Engineering Procedure 15 September 2021

SAEP-1144
Magnetic Particle Examination
Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee

Previous Revision: 8 July 2019 Next Revision: 15 September 2026

Contact: Aziz U. Rehman (REHMAU0C) Page 1 of 24
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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

Contents
Summary of Changes.................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................... 6
2 Conflicts and Deviations .......................................................................................... 6
3 References .............................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Saudi Aramco References ................................................................................ 6
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards .......................................................................... 7
4 Personnel ................................................................................................................ 7
5. Safety ...................................................................................................................... 8
6. Equipment and Materials ......................................................................................... 8
6.1 Magnetic Particle Testing Equipment ................................................................ 8
6.2 Magnetic Particle Testing Materials ................................................................... 9
7. Lighting.................................................................................................................... 9
8. Surface Preparation .............................................................................................. 11
9. General Requirements .......................................................................................... 12
10. Interpretation and Acceptance Criteria ............................................................... 13
11. Magnetization ..................................................................................................... 14
12. Demagnetization ................................................................................................ 14
13. Post Examination Cleaning ................................................................................ 15
14. Records .............................................................................................................. 15
Document History ........................................................................................................ 15
Appendix 1 - MT Examination Using Electromagnetic Yoke Techniques .................... 16
Appendix 2 - Magnetic Particle Examination Report Template ................................... 24

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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
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Summary of Changes

Paragraph Number
Change Type
Technical Change(s)
Previous Revision Current Revision (Addition, Modification, Deletion,
New)
(23 July 2016) (15 September 2021)

1.3 1.3 Modification Lump Sum Turnkey (LSTK)

Inspection Technical Support

1.4 1.4 Modification
Division

ISO 17638: 2016

Nondestructive Testing of
3.2 3.2 Addition
Welds – Magnetic Particle
Testing

ASME Sec. V, Article 7, 2021

3.2 3.2 Modification
edition

Visual inspection of the UV

light filter lens is mandatory
prior to switching ON the light.
UV Lights with broken,
5.7 5.7 Modification
cracked or chipped filters shall
be repaired or replaced. Eye
damage may result if unfiltered
UV light is used

6.1.10 Addition Thermometer

7.3 7.3 Modification 1,076 Lx (100 fc)

7.6 7.6 Modification 21.5 Lx (2 fc)

7.7.1 Prior to use

7.7.2 At the completion of the

7.7 7.7 Addition
7.7.7 Whenever power source
is interrupted or changed

7.10 Deletion

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Paragraph Number
Change Type
Technical Change(s)
Previous Revision Current Revision (Addition, Modification, Deletion,
New)
(23 July 2016) (15 September 2021)

Additional precautions should

be exercised during surface
perpetration for magnetic
particle examination to ensure
fine open-to-surface
indications, such as stress
corrosion cracks, are not
masked. In case of pipe
surfaces protected with Coal
Tar Epoxy, the bulk coating
8.4
surface can be removed
Addition
precautionary by either water
Note
jetting or grit blasting.
Subsequently, and in order to
preserve the metallurgical
features, i.e. tiny surface
cracks, chemical cleaning
using paint removers, e.g.
Xylene, Toluene, Methanol
and/or Acetone, shall follow to
remove the remaining layer of
coating residues.

9.9 9.9 Modification 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.)

9.11.1 Each alternating

current electromagnetic yoke
shall have a lifting power of at
least 4.5 kg (10 lb) at the
maximum pole spacing, with
contact similar to what will be
used during examination
9.11
9.11 Addition
9.11.2 Each
9.11.1 & 9.11.2
direct current or permanent
magnetic yoke shall have a
lifting power of at least 18 kg
(40 lb) at the maximum pole
spacing, with contact similar to
what will be used during the
examination

9.12 Deletion

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Paragraph Number
Change Type
Technical Change(s)
Previous Revision Current Revision (Addition, Modification, Deletion,
New)
(23 July 2016) (15 September 2021)

12.5 As per
ASME Sec. V, paragraph T-
763, Hall-Effect probe
gaussmeters used to verify
magnetizing field strength
shall be calibrated at least
12.5 Addition once a year or whenever the
equipment has been subjected
to a major repair, periodic
overhaul, or damage. If
equipment has not been in use
for a year or more, calibration
shall be done prior to first use

Appendix 1 A, Appendix 1 A,
Modification 1,076 lx
Para 6. 2) Para 6. 2)

Appendix 1 B, Appendix 1 B,
Modification 1,076 lx
Para 5. 2) Para 5. 2)

Appendix 1 C, Appendix 1 C,
Modification 21.5 lx
Para 5. 4) Para 5. 4)

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1 Scope

1.1 This Engineering Procedure establishes the minimum requirements and

describes the techniques for magnetic particle (MT) examinations on welds and
components conducted for ferromagnetic materials in accordance with the
requirements of the referenced codes/standards

1.2 This Engineering Procedure applies to Saudi Aramco NDT personnel and to
contract personnel seconded to Saudi Aramco at an operating facility and
in-Kingdom Inspection Contract conducting MT examination at Saudi Aramco
projects.

