International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-8, June 2020

Static Structural Simulation Analysis of Leaf

Spring using Ansys Workbench
Arun Prakash, Devendra Singh, Ajay Kumar Sharma
The spring absorption ability is increased by the number of
Abstract: The leaf springs are different spring styles used for steps. A multiple leaf spring is used for heavy vehicles, while
automotive suspension systems. In addition to the use of energy a single leaf spring is used for light vehicles.
absorption equipment, the ends of the spring can be pointed in a
certain direction as it deflects as a structural function. Not
primarily supporting vertical loads but isolating road-induced
vibration are the principal feature of leaf spring. The present
research aims at studying the safe load of the leaf spring, showing
how easily an easy, safe driving speed is achieved. A standard
TATA-407 light commercial vehicle leaf spring configuration is
chosen. Finite element analysis for safe stresses and pay loads has
been done. Conventional materials and alternative materials in
spring construction used in the present work have been studied.

Keywords : Leaf spring, Geometric modeling, Static analysis, Leaf

spring, Composite material, FEM, ANSYS, Solid work.

I. INTRODUCTION

Two important issues in nowadays are vehicle fuel

efficiency and pollution gas control. The car industry is trying Figure 1: Schematic of Laminated semi-elliptic leaf spring
to produce new vehicles that can provide low-high The coil is attached to the car's axle. On the leaf spring the
performance in order to solve this issue. Fuel saving can be whole car load is mounted. The front end of this spring is
easily increased by reducing the weight of the vehicle. Weight fixed to the frame with a single pin and a chocolate is placed
reduction will mainly be accomplished by better products, in the back end of the spring.
design and manufacturing processes improved. Composite Shackle is the multi-faceted relation of the spring frame
was a very good substitute material for traditional steel by back to the leaf. The wheel rises and the spring is balanced
achieving weight loss with sufficient improvement of when the car feels a reflection on the surface of the ground.
mechanical properties. A spring is an elastic structure that It determines the duration of the spring leg. This
decreases in size if the initial shape is to be put again. The leaf longitudinal transition can not be accepted by the spring if the
spring is the most important spring mechanism in the two ends are set. This adaptation to the length shake on one
automotive suspension system. This absorbs vehicle shakes,
leg is thus a flexible partnership.
shocks and loads and even damping functions by springing
The front eye of the leaf spring is open in any direction,
motion. In the form of potential energy, it consumes
while the rear eye is not open in X. This strange leg is tied to
electricity. The capacity to withstand and store additional
stresses increases the comfort of the suspension system. The the shackle. The spring fluctuates and immediately passes to
most frequently used type of leaf spring in heavy and light the load.
motor vehicles is semi-elliptical. The spring consists of
several steps called leaves, while the spring of a mono leaf is II. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
just one step away. The multi-leaves spring was studied using finite element
techniques, with seven leaves used for heavy industrial
Revised Manuscript Received on June 30, 2020. vehicles. Analysis is performed on the stress distribution and
* Correspondence Author deflection characteristics in ANSYS 14.0 workbench. Each
Arun Prakash*, Mechanical Engineering, Sachdeva Institute of model is dynamically analyzed for four different materials
Technology, Farah, Mathura, India. Email: arunprakash00000@gmail.com
with the same charge conditions.
Devendra Singh, Department of Mechanical, Sachdeva Institute of
Technology (SIT), Farah, Mathura, India. Email: The purpose of this research is to improve the collection of
xyz2@blueeyesintlligence.org leaf spring materials. In Ansys, a static analysis is conducted
Dr. Ajay Kumar Sharma, Department of Mechanical, Institute of in selected dimensions for this spring simulation and ANSYS
Engineering and Technology (IET), Lucknow, India. Email:
xyz3@blueeyesintlligence.org 14.0 for selected architecture parameters. To reach the main
study goal, the obtained findings are compared graphically.
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and i.e. best leaf spring content collection.
Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Retrieval Number: H6281069820/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 201 & Sciences Publication
 Static Structural Simulation Analysis of Leaf Spring using Ansys Workbench

