Unit 1

Color
Matters

“When multiple colors dance across the same scene,

the result can be a carnival.”
—Annie Griffiths

8
 People celebrating Carnaval
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

1. Name all of the different colors that you see in the

photo. Which is your favorite?

2. Would you like to be at the place in the photo? Why

or why not?

3. Imagine this photo in black and white. What would

you think of it? What would be lost?
9
 1 Your brain can see 7 million colors.
How many of them can you name? What
do different colors make you think of?
Discuss. Then listen and read. TR: 2

red is a symbol of good luck

in many cultures. It is the traditional
color for wedding dresses in China and
India. But many cultures associate red with
danger. This is why we see it on emergency
vehicles and warning signs. Eight percent of
the population is red-green colorblind: they
can’t clearly see the difference between
red and green.

Green is a color that makes people feel at

peace because it’s the most common color in
nature. The green in leaves and grass comes
from something called chlorophyll. This word
comes from the Greek khloros (green) and
phyllon (leaf).
Green also symbolizes safety. Because of
this, it’s used in traffic lights to signal
when it’s safe to go.

blue is the most popular color in the

world. More than half the world’s flags have
blue in them. Blue is also the most common
color used by businesses. Many businesses
use the color blue to represent them in
logos and advertisements. This is because
blue helps us feel like we can trust them.
10
Orange gets its name from the fruit. Yellow is the color of taxis
The word originally described the taste and school buses because it’s
of the fruit’s peel, but by the sixteenth the most visible color on
century, orange was also the name the road. Like red, yellow
of this bright color. is also used to warn
people of dangerous
situations.
Because it attracts
attention, yellow is
used for highlighter
pens. The bright color
activates different parts of
the brain that help the reader
remember the highlighted text.

indigo is a dark color between blue Violet is a light purple

and purple. Indigo clothing was a sign color. It is one of the oldest
of luxury in the past because indigo colors in the world. There
dye came from a rare plant. It was very are violet cave paintings
expensive, and few people could wear in France that are
clothes made with this dye. Now we use 25,000 years old!
indigo dye to make blue jeans. However, in some
countries, for example
Thailand and Brazil, violet
is the color of death.

2 Learn new words. Listen and repeat. TR: 3

3 Work in pairs. Which colors make you feel happy? Sad?

Angry? Excited?

11
 4 Read and write the words from the list. Make
any necessary changes.

bright danger light represent

safety visible warn wedding

Photographer Annie Griffiths has

traveled all around the world. In many of
the places she’s visited, Annie has seen
. However, Annie
chooses to focus on the beauty of the places and
the people she meets. This photo is one of her favorites. It shows her son resting next to
her friend. She took it after a celebration in Jordan. For Annie,
the photograph expresses her son’s feeling of and happiness.
Annie loves to use colors in her photos. She says, “It’s
difficult to photograph a very dark thing, for example the black fur of a panther, or a very
thing, for example a snowy field. But one spot of color in a
picture can make it look amazing.”

5 Learn new words. Listen to these words and match them

to the definitions. Then listen and repeat. TR: 4 and 5
Photographer
Annie Griffiths
common   flag   luxury   to signal

1.   give a sign or a warning

2.   happening often
3.   a special thing
4.   the symbol of a country

6 Choose an activity.
1. Work independently. Choose a favorite photograph,
and show it to the class. Describe the photo, and talk
about its colors. Explain why you like it so much.
2. Work in pairs. Discuss the saying: A picture is worth a
thousand words. What do you think this means? Do you
agree with it? Why or why not?
3. Work in groups. Your teacher asks you to paint your
classroom. Which colors will you choose for the walls, ceiling,
desks, and chairs? Why? Create a design suggestion together.
12
 Spe aking S trategy TR: 6

Correcting information

The sky is blue. Actually, it isn’t blue.

As a matter of fact, the light from the sun is lots of colors.
In fact, we see blue because blue light rays are shorter than light rays
of other colors.
After all, the sky changes from blue to red when the sun sets in the evening.

7 Listen. How do the speakers correct information? Write the

words and phrases you hear. TR: 7

8
7 Read and complete the dialogue.

Jaime: White is the most popular color for wedding dresses.

Ana: , it isn’t a popular
color everywhere.
Jaime: Really?
Ana: Yes. , white is the
color of death in China, Korea, and other Asian countries.
Jaime: Wow, I didn’t know that.
Ana: , red is the color
of weddings and celebrations in India and China.
Jaime: 
Interesting! I think red is a great color for wedding dresses.
, it is a symbol of love
in many cultures!

