
No. of steel bars needed in a slab
= 309 pcs of 12 mm x 7.5 long bars
Number of 1.20 x .06 m railings
= 60 handrails
Roof installation
UPVC Roofing Sheet
= 72 sq. m. area of building = 75 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Stair count
= 0.20 * 0.25 = 0.05 cu. m
Manual count = 7 steps and 4 x 1.20 landing platform per floor
Total Stair count = 28 steps
Paint works
Exterior walls (cemented)
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- 4 gallons of Masonry surface paint

- 4 gallons of Acrylic latex paint
- 2 quarts neutralizer
Roof
- 2 gallons of Acrylic Roof shield paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer

View Deck facility

Area = 56 sq. m
Wooden columns = 0.30 x 0.30 = 0.09 sq. m
0.09 sq. m * 5 m. = 0.45 cu. m, 8 columns
Wooden platform = 56 sq * 0.35 m thickness = 19.6 sq. m
Handrail posts = 50 posts (1.20 x 0.06 m)
Roof installation
Bamboo Roofing Sheet
= 56 sq. m. area of building = 68 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 1 gallons of wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer

Hut
Area = 20.25 sq. m
Wooden post = 0.25 x 0.25 x (3.00 m)
Wooden post no. = 6 posts
Bamboo Roofing Sheet
= 20.25 sq. m. area of building = 32.4 sq. mtr of UPVC Roofing Sheet
Bamboo fence: (3x per side) 4.5 mtr fence bamboo
Bamboo seat: (5x per side) 4.5 mtr fence bamboo
Paint works
Exterior walls (timber)
- 1 gallons of wood filler paint
- 1 gallons of plastic wood dough paint
- 1 gallons of wood stain paint
- 1 quarts neutralizer
Administration Office
Tile Application in the Facilities - Brown glazed ceramic Tile
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0.30 x 0.30 tile = 20 tiles Bike rent Facility

- Laminate wood ceramic tile - Laminate wood ceramic tile
0.30 x 0.30 tile = 38 tiles 0.30 x 0.30 tile = 20 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile - Porcelain wood like tile
0.20 x 0.30 tile = 500 tiles 0.25 x 0.25 tile = 107 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile
0.25 x 0.25 tile = 125 tiles Function Hall
- Porcelain green like tile - Laminate wood ceramic tile
0.20 x 0.20 tile = 42 tiles 0.30 x 0.30 tile = 38 tiles
- Porcelain pearl white like tile - Porcelain wood like tile
0.25 x 0.25 tile = 84 tiles 0.25 x 0.25 tile = 477 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile
Restaurant 0.25 x 0.30 tiles = 160 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile
0.25 x 0.30 tiles = 1734 tiles Public Comfort Room
- Porcelain white like tile
- Laminate wood ceramic tile 0.25 x 0.25 tile = 448 tiles
0.30 x 0.30 tile = 30 tiles - Laminate wood ceramic tile
- Porcelain pearl white like tile 0.30 x 0.30 tile = 14 tiles
0.25 x 0.25 tile = 750 tiles
Cottage
- Bamboo like tile
Ticket Booth 0.25 x 0.30 tiles = 280 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile - Bamboo like tile
0.25 x 0.30 tiles = 217 tiles 0.25 x 0.30 tile = 267 tiles
- Brown glazed ceramic Tile - Porcelain white like tile
0.30 x 0.30 tile = 32 tiles 0.25 x 0.25 tile = 80 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile
0.25 x 0.25 tile = 60 tiles
Zip line
- Laminate wood tile
Clinic 0.30 x 0.30 tile = 216 tiles
- Porcelain wood like tile
0.25 x 0.30 tiles = 667 tiles View Deck
- Porcelain wood like tile - Bamboo like tile
0.25 x 0.25 tile = 150 tiles 0.25 x 0.40 tiles = 560 tiles
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Outlet Electrical
Lighting and outlet installation  3 Outlets
Administration Office
 Office lights - 8 lights Public Comfort Room
 Lounge lights – 10 lights  C.R. lights – 6 lights
 Audio Visual lights – 5 lights
 Comfort rooms light – 4 lights
Function Hall
Outlet Electrical
 facility lights – 16 lights
 10 Outlets
Outlet Electrical
Restaurant
 5 Outlets
 Dining area lights – 11 lights
 Kitchen and serving area lights – 5
lights Water line and plumbing line
 Staff room lights – 3 Administration Office
 Comfort Room and Stor. lights – 12
 Faucet - 3
lights
 Sink - 1
Outlet Electrical  Water closet – 3
 10 Outlets  Lavatory – 2
Ticketing Booth  Drains - 4
Restaurant
 Ticket building lights – 7 lights
Outlet Electrical  Faucet – 8
 Sink - 2
 6 Outlets  Water closet – 5
Clinic  Cubicle – 2
 Clinic building lights – 10 lights  Lavatory – 2
 Drains - 4
Outlet Electrical
Ticketing Booth
 5 Outlets
 Faucet - 1
Stall  Water closet – 1
 Stall lights ( per stall ) - 2 lights  Lavatory – 1
 Drains - 1
Outlet Electrical
 2 Outlets

