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Philip E. Vernon's Hierarchical Theory of intelligence proposes that intelligence can be described as comprising abilities at varying levels of generality, from a highest-order general intelligence factor ("g") to more specific abilities ("s"). It aims to bridge the views of Spearman, who saw intelligence as general and specific factors, and Thurstone, who argued abilities can be grouped into common factors. The Cattell-Horn Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory divides human intellectual competence into fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and visual-spatial reasoning. Fluid intelligence is a basic mental efficiency associated with brain development, while crystallized intelligence is the ability to apply previously learned problem-solving methods from one's experiences and

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127 views4 pages

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Philip E. Vernon's Hierarchical Theory of intelligence proposes that intelligence can be described as comprising abilities at varying levels of generality, from a highest-order general intelligence factor ("g") to more specific abilities ("s"). It aims to bridge the views of Spearman, who saw intelligence as general and specific factors, and Thurstone, who argued abilities can be grouped into common factors. The Cattell-Horn Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory divides human intellectual competence into fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and visual-spatial reasoning. Fluid intelligence is a basic mental efficiency associated with brain development, while crystallized intelligence is the ability to apply previously learned problem-solving methods from one's experiences and

Uploaded by

Laika Enriquez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Philip E.

Vernon’s Hierarchical Theory


This theory tries to bridge the gap between Spearman’s and Thurstone’s theories
which view intelligence as occurring on the extremes. For example, Spearman asserts
that there are just two abilities, the general ability, and the specific abilities; while
Thurstone claims that mental operations can be grouped and are bound by a common
primary factor. On the hand, Vernon contends that Intelligence can be described as
comprising abilities at varying levels of generality, as follows:
a. The Highest level “g” ( general Intelligence) factor with the largest source of
variance between individuals ( spearmen)
b. The next level: major group factors like verbal – numerical – educational
ability
c. The next level: minor group factors are deduced from major group factors
d. the bottom level: “s” ( specific) factor of spearman

Cattell – Horn Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory


The Fluid aspect asserts that intelligence is a basic capacity due to Inherited
genes and the Crystallized theory is the capacity resulting from experiences, learning,
and environment.
Hunt ( 1995, in Theories of Intelligence,n.d.) contends that human intellectual
competence is divided into three dimensions which he derived from the works of Cattell
in 1971 and Horn.

a. Fluid Intelligence – It is a mental efficiency and reasoning ability associated


with brain development. It has neurophysiological underpinnings related to changes in
the volume of the brain.
b. Crystallized Intelligence – Ability to bring previously acquired often culturally-
defined problem solving methods to bear on the current problem. It is the ability to apply
problem – solving methods appropriate in the cultural context.
c. Visual- Spatial Reasoning – A somewhat specialized ability to use visual
images and visual relationships in problem- solving.
Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory

Gardner identified eight components of intelligence. He asserts that we are all


born with the potential to develop a multiplicity of intelligences. He argues that these
intelligences are distinct from each other and that each person has some level of each
og these intelligences.

Intelligence Component Description of that Examples of Occupations


Intelligence Using that Intelligence

Bodily/Kinesthetic The ability to use one’s Dancers, athletes,acrobats


physcal body as well
Interpersonal The ability to sense other Salesperson, PR person,
people’s feelings and be in Politicians
tune with them
Intrapersonal The ability to know and Psychologist, Therapists
have a deep Counselors
understanding of one’s
own mind and body and be
aware of one’s own
desires, feeling and
motives
Verbal/Linguistic The ability to communicate Poets, writers,orators
well,orally and in writing,
perhaps in many
languages
Logical/ Mathematical The ability to learn science Mathematicians,engineers
and mathematics; the
ability to handle complex,
logical arguments
Musical / Rhythmic The ability to learn, Musicians,Composers
perform and compose
music
Naturalistic The ability to know and Biologist, naturalists
understand different
species
Visual/Spatial Ability The ability to know where Surgeons, sailors and
one is relative to fixed Fishermen charting the
locations;ability to sea without navigational
accomplish task requiring aids

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