9
7 Work in pairs. Place all of the
Polar bears have white fur.
cards on the desk with the
photos facing up. Both
students take cards with
matching photos. One As a matter of fact, their fur isn’t
partner reads information, white. It’s clear, but it reflects the
Go to p. 153. light. This makes it look white.
and the other corrects it.

7 Work in groups. When is it important to correct information? What do you

10
need to consider when correcting what someone else says? How do the
words and phrases above help you to communicate better?
13
 Grammar TR: 8

Comparatives and superlatives: Comparing two or more things

Adjective Comparative Superlative
Purple is a popular color. Green is more popular than Blue is the most popular color
purple. in the world.
Green peppers are tasty. Red peppers are tastier than Yellow peppers are the tastiest
green peppers. peppers.
Red grapes are good. Red grapes are better than Red grapes are the best.
green grapes.

11 Read. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the paragraph.

hungrier   larger   most delicious   sweeter   worse

When you see your favorite food on a red plate, you probably feel hungry. But you feel
when it’s on a white plate. Why? Research shows that colors can
really affect our feelings about food. For example, when you add red dye to water, it tastes
than normal water, as if you’ve added sugar. The food that you
think is the will probably taste
to you if you change its color to blue. This is because blue is a very unnatural color for food.
Color can also affect how much we eat. In one experiment, people were asked
to serve themselves some pasta with white sauce. The people with red plates
took a small portion, while the people with white plates took a much
portion. Can you guess why this happens?

12 Read. Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or

superlative forms. Then listen and check your answers. TR: 9

1. Dark green vegetables are (high/low) in

vitamin C than light green vegetables.
2. Yellow bananas are (salty/sweet) green bananas,
but green bananas are (good/bad) for you.

3. Blue is (common/unusual) color for food.

4. (healthy/popular) diet includes foods of many different colors.

7 Work in pairs. Make a list of your five favorite foods.

13 Apples are better for you than
Then share your list. Make comparisons about those foods. cookies, but cookies are sweeter!

14
 7 Learn new words. Listen and read to find out about colors
14
and moods. Then listen and repeat. TR: 10 and 11

We make strong connections between colors and feelings.

green relaxed

Red nervous

blue depressed

15 Work in pairs. Discuss how you feel when you see these things.

I feel relaxed when

I see green trees.

I feel nervous when I

see red lights on a car.

Me, too! But I feel more relaxed

16 Work in groups. Compare your answers to Activity 15
when I look at blue artwork.
with another pair. Then choose two other colors and say
how they make you feel.
15
 The history of one of the most popular colors

Purple is one of the most popular The Very Beginning

colors today. There are purple
Some scientists believe that the first
clothes, purple handbags, purple
organisms to appear on Earth over 500
bicycles, purple furniture, even purple
million years ago probably looked purple,
computers! But in the past, purple was
not green. Plants today are green because
a very expensive and unusual color.
they use green chlorophyll to produce
Let’s take a look at the rich and energy. But these early organisms
sometimes dangerous history of the probably used something called retinal,
color purple. which is a dark purple color.

17 Before you read, discuss in pairs. Look at the

3,000 years ago
photos and the timeline. What do you think the During the time of the Roman
reading is about? Empire, it was very difficult to
make purple dye. The dye came
from sea snails. But 10,000 dead
18 Learn new words. Find these words in the text.
sea snails got you just one gram
Use the other words in the sentences to guess each of purple dye . . . as well as a very
word’s meaning. Then listen and repeat. TR: 12 bad smell! This special purple
dye was called Tyrian purple,
company  to notice  ordinary  royalty
and it was the preferred
color of emperors.
19 While you read, think about the order of the
events. TR: 13

20 After you read, discuss in pairs.

1. Why do scientists think that the earliest organisms
were purple?
2. Why was the color purple so expensive during the
Roman Empire?
3. Who usually wore purple in England in the
sixteenth century?
4. How did William Perkin discover a way to make
purple dye? What advantage did his discovery have?
16
500 years ago 150 years ago
In sixteenth-century England, purple In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-
was only for royalty. Queen Elizabeth I’s old science student, noticed something
clothes were strange while conducting an experiment.
purple, but The chemicals he used to clean his
ordinary people equipment combined with the chemicals
were not allowed he used in his experiment, and produced
to wear the color. a bright purple color. This discovery
led Perkin to start a company using this
chemical combination to make purple
dye. The dye was much cheaper than
the sea-snail dye.
Thanks to Perkin,
now anyone
can wear purple
clothes.