Clinic
Bike Rent facility
 Faucet – 3
 Facility lights – 5 lights  Sink - 1
Outlet Electrical  Water closet - 2
 3 Outlets  Lavatory – 2
 Drains - 2
Cottages
Cottages
 Faucet – 2
 Cottage lights – 8 lights
 Sink - 1
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 Water closet – 1 Function Hall

 Lavatory – 1  Faucet – 2
 Drains - 2  Water closet – 7
Public Comfort Room  Lavatory – 2
 Faucet – 2  Drains - 4
 Water closet – 7
 Cubicle – 3
 Lavatory – 4
 Drains - 4

Prices used: ( https://philconprices.com/ )

Masonry Works
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) 4″ pc          10.00
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) 6″ pc          16.00
Portland Cement, 40 kg. bag        265.95
10 mm. Dia. x 6.0 M. DSB pc.        156.20
Stone Masonry
Cement bag 260.00
Sand cu.m. 1,232.05
Gravel Fill cu.m. 1,207.05
Boulders cu.m. 1,282.05
Weep Holes (PVC) Lm. 228.33
Pipe and Fitting
20mmdia UPVC  pipe pcs          85.00
20mmdia RSC conduit pcs        216.00
20mmdia RSC coupling pcs          20.00
Miscellaneous and Consumables
Solvent cement 100cc pcs.        240.00
G.I. Wire No. 12 kls.          70.00
Concrete nail no.3 kls.        120.00
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Wires
8.0mm2 THHN m          43.33
5.5mm2 THHN m          36.59
3.5mm2 THHN m          25.00
Wiring Devices
1-gang Switch, 10A, 240V set        110.00
2-gang  switch, 10A, 240V set        140.00
Lighting Fixtures
24  Watts light bulb set         285.00
1-18watts Compact flourescent lighting fixtures set         680.00
keyless type,porcelain receptacle
2-36 watts ,220v,Flourescent (box type) set      1,200.00
1 x 18, 230V, Compact Flourescent (Keyless Type Porcelain
Receptacle Outlet) set         680.00
Power Load Center Switch Gear and Panel Board
Main :40AT/50AF,1PCB,240V,18KAIC, BOLT-ON set   12,500.00
Branches
2-15AT/50AF,1PCB,240V,10KAIC,,BOLT-ON PC        315.70
3-20AT/50AF,1PCB,240V,10KAIC,,BOLT-ON PC        315.70

