Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

 Department of Urban
Development, Housing &
Local Self Government

Shanti Dhariwal
(Minister)
MESSAGE
Jaipur has the unique distinction of being considered for multiple inscriptions in the area
of Heritage. First, it was Jantar Mantar in the year 2010, then Amber Hill Fort in the year
2013, thereafter in the year 2015 it was declared as the Creative City of Craft & Folk Art.
Finally, it was in the year 2019, that Jaipur was awarded the status of World Heritage City.
There may be very few cities in the world which have earned so many Heritage
Inscriptions.
UNESCO World Heritage City inscription status of Jaipur is a unique opportunity for
Jaipur to safeguard its iconic Town Planning; built and unique Heritage and myriad crafts
and folk arts; to ensure that these traditional forms of creative expression are
mainstreamed in to its Development Plan. Jaipur Master Development Plan (MDP) 2025
had outlined the need for Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 and
subsequently as per the UNESCO commitments, a Special Area Heritage Plan (SAHP) for
Jaipur is to be prepared in detail. Jaipur Walled City area is divided into Nine Chowkris.
Each segment of these Chowkris has a unique character in itself. Protection of Built
Heritage & Natural Heritage is only possible when every aspect of walled city area and
buffer area are to be assessed and accordingly a plan, which includes details of
infrastructure requirements, conservation, control and management over the whole
walled city area, is to be prepared. Tourism and Heritage are interdependent factors to
be addressed for social and economic development.
I am extremely delighted that the team comprising of Dr. G.S. Sandhu, Advisor UDH; Dr.
Joga Ram, Secretary LSG; Sh. Hridesh Sharma, Director, Local Bodies; Sh. H. S. Sancheti,
Principal Advisor, Town Planning Department; Sh. R. K. Vijayvargiya, CTP, Rajasthan; Sh.
Avdhesh Meena, Commissioner NNJH and others working assiduously to conserve the
Heritage of Jaipur City. Valuable suggestions from subject experts and others concerned
are welcome to make the Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP), 2041 more
viable which would go a long way in our efforts to protect and conserve the rich Heritage
of Walled City of Jaipur.

(Shanti Dhariwal)
Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath
 Department of Urban
Development, Housing &
Local Self Government

G. S. Sandhu
(Advisor)
MESSAGE

The State of Rajasthan has a rich heritage in the form of Forts, Havelis, Palaces and
Temples. It is of the utmost requirement to value and protect its rich heritage.
Jaipur envisions itself as a city which takes the creativity and imagination of its heritage
to showcase a model of sustainable development. UNESCO World Heritage City
inscription status is a unique opportunity for Jaipur to safeguard its iconic town planning;
built heritage and myriad crafts and folk arts. To ensure the above goal – Special Area
Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP), 2041 is being prepared. Conservation of heritage
requires a comprehensive long-range planning and integrated approach dealing with all
the relevant issues.
Heritage conservation needs to be seen and practiced in the overall gamut of planning
and development process. It can be seen that everything built in the past does not possess
historical value and thus, new buildings can also be unique in character. Therefore, while
planning, both the new & the old can be harmonized with each other.
The Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP), 2041 is a policy document which
would set a direction for the development of the Walled City of Jaipur. Jaipur Master
Development Plan (MDP) 2025 had outlived the need for a Special Area Heritage
Development Plan (SAHDP). And, because of its special importance, the Walled City Area
was shown as “Special Area”. This area has to be detailed out in the right perspective.
Draft Plan has been prepared and is published for valuable suggestions from subject
experts and others concerned.
I extend my gratitude to the UNESCO Officials; DRONAH; UDH, Advisor Team; Town
Planning Team; NNJH Team and SLAC Team who have contributed a lot in preparing this
draft of Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) in a very short span of time.
This document will provide a roadmap for the Sustainable Development of the Walled
City Area of Jaipur.

(G. S. Sandhu)
Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath
 Local Self Government

Dr. Joga Ram

(Secretary)
MESSAGE

Heritage must be presented for future generations by identifying risk, developing

innovative programs and providing broad public access to expertise on best practices of
conservation of Walled City Jaipur. A classic example of a symbiosis of Heritage and
tourism that has become a major challenge and objective for conservation, management
and planning for UNESCO World Heritage City Jaipur across the world.

Jaipur envisions itself as a city which fosters the rich cultural, Heritage and Built-Heritage
to showcase a model of sustainable development that has been adopted and continued
since the 18th CE to the needs of its citizens in present context.

I am extremely delighted that Dr. G. S. Sandhu and his core team have prepared the draft
of Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 in a very short span of time to
fulfil the requirements of Jaipur MDP 2025. It is a Policy Document which will guide to
execute various projects to be undertaken in future. Suggestions are welcome.
Constructive recommendations and policies would go a long way in our efforts to protect
and conserve the rich Heritage of the Walled City Jaipur.

(Dr. Joga Ram)

 Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage

Avdhesh Meena
(Commissioner)
FOREWORD
Walled City Jaipur is an exceptional urban example, which was conceived and developed
in a single phase in the 18th CE and, still it caters to the needs of its citizens in the present
context. Sustainable development that meets the need of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The Heritage of Walled City must be conserved for future generations by identifying risk,
developing innovative programs to expertise on best practices of conservation and
community participation, therefore, there is a great need to have an overall development
plan for Walled City Area.

A Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 will be a comprehensive,

integrated plan for the Walled City which will take care of all relevant aspects of future
development keeping Heritage Conservation a prime factor.

I congratulate Dr. G.S. Sandhu and his core team to complete this task in a very short span
of time.

(Avdhesh Meena)
 Town Planning Department,
State Level Advisory Cell (SLAC)

H. S. Sancheti
(Principal Advisor)
PREFACE
The Walled City of Jaipur is under constant development pressures with increasing
commercialization. Besides this, climate change, poor solid waste management, lack of
infrastructure, insufficient parking, unauthorized constructions, new interventions,
encroachments, drainage and traffic problems, dilapidated historic structures and misuse
of historic structures are some of the issues that have become a threat for the city fabric.
It is important that the walled city is treated as a Special Area and plans are to be
developed for the conservation and development of Walled City, Jaipur.
In view of the above statement, the Walled City Area is shown as a Special Area in the
Jaipur MDP 2025 and accordingly a comprehensive development plan for the
conservation and development of the UNESCO World Heritage City Jaipur. The plan is also
an essential requirement as a commitment to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee
since Walled City of Jaipur received its UNESCO Inscription status in the year 2019.
The Development Plan for Jaipur Walled City and subsequent Special Area Heritage Plan
(SAHP), outlined in this document which aims to address the linkages and broad policies
for the city’s invaluable, natural and cultural heritage. These resources would be
supportive in achieving sustainable development goals. Special Area Heritage Plan
(SAHP) would involve a detailed study of each Chowkri. Detailed survey of two Chowkris
namely, Chowkri Modikhana and Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji; were taken up as a pilot project
which are almost completed.
This draft of the development plan is a joint effort by NNJH; UDH & LSG Departments;
SLAC, Town Planning Department and DRONAH. It is also to be specially mentioned that
Dr. G. S. Sandhu and his core team along with administrative support is really appreciable.
Valuable suggestions from the subject experts and others concerned are welcome to
make the Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041, a realistic success. I am
very thankful to all the contributors and UNESCO Officials who have supported at the
various stages during the preparation of the development plan.

(H. S. Sancheti
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (i)

CONTRIBUTORS
Administrative Contributors
1. Dr. G.S. Sandhu, Retd. IAS, Advisor, UDH & LSG
2. Sh. Kunji Lal Meena, Principal Secretary, UDH
3. Dr. Joga Ram, Secretary, LSG
4. Sh. Hridesh Sharma, Director, DLB
5. Sh. Avdhesh Meena, Commissioner, NNJH
6. Sh. Giri Raj Agrawal, OSD to Advisor, UDH & LSG

Technical Contributors
Town Planning Department, Govt. of Rajasthan
1. Sh. H.S. Sancheti, Principal Advisor, Town Planning Department
2. Sh. R. K. Vijayvargia, Chief Town Planner, Rajasthan
3. Sh. R. K. Tulara, ACTP, DLB
4. Smt. Poonam Sharma, Assistant Town Planner
5. Sh. Ankur Agarwal, Consultant Architect

Heritage Cell, Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage, NNJH

1. Sh. Chandra Shekhar Parashar, Retd. ACTP & Coordinator NNJH
2. Sh. Shashi Kant, Additional Chief Town Planner & In-Charge Heritage
Cell
3. Sh. Vijay Meena, Assistant Town Planner
4. Smt. Chandni Chowdhary, Heritage and Conservation Consultant
5. Ms. Nitya Khendry, Heritage and Conservation Consultant
6. Sh. Anurag Gupta, Consultant Urban Planner

M/S DRONAH
1. Dr. Shikha Jain, Director, DRONAH & Consultant to Government of
Rajasthan for Jaipur World Heritage & Preparation of Special Area
Heritage Plan
2. Smt. Pooja Agrawal, Associate Urban Designer, DRONAH & Consultant
for Special Area Heritage Plan
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (ii)

CORE TEAM
Dr. G.S. Sandhu, Retd. IAS, Advisor, UDH & LSG
Sh. H.S. Sancheti, Principal Advisor, SLAC, Town Planning Department
Sh. Chandra Shekhar Parashar, Retd. ACTP & Coordinator NNJH
Sh. Giri Raj Agrawal, OSD to Advisor, UDH & LSG
Sh. Shashi Kant, ACTP & In-Charge Heritage Cell
Sh. Vijay Meena, Assistant Town Planner
Smt. Poonam Sharma, Assistant Town Planner
Sh. Ankur Agarwal, Consultant Architect

Document Prepared By – SLAC, Town Planning Department

 Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (iii)

ACRONYMS
ADB Asian Development Bank
AMASRA Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Sites & Remains Act
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
BRTS Bus Rapid Transit System
CBD Central Business District
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPWD Central Public Works Department
CTP Chief Town Planner
DCR Development Control Regulations
DDMA District Disaster Management Authority
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DLB Directorate of Local Bodies
DP Development Plan
DPR Detail Project Report
DRONAH Development & Research Organization for Nature, Arts & Heritage
EoI Expression of Interest
FAR Floor Area Ratio
GIS Geographic Information System
GoI Government of India
GoR Government of Rajasthan
GPS Global Positioning System
GSS Grid Sub Station
HRIDAY Heritage City Infrastructure Development & Augmentation Yojana
ICOMOS International Corporation on Monuments & Sites
IHCN International Heritage Cities Network
INTACH Indian National Trust for Art & Cultural Heritage
ITPI Institute of Town Planners, India
JCTSL Jaipur City Transport Services Limited
JDA Jaipur Development Authority
JMRC Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation
JnNURM Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
JSCL Jaipur Smart City Limited
JHERICO Jaipur Heritage Committee
JHMP Jaipur Heritage Management Plan
JVF Jaipur Virasat Foundation
JVVNL Jaipur Vidhyut Vitran Nigam Limited
LSG Local Self Government
MDP Master Development Plan
 Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (iv)

ACRONYMS
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forest
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
MRTS Mass Rapid Transit System
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSWM Municipal Solid Waste Management
NCR National Capital Region
NGO Non – Governmental Organization
NNJG Nagar Nigam Jaipur Greater
NNJH Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PMC Project Management Consultant
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PPPP People Public-Private Partnership
PWD Public Works Department
ROW Right of Way
RPCB Rajasthan Pollution Control Board
SAHDP Special Area Heritage Development Plan
SAHP Special Area Heritage Plan
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDMA State Disaster Management Authority
SLAC State Level Advisory Committee
SLC State Level Committee
SLSC State Level Steering Committee
SPCB State Pollution Control Board
TCPO Town & Country Planning Organization
UDH Urban Development & Housing
UIT Urban Improvement Trust
ULB Urban Local Bodies
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
ZSP Zonal / Sector Plan
 Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (v)

GLOSSARY
1. BAITHAK a sitting room or drawing room
2. BAZAR a market, market place or shopping street
curved roof form, resembling the Bengali thatched
3. BANGLADAR
roof
central space presided over by Brahma, the divine
4. BRAHMASTHANA
creator
5. CHAJJA sunshade, dripstone
6. CHAUGAN polo ground
7. CHAUPAR cross roads (literally ‘four-folded’)
kiosk, small pavilion, typically with four to eight
8. CHHATRI
columns supporting a dome (literally ‘umbrella’)
9. CHOWKRI literally square section
10. DANDA unit of measurement roughly equal to 0.2m
11. DIWAN Chief Minister
12. EKDHALYA sloped roof on the verandah of bazars
part of a temple where the idol is placed, also a
13. GARBHA GRIHA
covered inner courtyard, (literally ‘womb house’)
14. GARH Fort; Palace built on highest level or top of the hill
powder of burnt bricks, terracotta, also the saffron
15. GERU
color of holy garb
16. GHER a compound
17. GOKHA a lattice or pierced screen
18. HASTA unit of measurement roughly equivalent to 45cm
a generic name for a house constructed around
19. HAVELI
courtyards
20. JALI pierced screen or trellis (literally ‘mesh’)
 Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (vi)

21. JHAROKHA projecting window

22. KANGURA roof that protrudes outside the roof of a building
23. KHANDA buffer space adjacent to city gates
organizing principle, graphically represented as a
24. MANDALA
square or a circle
25. MISTRI head mason, or craftsman
26. MOHALLA community-based sub-division of a town or a city
27. POLE / POL entry gate
city planned in square or rectangle shapes further
28. PRASTARA PLAN
divided on the basis of class
partly shaded place, surrounded on one side by the
29. TIBARA open place and on the other side by a fully shaded
place
30. RANG MAHAL a place for festive enjoyments, place of festivity
31. SARAHAD boundary, edge
32. SAWAI one and a quarter
33. SHALA room or range under a single roof form
34. SHASTRA canonical treatise
35. SHEESH MAHAL palace of mirrors
36. SHIKHARA spire; tall pointed tower
triangular space between the curve of an arch of an
37. SPANDRIL
arch and the square enclosing it
38. VASTU PURUSHA male principle of consecrated space
39. VASTU SHASTRA generic name for treatises dealing with architecture
Indic system of architecture (literally ‘architectural
40. VASTU VIDYA
knowledge’)
41. ZENANA the women’s portion of a house or a palace
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (vii)
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (xi)

VISION STATEMENT, JAIPUR MDP 2025

An importance of Walled City Jaipur was long back assessed and addressed
categorically in the Jaipur MDP 2025; which was enforced from 06th
November, 2011.
The text is reproduced as below (Jaipur MDP Volume 02 – Page 93):
“The Walled City of Jaipur is under constant development pressures with
increasing commercialization. Besides this, climate change, poor solid waste
management, lack of infrastructure, insufficient parking, unauthorized
constructions, new interventions, encroachments, drainage and traffic
problems, dilapidated historic structures and misuse of historic structures
are some of the issues that have become a constant threat for the city fabric.
It is important that the walled city is treated as a special zone and plans are
to be developed for the conservation and development of Walled City,
Jaipur.”

