Intellectual Property Law 2021
2L-404 & 2L-MC
M.R. Dy
Copyright and Related Rights Outline
(Updated November 17, 2022)
Only one thing is impossible for God: to find any sense in any copyright law
on the planet.
- Mark Twain
COPYRIGHT
1. Introduction
• WATCH ‘Introduction to Intellectual Property: Crash Course IP 1’
https://youtu.be/RQOJgEA5e1k
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 1.1, The Foundations of
Copyright Law: Introduction’ https://youtu.be/CqkonSY__ic [Harvard
Law’s CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
2. What is Copyright?
• ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp v Philippine Multi-media System Inc,
GR No 175769- 70 (January 19, 2009)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jan2009/gr_175769_2009.html
[General principles of copyright]
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Ø What is an Author? (§ 171.1, IP Code)
• READ ‘Can the monkey selfie case teach us anything about
copyright law?’
https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/01/article_0007.html
• Naruto v. Slater, No. 16-15469 (9th Cir. 2018)
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/16-
15469/16-15469-2018-04-23.html [Can animals have copyright?]
• READ ‘Artificial intelligence and copyright’
https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2017/05/article_0003.html
3. Automatic Protection / Neutrality of Protection (§ 172.2, IP Code)
4. The Idea - Expression Dichotomy (Distinction)
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 1.3, Foundations of
Copyright Law: Idea/Expression Distinction’
https://youtu.be/Fw6yBGH9RDc [Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course
on US Copyright Law]
• Baker v Selden, 101 US 99 (1879)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/101/99/ [Idea-expression
dichotomy]
• READ Alexander v Haley, 460 F Supp 40 (SDNY 1978)
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-
courts/FSupp/460/40/2093686/ [Scènes à faire]
• READ ‘Copyright in the Courts: The Da Vinci Code’
https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2006/03/article_0004.html
[Facts are not protected by copyright]
• READ Bill Diodato Photography, LLC v Kate Spade, LLC, 388 F
Supp 2d 382 (SDNY 2005) https://casetext.com/case/bill-diodato-
photography-llc-v-kate-spade
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5. Protected Works
i. Original Literary or Artistic Works (§ 172 - 172.2, IP Code)
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 1.2, The Foundations of
Copyright Law: Originality’ https://youtu.be/CvifyxfVmOE [Harvard
Law’s CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
• Feist Publications Inc v Rural Telephone Service Company Inc, 499
US 340 (March 27, 1991) https://www.oyez.org/cases/1990/89-1909
[Minimum standard of creativity]
• ABS-CBN Corp v Gozon, GR No 195956 (March 11, 2015)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/mar2015/gr_195956_2015.html
[Original works]
ii. Derivative Works (§ 173, IP Code)
iii. Published Edition of Work (§ 174, IP Code)
6. Non-copyrightable Works
i. Unprotected Subject Matter (§ 175, IP Code)
• Pearl & Dean (Phil) Inc v Shoemart Inc, GR No 148222 (August 15,
2003)
https://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/2003augustdecisions.php?id=74
9 [Non-copyrightable works]
• ABS-CBN Corp v Gozon, GR No 195956 (March 11, 2015)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/mar2015/gr_195956_2015.html
[Non-copyrightable works]
• Feist Publications Inc v Rural Telephone Service Company Inc, 499
US 340 (March 27, 1991) https://www.oyez.org/cases/1990/89-1909
[Non-copyrightable works]
• Joaquin v Drilon, GR No 108946 (January 28, 1999)
https://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/1999januarydecisions.php?id=52
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[concept is not copyrightable; mechanics or format of a show is not
copyrightable]
• Ching v Salinas, GR No 161295 (June 29, 2005)
https://www.chanrobles.com/scdecisions/jurisprudence2005/jun2005/