1.3 This Engineering Procedure does not apply to NDT services providers performing
MT examinations for out-of-kingdom vendors or on LSTK (Lump Sum Turnkey)
projects unless specified in the contract or purchasing documents.

1.4 This Engineering Procedure shall be used to conduct MT examination at Saudi

Aramco operating facilities by Inspection Department and Saudi Aramco facilities
personnel only. NDT services providers performing MT examination on contracts
at operating facilities and/or construction projects shall develop their own MT
examination procedure and submit to Inspection Technical Support Division,
Inspection Department for review and approval. The procedures shall be
developed in compliance with this procedure and applicable international
standards listed under Section 3 of this procedure.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi
Aramco Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD
Coordinator.

Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company
procedure SAEP-302.

3 References

All referenced specifications, standards, codes, drawings, and similar material

are considered part of this engineering procedure to the extent specified, applying
the latest version, unless otherwise stated.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-302 Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering

Requirements

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SAEP-1140 Qualification of Saudi Aramco NDT Personnel

SAEP-1142 Qualification of non-Saudi Aramco NDT Personnel

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO 3059: 2012 Non-destructive Testing – Penetrant Testing and Magnetic

Particle Testing – Viewing Conditions

ISO 17638: 2016 Non-destructive Testing of Welds – Magnetic Particle

Testing

ISO 9934-1: 2016 Non-destructive Testing – Magnetic Particle Testing –

Part 1: General Principles

ISO 9934-2: 2016 Non-destructive Testing – Magnetic Particle Testing –

Part 2: Detection Media

ISO 9934-3: 2016 Non-destructive Testing – Magnetic Particle Testing –

Part 3: Equipment

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME Sec. V Magnetic Particle Examination

Article 7: 2021

American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM E709: 2015 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing

ASTM E1444: 2016 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination

ASTM E2297:215 Standard Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources
and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic
Particle Methods

4 Personnel

4.1 Saudi Aramco personnel performing MT examinations shall be certified in

accordance with SAEP-1140.

4.2 Contractor personnel performing MT examinations shall meet the qualification

and certification requirements of SAEP-1142.

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4.3 Level I personnel may perform MT examination only under the direct supervision
of Level II or Level III personnel. Level I personnel shall not independently
interpret the results of the examination or issue the MT examination report.

5. Safety

5.1 The NDT inspector shall be responsible for compliance with applicable safety
rules for handling and usage of MT materials and equipment, including use of
proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). A hot work permit shall be
obtained, if required.

5.2 When conducting MT Examination inside Vessels, Tanks, Heat Exchangers,

Furnaces, etc., using electrical power supply for magnetization tool, use ground
fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) to protect from electrical faults.

5.3 Adequate ventilation shall be provided when performing an MT examination at all

times, especially in confined areas, to prevent inhalation of harmful materials.

5.4 Wet method solutions with a petroleum distillate are highly volatile, relatively
toxic, and may cause skin irritation. Use adequate ventilation at all times and
avoid prolonged skin contact.

5.5 Flammable inspection materials such as solutions with a petroleum distillate base
shall not be used in an area where they may be exposed to open flame or sparks.

5.6 Pressurized aerosol cans shall be stored as per manufacturer recommendations.

They shall be kept out of direct sunlight as excessive heat may cause aerosol
cans to explode. Never store pressurized aerosol cans inside the vehicle.

5.7 Visual inspection of the UV light filter lens is mandatory prior to switching ON the
light. UV Lights with broken, cracked or chipped filters shall be repaired or
replaced immediately. Eye damage may result if unfiltered UV light is used.

