THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

10th Milestone Hosur Road, Bommanahalli, Bangalore-560068

Web Technologies Lab with Mini-project

20MCA29

Mini Project Title

LEAVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..

Submitted By

Name: REKHA H

USN: 1OX21MC075
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

10th Milestone, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road,

Bangalore-560068

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project report on Leave Management System has been
carried out byMs. Rekha HUSN: 1OX21MC075
student of 2th semester MCA, submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirement
prescribed by the V.T.U. for “MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION” for 20MCA29 Web
Technologies Lab with Mini-project course during the year 2021-2022.

Guided By Head of Department

Prof. PadmaPriya Dr. M.S.Shashidhara
Mini Project Incharge

Submitted for the VTU Examination held on September 2021 at THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date : Date :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Satisfaction and euphoria of the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible. The constant guidance
of these people and encouragement provided by them crowned my efforts with success and
glory. I consider it as a privilege to express my gratitude to all those who led and guided me
in the course of this project.

First and foremost I would like to express my gratitude to my institution

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for making it possible for me to be
a part of this project in the MCA program.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. M.S.Shashidhara, HOD, Department of

Computer Application , The oxford college of Engineering , for providing us the
opportunity to materialized this project.

I am deeply indebted to my Mini Project Coordinator Prof. PadmaPriya, Asst.

Professor, Department of Computer Application, The Oxford college of Engineering, Who
guided me providing lots of support and timely advice in completing the Mini Project.

Finally I thank my parents and the MCA Department staff who have been a constant
source of inspiration for the completion of this project.

Name: REKHA H

USN: 1OX21MC075
CONTENTS
SL.NO PAGE NO.
TITLE
1. ABSTRACT 02
2.
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction to the project
 Statement of the Problem 03
 Technologies used

3.
REQUIRMENTS
 Software Requirement 06
 Hardware Requirement

4. MODEL 07
5.
ANALYSIS
 System Study 09
 Feasibility Study

6. IMPLEMENTATION 12
7. CODE 15
8. TESTING 18

9. CONCLUSION 20
10. 20
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Dept. of MCA Page: 1

 1. ABSTRACT

This is a PHP Project entitled Leave Management System. In this simple project, the main
purpose of this project is to make a faster and reliable web application. At the initial stage of my
study of PHP Programming Language. It is useful for Employers to manage leave of employees.
This project manages aims to manage and track all types of leaves required and granted to an
employee.

This project is aimed at developing an online leave management system that is of importance to
an organization. The Leave Management System (LMS) is an Intranet based application that can
be accessed throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This system can be used to
automate the workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of leave
is also automated. There are features like email notifications, cancellation of leave, automatic
approval of leave, report generators etc. in this system.

Keyword : Leave System, Leave Management.

2. INTRODUCTION

Dept. of MCA Page: 2

2.1 Introduction to the Project
This project is aimed at developing an online leave management system that is of importance to
an organization. The Leave Management System (LMS) is an Intranet based application that can
be accessed throughout the organization or a specified group/Dept. This system can be used to
automate the workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of leave
is also automated. There are features like email notifications, cancellation of leave, automatic
approval of leave, report generators etc. in this system.

Online leave management system is an application that is of utmost importance for an

organization or college. The leave management application will allow the users to apply for the
leaves through the online mode by specifying a valid reason for the leave. This can also be
implemented at the school and the college levels where the students can apply for the leave. The
user interface must be simple and easy to understand. The leave applications and the approvals
are done manually. This work can be automated using this application. This application can also
allow the users to check the pending leaves that they have.

Dept. of MCA Page: 3

2.2 Statement of the Problem

There are many advantages of utilizing a web-based leave tracking system:

 Eliminates paper-based leave application forms
 Leave applications can be submitted online
 Leave applications can be approved online
 Both the leave applicant as well as the approver can view the remaining
leave days as
 well as historical leave applications
Employees can easily:
 Apply for leaves online where upon submission; the supervisor will be
notified via email that there is a leave to approve.
 View the number of remaining leave days
 View historical leave taken

HR administrators can easily:

 Approve leave
 Reject leave
 Define day offs
 Define holidays
 Assign available leave days for each employee
 View a list of employees going on leave within a specified time period
 Define leave types such as annual leave, unpaid leave, compassionate leave,
etc.

Dept. of MCA Page: 4

2.3 Technologies Used

PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. It

was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.
The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group.

MySQL Database

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).A

relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data types
may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a
language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational
database, as well as control user access to the database.

HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web.
It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides
HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS)
or functionality/behavior (JavaScript).

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g., fonts,
colors, spacing) to Web documents.

Dept. of MCA Page: 5

JavaScript (jQuery and Ajax)

JavaScript (JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, or just-in-time compiled programming

language with first-class functions.

Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-

first front-end web development.

Dept. of MCA Page: 6

3. REQUIREMENT

After studying the problem and its environment, the following requirement
have been identified for developing the system.

3.1 Software Specification

 OPERATING SYSTEM : Linux, Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1,

10

 LANGUAGE : PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript.

 IDE : Visual Studio Code.

3.2 Hardware Specification

 PROCESSOR : Intel Core2Duo(Min)

 PROCESSOR SPEED : 3.0 GHz

 RAM : Min 4 GB

 HARD DISK : 40GB-80GB

Dept. of MCA Page: 7

 4. MODEL

The Software Process

A Structure set of activities are required to develop a software system.
They are:
 Specification
 Design
 Validation
 Evolution

A Software process model is an abstract representation of a

process. It represents a description of a process from some particular perspective.

Waterfall Model

The waterfall model consists of sequential stages described by Dr

Winston Royce in 1970 based on his experience developing. software for
spacecraft mission planning.

1. System requirements
2. Software requirements
3. Analysis
4. Program design
5. Coding
6. Testing
7. Operations

1.   System requirements

Dept. of MCA Page: 8

  Identify, select and document functional, scheduling and financial
requirements.
 Defines the purpose of the information system.
 The deliverable at the end of this stage is the feasibility study.

2.   Software requirements

 Identify, select and document the software features necessary to satisfy the
system requirements.
 A deliverable at the end of this stage is the software requirements
document.
 Another deliverable is the preliminary design specification.

3.   Analysis

 Methodically work through the details of each requirement.

 Document inputs, outputs, processing and algorithms.
 Resolve problems, handle dependencies and develop plans to mitigate
risks.

4.   Program design

 Use programming techniques to design software and hardware within the

constraints and objectives set in the earlier stages.
 A deliverable at the end of this stage is the design specification.
 Another deliverable is the test plan.

5.   Coding

Dept. of MCA Page: 9

  Implement the program as designed in the earlier stages.
 The deliverable at the end of this stage is the software program.

6.   Testing

 Test the software and record the results.

 A deliverable at the end of this stage is the updated test plan.
 Another deliverable is the updated design specification.

7.   Operations

 The deliverable at the start of this stage is the operating manual.

 Deliver, install and configure the completed software.
 Provide maintenance and support of the software.

5. ANALYSIS
5.1 System Analysis
System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems
and using the facts to improve the system. System specifies what system should do. A system is
a set of components that interact to accomplish some purpose.

 Identifying the drawback of the existing system

 Identify the need for conversion
 Perform feasibility study
 Identify hardware, software and database requirements
 Create a system definition that forms the foundation for subsequent work

5.1 System Study

Overview of the Existing System

In the existing system Employees find it difficult to apply for leaves and vacations, especially

Dept. of MCA Page: 10

those that have tasks that require a specific number of people to operate which is a very
complicated process. First, there should be a way to determine if a specific employee has
legitimate leave days to use. Second, leaves should be scheduled in a way that the normal
operations of the business are not impaired. Finally, the personal views and emotions of the
employee that is taking the leave as well as the atmosphere in the department he or she is leaving
should be considered to foster cooperation and goodwill instead of anger and conflicts.

Draw backs in existing system: Existing system is human driven (manual), so slow and is also
involving too much of paper work

5.2 Feasibility Study

The feasibility of a project can be ascertained in terms of technical factors, economic factors, or
both. A feasibility study is documented with a report showing all the ramifications of the project
Technical Feasibility.

Technical feasibility

Technical feasibility refers to the ability of the process to take advantage of the current state of
the technology in pursuing further improvement. The technical capability of the personnel as
well as the capability of the available technology should be considered. Technology transfer
between geographical areas and cultures needs to be analyzed to understand productivity loss (or
gain) due to differences (see Cultural Feasibility). so on so technically our project is feasible.

Economic Feasibility

This involves the feasibility of the proposed project to generate economic benefits. A benefit-
cost analysis and a breakeven analysis are important aspects of evaluating the economic

Dept. of MCA Page: 11

feasibility of new industrial projects. The tangible and intangible aspects of a project should be
translated into economic terms to facilitate a consistent basis for evaluation.

Financial Feasibility

Financial feasibility should be distinguished from economic feasibility. Financial feasibility

involves the capability of the project organization to raise the appropriate funds needed to
implement the proposed project. Project financing can be a major obstacle in large multi-party
projects because of the level of capital required. Loan availability, credit worthiness, equity, and
loan schedule are important aspects of financial feasibility analysis.

Cultural Feasibility

Cultural feasibility deals with the compatibility of the proposed project with the cultural setup of
the project environment. In labor-intensive projects, planned functions must be integrated with
the local cultural practices and beliefs. For example, religious beliefs may influence what an
individual is willing to do or not do.

