17
Circuit diagram symbols
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM SYMBOLS
n electrical network elements
three-phase line or cable single-phase line or cable
short circuit earth electrode
outgoing feeder supply incoming feeder
resistor variable resistor
reactor or transformer, iron core reactor
motor or generator winding
capacitor impedance (Z, R, L or C)
star-connected winding delta-connected winding
varistor or surge arrester spark gap or overvoltage
limiter
diode thyristor
inverter rectifier
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source of current metering
J M
measuring device electrical power outlet
switch disconnector isolator
fuse switch-fuse
circuit-breaker circuit-breaker fitted with a
(thermal) overload and
(magnetic) short-circuit trip
relay
contactor fuse contactor
drawout circuit-breaker changeover switch
changeover circuit-breaker transformer
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transformer fitted with an voltage transformer
on-load tap changer
artificial neutral or earthing battery
transformer
current transformer A.C. generator or
G alternator
asynchronous generator motor
AG M
n abbreviations
- UPS : uninterruptible power supply
- PIM : permanent insulation monitor
- RCD : residual current device
- IT : unearthed neutral and earthed exposed conductive part
-N : neutral
- NC : normally closed
- NO : normally open
- PE : protective conductor
- PEN : combined protective and neutral conductor
- Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 : phase 1, 2, and 3
- TN : earthed neutral and neutral-connected exposed conductive part
- TNC : earthed neutral, neutral-connected exposed conductive part, combined
neutral and protective conductor
- TNS : earthed neutral, neutral-connected exposed conductive part, separate
neutral conductor and protective conductor
- TT : earthed neutral and earthed exposed conductive part
- Z1//Z2 : signifies that impedances Z1 and Z2 are in parallel.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DIAGRAM SYMBOLS
n standards
o IEC 27-1 (12.1992): letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
o IEC 617-2 (1983): graphic symbols for diagrams, second part: symbol elements, qualifying
symbols and other symbols having general application
o IEC 617-7 (1983): graphic symbols for diagrams, part seven: switchgear, controlgear and
protective devices
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DIAGRAM SYMBOLS
n standards
o IEC 27-1 (12.1992): letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
o IEC 617-2 (1983): graphic symbols for diagrams, second part: symbol elements, qualifying
symbols and other symbols having general application
o IEC 617-7 (1983): graphic symbols for diagrams, part seven: switchgear, controlgear and
protective devices
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CHAPTER 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 38 (1983): IEC standard voltages
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Automatic changeover switching on LV and HV network supplies,
Cahier Technique n° 75, G. Thomasset
o Guide to the design of industrial HV systems, Cahier Technique n° 124, M. Dana
o High availability electrical power distribution, Cahier Technique n° 148, A. Longchamp,
G. Gatine
o MV public distribution networks throughout the world, Cahier Technique n° 155, Ch. Puret
o HV industrial network design, Cahier Technique n° 169, G. Thomasset
n Schneider publications
o Electrical installation guide, (07.1996), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
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Industrial electrical network design guide T&D 6 883 427/A
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CHAPTER 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 364: Electrical installations of buildings
o IEC 801-2: Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control
equipment. Part 2: Electrostatic discharge requirements
o IEC 801-3: Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control
equipment. Method of evaluating susceptibility to radiated electromagnetic energy
o IEC 801-4: Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control
equipment. Part 4. Electrical for transient/burst requirements
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Neutral system in LV and MV networks up to 20 kV, Cahier Technique n° 20, J.B. Bézin
o Earthing of the neutral conductor in High-Voltage networks, Cahier Technique n° 62,
F. Sautriau
o Residual current devices, Cahier Technique n° 114, R. Calvas,
o MV public distribution networks throughout the world, Cahier Technique n° 155, Ch. Puret
o HV industrial network design, Cahier Technique n° 169, G. Thomasset
o Earthing systems in LV, Cahier Technique n° 172, B. Lacroix, R. Calvas
o Earthing systems worldwide and evolutions, Cahier Technique n° 173, B. Lacroix, R. Calvas
n Schneider publications
o Medium voltage protection guide, (1990 - 05), ref. CG0021X
o Electrical installation guide, (1996 - 07), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
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Industrial electrical network design guide T&D 6 883 427/A
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CHAPTER 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 34-1 (03.1994): rotating electrical machines. Part 1: rating and performance
o IEC 146-1-1 (03.1991): semiconductor convertors. General requirements and line
commutated convertors. Part 1-1: specifcations and basic requirements
o IEC 1000-1-1 (04.1992): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 1: general.