6. Equipment and Materials

6.1 Magnetic Particle Testing Equipment

6.1.1 Electromagnetic Yoke (AC or AC/DC)

6.1.2 Electromagnetic Coils

6.1.3 Stationary Horizontal MT System (or Bench)

6.1.4 Black Lights (Type UV-A, Wavelengths 3,200 - 4,000 Angstroms)

6.1.5 Light meter (visible and/or UV)

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6.1.6 Gauss meter

6.1.7 Field Indicator

6.1.8 4.5 Kg (10 lb) weight for AC Yoke

6.1.9 18 Kg (40 lb) weight for DC Yoke

6.1.10 Thermometers

Unless specified in this procedure, equipment specifications shall meet the

requirements of ISO 9934-3, ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-730, and ASTM E709,
Section 6, as applicable

6.2 Magnetic Particle Testing Materials

MT examination materials used for surface preparation, detections and cleaning

shall comply with the requirements of the following international standards

6.2.1 ISO 9934-2

6.2.2 ASTM E709

6.2.3 ASTM E1444

6.2.4 ASME Sec. V, Article 7.

Saudi Aramco, at its own discretion, shall have the right to request a
demonstration on the use and effectiveness of selected MT equipment and
materials.

7. Lighting

7.1 Lighting and lighting intensity shall meet the requirements of ASME SEC V,
Article 7, T-777.1 for visible MT examination, and T-777.2 for fluorescent MT
examinations, unless otherwise specified in this procedure.

7.2 Visible and UV light sources and meter specifications and requirements shall
meet the requirements of ASTM E2297.

7.3 MT examinations performed in the field or at shop with visible magnetic particles
require a minimum of 1,076 Lx (100 fc) of white light illumination at the
examination surface for adequate evaluation of indications.

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7.4 Ultraviolet (UV) and white light intensities shall be measured at the examination
surface and recorded on the MT examination report prior to performing an MT
examination.

7.5 Ultraviolet light intensity shall be measured at the examination surface prior to
the fluorescent MT examination. The light sensor shall be placed on the surface
to be tested. The black light should be centered perpendicular (90°) to the light
sensor at a distance of 381 mm (15 in.). The light should be maneuvered in such
a manner as to monitor the light meter and achieve the highest intensity reading.
The reading shall be recorded on the MT Inspection report.

7.6 Examinations requiring the use of ultraviolet light shall be conducted in a

darkened area of 21.5 Lx (2 fc) or less of white light intensity as measured at the
surface to be tested, as per ASTM E709, paragraph 7.1.1.2. Every attempt shall
be made to darken the area as much as possible prior to conducting a fluorescent
magnetic particle examination through the use of a blanket, hood, or portable
booth.

7.7 The ultraviolet light intensity at the examination surface shall be measured:

7.7.1 Prior to use

7.7.2 At the completion of the examinations

7.7.3 At least every 4 hours.

7.7.4 Whenever the work location is changed.

7.7.5 After changing a component of the unit such as a filter or bulb.

7.7.6 After a black light unit failure.

7.7.7 Whenever power source is interrupted or changed.

7.8 The light meters shall be calibrated annually and bear an authentic seal which
presents the date calibration was accomplished and the next due date, as per
ASME SEC V, Article 7, T761.2. and ISO 3059, Section 8.

7.9 A minimum of 3,000 μW/cm² is required for field inspections in areas of ambient
white light which exceed 21.5 Lx (2 fc) as measured at the examination surface.
A minimum value of 1000 μW/cm² is required for work in a darkened area of 21.5
Lx (2 fc) or less, as per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-777.2. Where MT examinations
are to be performed in the field in undarkened area, the procedure shall be
qualified per the requirements of ASME SEC V, Article 7, Mandatory Appendix III.

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8. Surface Preparation

8.1 All surfaces to be examined and any adjacent area within at least 25.4 mm
(1 in.) of the examination area shall be free of rust, scale, slag, sand, grease,
paint (contrast paint is acceptable), oily films, or other interfering conditions, as
per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-741.1.

8.2 Part surface temperature shall not exceed 316°C (600°F) when using dry
particles, as per ASTM E709, paragraph 8.4. Temperature should be measured
by calibrated thermometer.

8.3 When using wet particles, temperature limitations shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer specifications and requirements. Wet particles system shall meet
the requirements of ASTM E709, paragraph 8.5.