21 Read the text again. Number the events in the order that
they happened.
  Only Queen Elizabeth I wears purple clothes.
  Sea snails are used to make purple clothes for emperors.
  Many of the Earth’s plants appear to be purple, not green.
  Anyone can wear purple clothes.
  William Perkin discovers how to make purple dye.

22 Discuss in groups.

1. What color clothes do you like to wear? Why?

2. In Roman and Elizabethan times, purple was a sign of luxury.

What color means luxury to you? Does the color purple have any
special meaning in your culture?

3. Why do some people like to have luxury items, such as clothing?

Are luxury items important to you? Why or why not?
17
VIDE
23 Before you watch, discuss in pairs. How do we use
color in our life? Think about ways that color warns or
informs us about things.

24 Work in pairs. You’re going to watch a video called

Seeing Colors? Look at the photo. How many different
colors can you see? Do you think that all animals see
colors the same as you do?

25 Watch scene 1.1. While you watch, write the letter

for each color in order, based on the range of
visible light.

a. dark blue b. green c. infrared d. light blue e. orange f. red g. ultraviolet h. violet i. yellow

26 After you watch, work in pairs to answer the questions.

1. Why don’t insects and animals see colors like most humans do?
2. What can bees see in flowers that is invisible to humans?
3. How can a snake see a mouse in the dark?
4. What color is infrared light to a snake?
5. What percentage of men are color-blind? What percentage of
women are color-blind?

18
27 Work in pairs. Choose one of
these gadgets, and find out how
it uses infrared light. Share your
answer with the class.

TV remote control
supermarket check-out scanner
night-vision goggles
car keys

A mouse visible in a thermogram, an image that

shows an object’s temperature

28 Choose an activity.

1. Work independently. Find

pictures of things in nature
that match each color in the
range of visible light. Arrange
the pictures in order on a sheet
of paper, and glue them. Then
label each item and its color.

2. Work in pairs. Go online to

find out why you see a rainbow
when it rains on a sunny day.
Make a presentation to explain
the science.

3. Work in groups. How

important is color in your life?
Can you imagine a life without
color? What problems might
there be? List at least three.
19
 Grammar TR: 14

The: Identifying general and specific things

There’s a coat in my closet. The coat is red.
The sun is shining in the sky.
People often feel depressed when they see the color black.

29 Read. Circle the correct word.

The / A Colors of Success

Imagine you’re at a shopping mall. You want to go to the / a café and get the / a drink
and the / a snack. There are two different cafés in the mall. How do you choose the / a
café you want to visit? You probably look at the prices and the menus. But the / a colors
that the / a café uses are also very important.

Do you want Do you want to

to feel calm and go someplace exciting
relaxed? Then you and lively? Then you
will probably choose will probably choose
The Coffee Place. The Coffee Machine.
The / A green color Many companies use
makes you think of the / a color red because
nature and peace. it seems bright and
fun, and it attracts
young people.

Think about your favorite brands. Which colors do they use? What do those colors
mean to you?

30 Work in pairs. Take turns naming familiar brand-name

products. Can your partner name the colors for the
brand? Why do you think the companies chose the
colors for each product?

31 Work in pairs. Take turns. Use a coin to move.

(Heads = 1 space; tails = 2 spaces) Complete
each sentence with the or a / an.

Go to p. 155.
20
 WRITING
A topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph. The topic sentence
is usually the first sentence of the paragraph. It explains:
• why you are writing • what you want to say
Look at these examples of topic sentences:
In this article, I’m going to discuss the history of the color orange.
When taking a photograph, it’s important to think about light and color.

32 Read the announcement and the response. Underline the topic sentence.

I would like to tell you about my favorite color

and explain why I think it’s perfect for this season.
My favorite color is orange. I think it’s a warm and
COMPETITION bright color, and it makes me feel happy and safe.
When I see this color, I think of the fall. Although
Write and tell us about your it gets cooler and the days are much shorter, I
favorite color. love the fall. When I go outside, I enjoy walking
through the dark orange leaves and listening to
What color do you want the sound they make under my feet. I also think
to see at home and of the smell of fire when I see this color. It’s great
to be at home and sit by the warm fire with my
around town this season?
family. Orange is also the color of my favorite
Tell us what the color food—pumpkin soup. It’s so delicious! This
means to you. warm and beautiful color should be everywhere
this season—outside, in our homes, and even
on our plates!