Source: Jaipur MDP 2025, Special Area Walled City Jaipur

Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (xii)

VISION STATEMENT, SAHDP - 2041

Jaipur Master Development Plan (MDP) 2025 had outlined the need for
Special Area Heritage Development Plan. A Special Area Heritage Plan-2041
(SAHP) for Jaipur walled city is also an essential requirement as a
commitment to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee since walled city of
Jaipur received its UNESCO Tag in the year 2019.

“Jaipur envisions itself as a city which fosters the creativity and

imagination of its people using its rich cultural heritage to showcase a
model of sustainable development that has continued and been
adapted since the 18th century to the needs of its citizens in the 21st
century. Collectively, the UNESCO World Heritage City status and
UNESCO Creative City status of Jaipur are a unique opportunity for
Jaipur to safeguard its iconic town planning, built heritage and myriad
crafts and folk arts and, to ensure that these traditional forms of
creative expression are mainstreamed into its development plan with
direct impact on socio-economic sustainability of the city.
The development plan for Jaipur Walled City and subsequent Special
Area Heritage Plan (SAHP) outlined in this document aims to address
the linkages and policies for the city’s invaluable natural and cultural
heritage resources in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (as per
SDG Agenda, 2030) through a holistic and inclusive social, economic,
cultural and environmental approach.”
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (xiii)
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 (xiv)
 Jaipur

Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |1

CHAPTER 1: JAIPUR – BACKGROUND

One of the best planned cities of India, Jaipur is the capital city of the state of
Rajasthan. Its features of beautiful Architecture, planned growth and
cosmopolitan character have endowed it with uniqueness in India's urban
character. Jaipur being capital of Rajasthan is the focus of the socio-economic
and political center of State. It witnessed fast growth both physical and
demographic i.e., with 2001 population at 23.23 lakhs, the city is likely to
attain a population 64.95 lakhs by the year 2025 with 5.3% annual growth
rate and the population of JDA Region would be 75 Lakhs.

JAIPUR

Location: Jaipur
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |2

1.1 JAIPUR – DEVELOPMENT (Since 1727)

Plates showing the chronological development and expansion of mother city,
Jaipur to its outer growth which were depicted in various Master
Development Plans. In the given time-frames below, the graph of population
has increased continuously, therefore, planned development of the city was
necessitated in order to improve the quality of life of the residents of the Pink
City, Jaipur.
1. Jaipur Walled City Plan – 1727

2. Generalised Existing Land Use Plan - 1971

Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |3

3. Land Use Plan, Jaipur - (1971-1991 [Extended up to 1996])

4. Land Use Plan, Jaipur (1996 – 2011) – JDA

Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |4

5. Jaipur Master Development Plan (2011-2025) – JDA

6. Jaipur Master Development Plan (2025-2041) – JDA

Horizon year of Jaipur MDP 2025 is approaching to its time frame. Therefore, the
Government of Rajasthan has decided to initiate the next (fourth) generation
Development Plan. In view of the Government decisions, Jaipur MDP 2025 is to be
reviewed for the preparation of a new Jaipur Master Development Plan 2041;
while taking new technology and new policy framework into consideration.
Walled City Jaipur having an area of 6.74 sq. km. with a population of about
6,00,000 is very important as the UNESCO has given the inscription status of
World Heritage City to Walled City, Jaipur in the year 2019. Now, Government has
initiated the preparation of a draft Special Heritage Development Plan 2041.
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |5

1.2 REGIONAL SETTING

The city of Jaipur is situated 260 km south-west of New Delhi on a sandy
triangular dried plain of the lake. It extends from 26° 47' 0.21'' to 27° 1'
36.84'' N latitude and 75° 41' 15.19'' to 75° 54' 36.27'' E longitude. The Jaipur
District is surrounded with other districts’ boundaries, i.e., Alwar, Dausa,
Tonk, Ajmer, Nagaur and Sikar. The capital city of Jaipur is very well
connected by road, rail and airways.
The whole geographical area of the city is surrounded by the hills in North,
East and West sides (a part of Northern Aravalli Range) and water bodies.
The city has forts i.e., Nahargarh, Jaigarh, Ganeshgarh, Shankargarh,
Raghunathgarh and Ambagarh in the north and south of Galtaji. The peak
elevation around the city is 648m, 599m, 786m, 747, 775m and 656m at
Jaigarh, Nahargarh, Barwara, Manoharpura, Bilali and Bichun respectively.

State of Jaipur Comprises 11 Divisions Courtesy: Jaipur, The Last Destination, Aman Nath
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |6

1.3 CLIMATE
The capital city of the desert state Rajasthan lies in the semi-arid climate
zone. The city experiences varying climatic conditions from extremely hot
summers to pleasant and cool winters. The temperature ranges between 4°C
to 9°C in the winter season and between 40°C to 47°C in the summer season
(March to June). The annual average rainfall (2011-2020) of Jaipur City is
566.63mm. (Ref. Groundwater Yearbook 2020-21 Rajasthan, CGWB)

1.4 DEMOGRAPHY
Jaipur is the largest metropolitan city of Rajasthan. The city comprises of an
area of 467.57 sq. km. with a total population of 3 million as per 2011 Census.
As per the Census Report 1881, the population of Jaipur city is about
1,50,000 and the census reports of years - 1891, 1901 and 1911 show the
10% decadal growth rate. The boundary of Jaipur Municipal Corporation
(JMC) has been extended in different phases of time as it was 06 sq. km. in
1931, 65 sq. km. in 1941, 104 sq. km. in 1961, and 258.57 sq. km. in 1971.
The area of Jaipur city decreased from 258.57 sq. km. to 210.09 sq. km. in
1981 and again increased from 210.09 sq. km. to 218.26 sq. km. in 1991. Its
maximum decadal growth was noticed in 1951 with 68.22% because of
migration from West Pakistan to India after partition. In the year 1961, city
growth reduced almost half of the last decade while again started growing at
the rate of 55.17% from 1971 to 1991. The annual growth rate of the Pink
City is 3.4% and it ranks 7th in India.
The Population growth chart of Jaipur city is shown below:

Population Growth of Jaipur City

Source: Census of India, 2011
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |7

1.5 FLORA & FAUNA

Flora: Jaipur city is flanked by reserved forests on the north and east.
Nahargarh Reserve Forest (RF) is to the north of the city and Amer R.F. is
further to its north, Kilangarh R.F. lies to the east and Jhalana Bani R.F. is
situated on the south-east of the city as seen in the figure below. The forests
are characterized by dry forests of Khair tree. Deforestation is resulting in
soil erosion, which is exposing the rocky surface and leading to silting of
drainage channels. Drainage channels are a direct sufferer of deforestation.
With the water resources already being scarce, silting of drainage channels
only adds to the existing problems.
Fauna: The Rajasthan District Gazetteer - Jaipur (1972) recorded a gradual
decline in the number of wild animals due to the persistent problem of
indiscriminate killing and degradation of habitat due to poor forest growth
and increasing demand for pastureland. The animals known to be present
then included tigers, hyenas. wolves, bears, sambhars, deer, pigs, caracals
and Nilgais. "Nahari ka Naka' - a water hole in the Nahargarh hills and forest
was a popular preference of tigers and other big cats.
Forest Areas in and around Jaipur City
UNESCO World Heritage SITE – JAIPUR: Location
Walled City Jaipur

Amer Fort

Buffer Area

Jal Mahal
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041

Walled City Area

Galta Ji

Moti Dungri
P a g e |8
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e |9

CHAPTER 2: WALLED CITY JAIPUR

2.1 About Walled City - Jaipur
The Walled City of Jaipur is an exceptional
urban example, was conceived and
developed in a single phase in the 18th
century with a grid-iron model inspired
from the Prastara plan of the Vastu
Shastra. Built under the patronage of Raja
Sawai Jai Singh II (Rule 1700-1743 CE)
with the help of the then Town Planner
Shri Vidhyadhar Bhattacharya, from
1727-1731 CE, within a span of four years,
along with special royal invitations to
several traders and craftsmen, inviting
them to settle in this newly envisaged
trade and commerce city.
Raja Sawai Jai Singh II
Envisaged as a trade capital, the main avenues of the city were designed as
markets, which remain significant bazaars of the city till date. Chaupar or
designed large public squares at the intersection of roads, is another feature
that is distinct to Jaipur as are its single to multicourt havelis and haveli
temples.
Jaipur is an expression of the astronomical skills, living traditions, unique
urban form and exemplary foresighted city planning of an 18th century city
from India.

2.2 Urban Character

The planned nine square (Chowkri) plan of Jaipur city was a grid defined by
the main streets running north south and east-west. A massive city wall and
nine gates were constructed around the walled city of Jaipur.
The main streets were defined by continuous line of shops with colonnade
creating various markets. Three major intersections were formed by the
streets in the center forming a kind of public space called the "Choupars,
namely Badi Choupar, Chhoti Choupar and the Ramganj Choupar.
Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e | 10

The Choupars had kunds (tanks) in the center of the space bringing water
for the people through an underground canal system from outside the city,
buildings of public use like temples, libraries and institutions were
constructed along the main streets and choupars.

2.3 Administrative System

The Walled City of Jaipur was initially designed for a population of 60,000
inhabitants in an area of 6.74 sq. km. Industrial growth, rural to urban
migration in view of public jobs (once Jaipur became a capital) and the influx
of refugees during partition, led to a substantial increase in population until
1961. The population of Jaipur was 60,000 in 1825; 1,37,000 in 1870;
15,18,000 in 1991 & 24,86,000 in 2001. Such growth (one of the highest in
India) required a strong and efficient institutional system, in order to deal
with problems of housing and slums, water supply and sewerage system,
transportation, solid waste collection and treatment.
To tackle this, administrative systems evolved & strengthened slowly on the
basis of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Jaipur Municipal
Corporation (JMC), which administers the walled city, within the Municipal
limits, was created. It was initially a Nagar Committee in 1869; a Municipal
Board in 1938; a Municipal Council in 1944; Jaipur formed as the capital of

ChandPol

SurajPol

Ward Map of Walled City Jaipur – 30 Wards

 Walled City Jaipur
Special Area Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041 P a g e | 11

Rajasthan State (on March 30th,1949) and finally a Municipal Corporation

established in 1992. In the year 2020, Nagar Nigam Jaipur was divided into
two divisions namely Nagar Nigam Jaipur Greater (NNJG) & Nagar Nigam
Jaipur Heritage (NNJH). Out of 100 wards, 30 wards fall within the Walled
City area under NNJH.

Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi Walled City Map Showing Chowkris
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Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

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2.4 Chronological Growth of Jaipur City

JAI SINGH II (REIGN 1689 - 1743)
1700 - 1707
Jai Singh II is the founder of Jaipur city. In the year 1700, Jai Singh's State,
Amber, consisted of only three Parganas, the total area of which was
between 5,000 and 7,500 sq. kms. In the year 1707, on February 21 Shah
Alam took Amber capital, in the direct administration of Delhi.
1708 -1725
In the year 1708, Amber occupied by Bahadur Shah and renamed it as
Mominabad during 1708 October Jai Singh II finally became the ruler of
Amber. In the year 1718, construction of an observatory was begun by Jai
Singh II Jai Niwas Bagh had been developed just before this and the
construction of Surya Mahal had begun the final construction of Surya Mahal
at Jai Niwas Bagh was in progress in the year 1720 and Jai Niwas Bagh was
completed in the year 1725. The water bodies, Talkatora, on the south bank
of which Surya Mahal was built, and Rajamal ka Talab, to just east of
Talkatora, existed. A stream Dharbavati flowed here.
1725 - 1729
The foundation laying ceremony of Jaipur city was performed on November
29, 1727 during 1728 to 1929 Jai Singh II issue an order to all Jagirdars in
the state informing them that houses would be built for them by the state in
Jaipur city and they should pay for the building in installments by sending
10% of their annual income regularly to Vidhyadhar Letter inviting
Ghasiram Murlidhar, a businessman to settle down in Jaipur by Singh II to
business-men residing in Delhi, Mathura and Agra. They were offered free
land and given concessions and remissions on taxes.
1733 - 1734
A Parwana was issued by Muhammad Shah recognizing the new city as
"Sawai Jaipur" in the years 1733-1734. The main markets of the town
including Johari Bazar, Sireh Deorhi Bazaar, KishanPol Bazaar and Gangauri
Bazaar had been built. Probably ChandPol Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar and
Ramganj Bazaar had also been built. 162 shops were constructed on each
side of the first four bazaars mentioned above, except on the western side of
KishanPol Bazaar where 144 shops were constructed. All these shops were
of uniform size and form, and were constructed by the State. The main four
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Chowkris - Sarhad, Purani Basti Topkhana Desh and the one including the
present Modikhana and Vishveshwarji were largely built. SurajPol,
ChandPol, KishanPol (Ajmeri Gate), ShivPol (Sanganeri Gate) were
constructed. Amber Chowk (Chhoti Chaupar), and Manak Chowk (Badi
Chaupar) were constructed. (Canal & reservoirs) Sudarshangarh
(Nahargarh) was completed. The rivulet Dharbavati was dammed, thereby
transforming the marshy land just upstream of the dam into a lake man
Sagar. Jai Singh II performed the 'Ashvamedha Yagya' as a memorial to which
a pillar was erected at the Yagya sites. After the Yagya, Jai Singh II took a final
purification bath at the Ghat of Man Sagar.

Sireh Deorhi Ka Darwaja

1735 to 1743
The conversion of Surya Mahal into Govind Dev Temple was completed.
Temple of Patodi in Chowkri Modikhana was completed. Badhi Chand Jain
Temple in Gheewalon ka Rasta, Chowkri Ghat Darwaja was constructed.
Several temples and gardens including Vidhyadhar ka Bagh were built in the
narrow pass to the east of Jaipur city, presently Ghat ki Guni area. Chaugan
situated between Gangauri Bazaar and the Palace complex was built as a
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ground for fairs, like Gangaur and Teej, and elephant fights and other
sporting events.
After Death of Sawai Jai Singh II in the year 1743 on September 21, Jaipur
comprised the area of the present districts of Jaipur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Sawai
Madhopur, Tonk, Alwar and part of Bharatpur.

ISHWARI SINGH (REIGN 1743 - 1750)

In the year 1743, Ishwari Singh’s son, Jai Singh II became the ruler (reign
1743 to 1750) Ishwari Singh began construction of Isarlat of Swarga Suli to
commemorate his victory in the battle and in the year 1748, Parswanath
Digamber Jain Temple constructed.

A view of Isarlat and Tripolia Bazar from Chhoti Chaupar

MADHO SINGH I (REIGN 1752 -1767)

1752 -1754
Between the years 1750 and 1754, Madho Singh ascended the throne and
constructed the Cenotaph of Ishwari Singh in the north-west corner of the
city palace complex. This is the only Cenotaph of any Jaipur ruler within the
city, in the year 1750, Jaipur city had become an attraction for visitors, four
thousand Marathas and other sights.
1754 - 1756
Balanandi Gaddi and Sita Ram Temple constructed on a hillock in Chowkri
Purani Basti. Foundation stone of Sirmoris's Temple laid by Madho Singh I
in Acharyon ka Rasta at KishanPol Bazar.
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1764 - 1767
Indradhvaja Puja, organized by Jains of Jaipur city, held on a huge platform
constructed near Moti Dungri. during this time majority of merchants Jains
and they numbered 6, 7, 8, or 10 Jain culture and religion take place and
Madho Vilas built on the north-eastern side of Rajamal ka Talab by Madho
Singh I at ChandPol Bazar.

PRATAP SINGH (REIGN 1778 - 1803)

1785 - 1799
In the year 1785, the one and only Jain Temple Yashodanand in a main
market (Chaura Rasta) was built by Jain Bhagat Ram and Diwan Bhag Chand;
between the years 1792 to 1799, Govardhannath Temple was built abutting
Hawa Mahal in Sireh Deorhi Bazaar by Pratap Singh. Brijanand Temple was
built by Pratap Singh. Construction of Hawa Mahal, the pyramidal five-
storied in Sireh Deorhi Bazaar, originally dedicated to Radha and Krishna,
was completed. Govardhannath, Brijnidhi, Anand Krishna Bihari,
Pratapeshwar, Anandeshwar, Madan Mohan, Amrit Raghunath, Ratneshwar
Mahadev and Anand Bihari Temple were constructed.
A historical image of Hawa Mahal in Sireh Deorhi Bazar

JAGAT SINGH (REIGN 1803 - 1818)

Ascending the throne and during this Chandra Bihari Temple, near Chowk,
Jagateswar Temple on Haldiyo ka Rasta at Johari Bazaar was constructed.
Vyason ki Haveli in Chowkri Purani Basti was built Nanaji ki Haveli at the
junction of Chaura Rasta and Gopalji ka Rasta was constructed. On 2nd April
1818, Jagat Singh signed a treaty of subsidiary alliance with the British
Government.
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JAI SINGH III (REIGN 1819 -1835)

On March 18th 1821, British political Agency established in Jaipur. In the year
1825, as per Bishop Heber, the population of the city was 60,000.

RAM SINGH II (REIGN 1835 - 1880)

1840 -1879
The Ram Bagh Palace structure was built as a Guest House by Ram Singh II
(around the year, 1840) construction of a dam on Amani Shah Nala for
supply of water to Jaipur City this dam was washed away after 8-10 years.
The first Medical Dispensary for the public was opened. Maharaja's college
began as a school in Manak Chowk.
Between the years 1848 to 1866, Ram Chandra Temple, Maharaja's College,
Sanskrit College, Council Hall, the present Vidhan Sabha Bhawan, Central Jail,
Public Work Department, Postal Department (40 Post office), Telegraph
Office, Girls’ Schools, Public library, Maharaja's School of Arts constructed in
Jaipur City in the year 1868-1869. The first Church in Jaipur was constructed
Roman Catholic Church in the City and The First Railway Service was started.

A historical image of Sanskrit College

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Between the years 1869 to 1879, Ram Singh established the "Jeypore Social
Science Congress" to create consciousness regarding civic amenities among
the people. and seven banking
firms, Mayo Hospital, Ram
Niwas Bhag. Albert Hall, main
streets of Jaipur city and steam
pumps were erected the side of
the embankments is replaced
by water supply from dam, in
the year 1878 Gas supply
commenced in Jaipur. In the
year 1879, Ram Singh II built
are Theatre Hall, Ram Prakash
Natak Ghar, Khasa Kothi (Guest
House), Ram Bagh Palace
complex, Roop Niwas Palace
and Garden, the trend of green,
yellow and pink color used for
street facades but finally pink
color was adopted and
Chowkris of Jaipur city except Map of Jaipur - 1857
Chowkri Topkhana Hazuri had
developed fully.

MADHO SINGH III (REIGN 1880-1922)

1876 - 1921
Became the ruler the population of Jaipur city was 1,42,578 of which
1,25,785 lived within city walls and 16,793 lived outside. Kaiser-I-Hind
Hotel, Public library (started in 1876) irrigation projects, storage dams,
Albert Hall (Completed), Ramchandra Temple, Garh Dam three depot was
located four solid waste 1891 the population of the city increased by 11.4%
during the decade 1881-91 and became 1,58,787 of which 1,32,421 lived
within the city walls and 26,366 lived outside. The Cenotaph of Maji Jodhi Ji
was constructed at Gaitore.
During the years 1899 to 1921 the population reduced from 1,60,167 to
1,20,207; the Growth of Population reduced to 10% in the year 1901, grew
to 14.4% in 1911, 12.3% in 1921 and Prince of Wales visited Jaipur city in
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the years 1913 to 1921. Protestant Church, Coal Gas Plant (Oil Gas
substituted Coal Gas), present Government Hostel was constructed as hotel.

Government hostel building, presently the Police Commissioner’s Office

MAN SINGH II (REIGN 1922 - 1940)

1922 - 1932
Became the ruler and the State was administered by a state council (1922-
32) Municipalities of Jaipur State were reorganized and Electric Power
House constructed (January 03, 1927), in the year 1931, New Water works
scheme prepared in the twenties and in which Ram Garh Lake was used as
the source, State Women's Hospital, First Sewerage System of the Jaipur city
(1932) the population of the city was 1,44,179 in the year 1931.

SIR MIRZA ISMAIL AS DIWAN 1942

1942 - 1949
In the year 1942, Sir Mirza Ismail shifted the
main offices of the state from Jaleb Chowk to the
present Government Hostel building from 1942-
1943. Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Vegetable
Market, outside Ajmeri Gate, and a Grain and
Fruit Market, Inside Sanganeri Gate, were
constructed. the Mayo Hospital was converted
into the High Court. Improvements in the
Residency building and its staff quarters, as well
as Ram Niwas Bagh and Ram Bagh Palace.
Paving of the foot paths at Chaura Rasta and of
Map of Jaipur - 1947
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city lanes and bye-lanes was done. Improvement of the Parkotas at Ajmeri
Gate and ChandPol was done.
From 1934 to 1949, Ram Singh Palace was completed and started using it as
his chief place on residence, Ashok Club, new buildings of Maharaja's College
and Lady Willingdon Hospital were opened in the year 1936. In the year
1935, new aero-drome started construction. In the year 1938, aero-drome
building was completed and headquarters and barracks of new army unit,
Sawai Man guards, were constructed after that this stated being used as the
state secretariat in 1949. A ceremonial highway from Ajmer Road to Moti
Dungri Road, the present Mirza Ismail Road, was constructed. An approach
to Chaura Rasta from outside the walls was provided by breaking the city
wall where a procession gate, which ultimately became the New Gate, was
built in the year 1943 Maharani Gayatri Devi Girl's School was started.
Between 1945 and 1950, four major industries, National Ball Bearing Co.
Ltd., Man Industries Ltd., Jaipur Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd., and Jaipur
Metals & Electricals Ltd., were established in the year 1946. Ayurveda
Department of the Sanskrit College was shifted to Madho Vilas Palace and
the Jaipur legislative council passed the Jaipur State Primary Education Act,
when primary education was made compulsory in Jaipur city. Consequently,
primary schools were opened in every ward Lady Willingdon Hospital was
converted into Sawai Man Singh College Hospital and the foundation stone
of the Medical College building was laid in the year 1947. In the year 1949,
the University of Rajasthan was inaugurated, Sawai Man Singh Medical
College started functioning, the Rajasthan State was formed and Jaipur was
chosen became its capital.
A view of Panch Batti – MI Road
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Significant characteristics of Chronological Development of Jaipur City:

❖ The foundation of the city of Jaipur was laid down by Sawai Jai Singh II
(1700-1743) in the year 1727. The city concept was visualised by Sawai
Jai Singh II himself and further developed and monitored by his
renowned counsellor and town planner Vidhyadhar Bhattacharya.
❖ The city planned in the grid iron pattern was built with extraordinary
foresight and futuristic planning and is probably the only 18th century
walled city in India that can still cater to the present-day pressures of
vehicular traffic on roads.

A map of Walled City, Jaipur

❖ It included innovative concepts in traditional planning guidelines along

with an appropriate adaptation of the terrain itself. The direct application
of the mandala in the plan of Jaipur seems improbable, though parallels
can be found between the Jaipur planning principles and traditional texts
on spatial organization such as Rajvallabha, the regional 15th century text
written by the Sutra Dhār Mandan.
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❖ Two significant facts responsible for the origin of the city and its
subsequent layout plan were:
o The need of a new capital for 18th CE Dhoondhar as the earlier
one of Amber built on a hill was getting congested;
o Sawai Raja Jai Singh's vision of the new capital as a strong
political statement at par with Mughal cities and as thriving
trade and commerce hub for the region.
❖ The medieval towns of Rajasthan were of military, agrarian, mercantile
or religious nature. The presence of a deity marked the reference point
for the ruler's abode and the rest of the city. The name of the town was
usually associated with the political or religious centre (with the
Ambikeshwar temple in the case of Amber and with Sawai Jai Singh in the
case of Jaipur).
❖ Unlike Dausa and Amber, the two previous capital cities of the Dhoondhar
region established on hill-top, whose planning was guided by
topographical structure of the areas, Jaipur City was revolutionary both
in term of its grid-iron pattern planning and its location at the base of the
hills.
❖ There was also a significant economic shift from an agricultural base in
Dausa and Amber to trading in the capital of Jaipur.
❖ The site selected for establishing the new capital of Jaipur was a valley
located south of Amber and the plains beyond, a terrain that was the bed
of a dried lake. There used to be dense forest cover to the north and the
east of the city.
❖ The physical constraints that informed the building of Jaipur city included
the hills on the north that housed the fort of Jaigarh and the Amber palace
beyond, and the hills on the east, which contained the sacred spot of
Galtaji.