8.4 As per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-741.1, as cast, as rolled, as forged, or as welded
surfaces are satisfactory, if clean and the weld blends smoothly into the base
metal without undercutting. Unusually rough or non-uniform examination
surfaces which would interfere with the formation and/or interpretation of
indications shall be properly conditioned prior to examination. Conditioning may
be in the form of wire brushing, grit blasting, or other approved methods that will
not smear or otherwise mask discontinuities of interest.
Note:

Additional precautions should be exercised during surface perpetration for magnetic

particle examination to ensure fine open-to-surface indications, such as stress corrosion
cracks, are not masked. In case of pipe surfaces protected with Coal Tar Epoxy, the bulk
coating surface can be removed precautionary by either water jetting or grit blasting.
Subsequently, and in order to preserve the metallurgical features, i.e. tiny surface cracks,
chemical cleaning using paint removers, e.g. Xylene, Toluene, Methanol and/or Acetone,
shall follow to remove the remaining layer of coating residues.

8.5 MT examinations performed on thin, a maximum of 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) thick,

smooth, nonconductive, and/or nonmagnetic coatings, such as paint or corrosion
inhibitor coatings, are allowed, as per ASME SEC V, Article 7,
T-741.2, provided the applied magnetic field at the examination surface is verified
as sufficient with a magnetic field indicator.

8.6 Areas where electrical contact will be made, using direct magnetization, on the
examination piece shall be thoroughly cleaned, including coating removal, to
provide low resistance electrical connections, as per ASTM E709, paragraph
9.1.1.

8.7 When conducting MT examination on surfaces with conductive coating, the

procedure shall be demonstrated to ensure unacceptable indications can be

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detected, as per ASTM E709, paragraph 9.1.2. Otherwise, the coating shall be
removed.

9. General Requirements

9.1 The recommended examination methods and techniques described in the

following paragraphs apply to all MT methods of examination and are considered
mandatory unless otherwise specified.

9.2 Instructions for common MT examination techniques used within Saudi Aramco
operating facilities, i.e., electromagnetic yoke, are provided in Appendix 1 (A, B,
and C). Other MT examination techniques can be used if approved by Inspection
Technical Support Division of Inspection Department. A dedicated technique
procedure shall be developed and submitted for review and approval.
Demonstration of the proposed technique might be required as per applicable
international standards, i.e., ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-721.2.

9.3 A visual inspection of the examination surface shall be performed prior to

magnetization to verify the surface cleaning operation was thorough and
complete, to identify gross discontinuities, and to identify areas of interest where
an indication will be expected to occur.

9.4 Prior to performing a fluorescent MT examination, the examination surface should

be scanned with UV light to ensure no fluorescent contamination left that could
interfere with MT examination and interpretation.

9.5 The surface to be tested and 25.4 mm (1 in.) of adjacent area shall be examined
for evidence of particle accumulations. Indications shall be interpreted to
determine the cause of the accumulation and the indication size evaluated to the
appropriate acceptance criteria.

9.6 The surface to be tested shall be examined in suitable increments. Adjacent

examination areas shall overlap a minimum of 10%.

9.7 Two (2) separate examinations shall be carried out on each area to be tested.
The second examination shall be with the lines of flux perpendicular (90°) to those
used for the first examination in that area, as per ASTM E709, paragraph 4.3.2
and Section 13.

9.8 The method of MT examination selected for use shall provide an applied
magnetic field having sufficient strength to produce satisfactory indications but
not strong enough to cause masking of indications, as per ASME SEC V, Article
7, T-764.2.

9.9 A thin, uniform coating of white contrast paint may be applied to the examination
surface prior to performing a wet or dry particle MT examination to enhance the
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color contrast of the particles selected. The paint shall be flat white, quick drying,
and the thickness of the coating applied should not exceed
0.005 mm (0.0002 in.), as per ASTM E709, Section 15.5. When paint thickness
can’t be verified, its effectiveness shall be demonstrated as per the requirements
of ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-741.2.

9.10 After a defect is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs,
the area shall be reexamined by MT method to assure the defect has been
eliminated or reduced to an acceptable size, as per applicable standards or code.

9.11 As per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-762, yokes shall be tested for adequate
magnetization strength prior to use each day or whenever the yoke is damaged
and repaired, as per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-762

9.11.1 Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power
of at least 4.5 kg (10 lb) at the maximum pole spacing, with contact
similar to what will be used during examination

9.11.2 Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting
power of at least 18 kg (40 lb) at the maximum pole spacing, with
contact similar to what will be used during the examination.

9.13 When performing fluorescent MT examination, allow 5 minutes for eye adaption
to the darkened area before starting MT examination, as per
ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-777-2(b).

9.14 Before starting fluorescent MT examination, allow 5 minutes for the UV-A light to
warm up and reach required UV radiation levels, as per ISO 9934-1, Sec. 10.2.