1. Formworks
 2 x 3 x 10′ Coco lumber pc        270.00
 2 x 4 x 10 Coco lumber pc        270.00
 1/2″ x 4′ x 8′ Plywood pc        656.00
 6mm thk. Ordinary Plywood pc        323.00
 1″x2″x8′ Wood pc          75.00
 2″x2″x8′ Wood pc          95.00
 2″x3″x8′ Wood pc          105.00
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 2″x4″x8′ Wood pc          125.00

Reference Septic Tank Estimates (standard)

Septic Tank Materials Summary
Description Unit       QTY Amount (PhP)
Excavation cu.m.        6.00         3,000.00
CHB Wall – (18.9 SQ.M.)
100mm thk CHB pcs    245.70         3,931.20
Cement bags        9.92         2,579.85
Sand cu.m.        0.76         1,171.80
Reinforcing Steel kg      61.24         2,939.33
#16 Tie Wire kg        0.95             61.43
Concrete – (2.38 cu.m.)
Gravel including Bed cu.m.        3.00         5,099.49
Sand cu.m.        1.19         1,841.40
Cement bags      21.62         5,621.62
Reinforcing Bars kg    156.20         7,653.56
Plastering Works – (21.6 SQ.M.)
Cement bags        7.13         1,853.28
Sand cu.m.        0.58            903.96
Waterproofing Works – (21.6 SQ.M.)
Cemenitious Waterproofing gal        0.86            777.60
Formworks – (may be used twice)
Formworks & Scaffolds SQ.M.        6.6         2,000.00
Plumbing Works – Septic Vault Only
Pipes and Fittings lot        1.00         1,250.00
>>> GRAND Total       40,684.50
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Overall Price Estimate of Eco tourism Park

A. SITE PREPARATION on the facilities

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS TOTAL COST

PHP
BUILDING LAYOUT
485,360.00

PHP
EXCAVATION ( in all facilities)
4,318,647.00
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PHP
BACKFILL
2,679,725.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 7,483,732.00

B. SITE DRAINAGE

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

PHP
SITE DRAINAGE
760,420.50

PHP
SEPTIC TANK
813,680.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 1,574,100.00

C. REINFORCED CONCRETE WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION OF WORK TOTAL COST

FORMS AND SCAFFOLDINGS

PHP
 
445,851.00

STEEL BARS AND BEAMS

PHP
  1,150,847.08

WALL TIMBERS

PHP
 
1,301,104.00

WALL BAMBOOS

PHP
161,280.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 3,059,082.00

E. MASONRY WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

PHP
CHB 318,070.00
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PHP
CEMENT 1,026,198.00

PHP
GRAVEL 450,029.00

PHP
SAND 413,303.50

      SUB TOTAL PHP 2,207,600.50

F.PLASTERING on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

CHB AND R.C.(COLUMNS AND

BEAMS) PHP 74,614.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 74,614.00

G. TILE WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

PHP
TILES 878,154.00

PHP
GROUT AND ADHESIVES 184,848.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 1,063,002.00

H.THERMAL PROTECTION on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

PHP
TRUSSES 536,050.00

PHP
ROOFING 720,628.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 1,256,678.00

I.FENESTRATION on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

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PHP
WINDOWS    
1,483.684.00

PHP
DOORS    
423,760.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 1,907,444.00

J. PLUMBING WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

Water closet PHP 966,343.00

PHP
Lavatory 91,250.00

PHP
Faucet 48,500.00

PHP
Tissue holder 45,500.00

PHP
Urinal 371,575.00

PHP
Kitchen sink 365,000.00

PHP
Sanitary lines 332,500.00

PHP
Water lines 237,500.00

PHP
Septic tank 203,422.50

PHP
Water meter 35,200.00

Pump room with cistern and treatment PHP

collected in the Check Dam 250,300.00

PHP
Tank 34,150.00

Downspout and gutter for all the PHP

facilities in the area 744,768.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 3,726,008.00

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K. ELECTRICAL WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