33 Work in pairs. Make a list of the things that the writer connects with
his/her favorite color. Do you think his/her ideas are effective? Why or
why not?

34 Write. Write a paragraph about your favorite color and what you
associate with this color. Use a strong topic sentence.

21
 Look for Opportunities
“Look around and ask yourself, ‘Who needs
pictures? Who needs help?’ With photography,
the opportunities are endless . . .”
—Annie Griffiths
National Geographic Photographer

1. Watch scene 1.2. 3. Think about issues or social problems

in your area. How could you use
2. Discuss how photographers can use their photographs to teach others about
skills to help other people. these issues?

22
Make an
Impact
A Plan and create an art presentation.
• Research the use of color in Aboriginal art.
• Draw an object from your own culture
using Aboriginal art techniques.
• Present your drawing to the class. Explain
why you chose the colors you used.

B Plan and make a presentation about

color and taste.
• Choose five foods. Use food coloring to
change each food’s color.
• Ask friends and family to taste and react
to the foods.
• Present the results to the class.

C Blog about colors in your community.

• Find colorful people, places,
and things in your community.
Take photos of them.
• Write a blog about your photos.
Explain why you took each photo
and how the colors make you feel.
• Publish your blog and respond to your
classmates’ comments.

23
 Unit 2

Feeling
Good?
“Science brings people together,
working toward a common
cause—fighting disease.”
—Pardis Sabeti

24
 Girls on bikes in Mandalay, Myanmar

1. Look at the girls in the photo. How do

you think they feel? Why do you think
they feel this way?

2. How has science helped to improve

people’s health over the last 100 years?
Give examples.

3. Work in small groups to think of three

ways in which science affects your daily
life. Share your ideas with the class.

25
 1 What’s happening in your body when you feel sick?
Discuss. Then listen and read. TR: 15

How are you feeling today? Do you have In fact, there are more bacteria than human
a sore throat? Are you coughing? Sneezing? cells in our bodies. But don’t worry: ninety-
These are all very common symptoms that nine percent of these bacteria are good for
signal your body is fighting a disease. Your us. They allow us to feel positive emotions,
immune system works to protect you from protect us from disease, and help us digest
diseases, but when it is weakened, you feel sick. food. Your mouth alone contains more bacteria
The illness that you feel could be caused by one than there are people on Earth! Unfortunately,
of two things: bacteria or viruses. there are also bad bacteria that cause illnesses.
Bacteria are organisms with just one cell. We can treat these bacterial infections with
They can survive outside the body, but we also antibiotics.
have trillions of bacteria living in our bodies.

E. coli bacteria

26
 Viruses are smaller than bacteria. They your body. If you get a virus, you can’t treat it
cannot exist without a host—an animal or with antibiotics. You simply need to wait until
plant to live in. That person next to you who’s your body gets rid of it. Of course, you can
sneezing? She’s the host of a virus. So, watch protect yourself from viruses such as the flu by
out! With each sneeze, she sends you over getting vaccinations, or even just by washing
100,000 virus cells, traveling at a speed of over your hands. Over eighty percent of viruses
160 kph (100 mph)! Once those cells invade are spread by touching an infected person or
your body, you become the host. The virus thing, so be sure to take care of yourself and
then changes in order to make more viruses in stay healthy!

The flu virus

2 Learn new words. Listen and repeat. TR: 16

3 Work in pairs. What do you do to protect yourself against

disease? Give two or three examples.
27
 4 Read and circle the correct word.
Pardis Sabeti is a doctor and a researcher. In her recent research on the
antibiotic / virus that causes Lassa Fever, she wanted to find out why some people
get the disease / cell and others don’t. Pardis didn’t just do research in her lab.
She traveled to hospitals in Africa to learn more about diseases. There, she helped
train medical workers to treat / digest people. She hopes that one day her
research will help scientists to make a symptom / vaccination
available that can protect / invade people against Lassa Fever.