10. Interpretation and Acceptance Criteria

10.1 All indications shall be interpreted and evaluated in accordance with the
appropriate acceptance criteria, using applicable standards/codes (e.g., ASME,
API, AWS, etc.), after each individual examination and the results recorded on
the MT Examination Request and Report Sheet (Template MT report is provided
in Appendix 2).

10.2 For MT examinations of in-service equipment, where no specific acceptance

criteria is defined, reports shall be evaluated by operating facility for further
action.

10.3 Indications believed to be non-relevant shall be reexamined, by a different NDT

method if necessary, to verify that no defects are present.

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11. Magnetization

11.1 Magnetization equipment shall conform to ISO 9334-3 and ASTM E709,
Section 6.

11.2 The use of permanent magnets is not allowed, as their performance and
capability to produce adequate magnetization can be affected by many factors,
e.g., stronger nearby flux fields or when dropped.

11.3 The magnetizing current requirements shall be established based on the applied
magnetization technique, as per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-751, T-752, T-753,
T-754, T-755, and T-756.

11.4 The magnetic field strength and direction shall be confirmed using appropriate
field measurements and indication tools, i.e., Pie field indicator, Notched Shims,
Flexible Laminated Strips, etc., as per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-764 and
ASTM E1444, Section 6.3.

12. Demagnetization

12.1 When the presence of residual magnetism within the examined part could
interfere with subsequent processing or usage, the part shall be demagnetized.
Residual magnetism shall not exceed ±3 Gauss, as per ASTM E1444,
paragraph 6.7.1.3.

12.2 Demagnetization shall always be performed on parts, which are to be welded

after an MT examination has been performed to prevent arc blow.

12.3 The presence or absence of residual magnetism shall be demonstrated and

verified using a calibrated Gauss meter, Magnetic Field Meter, or a Hall Effect
Probe and recorded on the MT examination report.

12.4 Demagnetization shall be accomplished using either the AC coil, DC step-down,

or yoke method as per ASTM E709, Section 18. The magnetic field intensity of
the first demagnetization shot shall always be equal to or higher than the last
magnetization shot of the MT examination.

12.5 As per ASME Sec. V, paragraph T-763, Hall-Effect probe gaussmeters used to
verify magnetizing field strength shall be calibrated at least once a year or
whenever the equipment has been subjected to a major repair, periodic overhaul,
or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall
be done prior to first use.

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13. Post Examination Cleaning

13.1 Following each MT examination, the part being examined shall be cleaned to
remove all residual magnetic particle materials. Any method that will remove all
residual MT materials from the part surface and does not harm the part or affect
its intended use or application, is considered acceptable.

13.2 If wet fluorescent MT examination was performed, the part shall be scanned with
the black light to assure that post-cleaning was adequate and no remaining
fluorescent material left on the surface.

14. Records

14.1 For MT examinations performed on projects, results shall be recorded on a MT

examination report (template MT examination report is provided in Appendix 2).
The reports shall be kept on file and available for review as part of inspection
records.

14.2 For MT examinations performed on projects, a sketch, chart, or marked-up

drawing shall be provided showing enough detail on relevant indications to
prevent duplication of the examination in the future. Permanent records
pertaining to the MT examination such as photographs, indications lifted with
transparent tape, lacquers or fixers, magnetic rubber, or sketches shall be
attached to the MT examination report.

14.3 For MT being performed by, or on behalf of operating facilities inspection

organizations, all reporting per paragraphs 13.1 and 13.2 of this procedure should
be done in SAIF.

Document History
23 July 2016 Major revision. Aligned the procedure with international standards and codes
(e.g., ISO, ASME, and ASTM). Updated the equipment manufacturer approval
requirements based on specifications rather than manufacturers, in compliance
with the international standards requirements. Revised the MT Examination
techniques that are in use at Saudi Aramco facilities. Reflected SI Units as
primary measurement units, as applicable.
1 January 2018 Editorial revision to delete paragraph 10.1 Commentary Note.
8 July 2019 Editorial revision to extend the “Next Planned Update” to 23 July 2021.
15 September 2021 Major revision. Procedure is revised to align with the 2021 revision of ASME
Sec V, Article 7.

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Appendix 1 - MT Examination Using Electromagnetic Yoke Techniques

(Strictly for use by Saudi Aramco. Shall not be used by NDT service providers or contractors)

A. Instructions for MT Examination Using Dry Particles - Visible

1. Scope:
This instruction defines the criteria and general requirements to perform magnetic
particle examination on welded joints and base metal of ferromagnetic materials in
order to detect discontinuities open to or near the surface.