A historical view of Galta Ji Temple

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❖ To facilitate water supply to the new city, the Dravyavati river in the north
was dammed to create the Jai Sagar and Man Sagar (that later housed the
Jal Mahal) lakes. Later the Jhotwara river in the north-west was diverted
through the Amani Shah Nallah and a number of canals were channelized
through Brahmapuri and Jai Niwas to supply water to the city.
❖ The east-west axis of the town was divided by three perpendicular roads
into eight portions with the central ones of equal size and the outer ones
as per the remaining dimensions till the Chand Pol in the west and
SurajPol in the east. A sawaya (a quarter extra) system of measurement
was used in the planning and details of Jaipur, with use of dimensions that
a quarter more than a whole number.
❖ Later in the 18th and 19th centuries, there were additions in the built fabric
of the city and the palace such as the Hawa Mahal and a number of
temples added by Sawai Pratap Singh under whom the Jaipur
architectural vocabulary reached its peak in terms of stylization.
❖ Two major contributors to the city development and establishment of
modern infrastructure were Sawai Ram Singh II (1835-1879) and Sawai
Man Singh II (1922-1969).
❖ In the 19th century, with the accession of Sawai Ram Singh II, the city
extended beyond the old city walls, adapted newer modes of transport
such as the railways with a railway station located on the western
outskirts, started using gaslights on the streets and adopted modernized
drainage and piped water supply system.

A historical image of City Palace, Jaipur

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❖ There were interesting additions in the urban fabric within the walled
city with new building constructed in the Indo-Saracenic vocabulary such
as the Mubarak Mahal within the Palace Complex, the Naya Mahal or
Vidhan Sabha and the Maharaja's College in 1873 (now Rajasthan School
of Arts); and the Ramniwas Bagh that was later enhanced with the visual
focus of the monumental Albert Hall Museum to the south of the walled
city.
❖ The 20th century observed further modernization and urban renovations
within the walled city, including the restoration work of the city walls and
gates and, converting the inner temporary house in the sectors into more
permanent structures; pioneered by the famous Mirza Ismail who was
appointed as the Prime Minister of Jaipur in the early 20th century. A
number of new colonies such as the Bani Park came outside the walled
city.
❖ In the year 1947, the four largest Rajput states, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer,
Bikaner and Jaipur opted to join secular India. Jaipur then became the
capital of Rajasthan leading to further attraction of administrative and
economic activities. These factors led to increased development of
residential areas to cater to the growing population.

A historical image of Tarkeshwar Mahadev Temple, Jaipur

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2.5 Conceptual Prastara Plan for Walled City, Jaipur

Prastara plan is based on Hindu systems of town planning and followed the
principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient Indian treatise on
architecture according to this Shastra. The site should be divided into grids
or mandalas ranging from 2x 2 to 10 x 10. It is a model of town planning the
first planned city in India.

The city was planned according to the Prastara layout, which gives
prominence to the cardinal directions. Thus, plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3x3
with gridlines being the city’s main street. The central axis of the town was
laid from East to West between the gates of the Sun (SurajPol) and the Moon
(ChandPol). This was crossed by two roads at right angles dividing the town
into nine almost square, almost equally sized blocks, which were further sub
divided by lanes and alleys all at right angles.

By building the western boundary of the city right up to the hill’s southern
apex, it provided a continuous line of defence. The Mandala could not be
complete in the NW due to the presence of the hills. On the other hand, in the
SE an extra square has been added that plugged the gap between the city and
the eastern hills.

The planning at the south of the main axis road was structured as almost four
equal rectangles. The rectangle opposite the palace has been divided into
two equal and smaller rectangles by the Chaura Rasta. Thus, altogether there
are now five rectangles (Chowkris) on the south of the main road. On the
north of the main road - Purani Basti, the Palace and Ramchandraji Chowkris
exist.

Palace

Settlements

Inhabited Due
to Hillside

Vastu Purusha Prastara Plan Planning of the Chowkris

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1. RAMCHANDRASI

2. GANGAPOL

3. TALKATORA

4. TOPKHANA HAZURI

5. PURANI BASTI

6. TOPKHANA DESH

7. MODI KHANA

/ VISHESHWARJI

8. GHAT DARWAZA

9. PALACE

Shifting Chowkri 4 to South-East due to Hill Major Axis & Incorporating Chaura Rasta
on North-West

The principal bazaars lead from the western gate in the city wall, the
ChandPol bazar passes through the Tripolia Gate to the eastern city gate, the
SurajPol.

The palace building covered – two blocks, the town – six blocks; and the
remaining ninth block was not usable on account of steep hills. So, this north-
west ward was replanned to the south-east corner of the city, making the
shape of the plan as a whole; asymmetrical rather than square.

The Walled City’s division into nine Chowkris were also in conformity with
the Hindu caste system, which necessitated the segregation of people
belonging to different communities and class. Even the streets were named
after the occupations of inhabitants such as Maniharon ka Rasta, Thatheron
ka Rasta & many such others. Following the directions of the Hindu Shilpa
Shastra (Manasara), width of the main & other streets was fixed. Thus, the
main streets of the city were 111 feet wide, secondary streets 55 feet wide &
the smaller ones 27 feet wide.

A view of Johari Bazar, Walled City Jaipur

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2.6 Architectural Elements

The total period of development of Walled City is between 100 to 150 years.
The architectural style prior to the foundation of Jaipur city was basically
Indo-Saracenic with greater influence of Hindu style. The impact of Mughal
style was felt more from the year 1700 onwards. Therefore, the architectural
style of Jaipur city has more Mughal influence than that of buildings of Amer.
There was control on style of building facades especially for buildings facing
the main roads the grid iron pattern was adhered to in Chowkris, adjoining
palace complex, towards west and south, but inside the streets either east of
Chowkri Ghat Darwaja and GangaPol appear like unplanned as there is
variation in size and orientation. The style of Jaipur can be analyzed and
identified based on different building features. These are plinth, columns,
arches, openings, niches, domes. Chhajjas, Jharokhas, balconies, chattries,
roof, jalis, todas, Paintings and Frescoes, Formation of open spaces, Form of
building etc.

❖ Plinth: The plinth of buildings is generally high with mouldings at upper

level. The material of construction is stone.

Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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❖ Columns: The columns are generally having square bases and caps which
are mostly round, tapering and fluted with flattened bulbous portion at
bottom and top. The slender twin columns having tapering fluted shape
and rectangular base and cap are also prevalent. In some cases, the
columns are square or rectangular in section having no mouldings.

❖ Arches: The arches are of mainly two types, pointed arch and cusped
arch. Trefoil arch is also sometimes used. Flattened arch spanned by lintel
is also used for doorways. The origin of cusped arch is in Mughal style and
this is extensively used in Jaipur. Pointed arch and trefoil arch are also of
Mughal origin but its general shape is based on Hindu Corbelled arch.
Flattened arch is constructed by combination of bracket and lintel. True
semi-circular arch or bulbous arch is not seen in traditional Jaipur style
of architecture.
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❖ Entrances: Large opening like main entrance gates are spanned by

cusped or pointed arches. Smaller openings are spanned by stone lintels.

❖ Niches: Small niches are generally formed over the main entrance gate
where statue of Lord Ganesh is placed. Smaller niches on both sides of
main gate are provided as a part of general decoration.
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❖ Domes: Domes are generally found over Chattries, and oblong domes
(Bangaldar roof) are found over balconies, Jharokhas, baradaries etc. The
domes are also found predominantly in Jain temple and in some cases in
Hindu temples. The domes are slightly of bulbous type and are springing
from an octagonal base which in turn is generally placed over a square
base. The springing point is decorated with lotus flower and the top is
covered with a inverted lotus flower. The domes are capped by finials
made out of plaster or metal.

❖ Chhajjas: The Chhajjas are of simple slanting type made out of projected
plastered stone slabs. These are in some cases supported by stone
brackets.
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❖ Jharokhas: These are partly projected balconies covered with oblong

domes and pardiwalls on three sides and are generally fitted with small
windows or Jalis, for light and ventilation.

❖ Balconies: Balconies in traditional sense are rarely found but balconies

at roof level serving like a Baradari is frequently seen. These are mostly
observed in public buildings instead of residential houses. These are
generally open on all sides and are covered with oblong domes.
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❖ Chattries: This element has been widely used for public building where
these are placed at the roof level on four corners of building. This is
square in plan having four columns which, intern support sloping
Chhajjas and a dome over it. The dome springs from an octagonal base
placed over a square base. The dome is capped by inverted lotus and a
finial at the top.

❖ Roof: As the stone is easily available the roof is made of stone slabs. The
flat roof thus constructed is covered with lime concrete, surkhi etc. Ceiling
is beautifully painted in some cases.
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❖ Jalis: The Jalis are either made out of lime mortar or stone. The Jalis are
fixed to cover small openings over doors or windows, in certain cases as
panels in walls or as a part of railing in Jharokhas etc. In a few cases
coloured glass pieces are fitted in small Jalis (placed above windows)
which create an interesting pattern.

❖ Todas or Brackets: The brackets have been used to support Chhajjas,

balconies, lintel beams etc. These are generally made of stone slabs cut to
form a cusped shape. Sometimes skill fully moulded brackets are used to
support balconies.
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❖ Paintings, Frescoes and Araish: Frescoes of golden colours and other

colours depicting flowers and creepers tec. are donning over the main
gates of Havelis, Temples etc. These are also done in verandas facing open
courtyards and rooms in some cases. Lines of lime are generally drawn
on the external face of building to remove monotonous effect or to divide
the spaces to create an effect of arch, opening etc. This is traditionally a
Mughal style. Araish is a type of lime plaster done generally on walls and
sometimes used for flooring also. Araish is done by plastering the mixture
of finely sieved slaked lime with marble powder on wall which is
subsequently rubbed with "copra" coconut to give a smooth and shining
surface. This is sometimes decorated with painting of flowers creepers
etc.

❖ Open Courtyards: The open courtyard is surrounded by Verandah and

row of rooms. Thus, it provides enough sun-light and ventilation to
residents but still it provided privacy which was greatly emphasised upon
there were generally two courtyards where one was commonly shared by
male members and outsiders and other was exclusively for females due
to introvert social conditions.
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❖ Construction Materials: The construction technique changed a little.

The material used were more or less same like use of sand, lime, stone
marble and use of stone Jalis or plaster Jalis and stone door window
frames with wooden panels.
❖ Construction Techniques & Methods: The construction techniques
always depend on the availability of building materials, skill, knowledge
of craftsman and design of building etc. In case of Jaipur random rubble
stone masonry or dressed stone masonry is used for construction of
walls. The columns and lintels are of dressed stone. The Jalis are carved
out of stone or made of lime mortar. The roof is flat and is supported by
walls or stone beams.
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CHAPTER 3: BROAD LAND USE

3.1 Walled City Chowkris
The planned nine-square Chowkris are a grid defined by the main streets
running north-south and east-west. Area of nine Chowkris on the basis of
GIS mapping are given in the table below:
S. No. Name of Chowkri Size (In Mts) Area (in
(Dimensions) hectare)
1. Chowkri Ram Chandra Ji 720 X 880 64.40
2. Chowkri Ghat Darwaja 800 X 800 68.10
3. Chowkri Topkhana Desh 800 X 900 74.68
4. Chowkri Topkhana Desh Hazuri 800 X 1000 84.66
5. Chowkri GangaPol 800 X 515 54.48
6. Chowkri Sarhad (Royal Precincts) 900 X 1200 43.57
7. Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji 800 X 400 35.00
8. Chowkri Modikhana 800 X 400 35.00
9. Chowkri Purani Basti 800 X 1420 113.60
Total Walled City Area (1665.50 acre) 674.00
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Out of nine Chowkris, detailed land use of two Chowkris namely Chowkri
Modikhana and Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji is shown in plans below:
3.1.1 Chowkri Modikhana

Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji
Chaupar
Chhoti

Topkhana
Chowkri

Ajmeri Gate
Desh
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3.1.2 Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji

Chaupar
Badi

Darwaja
Chowkri
Ghat

Sanganeri
Gate
Modikhana
Chowkri
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3.2 Existing Land Use

The Walled City was originally planned and built with the concept of a
modern city that has characteristics of residential; mix; commercial use;
public spaces & utility areas; green and open chowks; recreational areas, etc.
Since its inception in the 18th CE, the form and shape of the city have
remained more or less intact, however the character has transformed over
the time. Contrary to the original design of residential clusters in the interior
of each block and market along the roadside, the use of land/buildings have
continuously been evolving to increasing commercialization & decline in
residential use.

Table - Generalized Existing Land-Use: Walled City Jaipur

S. No. Existing Land Use Area (in ha) Percentage
(%)
1. Residential 418.03 62
2. Commercial
17.92 2.7
3. Religious 0.64 0.1
4. Industrial 0.58 0.1
5. Public/ Semi-Public
37.71 5.6
6. Tourist Facilities 0.29 0.04
7. Governmental 4.21 0.6
8. Recreational 12.77 1.9
9. Parks & Open Spaces
4.44 0.66
10. Circulation 66.22 9.8
11. Public Utilities 5.35 0.8
12. Water Bodies
6.09 0.9
13. Mixed 99.76 14.8
Total 674 100
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Generalized Existing Land-Use (Source: DOIT, RAJ)

3.3 Land Use Characteristics in Walled City Area

3.3.1 Residential
The residential land-use was either integrated with shop(s) or small-scale
workshops (mostly related with arts and crafts) or buildings of public use
like temples, library, hotels, etc.
Features of the enclosed palace environs are echoed in private residential
sectors, where the basic unit is that of a haveli, a building with multiple floor
and rooms facing an inner courtyard or a system of courtyards (sometimes
as many as seven). The haveli design was developed to contend with the
extreme climate and to satisfy socio-cultural requirements. Together, the
havelis are accessible only from narrow alleys and they form densely built
residential complexes, the slopes of which are determined by the layout of
the larger streets. Such a complex is known as a Mohalla; in addition to
dwellings, it contains a number of artisan workshops and a religious
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building. Each Mohalla typically accommodates about 40 to 50 residential

buildings, which makes them a cohesive social and cultural sub-group.
Most of the havelis and old houses were constructed on the basis of Vastu
Shastra where the central portion of a haveli was kept open in a square
shape. A similar pattern is observed in big havelis where two or more square
chowks exist. Entries of these havelis are mostly in the center having large-
arched gates and curtain walls. Few of the major residential streets
connected to the main bazars have been converted to commercial use.

Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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3.3.2 Commercial
Originally, only four Bazars were built in the walled city area which were
recognized as Johari Bazar, Sireh Deorhi Bazaar, KishanPol Bazar and
Gangauri Bazar. The traditional bazars located within the walled city area
are predominantly involved in wholesale and retail trading. During the time
when they were planned, each block of the bazaar had a precise number of
shops lining the streets and each rectangular block was designed for a
particular craft or trading product.
The shops were designed to be single storied with terraces on top so that
people could view processions on the street from these terraces. Earlier
there was a NatyaShala during the royal period which was converted into a
theatre named Ram Prakash which is not functioning anymore. One more
cinema was established near New Gate namely Prem Prakash Cinema which
is now called Golcha. Few large houses are also functioning as a wholesale
retail or specialized markets which are Purohit ji ka Katla, Aatish Market,
Dhula House, Raisar Plaza, etc. A branch of State Bank of India exists in
Chaura Rasta.
Jaipur is famous for its art and crafts. A few items popular among shoppers
are: Block printed fabrics, handmade miniature paintings, Jaipur Razai –
quilts, blue pottery, Mojaris & Juttis, Carpets (rugs & Durries), Marble statutes,
Brass items, Sanganeri Bed Sheets & dress materials, Kundan Meena & Jadau
jewelry.
Table – Details of Important Bazars
S. No. Name of Bazar Location Road Width (in Mts)
North-South
1. KishanPol Bazar Ajmeri Gate to Chhoti Chaupar 30.40
2. Gangauri Bazar Chhoti Chaupar to Shivaji Chowk 30.31
3. Chaura Rasta New Gate to Tripolia Bazar 30.43
4. Johari Bazar Sanganeri Gate to Badi Chaupar 28.08
5. Sireh Deorhi Bazar Badi Chaupar to Kale Hanuman Ji Temple 34.91
6. Ghat Darwaja Bazar Ghat Gate to Ramganj Chaupar 25.05
East-West
7. ChandPol Bazar ChandPol to Chhoti Chaupar 32.42
8. Tripolia Bazar Chhoti Chaupar to Badi Chaupar 33.45
9. Ramganj Bazar Badi Chaupar to Ramganj 30.07
10. SurajPol Bazar Ramganj to SurajPol 24
Other Markets*
11. Sanjay Market Ghat Gate to Sanganeri Gate 14
12. Bapu Bazar Sanganeri Gate to New Gate 16
13. Nehru Bazar New Gate to Ajmeri Gate 16
14. Indira Bazar Ajmeri Gate to Kalyan Ji ka Rasta 10
15. Subhash Chowk Bazar Kale Hanumanji Temple to Char Darwaja 22
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*These markets were developed along the city wall; east-west to rehabilitate
refugees who migrated from Pakistan due to partition of the country.
Initially they had occupied temporary cabins in Johari Bazar and in other
markets.
Table –Important Commercial Activities in these Bazars
S. No. Name of Bazar Important Commercial Activities
1. Johari Bazar Gemstones, Jewellery, Traditional Dresses, Souvenirs,
Arts & Crafts
2. Purohitji Ka Katla Wholesale Market
3. KishanPol Bazar Cycles, Ayurveda Medicine, Masalas, Household
Appliances, Service Related
4. Chaura Rasta Books, Eye Glasses, Jaipur Razai (Quilts), Stationary,
Fast Food
5. Tripolia Bazar Hardware, paints, construction items, utensils, fast
food, arts & crafts, souvenirs
6. ChandPol Bazar Dry-fruits & Masalas, clothes & apparel, household
perishables
7. Maniharon ka Rasta Lac Bangles, General Stores
8. Khajane Waalo ka Rasta Marble-Stone Idols & Statues
9. Nahargarh ka Rasta Cosmetics & Gift Items, Timber/ Plywood Market
10. Sireh Deorhi Bazar Block-printed Bedsheets, Jutis, Brass Chandeliers,
Leather Items, Jewellery Stones, Wooden Blocks,
Traditional Dresses

11. Bapu Bazar Readymade Garments

12. Laalji Saand ka Rasta Wholesale/ Retail Markets for Sarees & Garments
13. Haldiyon ka Rasta Jewellery & Kites
14. Gangauri Bazar Handicrafts, household perishables, clothes & apparel
15. Subhash Chowk General Retail Shops
16. Moti Katla General Market
17. Bhindewalon ka Rasta Storage (Go-downs) & Manufacturing
18. Sonkiyon ka Rasta Storage (Go-downs) & Manufacturing
19. Khuteton Ka Rasta Storage (Go-downs) & Manufacturing
20. Dinanath Ka Rasta Retail/ Wholesale Outlets for Dry Fruits & Kirana Items
21. Bordi ka Kua ka Rasta Sanitary Fittings/ Steel Pipes
22. Aatish Market Hardware/ Sanitary Fittings/ Building Materials
23. Thateron ka Rasta Iron Utensils
24. Laalji Sunar ka Rasta Ladies Shoes
25. Dada Market General Market
26. Vidhyadhar Ji ka Rasta Mahant Ji Ki Haveli – Shopping Complex
27. Nataniyon ka Rasta SGM House – Shopping Complex
28. Soothleewalon ka Rasta Mahavir Complex
29. Telipadon ka Rasta Sunny Arcade – Shopping Complex
30. Ramlal Ji ka Rasta Ratna Shree House – Shopping Complex, Iron Trunks
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3.3.3 Mixed Use

Various commercial, professional and other activities are taking place in
residential areas, in other words; non-residential activities have come up in
residential areas. These can be categorized as Mixed Land use activities.
These can be listed out as under:
1. Vegetables Fruits / Flowers 14. Sweet Shop/ Tea Stall without
2. Bakery / Confectionary sitting arrangement
3. Kirana / General Store 15. Chemist Shop/ Clinic/
4. Dairy Products Dispensary/ Pathology Lab
5. Stationary/ Books/ Gifts/ Book 16. Optical Shop
Binding 17. Tailoring Shop
6. Photostat/ Fax 18. Electrical/ Electronic Repair
7. Cyber Café/ Call Phone booths Shop
8. LPG Booking office/ Showroom 19. Photo Studio
without LPG Cylinders 20. DTH Operation
9. Atta Chakki 21. Hosiery/ Readymade garments/
10. Meat/ Poultry and Fish Shop Cloth Shop
11. Paan Shop 22. ATM
12. Barber Shop/ Hairdressing 23. Cycle Repair Shop
Salon/ Beauty Parlour 24. Ration Shop
13. Laundry/ Dry Cleaning/ Ironing
Indeed, this is a need of present living pattern. In walled city areas most of
the rastas, connecting to main/ major roads have gradually changed from
majorly residential use to mixed land use. Few rastas have prominent
activities such as selling of particular goods in the streets; for e.g. - sarees
shops can be seen in large number in Lal ji Saand ka Rasta; masalas in
Partaniyon ka Rasta; Dry fruits in Dinanath Ka Rasta; besides other shops
are in lesser numbers.
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Advantage of Mixed Land Use is that it allows access to variety of commercial

activities in the proximity of the residences and reduces the need of
commuting from one place to another for purchasing goods. But at the same
time, it needs to be regulated in better ways to manage the associated
adverse impact related to congestion, pollution, noise, pressure on available
social amenities and infrastructure. Proper guidelines can be framed and
small shops of maximum 20 sq. mts. can be allowed on ground floor and
consequently residential on upper floors.
All activities involving any kind of obnoxious, hazardous, inflammable, high-
noise, gaseous, non-computable and polluting substances or process and
activities shall not be permitted in the Mixed Land Use.

Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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3.3.4 Religious
The city has numerous temples with Govind Devji temple as the centre.
Historical records mention more than 600 temples in Jaipur. Even today, the
important temples with shikharas can be observed at four most important
locations in the city along the cardinal axis, i.e., Laxmi Narayan Temple at
Badi Chaupar, Rama Temple at Chhoti Chaupar, Murli Manohar Temple at
Ramganj Chaupar and the Kalika Temple opposite main Sireh Deorhi
entrance to the palace.
Each Mohalla (cluster of houses) has its own temple presided over by the
deity most appropriate to their prosperity and protection. There are 187
other religious buildings including 3 mosques. Most of the remaining
temples inside the walled city have been built in haveli style without
shikharas.

Nahargarh
Fort Manasagar Lake

Murali Manohar

Ajmeri
Gate

MI Road

Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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A bird’s eye view of Birla Mandir and Moti Doongri

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3.3.5 Industrial/ Handicrafts

Walled City Jaipur is a primarily residential and commercial area where no
major industrial activities exist. Only household / small processing and
manufacturing units are functioning in narrow streets of the walled city.
In Royal State period, there were 36 karkhanas performing different
activities / services for Royal Families and state community. These
industries are mainly brass, moorti-kala, printing, precious stones & gems,
finishing units, etc. Such industrial activities are creating congestion in the
vicinity areas while bringing raw materials & sending finished products.
Most of these industries have been shifted outside walled city area and their
old premises are now being used as go-downs and distribution centres.

Source: Distinctive Blue Pottery in Walled City Jaipur; www.tripsavvy.com

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3.3.6 Public / Semi-Public

S. No. Town Hall/ Public Spaces Location

1. Sawai Man Singh Town Hall Sireh Deorhi – Originally it was known
(Old Vidhan Sabha) as the Naya Mahal. It was renamed as
Sawai Man Singh Town Hall in 1940s.
Post-Independence, the building has
been under the Govt. of Rajasthan.
2. Jaleb Chowk: Jaleb Chowk It is one of the grandest historic public
bordered by a variety of Palace spaces in the walled city. Historically,
Offices. it was used as a parade ground. The
building is a unique example of Indo-
Sarasenic Architecture. Jaleb Chowk
served as an attendance Chowk
accommodating all the state
paraphernalia required on the
occasion of State processions.
3. Albert Hall Museum (Buffer The Albert Hall Museum is the oldest
Area) museum in Jaipur, Rajasthan. It is
situated in the Ram Niwas Garden.
Built-in the year 1876, it was initially
planned to be a concert hall. It
resembles the architecture of the
Victoria and Albert Hall Museum
in London, so, the name. Also known
as the Government Central Museum, it
is a standing example of the Indo-
Sarasenic architecture.
4. Libraries Govt. Maharaja Public Library
(Tripolia Gate), Eklavya Library (Near
Shivaji Chowk)
5. NIA (National Institute of Jorawar Singh Gate
Ayurveda)
6. Gangauri Hospital Gangauri Bazar
7. Moti Katla Dispensary Moti Katla
8. Dhanwantri Aushadhalaya Johari Bazar
9. Janana Hospital Janana Hospital outside the ChandPol
Gate
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10. Mahila Chikitsalaya Janana Hospital outside the Sanganeri

Gate
11. GangaPol Hospital GangaPol
12. Govt. Dispensaries Sireh Deorhi, Purani Basti, Topkhana
Hazuri, Topkhana Desh, Moti Katla,
GangaPol
13. Zoo/ Bird Park Located in Ram Niwas Garden
14. Cremation & Burial Grounds ChandPol, Ghat Gate, Gaitore
15. Rajasthan School of Arts Established in 1986, the building
(Museum of Legacy) represents a unique blend of
traditional and Victorian style of
architecture with decorative features
such as; Araish, Arches, Wall Paintings
& murals, Brackets & Sculptures
16. Darbar School Topkhana ka Rasta
17. Govt. Schools Manak Chowk School (Badi Chaupar),
Ramganj Chaupar, Maharaja School
(Chhoti Chaupar), Netaji Subhash
Senior Secondary School (Subhash
Chowk), Senior Secondary School
(Moti Katla),

Under this land use all social infrastructures are considered. These are
Educational, Medical & Health, Social, Cultural, Religious, Government and
Public Offices, Heritage and Conservation. At the princely State time all these
facilities were provided in walled city area.
Main educational institutions are Maharaja School, Rajasthan School of Arts
& Crafts, Darbar School, Sanskrit School/ College. All India Institute of
Ayurveda is an apex institute of Ayurveda in the country which is located
near Jorawar Singh Gate also known as the Madho-Vilas Palace Area.
Amar Jain Hospital in Chaura Rasta is managed by a charitable society. In
the state time, few healthcare centres were established outside the walled
city and these were Zanana Hospital (new and old), Maharaja college,
Maharani College, church.
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3.3.7 Parks and Open Spaces

Green and open spaces are lacking in the walled city area. Since, inception of
original design of Jaipur walled city, a provision of chowks was equally made
and distributed in all nine Chowkris. These chowks are used for multi-
purpose activities. It is observed that in due course original chowks are
encroached upon and reduced to smaller sizes.
Khandas along the Chaupars were designed for multipurpose activities.
Now, these Khandas have been encroached upon by various vendors & some
Khandas are used by the underground metro. Khandas abetting outside the
main gates (Poles) are also being encroached upon.
100-year-old pictures of Walled City show beautiful rows of trees which
have now vanished and now only a few Bargad (Banyan) and Pipal trees still
exist in major markets. Majority of trees fallen are not replanted or few are
purposely damaged by miscreants.
Details of some parks & open spaces located in the walled city area is
shown in the table below:

S. No. Gardens & Open Spaces Location

1. Ram Niwas Garden Along MI Road, just in front of New

Gate

2. Agrasen Park Subhash Chowk

3. Chaugan Stadium Gangauri Bazar

4. Paundrik Park North to Talkatora Lake

5. City Palace Garden City palace

6. Jai Niwas Udhyan (Govind Behind Govind Devji Temple

Devji Temple)

7. Mahaveer Park Chowkri Vishveshwar Ji

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3.3.8 Circulation and Transportation

Hierarchy of Roads: The major road east west was 111 feet wide and
further roads of similar width running north south are used to form sectors.
Further divisions within sector were made by 33 feet and 11 feet wide roads.
The distance between sub-sector roads obviously depends upon plot sizes
and thus in the south eastern sector where Kshatriyas and traders resided
the distance between roads are larger due to larger plot sizes. But in case of
western sectors where the artisans resided the distances between sub-
sector roads are lesser as plot sizes are smaller.