Social Feasibility

Social feasibility addresses the influences that a proposed project may have on the social system
in the project environment. The ambient social structure may be such that certain categories of
workers may be in short supply or nonexistent. The effect of the Project on the social status of
the project participants must be assessed to ensure compatibility. It should be recognized that
workers in certain industries may have certain status symbols within the society.

Market Feasibility

Dept. of MCA Page: 12

Another concern is market variability and impact on the project. This area should not be
confused with the Economic Feasibility. The market needs analysis to view the potential impacts
of market demand, competitive activities, etc. and "divertible" market share available. Price war
activities by competitors, whether local, regional, national or international,
must also be analyzed for early contingency funding and debt service negotiations during the
start-up, ramp-up, and commercial start-up phases of the project.

6. IMPLEMENTATION
Screenshots:
Employee’s Record Page

Dept. of MCA Page: 13

Leave Application List

New Employee Form

Dept. of MCA Page: 14

New Employee Form

Manage Employee’s Leave Privilege and Credits

Dept. of MCA Page: 15

Designation

Employee Details

Dept. of MCA Page: 16

 7. CODE

<?php require_once('config.php'); ?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<?php require_once('inc/header.php') ?>
<body>
<?php $page = isset($_GET['p']) ? $_GET['p'] : 'home'; ?>

<?php
if(!file_exists($page.".php") && !is_dir($page)){
include '404.html';
}else{
if(is_dir($page))
include $page.'/index.php';
else
include $page.'.php';

}
?>
<?php require_once('inc/footer.php') ?>
<div class="modal fade" id="confirm_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-md modal-dialog-centered"
role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title">Confirmation</h5>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div id="delete_content"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='confirm'
onclick="">Continue</button>
Dept. of MCA Page: 17
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-
dismiss="modal">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="uni_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog rounded-0 modal-md modal-dialog-
centered" role="document">
<div class="modal-content rounded-0">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='submit'
onclick="$('#uni_modal form').submit()">Save</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-
dismiss="modal">Cancel</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="uni_modal_right" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog rounded-0 modal-full-height modal-
md" role="document">
<div class="modal-content rounded-0">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"
aria-label="Close">
<span class="fa fa-arrow-right"></span>
</button>
</div>
Dept. of MCA Page: 18
 <div class="modal-body">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="viewer_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-md" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-
dismiss="modal"><span class="fa fa-times"></span></button>
<img src="" alt="">
</div>
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Dept. of MCA Page: 19

 8. TESTING
TESTING

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one step in the software
engineering process that could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive.

A strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into a well-
planned series of steps that result in the successful construction of software.

Testing is the set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. The underlying motivation of program testing is to affirm software quality with
methods that can economically and effectively applied to both strategic to both large and small-
scale systems.

Objective of Testing

A good testing case is one that has high probability of finding as yet undiscovered
errors. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors in it .A
successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error .The aim of testing is to
determine that a program works by showing that it has no errors .

8.1 LEVELS OF TESTING

Testing is usually relying on to detect the faults on each phase, in addition to the
faults introduced during the coding phase itself. Due to this, different levels of testing are used in
the testing process, each level of testing aims to test different aspect of a system.

Dept. of MCA Page: 20

 8.1.1 UNIT TESTING

Unit Testing will be done to test field validations, navigation, functionality of the
programs and its blocks. These tests are applied on various functions within each program and
other critical program blocks.

8.1.2 MODULE TESTING

Module testing will be done to test the interaction between the various programs
within one module. It checks the functionality of each program with relation to other programs
within the same module. It then tests the overall functionality of each module.

8.1.3 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is done to test the functionality and interfacing between the
modules. The system is built up of various modules, which work together to automate the
activities of the library management system. These modules should work together in a seamless
way to achieve the desired results. Integration testing will test for this property of the modules.
The modules display a cause and effect relationship, if data in one module is changed, then it
affects the data to change in some other module also. Integration testing needs to check if the
modifications do not adversely affect some other modules.

8.1.4 ACCEPTANCE TESTING

Acceptance testing was done after the implementation of the system. The acceptance
testing will check if the system works correctly in the user environment and if the entire user
specified functionalities are present. It also tests if the system adheres to the company policies
and quality standard.

Dept. of MCA Page: 21

 9. CONCLUSION

The Entire Project has been developed and implemented as per the
requirements, it is found to be bug free as per the testing standard that is
implemented. Any Specification untraced error will be concentrated in the coming
version, which are planned for development in near future.

The System was successful in depicting the aim. As the system developed was
successful in helping patients to easily book appointments, integrated with some
more features.

10 . FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Currently, this application is only supporting appointment booking for one clinic or
one doctor, Further this can be extended to accompany many doctors and
implement it in a multispecialty hospital.

Dept. of MCA Page: 22