2. Limitations:
This instruction shall not be used to examine vertical or overhead parts.

3. Safety:
Refer to Section 5 of this procedure for general instructions.

4. Equipment:
The following equipment can be used for conducting MT examination:
1) Electromagnetic AC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface indication detection
only.
2) Electromagnetic DC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface and near surface
indication examination.
3) Dry Iron Particles
4) White Contrast Paint (i.e., Aerosol)
5) Light Meter for light intensity measurement.
6) Gaussmeter
7) Pie Gauge
Note: Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitation set by the
manufacturer of the particles

5. Surface Preparation:
• Ensure cleanness of examination surface and adjacent area within 25.0 mm (1.0
in.) on each side. The surface should be clean and free of grease, oil or other
moisture that could keep particles from moving freely.
• Check surface temperature and ensure it is within the acceptable limits specified
in Section 8 of this procedure.
• If examination surface is coated, then coating thickness shall not exceed 0.05 mm
(0.002 in.).

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6. Examination:
The following steps shall be followed during the MT examination:
1) Check the existence of any magnetic field in the test surface using a Gaussmeter,
to ensure it doesn’t interfere with the MT examination.
2) Measure the light intensity on the examination surface (shall be 1,076 lx
minimum).
3) Ensure to record all measured light intensities in the MT examination report.
4) To improve contrast, spray thin layer of white background prior to surface
magnetization.
5) Position the yoke at 45° to the axis of the examination area, i.e. or the weld.
6) Introduce the magnetic field into the part and ensure proper and full contact of the
yoke poles with the examination surface. The legs spacing shall not be less than
76.2 mm (3.0 in.) or more than 203.2 mm (8.0 in.).
7) While the examination surface is magnetized, apply the dry magnetic powder
(i.e., particles). The powder should be applied between the yoke poles.
8) Verify magnetic field strength and direction using magnetic field indicator,
i.e., Pie Gauge.
9) Interpret the examination area as per the “interpretation” section below.
10) In case of accumulation of excess particles on the examination area, then remove
the particles completely and repeat the examination.
11) Repeat the examination with the yoke being relocated at approximately
perpendicular (i.e. 90°) to the first magnetization direction forming an “X”
pattern, to ensure full coverage of the examination area.
12) Repeat all the steps from 4 to 10 to cover all areas to be examined.

7. Interpretation:
• All relevant indications shall be interpreted and evaluated in accordance with the
appropriate criteria after each individual examination and the results recorded on
the MT examination report (refer to the sample report template in Appendix 2).
• All susceptible near surface indications shall be re-examined by different NDT
method to verify their presence and interpretation.
• All indications shall be evaluated as per Section 10 of this procedure.

8. Demagnetization:
• If residual magnetization may affect subsequent processes or other near-by
instrumentation, then, the examined area/part needs to be demagnetized.
• To demagnetize, place the AC Yoke on the workpiece, activate it and pull it off
the surface. The Yoke should remain activated until it is at least 150 mm (6.0 in.)
away of the workpiece.
• The residual magnetic field should be measured using a Gaussmeter and should
not exceed 3.0 Gauss.
• More details on Demagnetization can be found in Section 12 of this procedure.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 17 of 24

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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

9. Post Examination Surface Cleaning:

The examination area shall be cleaned after inspection with solvent to remove any
excess residues from the MT examination process.

10. Report and Records:

• Reports and records shall be as directed in Section 14 of this procedure.
• Use the report template provided in Appendix 2 to record MT examination result
and interpretation.
• All supporting documents, such as drawings, photos, should be kept with the
relevant MT examination report.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 18 of 24

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

B. Instructions for MT Examination Using Wet Particles - Visible

1. Scope:
This instruction defines the criteria and general requirements to perform magnetic
particle examination on welded joints and base metal of ferromagnetic materials in
order to detect discontinuities open to or near the surface.

2. Safety:
Refer to Section 5 of this procedure for general instructions.

3. Equipment:
The following equipment can be used for conducting MT examination:
1) Electromagnetic AC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface indication detection
only.
2) Electromagnetic DC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface and near surface
indication examination.
3) Wet Iron Particles (i.e., Aerosol)
4) White Contrast Paint (i.e., Aerosol)
5) Light Meter for light intensity measurement.
6) Gaussmeter
7) Pie Gauge
Note: Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitation set by the
manufacturer of the particles.