III. REVIEW CRITERIA molybdenum, Chrome vanadium steel, and plain carbon steel.
As shown in Table 1, the properties of the materials used in
This journal uses double-blind review process, which
the present research.
means that both the reviewer (s) and author (s) identities
Table 1: Mechanical Properties of Materials
concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa, throughout the
Chrome
review process. All submitted manuscripts are reviewed by Uni Structur nickel
Chrome Plain
three reviewer one from India and rest two from overseas. Properties vanadiu Carbon
t al steel molybdenu
m steel Steel
There should be proper comments of the reviewers for the m
purpose of acceptance/ rejection. There should be minimum Density
kg/
7850 8440 7861.1 7800
01 to 02 week time window for it. m
Young's 2.00E+1 1.90E+1 2.10E+1
Pa 2.07E+11
Modulus 1 1 1
IV. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Poisson's
0.3 0.325 0.29 0.28
Ratio
The experimental bridge structure Truss has been studied Bulk 1.67E+1 1.51E+1 1.59E+1
using ANSYS, a software product combined with commonly Pa 1.97E+11
Modulus 1 1 1
used engineering simulations, which provides a full group of Shear
Pa
7.69E+1
7.81E+10
7.36E+1 8.20E+1
products covering the entire spectrum of physics, allowing the Modulus 0 0 0
Tensile
use of almost many engineering replicas that are needed by Yield Pa
2.50E+0
4.15E+08
6.20E+0 2.21E+0
the design process. The software package utilizes its tools to 8 8 8
Strength
position a virtual product by a stringent test process, for
example by measuring a beam for a considerable object below VII. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
completely different loading condition. In a fast, safe way and
For modeling and analysis, results are measured and
with a large number of different contact algorithms, the
compared in the latest work leaf spring of heavy-duty
ANSYS can perform advanced engineering analyses, mainly
commercial vehicles. The 3D leaf spring is modelled with
on loading times and non-linear materials. In this research, Ansys 14.0. The following table shows one of the leaf spring
she investigates under static loading conditions under distinct model measurements used for research.
modelling of the Truss bridge structure.
Table 2: Dimensions of leaf spring
V. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH Sr.
Parameter Value
No.
The methodology of solution is chosen once the mathematical
models are ready. A qualitative or quantitative dimension may 1 Camber 80mm
be considered for the mathematical formulation of the 2 Span 120 mm
problem. Mathematical formulations of the question are
3 Thickness 10 mm
tested in qualitative analysis without clear resolution in
qualitative analyses. Quantitative analytical methods, on the 4 width 50 mm
other hand, may be classified as theoretical, physical and 5 Number of leaves 5
computational methods. FEM research is usually performed
in order to load the leaf spring statically.
A. Boundary Conditions
The figure indicates the limits of the leaf spring at the front
and rear ends. The front end is fixed to the frame and can only
be shifted in Z-direction. The rear end is related to the form of
the frame and can be shifted in X-direction and Z-direction
(rotation).

Figure 1: Flow Chart of Methodology

Figure 2: Boundary conditions applied on leaf spring
VI. MATERIAL SELECTION FOR LEAF SPRING
Structural steel is the main material for the leaf spring. This
article has contrasted the result of structural steel, nickel

Retrieval Number: H6281069820/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 202 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-8, June 2020

VIII. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  Leaf spring designed of Plain Carbon Steel:
The deflection occurred in Leaf spring model is optimized
with different materials and compared. Four types of
materials (structural steel, Chrome nickel molybdenum,
Chrome vanadium steel and Plain Carbon Steel) used in leaf
spring designing which is used for heavy vehicle loading.

 Leaf spring designed of Chrome Nickel Molybdenum

Steel:

Figure 6: Total deflection of Plain Carbon Steel

Figure 3: Total deflection of Chrome Nickel

Molybdenum Steel

Figure 7: Stress generated of Plain Carbon Steel

Figure 4: Stress generated of Chrome Nickel

Molybdenum Steel

Figure 8: Strain of Plain Carbon Steel

 Leaf spring designed of Chrome Vanadium Steel:

Figure 5: Strain in Chrome Nickel Molybdenum

Steel

Retrieval Number: H6281069820/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 203 & Sciences Publication
 Static Structural Simulation Analysis of Leaf Spring using Ansys Workbench