5 Learn new words. Listen for these words and match

them to the definitions. Then listen and repeat.
TR: 17 and 18

emotion   illness   positive   to survive

  1. state of being sick

  2. confident and happy
  3. continue to live
  4. feeling

6 Choose an activity. Work in pairs.

1. Make a list of three health problems in your
country. Then write the causes of these problems.
2. Pardis is hardworking and creative. Do you
have either of these traits? If so, what do you
use them for?

3. If you could find the cure for one disease,

which disease would it be and why? Discuss.
Then share your responses with the class.

Scientist Pardis Sabeti

is also in a rock band,
Thousand Days.

28
 Spe aking S tr ategy TR: 19

Checking in with friends Saying how you feel

Are you OK? Yeah, I’m fine. / Not really. I feel awful.
Are you feeling better? Yeah, I’m starting to. / No, I feel worse. I need to go home.
Is anything wrong? No, everything’s OK. / Actually, I’m feeling pretty sick.

7 Listen. How does Myriam check in on her friend? Write the phrases you hear. TR: 20

8
7 Read and complete the dialogue.

Yuto: Hey, Aiko.

Aiko: Actually,
Yuto: That’s too bad! Do you want to go to the nurse?
Aiko: That might be a good idea.
Yuto: Come on, I’ll walk with you.
(A little while later . . .)
Aiko: Hi, Yuto. Thanks for your help earlier.
Yuto: No problem.
Aiko: Yeah, I think
that by tomorrow, I’ll feel just fine.

9 Work in pairs. Play Tic-Tac-Talk. Choose X or O.

Then choose a square, and use the words on that tired need better
square to check in on your friend. Mark your letter
(X or O) for a correct sentence. Then your friend go
chooses a square and responds to your question. OK home worse
Try to get three in a row.

Is anything wrong?
Actually, I’m feeling pretty tired. wrong feel sick

10 Work in groups. Why is it important to talk to friends about how you feel? Do you
ever feel like you don’t want to tell a friend how you feel physically and emotionally?
How could you politely express this?
29
 Gr ammar TR: 21

Adverbs: Saying how and how often you do something

Many teenagers like to sleep often. They’re always tired.
Many people rarely get enough sleep. They can get sick more easily.
If you sleep regularly, you’re usually able to pay more attention in school.

11 Read and circle the correct word.

If you’re like a lot of teens, you like to sleep. And that’s a good thing! But many people
sleep always / poorly , and this has harmful effects on the body and mind. While you
sleep, your body well / regularly produces cells that work to fight infections. If you don’t
sleep enough / easily , fewer cells are produced, and your immune system doesn’t work as
effectively / always . As a result, you can become sick more rarely / easily , especially when
you don’t get enough sleep.
Lack of sleep also affects your mind. You’re more likely to feel angry or depressed, so
you react negatively / usually to almost everything. A lack of sleep makes it difficult to pay
attention rarely / carefully to what’s happening in school. Making good decisions, solving
problems, and remembering always / poorly seem much harder when you don’t get a good
night’s sleep. Lack of sleep also makes you react to things more sometimes / slowly . In fact,
tired drivers may be responsible for around twenty percent of all traffic accidents. Sleeping
at least seven hours a night is important for your health, your grades, and even your safety!

12 Work in pairs. You learned that sleep is important. Talk about the benefits
of sleeping well. Use words from the box in your discussion.

always  calmly  clearly  effectively  often  regularly  usually

A good night’s sleep

helps me think clearly.

30
13 Learn new words. Read and listen to information about the connection between
sleep and intelligence. Then listen and repeat. TR: 22 and 23

Researchers that study sleep and the brain have a theory: getting enough rest is strongly connected with intelligence.
Just as humans prefer to sleep in comfortable beds, highly intelligent animals like these chimpanzees select the strongest
trees for a good night’s sleep.

14 Work in pairs. Talk about your own sleep habits. Do you sleep well? What affects
your sleep? Why? Use the words in the box to help you.

comfortable enough nervous poorly

rest select stress well

15 Work in groups. Design a bedroom that would result in really good sleep. Draw your
design. Explain why the room is good for getting enough sleep. Use adverbs to talk
about how the room helps people sleep. Present your information to the class.
31
 16 Before you read, discuss in pairs. Based on the title
and the image, what do you think this reading is about?