4. Surface Preparation:
• Ensure cleanness of examination surface and adjacent area within 25.0 mm (1.0
in.) on each side. The surface should be clean and free of grease, oil or other
moisture that could keep particles from moving freely.
• Check surface temperature and ensure it is within the acceptable limits specified
in Section 8 of this procedure.
• If examination surface is coated, then coating thickness shall not exceed 0.05 mm
(0.002 in.).

5. Examination:
The following steps shall be followed during the MT examination:
1) Check the existence of any magnetic field in the examination surface using a
Gaussmeter, to ensure it doesn’t interfere with the MT examination.
2) Measure the light intensity on the examination surface (shall be 1,076 lx minimum).
3) Ensure to record all measured light intensities in the MT examination report.
4) To improve contrast, spray thin layer of white background prior to surface
magnetization.
5) Apply, by spraying, the wet particles to the examination surface. (Note: the wet
particles can also be applied to the examination surface after it is magnetized)
6) Position the yoke at 45 to the axis of the examination surface, i.e. or the weld.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 19 of 24

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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

7) Introduce the magnetic field into the surface and ensure proper and full contact of
the yoke poles with the examination surface. The legs spacing shall not be less
than 76.2 mm (3.0 in.) or more than 203.2 mm (8.0 in.).
8) Verify magnetic field strength and direction using magnetic field indicator,
i.e., Pie Gauge.
9) Interpret the examination area as per the “interpretation” section below.
10) In case of accumulation of excess particles on the examination surface, then clean
the surface to remove the particles completely and repeat the examination.
11) Repeat the examination with the yoke being relocated at approximately
perpendicular (i.e., 90°) to the first magnetization direction forming an “X”
pattern, to ensure full coverage of the examination area.
12) Repeat all the steps from 4 to 10 to cover all areas to be examined.

6. Interpretation:
• All relevant indications shall be interpreted and evaluated in accordance with the
appropriate criteria after each individual examination and the results recorded on
the MT examination report (refer to the sample report template in Appendix 2).
• All susceptible near surface indications shall be re-examined by different NDT
method to verify their presence and interpretation.
• All indications shall be evaluated as per Section 10 of this procedure.

7. Demagnetization:
• If residual magnetization may affect subsequent processes or other near-by
instrumentation, then, the examined area/part needs to be demagnetized.
• To demagnetize, place the AC Yoke on the workpiece, activate it and pull it off
the surface. The Yoke should remain activated until it is at least 150 mm (6.0 in. )
away of the workpiece.
• The residual magnetic field should be measured using a Gaussmeter and should
not exceed 3.0 Gauss.
• More details on Demagnetization can be found in Section 12 of this procedure.

8. Post Examination Surface Cleaning:

The examination area shall be cleaned after inspection with solvent to remove any
excess residues from the MT examination process.

9. Report and Records:

• Reports and records shall be as directed in Section 14 of this procedure.
• Use the report template provided in Appendix 2 to record MT examination result
and interpretation.
• All supporting documents, such as drawings, photos, should be kept with the
relevant MT examination report.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 20 of 24

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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

C. Instructions for MT Examination Using Wet Particles – Fluorescent

1. Scope:
This instruction defines the criteria and general requirements to perform magnetic
particle examination on welded joints and base metal of ferromagnetic materials in
order to detect discontinuities open to or near the surface.

2. Safety:
• Refer to Section 5 of this procedure for general instructions.
• Cracked or scratched black light filter glass shall not be used.

3. Equipment:
The following equipment can be used for conducting MT examination:
1) Electromagnetic AC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface indication detection
only.
2) Electromagnetic DC yoke with adjustable leg type, for surface and near surface
indication examination.
3) Wet Iron Particles (i.e. Aerosol)
4) Black Light (Type UV-A)
5) Light Meter for light intensity measurement.
6) Gaussmeter
7) Pie Gauge
Note: Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitation set by the
manufacturer of the particles.

4. Surface Preparation:
• Ensure cleanness of examination surface and adjacent area within 25.0 mm (1.0
in.) on each side. The surface should be clean and free of grease, oil or other
moisture that could keep particles from moving freely.
• Check surface temperature and ensure it is within the acceptable limits specified
in Section 8 of this procedure.
• Check the examination surface using the UV-A light to ensure it is free from any
fluorescent materials or particles that may interfere with MT examination and
interpretation.
• If examination surface is coated, then coating thickness shall not exceed 0.05 mm
(0.002 in.).