Section 1: application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and terms
o IEC 1000-2-1 (05.1990): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 1: description of the environment - electromagnetic environment for low-frequency
conducted disturbances and signalling in public supply systems
o IEC 1000-2-2 (05.1990): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 2: compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in
public low-voltage power supply systems
o IEC 1000-2-3 (09.1992): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 3: description of the environment - radiated and non-network-frequency-related
conducted phenomena
o IEC 1000-2-4 (1994): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 4: compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
o IEC 1000-3-2 (03.1995): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 3: limits.
Section 2: limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
o IEC 1000-3-3 (12.1994): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 3: limits.
Section 3: limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for
equipment with rated current ≤ 16 A
o IEC 1000-3-5 (12.1994): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 3: limits.
Section 5: limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems
for equipment with rated current greater than 16 A
o EN 50160 (05.1995): voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Behaviour of the SF6 MV circuit-breakers Fluarc for switching motor starting currents,
Cahier Technique n° 143, J. Hennebert, D. Gibbs
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o Electromagnetic compatibility, Cahier Technique n° 149, F. Vaillant
o Control, monitoring and protection of HV motors, Cahier Technique n° 165, JY. Blanc,
n Schneider publications
o Electrical installation guide, (1996 - 07), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
n Other publications
o 3-phase cage induction motors, LEROY-SOMER technical catalogue
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CHAPTER 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o EN 50160 (05.1995): voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Process generating plants in industrial systems, Cahier Technique n° 99, P.Bibollet
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CHAPTER 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 60-01 (1989): high-voltage test techniques: part 1: general definitions and test
requirements
o IEC 71-1 (12.1993): insulation co-ordination. Part 1: definitions, principles and rules
o IEC 71-2 (1976): insulation co-ordination. Part 2: application guide
o IEC 76-3 (1980): power transformers. Part 3: insulation levels and dielectric tests
o IEC 99-1 (05.1991): surge arresters. Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
for a.c. systems
o IEC 99-4 (11.1991): surge arresters. Part 4: metal-oxyde surge arresters without gaps for
a.c. systems
o IEC 99-5 (02.1996): surge arresters. Part 5: selection and application recommendations
o IEC 364: electrical installations of buildings
o IEC 831-1 (1988): shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a
rated voltage up to and including 660 V. Part 1: General - Performance, testing, and rating -
Safety requirements - Guide for installation and operation
o IEC 871-1 (1987): shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 660
V. Part 1: General. Performance, testing and rating - Safety requirements - Guide for
installation and operation
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o The behaviour of SF6 puffer circuit-breakers under exceptionally severe conditions,
Cahier Technique n° 101, J.C. Henry, G. Perrissin, C. Rollier
o Behaviour of the SF6 circuit-breakers Fluarc for switching motor starting currents,
Cahier Technique n° 143, J. Hennebert, D. Gibbs
o Overvoltages and insulation co-ordination in MV and HV, Cahier Technique n°151,
D. Fulchiron
o Control, monitoring and protection of HV motors, Cahier Technique n° 165, JY Blanc,
o Lightning and Hv electrical installations, Cahier Technique n° 168, B. De Metz-Noblat
o Breaking by auto-expansion, Cahier Technique n° 171, G. Bernard
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CHAPTER 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 38 (1983): IEC standard voltages
o IEC 269-1 (1986): low-voltage fuses, part 1: general requirements
o IEC 287 (1982): calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load factor)
o IEC 364: electrical installations of buildings
o IEC 898 (04.1992): circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar
applications
o IEC 947-2 (01.1989): low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, part 2: circuit-breakers
applications
n Schneider publications
o Electrical installation guide, (07. 1996), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
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Industrial electrical network design guide T&D 6 883 427/A
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CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 831-1 (1988): shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a
rated voltage up to and including 660 V. Part 1: General - Performance, testing, and rating -
Safety requirements - Guide for installation and operation
o IEC 871-1 (1987): shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 660
V. Part 1: General. Performance, testing and rating - Safety requirements - Guide for
installation and operation
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Switching MV capacitor banks, Cahier Technique n° 142, D. Koch
n Schneider publications
o LV application guide: power factor correction and harmonic filtering, Rectiphase,
ref. CG0064E
o LV capacitors and banks, Rectiphase, ref. AC0373/2E
o Rectiphase medium voltage capacitors and equipment catalogue, ref. AC0303/2E
o Electrical installation guide (07.1996), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
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Industrial electrical network design guide T&D 6 883 427/A
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CHAPTER 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 34-1 (03.1994): rotating electrical machines. Part 1: rating and performance
o IEC 146-1-1 (03.1991): semiconductor convertors. General requirements and line
commutated convertors. Part 1-1: specifications and basic requirements
o IEC 146-1-2 (03.1991): semiconductor convertors. General requirements and line
commutated convertors. Part 1-2: Application guide
o IEC 146-4 (1986): semiconductor convertors. Part 4: Method of specifying the performance
and test requirements of uninterruptible power systems
o IEC 831-1 (1988): shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a
rated voltage up to and including 660 V. Part 1: General - Performance, testing, and rating -
Safety requirements - Guide for installation and operation
o IEC 871-1 (1987): shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 660
V. Part 1: General. Performance, testing and rating - Safety requirements - Guide for
installation and operation
o IEC 1000-1-1 (04.1992): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 1: general.