17 Learn new words. Find these words in the reading.

What do you think they mean? Use a dictionary to check.
Pay attention to how each word is used in a sentence in
the dictionary. Then listen and repeat. TR: 24

adolescent  experience  process  structure

18 While you read,

summarize each
paragraph. TR: 25

The
Teenage Brain
32
 Shaping your future 19 After you read, work in pairs to
answer the questions.
1 Being a teenager can be challenging,
but it can also be exciting. You’re becoming 1. What does the writer compare the
more independent and making decisions structure of the brain to?
for yourself. You are also learning to take 2. What happened to your brain as
risks and solve problems better than you you learned new things as a child?
could before. And changes are happening 3. How does the brain become
throughout your body, even in your brain. more efficient when you are an
adolescent?
2 You can’t see the changes in your brain, 4. How can your experiences as a
but they’re affecting how you develop into teenager affect the development of
an adult. At this time in your life, there is your brain?
a process going on inside your brain that 5. What is the writer’s advice for
makes it work faster and more efficiently. teenagers?
Imagine that the structure of your brain
20 Match these summaries to the
is like a big road map. There are lots of roads
leading to different destinations. When you correct paragraph. Write the number
were a child, as you learned new things, your on the line.
brain created more and more roads leading _ W
 hat you do as an adolescent
to different destinations. By the time you affects your brain’s
become an adolescent, the most important development.
places on the map have many different roads
_ Y
 our brain forms many
leading to them. Now your brain’s job is to
connections when you are a
make that map more efficient. It removes the child, and then it makes them
roads that you don’t need and works to make more efficient when you are
the other roads faster. a teenager.
3 As a result, your experiences as a _ I t is important to try to have
teenager actually affect the way that your lots of new experiences when
brain develops. If you spend hours playing you are a teenager.
video games, what skills do you use? You
_ T
 eenagers experience a lot
learn to see something with your eyes and
of changes.
respond to it with your hands, right? As you
21 Discuss in groups.
develop those skills, your brain is making
sure that the roads leading to them are 1. How do some of the activities you
especially fast and efficient. So, your enjoy doing now provide you with
video-game playing could be preparing important skills for the future? Give
you for a career such as a fighter pilot, or examples.
even a surgeon.
2. Knowing that what you do shapes
4 This is a great time for you to practice your brain, what activities shouldn’t
new skills and discover what you’re good you do? Why shouldn’t you do them?
at and what you love doing. Go out and try Give one or two examples.
different activities, and stick with them if you
3. Name three interesting careers.
think they’re useful. Remember that with
Then imagine what activities a
everything you do, you’re shaping your brain
teenager could do now to shape
for the future.
their brains for each career.
33
VIDE
22 Before you watch, discuss in pairs. How can each
of the following affect your emotions?

diet health other people

school sleep surroundings

23 Work in pairs. The title of this video is The

Forgotten Organ. An organ is a part of the body with
a special task, such as the heart. What do you think
the “forgotten organ” is? Discuss your ideas.

24 Watch scene 2.1. While you watch, answer the

questions. According to the video, what is the
“forgotten organ”? Was your answer from Activity
23 correct?

25 After you watch, work in pairs to answer

the questions.
1. What are microbes?

2. What part of your body is almost equal in weight

to all the microbes in your body?

3. How many bacteria are in your gut?

4. How do the microbes in your gut send signals to

your brain?

5. When Elaine Hsiao observed communication

between two mice, what did she notice about the
mouse with no microbes?

6. What happened when she put microbes back into

the mouse?

26 Work in groups. Some bacteria and viruses are

harmful. Discuss examples of harmful microbes.
Describe a time when harmful microbes made you
sick. How did you treat the situation?
34
 Microbes inside of the digestive tract

27 Choose an activity.

1. Work independently. Keep a diary for two days. Record all the
food you eat and how you feel. Do you think your diet affected
your emotions? Explain.

2. Work in pairs. Create a poster about the microbes inside the

body and how they’re beneficial.

3. Work in groups. Create a public-service announcement to

explain how people can get more healthy microbes to grow in
their bodies. Use information from this unit, as well as your
own research.
35
 Gr ammar TR: 26

Make + adjective: Saying what affects mood and feelings

A lack of sleep makes you tired. Some viruses make us very sick.
Does exercise make you feel good? Can this medicine make you better?

28 Read. Complete the sentences to say how these things make people feel.

Today we want to know all about you. What makes you feel the way you do?