PHP
Main Controls
122,175.00

PHP
Lighting outlets
193,680.00

PHP
Convenience outlets
43,847.00

PHP
35 kva 3 dia. Generator
270,000.00

PHP
Main switch
85,439.00

PHP
Electrical Branches
96,743.00

PHP
Kwh meter with base
191,550.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 1,003,434.00

L. PAINTING WORKS on the facilities

DESCRIPTION TOTAL COST

WALLS PHP 751,732.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 751,732.00

N. AMENITIES AND MISCELLANEOUS ON THE SITE

MATERIAL
DESCRIPTION
UNIT COST TOTAL COST

PAVEMENT and PATHWAY PHP 4,808,700.00

LIFE SIZE STATUES PHP 650,000.00

LANDSCAPING PHP 9,970,065.00

FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS TO 5

YRS. OLD GROWN
(AGROFORESTRY PART) PHP 11,500,000.00
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SMALL PLANTS USED PHP 5.002,890.00

FENCES AND ARCHS USED PHP 4,578,000.00

      SUB TOTAL PHP 36,509,655.00

TOTAL PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST

MATERIAL COST PHP 60,617,081.00

LABOR COST PHP 21,215,978.53

PHP
PER SQUARE METER 13,280.28

TOTAL PROJECT COST PHP 81,833,059.53

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CHAPTER 5
SYNTHESIS
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Design Philisophy

“We Borrow from Nature the Space upon which we Build.”

-Tadao, Ando

Design Goals and Objectives

The following are the goals and objectives that will help with the Proposal of the Eco tourism Park in the
Municipality of Solana.

Goals
 To plan and design an Eco tourism Park in the Municipality of Solana
 To plan and design using the Biophilic concept in the Eco tourism Park
 Incorporating the Characteristics of Solana into the Proposal.
Objectives
 To make the Municipality of Solana emerge the paths of conservation and educational travel that
is based on natural attractions.
 To apply functional and well-designed facilities and amenities that can sustain and make the place
more usable, destinations and recreational activities to become more multifaceted.
 To help boost the economy of the municipality in terms of Eco tourism.

Design Concept
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D. Design parameters
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Batasang Pambansa 344 (B.P. 344)

The law to enhance the mobility of disabled persons and its implementing rules and regulations
1.10 m-1.30m Length of wheelchair

0.60m-0.75m Width of wheelchair

1.50 m Diameter of wheelchair turning spaces

1.10m- 1.30m Above the floor and from room corners

Comfortable reach not less than 40cm

.74 m Comfortable clearance for knee and leg space

under table

1.50 m Preferred corridor for the handicapped

1.70 m x 1.80 m Washrooms and toilets minimum area of water

closets

.80 m Washrooms and toilets maximum height of

lavatories

1.50 m Minimum length landing for wheelchair

1:12 Maximum for slope ramp

.70 m Minimum handrail height for ramp

.90 m Maximum handrail height for ramp

60.m Maximum distance of handicapped parking

from structure served

3.70 m At least dimension for a parking slot for a

handicapped

1 slot/50 parking slot Minimum parking slot requirement for the

handicapped
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RAMPS
 Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped curb, an elevator or other
mechanical device; Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;
 The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;
 The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps whose
gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.; 2.5 A level area not less than 1.80
m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any

 Accessible parking spaces should be located as close as possible to building entrances or to

accessible entrances;
 Whenever and wherever possible, accessible parking spaces should be perpendicular or to an
angle to the road or circulation aisles;
 Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 m.;
 A walkway from accessible spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be provided between the front
ends of parked cars;
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Fire Code of the Philippines (FCP) - P.D. 1185