Section 1: application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and terms
o IEC 1000-2-1 (05.1990): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 1: description of the environment - electromagnetic environment for low-frequency
conducted disturbances and signalling in public supply systems
o IEC 1000-2-2 (05.1990): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 2: compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in
public low-voltage power supply systems
o IEC 1000-2-4 (02.1994): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 4: compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
o IEC 1000-3-2 (03.1995): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 3: limits.
Section 2: limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Harmonics in industrial networks, Cahier Technique n° 152, P. Roccia, N. Quillon
o Inverters and harmonics (case studies of non-linear loads), Cahier Technique n°159
J.N. Fiorina
o Harmonics upstream of rectifiers in UPS, Cahier Technique n° 160, J.N. Florina
o Active harmonic conditioners for unity power factor rectifiers, Cahier Technique n° 183,
E. Bettega J.N. Florina
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CHAPTER 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o EN 50160 (05.1995): voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o MV public distribution networks throughout the world, Cahier Technique n° 155,
Ch. Puret
o Automatic changeover switching on L.V. and H.V. network supplies,
Cahier Technique n° 75, G. Thomasset
o Control, monitoring and protection of HV motors, Cahier Technique n° 165, JY. Blanc
o HV industrial network design, Cahier Technique n° 169, G. Thomasset
o Protection of industrial and commercial MV networks, Cahier Technique n° 174, A. Sastré
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CHAPTER 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 50 (191) (1990): international electrotechnical vocabulary. Chapter 191: dependability
and quality of service
o IEC 812 (1985): analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and
effects analysis
o IEC 863 (1986): presentation of reliability, maintainability and availability predictions
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Introduction to dependability design, Cahier Technique n° 144, P. Bonnefoi
o High availability electrical power distribution, Cahier Technique n° 148, A. Longchamp,
G. Gatine
o Dependability of MV and HV protection devices, Cahier Technique n° 175, M. Lemaire
o Industrial approach to dependability, Cahier Technique n° 134, H. Krotoff
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CHAPTER 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 354 (09.1991): loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Automatic changeover switching on L.V. and H.V. network supplies,
Cahier Technique n° 75, G. Thomasset
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CHAPTER 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY
n standards
o IEC 76-2: power transformers. Part 2: temperature rise
o IEC 364: electrical installations of buildings
o IEC 909 (1988): short circuit calculations in three-phase a.c. systems
o IEC 1000-2-4 (1994): electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2: environment.
Section 4: compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
o IEC 50160 (05.1995): voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution
systems
n Schneider cahiers techniques
o Guide to the design of industrial H.V. systems, Cahier Technique n° 124, M. Dana
o Enclosures and degrees of protection, Cahier Technique n° 166, J. Pasteau
o HV industrial network design, Cahier Technique n° 169, G. Thomasset
o Protection of industrial and commercial MV networks, Cahier Technique n° 174, A. Sastré
n Schneider publications
o Industrial network protection guide, C. Prévé (05-1996), ref. 02 888 608/BE
o SELENA, calculating short-circuit currents according to IEC 909 (10.1995), F. Dumas,
T. Rutgé
o Electrical installation guide (07.1996), ref. MD1 ELG 2E
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