Transportation is a life line of any town; thus, it is highly significant. It

enables the movement of people and goods from one place to another place.
Walled City was designed only for traditional means of transport like tongas,
ekka, bullock carts, and carts moved by the force of other animals.
In the past few years, a drastic change is observed in the transportation
system. Jaipur Walled City today has a dense population, where multifarious
activities are creating traffic problems, i.e., congestion, noise & air pollution,
slow speed, delay in movement, etc. Mini city buses, rickshaws, e-rickshaws,
autos and cabs are providing services which are totally unorganised.
Continuous growth in population and resulting increasing demand for urban
infrastructure has led to a situation of congestion, clutter and decay in the
urban areas today, more specifically in old or walled cities that have limited
space for supply of services.

Hierarchy of Roads

1. 3.0 – 5.0
2. 5.5 – 10.0
3. 11.0 – 20.0
4. 21.0 – 40.0
5. 45.0 – 60.0
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3.3.9 Public Utilities

Public utilities are essential services for the healthy living of a community
which plays a vital role in the social and economic development of a city. This
category includes utilities catering to the public such as water supply, power,
sewerage, fire-fighting services, solid waste management, communication
services and their physical infrastructures. For Walled City Area, the
concerning departments are responsible for providing these services.

S. No. Public Utilities Location

1. Doodh Mandi Subhash Chowk
2. Petrol Pumps Walled City - Subhash Chowk,
Buffer Area - Ajmeri Gate, Sanganeri Gate,
Jorawar Singh Gate, Ghat Gate
3. Fire Station Ghat Gate
4. Mandis (Vegetables, Fruits, Grains) Spread out all-over Walled City
5. Manak Chowk Police Station Badi Chaupar
6. Ramganj Police Station Ramganj Chaupar
7. Kotwali Police Station Chhoti Chaupar
8. Post Office Tripolia Bazar
9. ChandPol Bazar Sub Post Office ChandPol Gate
10. Subhash Chowk Police Station Subhash Chowk
11. Central Jail Near Ghat Gate
12. BSNL Office Near Ghat Gate

Water Supply and Electricity:

❖ Water supply was introduced in the 19th CE in the Walled City Area.
The traditional baoris and wells were distributed in all nine Chowkris,
mostly community-based wells were in use for a long time but
presently only 68 wells and stepwells are in use out of 800 wells.
❖ Chaupars were used as a source of potable water and the water
connectivity was very systematically designed in state era. Due to
increase in population, for additional water supply, Ramgarh Dam was
a source of water for Jaipur Walled City since 1931. Due to paucity of
water in the dam, a new source, i.e., Bisalpur Dam began supplying
water in 2009.
❖ The first Public Electricity system was introduced in Jaipur in the year
1927. The power sector in Rajasthan gathered momentum after the
formation of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) on July 01,
1957, and planned growth in installed capacity, transmission network
and rural electrification took place.
❖ Presently, overhead wires and cables are causing nuisance and
sometimes can be dangerous in the rainy season. It is also creating
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scenic disruption in the Walled City Area. Today, most of the electric
lines are put underground but their control switch board system
installed near footpaths.

Solid Waste:
❖ Solid Waste Management System is an essential service for any urban
centre. The Walled City of Jaipur has door to door solid waste
collection service. This work is entrusted to a private company who
provides collection to dumping services for all major bazars and
streets.
❖ The collected waste is taken to dumping sites and transfer stations
along the Agra Road/ Delhi Road where the waste is segregated.
❖ Traditionally, scavenging waste from the houses were into Gandi Gali
(Sewer Lane), now these are reconstructed by Jaipur Smart City
Limited (JSCL) under Smart City Projects.

Sewerage and Drainage:

❖ To overcome the choking of the sewerage systems, NNJH has installed
latest technology-based sensor systems which is controlled by
centralized centre, cleanliness is possible as the data centre receives
signal from particular duct or manhole.
❖ A Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) was established long back on
Brahmapuri Nalla near Jal Mahal. Still, the cleanliness and sweeping
are a burning issue in the Walled City area which needs to be properly
addressed and managed by the NNJH.
❖ Drainage is a major issue in the Walled City Area. Main ChandPol
Market acts as a ridge and water flows from north to south direction.
❖ The rainwater accumulates in a few areas leading to local floods. Old
drainage system is not functional as it was damaged at many places in
the past few years, therefore, causing drainage problems in the rainy
season.
Fire Fighting Services:
❖ Fire-fighting services are essential for protecting and safeguarding
people from fire hazards, old building collapses and other unforeseen
emergencies.
❖ For the Walled City Area, Ghat Gate Fire Station is in close proximity.
This activity is performed by Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage (NNJH),
under the Chief Fire Office (CFO) who is the incharge of the fire brigade
vehicles and trained employees with latest machines.
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Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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3.3.10 Water Bodies

Water being scarce in the region, indigenous methods for effective water
collection have evolved. The city has a unique water system with network of
wells and stepwells. The surface water bodies of Talkatora, Jai Sagar, Man
Sagar (Jal Mahal Lake) and Ramgarh Lake were important features in the city
plan. Talkatora was the central water body around which Govind Devji
temple and the Palace was developed. Water structures such as stepped
wells or baories were important elements in the urban fabric. The city
squares, Badi Chaupar and Chhoti Chaupar also had water bodies (closed in
the 19th century). In the centre of each Chaupar, a square enclosure with
ornamental fountains was developed for social use. Fountains were
connected by underground aqueducts, supplying numerous sources of
drinking water at street level. In the mohallas, the community wells are the
source of water. There are approximately 68 wells and stepwells in use.
Details of important water bodies:
S. No. Water Bodies Location

1. Talkatora Lake Near Govind Devji Temple

2. Manasagar Lake (Jal Mahal Lake) Outside Walled City (Buffer Area)

3. RajaMal ka Talaab Inside Walled City – disappeared due to

urban extension

4. Santosh Sagar Outside Walled City (now vanished due to

construction) – disappeared due to urban
extension (Buffer Area)

5. Galta Ji Kunds (2 – Janana & Outside Walled City – It is a perennial source

Mardana Kunds) of water and also a religious place (Buffer
Area)

6. Wells 800 within the Walled City

7. Panna Meena ka Kund Amber

8. Maota Lake Amber

9. Sagar Lake Amber

Major water reservoirs replenish the ground water all around the city and numerous public
wells dug within the city for watering stock. There were 800 wells within the city, of which
only a few are still in use.
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Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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3.3.11 Recreational
This Land use is essential for Human Pleasure and Peace. This use consists
of diverse functions like parks, playground, sports complex, green buffer
areas, etc. In the Walled City Area, a number of chowks and small parks were
developed in every Chowkri. Jai Niwas, Chaugan Stadium, Paundrik Park,
Mahaveer Park are the main parks of Walled City Area.
Ramniwas Garden was also developed outside the Walled City Area along
M.I. Road serving as a regional park and having a treasure of large number
of trees and various species of plants. It also had a zoo and a museum in
splendid masterpiece of a building known as the Albert Hall Museum built in
the year 1887. Smart City is developing a new Sports Complex in Chaugan
Stadium Area.
3.3.12 Governmental
Since Jaipur was a princely state, the then ruler had established various
departmental offices of their needs in that period. In the present time few
offices are located in the Walled City Area which deals with walled city or
nearby wards of the city.
The Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage (NNJH) office is located behind the Hawa
Mahal, which was earlier the old Police Headquarters. In the same area, the
Pension office is also located in Shardul Singh Ji ki Naal. JVVNL office is also
located in Tripolia Bazar.
3.3.13 Tourist Facilities
Walled City Area is an important tourist destination of the world. Around
3000 internationals as well as local tourists visit the city every day. Indian
tourists also visit the walled city in large number throughout the year and
foreign tourists mostly visit the city during the winter season. A building
specially dedicated for tourist services was recently constructed by JDA on
Jaipur architectural style in the Chaura Rasta which is not presently in use.
Some major hotels in the Walled City Area are Hind Hotel (presently not in
use), Vijay Palace (a heritage hotel located in Ghat Gate Chowkri), some
havelis and guest houses (being used as paying guests), etc. which cater to
the tourists. These are insufficient to cater to the tourist population.
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CHAPTER 4: INITIATIVES ON UNESCO COMMITMENTS

4.1 ABOUT UNESCO

UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization. It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in
education, sciences and culture. UNESCO's programs contribute to the
achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in the 2030
Agenda, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015. UNESCO fosters
scientific programs and policies as platforms for development and
cooperation.

4.2 UNESCO Inscription Journey – Pink City, Jaipur

2010 – Jantar Mantar 2013 – Amber Hills Fort

2015 – Creative City of 2019 – Jaipur World

Craft & Folk Art Heritage City
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4.3 (07) COMMITMENTS BY UNESCO

1. Special Area Heritage Plan (SAHP);
2. Detailed Heritage Inventory;
3. Legal Protection;
Prof. Minja Yang Mr. Paul Trouilloud
4. Management System;
5. Heritage Impact Assessments;
6. Detailed Monitoring Program;
7. Interpretation and Tourism Plan.
Ms. Junhi Han

TEAM
4.4 ACTIONS TAKEN
On the basis of the above commitments outlined by UNESCO, the
Government of Rajasthan and Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage (NNJH) took the
following initiatives.
4.4.1 Special Area Heritage Plan (SAHP);
❖ As per the decision taken in the Jaipur MDP 2025, a Special Area
Heritage Development Plan (SAHDP) is to be prepared in detail
covering all aspects and the vision/ policy document. In view of
the above, the draft report is prepared and will be placed for
public domain to invite valuable suggestions from concerned
departments and public.
❖ SAHP is being prepared in detail by DRONAH and they have
initiated the structure and chapterisation of SAHP and will be
submitting the SAHP sections for Two Chowkris by May, 2022
including feedback of UNESCO Workshop on surveys and
proposals.

4.4.2 Detailed Heritage Inventory;

❖ Detailed Heritage Inventory for Two major Chowkris out of 9
has been almost prepared by the INTACH team. This would be
submitted to the UNESCO Officials in the 1st week of April.
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4.4.3 Legal Protection;

a. Jaipur Nagar Nigam Heritage (Walled City) Heritage
Conservation & Protection Byelaws - 2020 for walled city area
were notified in the Rajasthan Gazette in the year 2020.
b. Nagar Nigam Jaipur Heritage has notified the following
guidelines under the provisions of Byelaws in February, 2022:
i. Architectural Control Guidelines
✓ Guidelines for Main Bazars
✓ Terrace of Corridors
✓ Architectural Features
✓ Addition of Physical Infrastructure or services
✓ Façade colors and material palette
✓ Architectural details & ornamentation
✓ Signage Guidelines
✓ Streetscapes
✓ Internal Streets/ Chowkris
ii. Guidelines for Heritage Impact Assessments
✓ HIA Framework for all projects in the walled
city
✓ Engagement with a 3rd Party Consultant
✓ Structure of Heritage Impact Assessment
Note: All Annexures, related graphics, photographs, forms, etc. shall
be available to view with the Heritage Cell, Nagar Nigam Jaipur
Heritage.
Annexures: All Annexures shall be treated as part of the Guidelines.
✓ Signage Templates.
✓ Color Palette.
✓ Graphical Representation of Architectural Control
Guidelines.
✓ Urban Toolkit.
✓ Application to be submitted by Executing Agency regarding
any new project within Walled City.
✓ Form to be filled by Heritage Cell in response to application
submitted by Executing Agency.
✓ Map showing boundary of UNESCO World Heritage Site or
Jaipur City and buffer zone.
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4.4.4 Heritage Management System;