Mercantile occupancies
Mercantile occupancies shall include all buildings and structures or parts thereof with occupancy as
described in Division 3 of this Chapter.
Mercantile occupancies classified as high hazard in accordance with Division 4 of this Chapter shall meet
the following additional requirements:
1. Exits shall be located not more than twenty-three (23) meters of travel from any point is needed to
reach the nearest exit.
2. From every point there shall be at least two (2) exits accessible by 185 travel in different directions (no
common path of travel).
3. All vertical opening shall be enclosed.
Types of Exits
1. Exits shall be restricted to the following permissible types:
a. Doors;
b. Stairs and Smoke Proof Enclosures;
c. Horizontal exits;
d. Ramps.
2. In existing interior stair or fire escape not complying with Section 10.2.5.4 or Section 10.2.5.10 of this
IRR may be continued in use, subject to the approval of the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having
jurisdiction.
Capacity of Means of Egress
1. The capacity of means of egress shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 of this IRR. 2. In Class A
and Class B mercantile occupancies, street floor exits shall be sufficient for the occupant load of the street
floor plus the required 187 capacity of stairs and ramps discharging through the street floor.
Number of Exits
1. Exits shall comply with the following, except as otherwise permitted by paragraphs (2) through (5)
below:
a. The number of means of egress shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 of this IRR.
b. Not less than two separate exits shall be provided on every storey.
c. Not less than two separate exits shall be accessible from every part of every storey.
Presidential decree no. 856 December 23, 1975
Section 1. The title of this code is “Code on Sanitation of the Philippines.”
Sec. 18. Use of Food-Service Spaces. -
a. Food-service spaces shall not be used as living or sleeping quarters.
b. Clothing or personal effects shall be kept in lockers or in designated places away from food service
spaces.
c. No animal or live fowls shall be allowed in such spaces.
d. Persons not directly connected with food preparation and serving shall not be allowed to stay in food-
serving spaces.
e. Foods in storage or in preparation must not be handled by anyone other than the preparation and
serving staff.

Republic Act No. 1378

Section 1. This Act shall be known as the “Plumbing Law”
a. All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy, or use shall be provided with a supply of pure
and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to the hazards of
backflow or back siphonage.
b. Plumbing fixtures, devices all appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at
pressures adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal
conditions of use.
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c. Plumbing shall be deigned and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
d. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from
explosion through overheating.
e. Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy, or
use on premises abutting on a street, alley, or easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a
connection with the sewer.
f. Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on sewer or with a private sewerage-disposal system
shall have, at least, one water closet and one kitchen-type sink. It is further recommended that a lavatory
and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal
hygiene. All other structures for human occupancy or use on premises abutting on a sewer or with a
private sewage-disposal system shall have adequate sanitary facilities but in no case less than one water
closet and one other fixture for cleansing purposes.
g. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, and shall be free from concealed
fouling surface.
h. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed, and maintained so as to guard against fouling,
deposit of solids, and clogging, and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily
cleaned.
i. The piping of the plumbing system shall be of durable materials, free from defective workmanship and
so designed and constructed as to give satisfactory from service for its reasonable expected life.
j. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-seal trap. k. The
drainage system shall be designed to provide an adequate circulation of air in pipes with no danger of
siphonage, aspiration, or forcing of trap seals under condition of ordinary use.
l. Each terminal shall extend to the outer air and be so installed as to minimize the possibilities of
clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
m. The plumbing system shall be subject to such tests as will effectively disclose all leaks and defects in
the work.
n. No substance will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints, or
interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.
o. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods, and similar
materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device, or appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the building drainage system.
p. No water closets nor urinal shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and
ventilated.
q. If water closet or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a
reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some
accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal.
r. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subjected to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall
be made to prevent its overflow in the building.
s. Plumbing system shall be maintained in a sanitary and serviceable condition.
t. All plumbing fixtures shall be so installed with regard to spacing as to be reasonably accessible for their
intended use.

Basic principles of the plumbing code

All premises intended for human use or habitation shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome
water, neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to backflow or back- siphonage.
 Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume
and pressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noise.
 Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with
proper performance and cleaning.
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 Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers
from explosion through overheating.
 Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall connect its
plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
 Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
 The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling,
deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily
cleaned.