5. Examination:
The following steps shall be followed during the MT exa5mination:
1) Check the existence of any magnetic field in the examination surface using a
Gaussmeter, to ensure it doesn’t interfere with the MT examination.
2) Allow 5 minutes for eye adaption to the dark area.
3) Turn on the UV-A light and allow to warm up for 5 minutes.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 21 of 24

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 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

4) Measure the ambient white light intensity in the examination area (shall not
exceed 21.5 lx).
5) Measure UV light intensity on the examination surface (shall be 3,000 μW/cm²
minimum for field applications, and shall not be less than 1,000 μW/cm² in a
darkened area).
6) Ensure to record all measured light intensities in the MT examination report.
7) Apply, by spraying, the wet fluorescent particles to the examination surface.
(Note: the wet particles can also be applied to the examination surface after it is
magnetized).
8) Position the yoke at 45 to the axis of the examination surface, i.e. or the weld.
9) Introduce the magnetic field into the surface and ensure proper and full contact of
the yoke poles with the examination surface. The legs spacing shall not be less
than 76.2 mm (3.0 in.) or more than 203.2 mm (8.0 in.).
10) Verify magnetic field strength and direction using magnetic field indicator,
i.e., Pie Gauge.
11) Interpret the examination area as per the “interpretation” section below.
12) In case of accumulation of excess particles on the examination surface, then clean
the surface to remove the particles completely and repeat the examination.
13) Repeat the examination with the yoke being relocated at approximately
perpendicular (i.e., 90°) to the first magnetization direction forming an “X”
pattern, to ensure full coverage of the examination area.
14) Repeat all the steps from 7 to 12 to cover all areas to be examined.

6. Interpretation:
• All relevant indications shall be interpreted and evaluated in accordance with the
appropriate criteria after each individual examination and the results recorded on
the MT examination report (refer to the sample report template in Appendix 2).
• All susceptible near surface indications shall be re-examined by different NDT
method to verify their presence and interpretation.
• All indications shall be evaluated as per Section 10 of this procedure.

7. Demagnetization:
• If residual magnetization may affect subsequent processes or other near-by
instrumentation, then, the examined area/part needs to be demagnetized.
• To demagnetize, place the AC Yoke on the workpiece, activate it and pull it off
the surface. The Yoke should remain activated until it is at least 150 mm (6.0 in.)
off the workpiece.
• The residual magnetic field should be measured using a Gaussmeter and should
not exceed 3.0 Gauss.
• More details on Demagnetization can be found in Section 12 of this procedure.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 22 of 24

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

8. Post Examination Surface Cleaning:

• The examination area shall be cleaned after inspection with solvent to remove any
excess residues from the MT examination process.
• Check the examination surface using the UV-A light to ensure it is free from any
fluorescent materials residuals.

9. Report and Records:

• Reports and records shall be as directed in Section 14 of this procedure.
• Use the report template provided in Appendix 2 to record MT examination result
and interpretation.
• All supporting documents, such as drawings, photos, should be kept with the
relevant MT examination report.

© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2021 Page 23 of 24

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

 Document Responsibility: Nondestructive Testing Standards Committee SAEP-1144
Issue Date: 15 September 2021
Next Revision: 15 September 2026 Magnetic Particle Examination

Appendix 2 - Magnetic Particle Examination Report Template

Requestor Request Date Unit

Technician MT
ID No. Test Date
Name Level
Job No. Plant Name Plant No.
Location Plant Equipment Drawing No.
Examination Technique
Visible  Fluorescent  Dry  Wet  Procedure No. & Title
Yoke Type AC  DC  Demagnetization Yes  No  Acceptance Criteria
Equipment
Yoke Manufacturer Serial No. Model No.
UV Light Manufacturer Serial No. Model No.
Light Meter Manufacturer Serial No. Model No.
Particles Manufacturer Color Part No. Batch No.
Contrast Manufacturer Part No. Gauss meter Model
Part Surface
Material Type Thickness (mm) Surface Temperature (C)
Surface Yes  Post-
Cleaned Yes  No  Coated No  Yes  No 
Condition t(mm)= Cleaned
White Light UV Light Magnetic Field Before Mag.
Intensity (lx) Intensity(µW/cm2) Measurements (G) After Mag.
Repair Defect Defect
Item Drawing Equipment P/N Welder Exam Results
Weld No. Location Size Type
No. No. Line Reference Symbol
ACC REJ

Technician Signature:

Date:

Notes:
1. All blanks are to be filled in or marked N/A (not applicable).
2. MT examinations performed by Level I Technicians require complete evaluation and
interpretation of examination result and sign-off of the final report by a Level II or III personnel.
(The user of this procedure can reproduce softcopy of this template report, or generate a report
format as per ASME SEC V, Article 7, T-793).

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