Figure 12: Total defection in leaf spring of

Structural Steel
Figure 9: Total deflection of Chrome Vanadium
Steel

Figure 13: Stress generated in leaf spring of

Structural Steel

Figure 10: Stress generated of Chrome Vanadium

Steel

Figure 14: Strain in leaf spring of Structural Steel

Table 3: Deflection on different material

Total Safety
Materials
Deformation Factor
Chrome Vanadium
Figure 11: Strain of Chrome Vanadium Steel 1.409 2.789
Steel
Plain Carbon Steel 1.282 0.991
 Leaf spring designed of Structural Steel Chrome Nickel
1.264 1.872
Molybdenum Steel
Structural Steel 1.331 1.125

Retrieval Number: H6281069820/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 204 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-8, June 2020

Table 4: Equivalent Stress on different material

Equivalent
Materials Strain
Stress
Chrome Vanadium
222.31 1.31E-03
Steel
Plain Carbon Steel 222.56 1.19E-03
Chrome Nickel
221.64 1.17E-03
Molybdenum Steel
Structural Steel 222.08 1.23E-03

Using ANSYS Workbench 14.0, leaf spring is analyzed for

static load for model with four different materials viz.
structural steel, Chrome nickel molybdenum, Chrome
vanadium steel and Plain Carbon Steel. The results obtained
are plotted in graphical and tabular format.

Graph 17: Comparison of stress of leaf spring using

different material

Graph 15: Comparison of deflection of leaf spring using Graph 18: Comparison of strain of leaf spring using
different material different material

IX. CONCLUSION
Ansys results of leaf spring model shows Maximum
deformation of leaf spring found on chrome vanadium steel
material i.e. 1.409 mm. Minimum deformation found on
Chrome Nickel Molybdenum Steel material i.e. 1.264 mm.
So, we can say as per comparison of deformation that Chrome
Nickel Molybdenum Steel material gives satisfactory results
as comparison to others. Factor of safety of Chrome Nickel
Molybdenum Steel material higher than plain carbon and
structural steel material. stress developed in Chrome Nickel
Molybdenum Steel material has lower remain to other
materials. So, Chrome Nickel Molybdenum Steel material
having best optimum results in this study, so it is concluded as
Graph 16: Comparison of safety factor of leaf spring per investigation that Chrome Nickel Molybdenum Steel best
using different material stability in leaf spring design other than to plain carbon steel,
structural steel, Chrome vanadium steel.
• Ansys workbench is used for 3d modeling of leaf spring.
This method is more cost effective less time consuming
then other methods of modeling.

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DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 205 & Sciences Publication
 Static Structural Simulation Analysis of Leaf Spring using Ansys Workbench

• Leaf spring assembly file in IGES file format is exported level. His area of current research includes distillation and thermal
engineering. He has published more than 12 research papers in Journals and
to ANSYS 14.0 for analysis. Conferences of International.
• ANSYS 14.0 is used for meshing and analysis of leaf
spring. This method of analysis is more cost effective, Dr. Ajay Kumar Sharma as an Assistant Professor in
efficient and less time consuming than other methods of Mechanical Department in IET, Lucknow and having 20
years of Academic and Professional experience. He
solution. received Ph.D. from IIT Delhi. He has guided several
• Static analysis of leaf spring for different material students at master and undergraduate level. His area of
combination under similar loading condition has been current research includes Renewable Energy and
Thermal Engineering. He has published more than 21
done for all design cases. research papers in SCI Journals, Scopus and Conferences on International.
• Results for selected parameters are obtained for all
design cases of leaf spring.
• Total deformation, equivalent elastic strain, equivalent
(Von-Mises) stress, strain energy and mass results have
been analyzed for different material combination in
different design cases of leaf spring.

REFERENCES
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AUTHORS PROFILE
Arun Prakash as a student in mechanical department in
SIT, Mathura. .I received B.Tech degree in mechanical
engineering from Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam Technical
University (Formerly U. P. T. U) Lucknow. I am
publishing 1st research paper in Journal and conferences
of international.

Devendra Singh as an assistant Professor in Mechanical

department in SIT, Mathura and having 13 years of
Academic and Professional experience. He received
M.Tech degree in Mechanical Engineering from UPTU
Lucknow and pursuing Ph.D. from AKTU Lucknow. He
has guided several students at master and undergraduate

Retrieval Number: H6281069820/2020©BEIESP Published By:

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.H6281.069820 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Journal Website: www.ijitee.org 206 & Sciences Publication