Three committees at various levels have been constituted for the
better monitoring of Heritage issues & matters:
a. State Heritage Committee
b. Technical Heritage Committee
c. Heritage Cell in NNJH
i. City Stakeholder Group/ City Core Group
ii. Members to be called as special invitees as and when
required
iii. Categorization and classification of Heritage Assets
iv. Inventorying, mapping & valuation of heritage assets
v. Heritage Databank

a. State Heritage Committee - The composition of the State

Heritage Committee is defined in building byelaws. This
committee is headed by Chief Secretary, Government of
Rajasthan along with other members.
The main role of the committee will be to coordinate amongst
various different departments/agencies and to facilitate,
approve and sanction various plans and proposals to administer
the heritage fund and other activities.
Government has already issued the order of above committee.
b. Technical Heritage Committee (THC) – The composition of
THC is defined in building byelaws. This committee would be
headed by Chief Town Planner, Government of Rajasthan along
with other members.
The above committee was constituted vide order no F.13() DC
Planning/NNJ/2019/SP-1 dated 22.02.2019. Roles &
responsibilities of the THC is also defined in building byelaws.
c. Heritage Cell - The composition of Heritage Cell is defined in
building byelaws. This committee would be headed by
Additional Chief Town Planner, Heritage Cell, NNJH along with
other members.
The above committee was constituted vide order no F.13() DC
Planning/NNJ/2019/SP-2 dated 22.02.2019. Roles &
responsibilities of the Heritage Cell is also defined in building
byelaws.
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i. City Stakeholder Group/ City Core Group – A city

stakeholder group would be constituted by the NNJH. The
stakeholder group formation process is defined in the
building byelaws.
ii. Members to be called as special invitees as and when
required – Representatives from various fields who are
professionals in their task can be invited as a member.
iii. Categorization and classification of Heritage Assets –
The grading of listed Heritage Properties is prepared by
NNJH in accordance with the following grades:
• Grade I – National Importance/ ASI or State
Department of Archaeology protected and other
similar heritage assets
• Grade II – State Importance/ State owned & other
similar heritage assets
• Grade III – Local importance/ private properties &
other similar heritage assets
(Details of the above categories such as Definition,
objectives, scope for changes, procedure &
vistas/surrounding development is detailed out in the
building byelaws)
iv. Inventorying, mapping & valuation of heritage assets
– The process of GIS based inventorying, mapping &
valuation of all properties and heritage assets within the
walled city area will be carried out by the Heritage Cell
and designated agency/ stakeholder.
v. Heritage Databank – The Heritage Cell shall compile all
heritage assets along with data connected therewith.
4.4.5 Heritage Impact Assessments;
Guidelines for Heritage Impact Assessment have been prepared by
NNJH and being notified. A heritage impact assessment involves a
structure process to make sure that when a project is proposed,
responsible parties take the significance of the historic attributes into
account while developing and designing the proposals. It results in a
report which also contains mitigation measures which may be applied
to ensure that the proposal under consideration contains an analysis
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of the short term and long-term consequences of the proposals, either

positive or negative, with an aim to preserve the heritage resources.
4.4.6 Detailed Monitoring Program;
DRONAH has to provide the structure as per UNESCO format and will
submit it to the concerned by the end of March to be reviewed by
UNESCO Experts and finalized.
4.4.7 Interpretation and Tourism Plan
SAHP is being prepared by DRONAH which will include the detailed
aspects of interpretation and tourism plan.

4.5 OTHER INITIATIVES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT AND NNJH

Some other initiatives taken by the Government of Rajasthan and Nagar
Nigam Jaipur Heritage (NNJH) include:
4.5.1 Grant of Building Permission in the Conservation Area
❖ NNJH has prepared detailed checklists, revised application /
inventory forms and guidelines for grant of building
permissions in the walled city area.
❖ Detailed building parameters and control guidelines have been
defined in the building byelaws, such as setbacks, heights, built-
up area ratio (BAR), ground coverage, façade control, building
material, color & architectural elements.
4.5.2 Creation of Heritage Fund
❖ Grant by the State Government, contributors, aids or donations
from the various Central Government, National or International
agencies, Non-Government Organizations, agencies or
associations, trusts, societies, individuals, contributions from
any person or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) fund may
contribute to the creation of Heritage Fund.
❖ This fund shall be dedicated to heritage conservation,
administrative fund and maintenance fund, expenses incurred in
carrying out the purposes of the Byelaws including the payment
of allowances to the Non-Government Members of the
committees, payment of salaries and allowances to the Heritage
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Conservation Experts, etc. can be funded from this

administrative fund.
❖ The Heritage Fund shall be administered by the State Heritage
Committee as per the procedure laid down.
❖ The Chief Minister, Government of Rajasthan, has announced to
provide Rs. 10 Cr. (100 million) as seed capital for the
conservation and restoration of UNESCO World Heritage City -
Jaipur.
4.5.3 Conservation and Urban Renewal Initiatives in Walled
City & Buffer Area, Jaipur: 1985 - 2022

S. Organization
Walled City Renewal Initiatives Year Outcome
No. Responsible
Study of Heritage Buildings within Ford Foundation Identified 300 building for
1. 1985
walled city and JDA conservation
Avas Vikas Sansthan
Conservation and Restoration works on Proposals were made but
2. 1995 and Department of
heritage structures not executed
Tourism
Master Plan-2011
1998-
3. (Specified building byelaws for the JDA Further Revised
2011
walled city)
Initiated Special Area
MDP 2025 indicated Walled City Area as 2011-
4. JDA Heritage Development Plan
Special Area (2011-25) 2025
– 2041
Operation Pink, removal of
JMC All verandahs of Main
encroachments from Verandah of Main
5. 2001 (Jaipur Municipal Market are now free from
Market of the walled city as per High
Corporation) encroachments
Court Orders
Heritage walks in the Chowkri
6. 2001 INTACH and JVF Walks continued by JVF
Modikhana
The Asian Development Bank project of
Infrastructure - Reuse of wells and
7. 2001 ADB & JNN Some works were executed
repair work in the walled
city/installation of sewage pipes
Restoration of Panna Meena Kund, 2002- RUIDP
8. Successfully Executed
Amer and City Gates in Amer and Jaipur 04 (ADB Funding)
A revitalization proposal for Chowkri Researched and
9. 2004 Asia Urbs
Modikhana documented
Restoration of Sankari (Narrow) Gali, 2005-
10. JVF Executed but not functional
Chowkri Modikhana 06
Formation of JHERICO (Jaipur Heritage Government of Formed in August, 2006;
11. 2006
Committee) Rajasthan No Action Taken Since
Restoration work of Amer Palace and Amer Development
12. 2006 Successfully Executed
Ghat ki Guni Authority
JNN (Jaipur Nagar
13. Development of Jal Mahal 2006 Successfully Executed
Nigam)
Underground Parking Project at Ram Phase 1 Completed (Phase
14. 2010 JDA
Niwas Bagh 2 Under Construction)
15. UNESCO Inscription of Jantar Mantar 2010 UNESCO UNESCO Tag Awarded
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16. UNESCO Inscription of Amber Hill fort 2013 UNESCO UNESCO Tag Awarded
Documented & Drafted;
17. Decongestion Plan for Walled City Area 2013 NNJH
Proposal Pending
UNESCO Inscription of Creative City of
18. 2015 UNESCO UNESCO Tag Awarded
Craft & Folk Art
Jaipur Underground Metro Railway
19. 2018 JMRC Successfully Executed
from ChandPol to Badi Chaupar
UNESCO Inscription of Jaipur World
20. 2019 UNESCO UNESCO Tag Awarded
Heritage City
Creation of 3-Tier Heritage Monitoring
Committees
2019- Government of
21. 1. State Level Heritage Committee Notified
20 Rajasthan
2. Technical Heritage Committee
3. Heritage Cell
Jaipur Nagar Nigam (Walled City)
22. Heritage Conservation & Protection 2020 NNJH Notified on 17th Feb, 2020
Byelaws 2020
Drone Imagery Acquired for Walled City
23. 2020 NNJH Executed
Area
Detailed 3D Point Cloud Model of Major
24. 2020 NNJH Executed
Markets
Restoration & Adaptive Reuse of
Jaipur Smart City
25. Rajasthan School of Arts (Museum of 2020 Executed
Limited (JSCL)
Legacies), KishanPol Bazar
Multi-storey Parking at Chaugan Jaipur Smart City
26. 2021 Executed
Stadium Limited (JSCL)
Integrated Development of Chaugan Jaipur Smart City
27. 2021 Ongoing
Stadium Sports Complex Limited (JSCL)
Design, Construction, Erection,
Jaipur Smart City
28. Commissioning, Trial Run of 1 MLD STP 2021 Ongoing
Limited (JSCL)
at Chaugan Stadium
Façade uplifting & renovation in Jaipur Smart City
29. 2021 Executed
Chowkri Modikhana Limited (JSCL)
Jaipur Smart City
30. LED Illumination of Main Bazar Markets 2021 Executed
Limited (JSCL)
31. Architectural Control Regulations 2022 NNJH Notified
32. Heritage Impact Assessments 2022 NNJH Notified
33. ChandPol Mandi Parking 2022 NNJH Executed
Jaipur Smart City
34. Yaadgaar Traffic Control Office 2022 Work Going On
Limited (JSCL)
35. Renovation of City Wall 2022 NNJH Tender issued
Empanelment of Conservation Applications invited for
36. 2022 NNJH
Architects Registration
Empanelment of Masons, Craftsmen & List is being prepared for
37. 2022 NNJH
other concerned Empanelment
Digitization of City Survey Sheets &
38. 2022 NNJH Ongoing
Records
Restoration of Various Historical 2020- Jaipur Smart City
39. Executed
Architecturally Important Buildings 22 Limited (JSCL)
40. List of Identified Heritage Buildings 2022 NNJH 1575 Buildings Identified
Conservation, Restoration, Jaipur Smart City
41. 2022 Ongoing
Rejuvenation of Talkatora Lake Limited (JSCL)
Detailed Survey of Chowkri Modikhana 2021-
42. NNJH Ongoing
& Chowkri Vishveshwarji 22
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Source: Jaipur – A Planned City of Rajasthan, Dr. Sanjeev Vidyarthi

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CHAPTER 5: PLANNING POLICIES AND PROPOSALS

Jaipur is the first modern planned city in the world. This medieval planned
city has been sustaining with all its traditional values, culture and leading in
differential lifestyle. The Walled City of Jaipur has been witnessing very high
growth and thus resulting in the pressure of population on urban sectors,
facilities and infrastructures. Therefore, there is a need of proper planning
policies.
Planning is a dynamic process which demands regular fine-tuning to fulfil
needs, attitudes and aspirations of the community. We may draw lessons
from past and think to plan for future so that all stakeholders of the walled
city can lead a good quality life for long years to come.
Though this requires long-term and strategic planning policies so that future
development of walled city can be liveable and sustainable and can conserve
all characteristics of Walled City-Jaipur.
5.1 INDIA’S HERITAGE LAWS
Article 49 of the Constitution of India
India’s built heritage are well-protected by Article 49 of the
Constitution: “It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every
monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, (declared by or
under law made by Parliament) to be of national importance, from
spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the
case may be.”
Article 51 of the Constitution of India
Further, Article 51 A (f) states: “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India
to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; and (g) to
protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers
and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.”
5.2 RAJASTHAN’S HERITAGE LAWS
Rajasthan Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Antiquities Act, 1961 are
entrusted to look after and maintain Archaeological Sites in the state as a
whole.
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5.3 PLANNING POLICIES

Policies below need to be implemented during plan period and accordingly
detailed subject and strategy-based plan should be prepared. Each subject
be addressed thoroughly by the experts; so as to sense and maintain the
cultural, social, spiritual and historical values and traditions of the Walled
City of Jaipur.
1. Heritage:
a. To protect, conserve and maintain the monuments and special
character of the buildings in the Walled City.
b. Heritage property owner should be given some incentives in the
form of rebate in income tax, property tax, subsidised rates of water
and electricity so that in this economic era, owner do not tend to
change the Heritage building and keep them in its original
character. These economic rebates may be helpful to
retain/maintain and make such buildings sustainable and annual
recognition certificates may be given to the owners as a token of
respect.
c. Since, Jaipur Walled City is a three centuries old built form, it needs
to be physically maintained, conserve and provide liveable and
clean environment
d. To make use of abandoned, dilapidated buildings/ unattended
spaces can be reused in favour large interest of local community.
e. To provide suitable opportunity for the recognized traditional
crafts/ artisans/ masons, etc. and their upcoming generation
having such skill.
2. Social Infrastructure:
a. Policies to protect human health, with a clean, safe and pleasant
environment providing best medical and health facilities in and
around walled city by improving and creating all social
infrastructure of superior level. This will enhance the quality of life
of the citizens of the walled city.
b. Policies to upgrade existing educational buildings in a smart
education centre which provide all types of learning with modern
studio/classrooms.
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3. Physical Infrastructure:
a. To minimize the city waste, reduce, recycling, reusing to achieve a
clean hygienic environment and policies also need for waste to
power conversion.
b. To provide potable water as per Central Public Health and
Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) with proper
pressure to serve the upper floors along with water harvesting and
ground water recharge at community level, Mohalla level and at
sizable building level.
c. To minimize the visible wiring all over the walled city. The visible
wires to be set up underground.
4. Tourism:
a. Policy to provide utmost priority to tourism in different areas
like monumental tourism, cultural tourism, religious tourism,
event-based tourism, crafts & artisans-based tourism, wedding-
based tourism, etc.
b. Government of Rajasthan has declared the Rajasthan Tourism
Policy 2020 which will support tourism industry in the state.
c. This policy also highlights that all concerned departments
would act jointly and tourism department will be the nodal
agency.
d. Whole of walled city area and buffer zone is important for
tourism since the city contains a variety of subjects on which
tourists may enjoy for number of days.
e. Specially Designed Tourist Programmes involving various
activities within the walled city area, night markets, etc. can be
promoted.
f. For better security and safety of tourists, a separate
management and a system can be developed which provides
confidence to the tourists coming from all over the world.
g. All tourist’s important area proposed to be developed with
street furniture, budget to star hotels, local food, fabric fair, will
be a major attraction for tourists.
h. To provide leisure and recreational activities identify suitable
spaces.
i. To Promote Heritage Tourism: The built heritage of Jaipur
exists within and around the walled city. These historical,
cultural monuments have great potential for tourism and an
inspiration for the coming generations. (ASI, State
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Archaeological Department.) These are to be protected,