Clean-outs requirements
 at the upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line
 at each run of piping more than 15 meters (50 feet) in total developed length
 at every 15 m (50 ft) of total developed length or a fraction thereof
 additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset angle
exceeding 135°
 Inside the building near the connection between the building drain and the building sewer or
installed outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to grade.

Spacing of Sprinkler Heads:

 At least one fire department connection on each frontage
 A master alarm system valve control for all water supplies other than fire department connections
 Sloping water proof floors with drains or scupper to carry away waste water
 Special fire walls between protected areas

Republic Act no. 7920

An act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the practice, licensing, and
registration of electrical engineers and electricians.
Section 1. Title. – This act shall be known as the “new electrical engineering law.”
1. Consultation, investigation, valuation and management of services requiring electrical engineering
knowledge;
2. Design and preparation of plans, specifications and estimates for electric power systems, power plants,
power distribution systems including power transformers, transmission lines and network protection,
switchgear, building wiring electrical machines, equipment and others;
3. Supervision of erection, installation, testing and commissioning of power plants, substations,
transmission lines, industrial plants and others;
4. Supervision of operation and maintenance of electrical equipment in power plants, industrial plants,
watercrafts, electric locomotives and others;
5. Supervision of the manufacture and repair of electrical equipment including switchboards,
transformers, generators, motors, apparatus and others;
6. Teaching of electrical engineering professional subjects; and
7. Taking charge of the sale and distribution of electrical equipment and systems requiring engineering
calculations or applications of engineering data.

Electrical Regulations
1. General Locational Requirements in Towns, Subdivisions, Human Settlements, Industrial Estates and
the like. Overhead transmission and/or distribution lines/systems including transformers, poles,
towers and the like shall be located and installed following the latest standards of design, construction
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and maintenance but so as not to cause visual pollution and in the interest of public safety,
convenience, good viewing and aesthetics, these may be located along alleys or back streets.

2. Location of Poles and Clearances of Power Lines along Public Roads. All poles erected on public
roads shall be covered by Approved Pole Location (APL) plan from the Municipal Engineer. Poles
and transformer supports shall be located not more than 500mm inside from the road right-of-way or
property line.

3. Primary lines shall have a minimum vertical clearance of 10 m from the crown of the pavement when
crossing the highway and 7.5 m from the top of the shoulder or sidewalk when installed along the
side of the highway or street in a highly-urbanized area.

4. Secondary, neutral and service lines shall have a minimum vertical clearance of 7.5 m from the crown
of the road pavement when crossing the highway and from the top of the shoulder or sidewalk when
installed along the side of the highway or street in highly urbanized area.

5. Clearances of Supporting Structures such as Poles, Towers and others and their guys and braces
measured from the nearest parts of the objects concerned:

a. From the Street Corners, where hydrants are located at street corners, poles and towers shall not be
set so far from the corners as to make necessary the use of flying taps which are inaccessible from the
poles.
b. From Curbs, not less than 150 mm measured from the curb away from the road.
6. Attachments on and Clearances from Buildings
Where buildings exceed 15 m in height, overhead lines shall be arranged where practicable so that a
clear space or zone at least 2 m wide will be left, either adjacent to the building or beginning not over
2.5 m from the building, to facilitate the raising of ladders where necessary for firefighting.

7. Abandoned Lines and/or portions of lines no longer required to provide shall be removed

8. Transformer and transformer vaults shall be readily accessible to qualified personnel for inspection
and maintenance. Vaults shall be located where they can be ventilated to the outside air without
using flues or ducts wherever such an arrangement is practicable.

9. Service entrance conductors extending along the exterior or entering buildings or other structures
shall be installed in rigid steel conduit or asbestos cement conduit or concrete encased plastic conduit
from point of service drop to meter socket and from meter socket to the disconnecting equipment.