I love running, and I am on the school’s track team. Exercise makes me tired ,

but it also ! Jamie (13)

Fast food . I really love how it tastes, but I always

have a stomachache after I eat it! Paolo (13)

Seeing people with terrible viruses . I hope that

scientists can find a way to treat them. Julia (14)

Tests . I can’t sleep the night before an important

one. It’s awful! Brad (11)

Watching my favorite football team . Their games are

always fun to watch. Will (12)

29 Work independently. Use make to say how each of the following affects you.

1. A strong immune system makes me feel healthy.

2. A virus can

3. Good bacteria can

4. A good night’s sleep

30 Work in pairs. Take turns

A good video game makes me excited.
tossing the cube. Say what
makes you feel the emotion.

Really? Video games make me feel

bored. Action movies make me excited.
Go to p. 157.
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 WRITING
When we write a classification essay, we divide the topic into different
categories. Then we present each category and support it with examples.
The following phrases are useful when classifying:
additionally   another type/way   to begin with   the final type/way

31 Read the model. Work in pairs to identify the different categories in the essay.
Underline words that signal the categories.
When people hear the word stress, they usually think of something negative.
However, stress can have several benefits for the body and mind. To begin with,
there is the type of stress people feel when there is something important to do. For
example, some students are stressed before a big test. The stress might make them
feel nervous, but it also makes them feel focused. This type of stress can help
people work efficiently to meet their goals.
Another way stress benefits us is by keeping us healthy. Scientists who study
stress learned that a little stress strengthens the immune system. When your
body learns to respond to some stress, it’s able to protect you from infection better.
The final way that stress benefits us is by helping us react to danger. If you
see a car coming around the corner too fast, you might experience stress.
This stress sends a message to warn your brain of danger, allowing your body to
respond quickly. Without the stress, you may not be able to jump out of the car’s
way soon enough.
Of course, too much stress is harmful to our bodies
and minds. But the right amount of stress makes us
more efficient, healthier, and safer.

32 Work in pairs. What are

the three benefits of stress
mentioned in the essay?

33 Write. Write a classification

essay about the negative
effects of stress. Give
examples.

37
 Take Care of Yourself
“Taking care of others can only happen if
you first take care of yourself.”
—Pardis Sabeti
National Geographic Explorer, Computational Geneticist

1. Watch scene 2.2. 3. How do you balance work and fun in

your life? What are your daily
2. Pardis says that you first have to take care responsibilities? What do you do for
of yourself before you can help others. Do fun? Do you have enough time for
you agree with her? Why or why not? Do both? Explain.
you take care of yourself? What could you
do to improve?

38
Make an Impact
A Create a brochure about healthy living.
• Find out about the importance of sleep, vaccinations, exercise,
and healthy food.
• Organize your findings in a brochure. Include photos and drawings.
• Present your brochure to the class.

B Plan and conduct sleep research.

• Write five questions to find out how well your
classmates sleep.
• Survey at least ten classmates. Summarize
the results.
• Present the information to the class.

C Plan and hold a microbial quiz show.

• Prepare cards with different facts about
viruses and bacteria.
• Organize two teams in your class.
• Hold the quiz show. Read each fact
aloud. Classmates say if you’re
describing a virus or bacteria.

39
Express Yourself
1 Read and listen to the song One Truth by Pardis
Sabeti’s band, Thousand Days.. TR: 27

40
 One Truth
I’m sitting in here in this room
Watching everything move
I do not know how this city was built
We are forsaken to the sound Yeah
Oh that life that goes A lifetime that we write
But we were born to radiate We laugh
We cry
We are gathered on the ground We pray
Waiting for a sign to arrive We are love
Looking for the answers in the We dream
starry sky We scream
But we were home all along We strive
and we are the light Our hunger will never die
We think, we speak, we walk, we I’m here in this fight, always
breathe the air
A lifetime for one for one truth
That I’m alive, And so are you
We are here, We are the proof
Yeah
A lifetime for one
For one truth

2 Discuss in groups.
1. Pardis recorded this song with other
scientists while fighting the Ebola
virus. They saw many people, including
friends, die of the virus. This made
them very sad. To help, they recorded
this song. What is the “one truth” that 4 Choose an activity.
they are singing about?
1. Choose a topic:
2. Do you like the song? Why or why not? • how colors make you feel
• body and mind

3 Connect ideas. In Unit 1, you learned 2. Choose a way to express yourself:

about colors. In Unit 2, you learned about • a song
• a poem
health. What is the connection between
• a piece of graphic art
these two units? How can colors affect
your body and your mind? 3. Present your work.
41