nourished and nurtured by concerned department with citizen
participation. An electronic database, 3D Visuals, laser shows,
etc. shall be prepared for each monument in all local & foreign
languages to promote with proper policy and management plan.
5. Transport:
a. To provide safe, affordable, fast, punctual, frequent, clean
environment, high technology-based transportation system be
evolved and priority should be given to the pedestrians, cyclists,
and specially challenged persons.
b. Mass transportation system should also be promoted in the
walled city area. This system should be free from all kinds of
pollution.
c. An intelligent parking system may be evolved by adopting new
technologies.
d. In the past few years, there has been a phenomenal increase in
the vehicles of Jaipur and thus Walled City, is also suffering with
this growth. The main east west and north south road has very
high movement of mix traffic due to high number of vehicles.
The average speed of these vehicles is lower to 10-15 km/h;
resulting in congestion, pollution, delay, and inconvenience in
various trips.
e. Since the past few years, number of electric rickshaws have
increased at many folds resulting crowd on major markets.
Operators of rickshaws are mostly unemployed youth from
nearby to farthest places like Dausa and Bihar.
f. On side parking of vehicles by the shop owners, customers,
tourists are reducing the row, therefore efficient mass transport
system (public transport) is needed in the walled city area.
Though underground metro is partially reducing the traffic, but
it needs more efforts.
g. Metro links from Badi Chaupar to SurajPol, Transport Nagar is
an early requirement.
h. Pedestrian friendly City
i. Street furniture and Signages
j. Pollution sensors and Monitors
k. Focus needs to be given to be public transport system within
walled city.
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l. Restriction on future conversion of built-up residential areas to

commercial use, wholesale godowns.
m. Seasonal congestion due to sewerage & drainage systems and
associated water logging issues need to be addressed.
n. Regulations for freight and parking needs to be addressed.
o. Planning for vendor zones.
p. Hazardous industries and wholesale markets which create
traffic congestion need to relocate.
q. To formulate a policy for no-vehicle zone.
r. For future transport system of walled city area; artificial,
intelligent vehicles and mono rail bus can be explored.
6. Disaster Management:
In Rajasthan, Disaster Management, Relief and Civil and Defence
Department is established to look after the various disasters in the state.
Particularly in Walled City, few specific disasters may arise such as,
Climatic – floods, droughts, cyclones, cloud bursts, loo, cold waves,
hailstorms, lightning, etc.; Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear; Accidental –
Fire, Bomb Blasts, Building Collapse, Road and Metro accidents; Organic
– Epidemics, Locusts (Tiddi Dal) attack; Others – Terrorists attacks,
Riots, Stampede etc.
Government of India notified Disaster Management Act in the year
2005. Rajasthan Government has prepared Disaster Management Rules,
2009 and notified on January 11, 2010. Disaster Management, Relief and
Civil Defence Department, Rajasthan provide rescue in case of any
natural and manmade calamity. In case of Jaipur, Deputy Controller
Defence is looking after this responsibility from Collectorate building
Bani Park, Jaipur. Department is facing severe dearth of trained
personals having only 7 divisional level office, its distribution at district
level is still under process which is very essential to save the life of
citizens. Though, 75% budget is funded from central Government and
rest 25% from State. To mitigate from various calamities necessary
equipment (Drone, Boats, OBM Boats etc.) and articles are kept ready in
their stores and as soon as they received the call from place of incident,
their rescue team (State Defence Relief Force) proceeds along with
trained Special services person. Their new office is under construction
in Vidhyadhar Nagar and a Training centre at Sevapura, Harmada,
Jaipur. Retired defence forces personnel (military, Navy, Air) are
providing training to different departments, voluntary organization,
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NGOs and security troops and enhancing capacity building at district

and tehsil level, these trained personnel act as district Quick Response
Team (DQRT). In view of the above, the whole of the Walled City Area
and buffer area should be studied in detail and recommendations
should be taken into consideration in the action plan.
7. Environment & Nature:
a. Policy to conserve natural resources and management of water
(groundwater & underground water), vegetation, flora & fauna.
b. All lakes, ponds, natural drainage, traditional wells & baories, etc.
should be conserved and rejuvenated involving participation of
local citizens and local bodies.
c. To adopt renewable energy as a main source of power which
enhances the environmental values by reducing pressure on
current sources of power.
d. The increasing population and multifarious activities in the walled
city Jaipur, creating pressure on open and green spaces. Available
green spaces/ Plants / Species along the major roads have been
shrink in number, removed or fallen down in past few decades.
Therefore, environmental management is utmost priority to
protect, conserve available green resources to make the
environment sustainable. Due to construction in Paundrik Park
(underground parking) old trees were cut. Therefore, thick
replantation wherever possible in whole walled city area is
suggested.
e. To set up policies ensuring protection of all green spaces in and
around the city has a number of old trees were damaged or fallen,
needs to be replanted to combat and create a more suitable green
environment.
f. Use of motorized vehicles should be minimized in the walled city
area, so as to reduce carbon, Carbon Mono-oxide and other
polluting substances.
g. Scientific Pollution Monitoring System should be installed on
Chaupars, Subhash Chowk, ChandPol, Sanganeri Gate area where
frequent congestion is seen.
h. Dense plantation is needed all over the walled city area along the
road, covering Chowks, Chaupars, parks and planters can be placed
in or above verandas green beautification at suitable places.
8. Public Participation:
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a. To formulate a policy to involve elected counsellors and reward the

general public on every step of development, highlight and report/
react on inefficiencies of local body and other departments so that
our community can be empowered with such public participation.
9. Administrative:
a. To provide strong mechanism/ a legal binding to remove
encroachments from monuments within city wall, chowks,
occupied/ buried wells/baories, ekdhalias to retrieve/ revitalize
the glory of Jaipur using appropriate conservation approaches.
b. To create a proper management system with digitization; organize
& secure old maps and records, pandu lipiyan (manuscripts), tamra
patra, shilalekh, old files, state gazetteers, etc. for researchers, town
planners, architects and archaeologists.
c. In the walled city area Residential Havelis, other institutional,
religious buildings are being used for commercial and go down
purposes due to the changing market forces. It is not possible to
stop these activities abruptly. Therefore, suggested that local body
may levy some user charges after framing detailed guidelines. Such
collection will be used to create, maintain and upgrade the
infrastructure in the walled city, Jaipur. It is also equally important
to protect Heritage Character of the area. The users will not change
or spoil the size, shape Heritage Character of the building.
d. To provide a facility of transferrable development rights which
shall also be allowed as per TDR Policy of the State Government.
e. To provide AI-Based 24 x 7 surveillance throughout walled city to
provide efficient law and order facility and to mitigate unseen
casualties.
f. To provide one step/ one call facility to resolve all issues pertaining
to walled city.
10. Commercial:
a. Policy decision needed for locating certain types of manufacturing
activities - such as, marble statues, lac bangles, metal utensils.
b. Certain warehousing activities should also be restricted in
congested areas.
c. Conversion from residential to fully commercial complexes must be
curbed.
d. Highly congested markets such as Katla, should also be curbed.
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e. Certain nodes of intense commercial wholesale and industrial

activities contribute to a majority of incoming traffic – passengers
& freight. Relocation of such activities is necessary.
f. Being the capital city of the state, a large number of unemployed,
skilled and unskilled persons migrate to Jaipur in search of jobs &
livelihood. The informal sector needs a policy to include ‘vending’
& ‘No Vending’ areas. For these specific areas should be earmarked
for stationary & mobile street vendors to create a local, vibrant
economy for traditional craftsmen and other vendors, Traditional
Hatwara.
5.4 PLANNING PROPOSALS
Some of the proposals to implement the above policies, various aspects are
to be addressed as below:
1. Administrative and Financial Aspects:
a. Draft Special Area Heritage Development Plan 2041 is to be
executed in a time frame.
b. For the better implementation of Special Area Heritage
Development Plan (SAHDP) 2041, a Unified Single Authority for
Walled City is proposed. Establishment of Single Authority is the
need of the hour, for better monitoring, control and city’s civic
and urban management system for Walled City, it is observed
that NNJH is unable to manage the Heritage Structures of Walled
City properly because of other priorities.
c. Looking to the importance of Heritage Value in the state, a
separate National Level Institute may be established imparting
specialized knowledge; conducting researches and training
personnel who can work at various places in the country and to
increase the capacity building of the place of work. This may be
the first institute of its kind, may provide high professional skills
with latest technology.
d. Jaipur MDP 2025 has also outlined two other special areas, i.e.,
Heritage City (the overall look of the city will resemble to the
Mother Walled City of Jaipur) and Green City that exist north of
Agra Road. A detailed guideline with parameters is decided by
the Jaipur Development Authority.
e. A Rajasthan Urban Planning Museum is proposed to be
established in the Town Planning Department; Government of
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Rajasthan inspired from the Urban Planning Museums in Beijing

& Shanghai. Government of Rajasthan is kind enough to allocate
the initial seed capital.
f. Most of the buildings of walled city have attained the age of 100
years or more, therefore, the need to renovate, rebuild and
maintain their heritage character of their buildings, a soft loan
policy may be framed and approved by the Government so as to
facilitate the building owners. Specially, people who belong to
EWS/ LIG / MIG Groups.
g. Land Uses of Walled City Area are almost worked out. A mixed
land use concept is being adopted for the Walled City. Therefore,
there is a need of adaptive re-use of various buildings and a
separate policy/ guideline to be framed so that ultimate land use
for any building looking at the need and situation of particular
area can be decided while respecting the character of the
structure and area.
2. Infrastructure Development:
a. Upgradation and development of Physical & Social-Economic
Infrastructure and this be taken on priority with the vision of
new technology-based facilities be provided in Electricity, Water
Supply, Roads, Drainage, Sewerage, Solid Waste Management,
etc.
3. Public Awareness and Participation:
a. A regular massive public awareness movement be launched
with the Local Body Representatives, Administrators, Vyapar
Mandal, Representatives from all segments of Community and
Policy Makers; so that the outstanding value monuments can be
conserved and maintained for generations to come.
4. Disaster Management:
a. To monitor and control walled city area from natural calamities,
law and order, accidents, crowds, epidemics a high technological
based surveillance system is very necessary which will give
point to point and updated information about any sensitive
issue. This will help to administration for providing assistance,
remedy and control the situation in the Walled City area, Jaipur.
5. Public Transport System
a. Electric Vehicle Procurements
b. Scheme for operation & maintenance
c. Creating Support Infrastructure
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d. Regular Service
e. Express Service
f. Tourist Service
g. Park & Ride
6. Vending Activities
a. Removal of Encroachment
b. Creation of Vending Units/ Structures on Roads & Chaupars
c. Retrofitting of Pedestrian Infrastructure
d. Scheme for Operations & Maintenance
7. Traffic Management
a. Installation of Direction Signages
b. Closing of informal pedestrian crossings
c. Installing pedestrian only signal at Chaupars & mid-block
locations
d. Removing of encroachment to clear the Bypass Road
e. Geometric improvement & signalization of Chaupars
8. Parking Management
a. Creation of Parking Bays on streets
b. Creating supporting infrastructure
c. Outsourcing O & M to private operator
9. Freight Management
a. Creating an Urban Distribution Center
b. Managing the O & M on PPP
10. Regulatory Measures
a. Activity Relocation
b. Restricting freight movement in peak hours
c. Staggering working hours
d. Implementing development controls
5.5 DEVELOPMENT PLAN – REVIEW, MONITORING, ENFORCEMENT
& IMPLEMENTATION
Provision for the Development plan review is a very essential tool to
access and make changes that are required during the horizon year – 2041;
since, over all socio-economic requirement and global technological
scenario is changing very fast.
For better monitoring of plan and strengthening of concerned cells are
necessary, these have to be provided with all latest technological logistics.
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For effective Plan Implementation a separate authority should be

constituted and its jurisdiction will be only the Walled City Area.
For better enforcement teams under Retired Military Officers or
Senior IPS level officers (not less than the rank of DIG) may be appointed.
This vigilance shall be supported with an intelligent camera monitor system.
A mobile magistrate team with its separate office, and staff may be
appointed.
For better plan implementation, critical priority projects are to be
taken up on priority and the phase wise development in the time frame can
be divided and covering physical and social infrastructures of all sectors
under one umbrella of a high-level team of experts from Urban Planning,
Architectural and Conservation fields.

For better control; rules, regulations and guidelines are already notified and
will be amended as and when needed.

Note: To address and suggest proper measures to upgrade to world class

facilities and technology-based services, a separate comprehensive plan be
prepared. For this purpose, a detailed Terms and Conditions (ToR) can be
framed so that professional services can be obtained to prepare a
comprehensive SAHP.

Ramgarh Dam, A life-line for Jaipur City

Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath
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Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

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Courtesy: Jaipur – The Last Destination, Aman Nath

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WALLED CITY, JAIPUR

SPECIAL AREA HERITAGE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (SAHDP) – 2041

Prepared by – State Level Advisory Cell (SLAC), Town Planning Department, Government of Rajasthan