161295.php [Purely utilitarian articles not protected]
ii. Works of Government (§ 176, IP Code)
7. Conceptual Separability
• Star Athletica LLC v Varsity Brands Inc, 580 US __ (March 22, 2017)
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/15-866_0971.pdf
[Conceptual Separability]
• Olaño v Lim Eng Co, GR No 195835 (March 14, 2016)
https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/61784
[Conceptual separability]
8. Rules on Copyright Ownership (§ 178 & 179, IP Code)
9. Rights of Copyright Owners
i. Copyright or Economic Rights (§ 177 - 177.7, IP Code)
a. Reproduction
b. Production of Derivative Works
c. Public Distribution or the First Sale Doctrine
d. Rental Right
e. Public Display
f. Public Performance
g. Other Communication to the Public
• Twentieth Century Music Corp v Aiken, 422 US 151 (June 17, 1975)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/422/151/
• Rentmeester v Nike Inc, No 15-35509, 9th Cir (February 27, 2018)
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/15-
35509/15-35509-2018-02-27.html
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• Kirtsaeng v John Wiley & Sons Inc, 568 US 519 (March 19, 2013)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/568/519/ [Rights of a
copyright owner; Exhaustion of rights]
ii. Moral Rights
a. Scope of Moral Rights (§ 193, IP Code)
b. Breach of Contract (§ 194, IP Code)
c. Waiver of Moral Rights (§ 195, IP Code)
d. Contribution to Collective Work (§ 196, IP Code)
e. Term of Moral Rights (§ 198, IP Code)
• [Optional] WATCH ‘Coco’ (2017) animated film by Disney/Pixar.
Trailer here: https://youtu.be/Rvr68u6k5sI
• READ ‘COCOpyright and the value of moral rights’
https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/04/article_0003.html
• [Optional] WATCH ‘Genius’ (2016) film. Trailer here:
https://youtu.be/xZ_IsVxIPTc
iii. Rights to Proceed in Subsequent Transfers
Ø Sale or Lease of Work (§ 200; 201, IP Code)
10. Transfer / Assignment or Licensing of Copyright (§ 180 to 180.5, § 181, § 182,
IP Code)
11. Designation of Society (§ 183 as amended, IP Code)
• SC Champions FILSCAP’s Rights over Copyrighted Works:
https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/29122/
12. Registration and Deposit with the National Library, the IPO and the SC (§ 191 -
§ 192, IP Code)
• Manly Sportwear Manufacturing Inc v Dadodette Enterprises, GR No
165306, (September 20, 2005)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/sep2005/gr_165306_2005.html
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13. Copyright Limitations and Exceptions Copyright
i. Limitations on Copyright (§ 184 to § 184.2, IP Code)
ii. Fair Use (§ 185 - § 185.1, IP Code)
• WATCH ‘Copyright, Exceptions, and Fair Use: Crash Course
Intellectual Property #3’ https://youtu.be/Q_9O8J9skL0
• ABS-CBN Corp v Gozon, GR No 195956 (March 11, 2015)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/mar2015/gr_195956_2015.html
[Fair use]
• Sony Corp v Universal City Studios, 464 US 417 (1984)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/464/417/ [Fair use]
• Harper & Row v Nation Enterprises, 471 US 539 (1985)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/471/539/ [Fair use]
• Rappler v Bautista, GR No 222702 (April 5, 2016)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2016/apr2016/gr_222702_2016.html
• Campbell v Acuff-Rose Music Inc, 510 US 569 (1994)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/510/569/
• WATCH ‘Luther Campbell of 2 Live Crew's Historic
Supreme Court Parody Case | Hip Hop Honors’
https://youtu.be/BNcwZfZ3Qk4
• A&M Records Inc v Napster Inc, Nos 00-16401, 00-16403 (2001)
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1047162.html
• Lenz v Universal Music Corp, 801 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2015)
https://casetext.com/case/lenz-v-universal-music-corp-
20?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_de794480a251903415f0a1076d22737
cde2be2ba-1627914046-0-gqNtZGzNAjijcnBszQi6
• Authors Guild v Google, 721 F3d 132 (2d Cir 2015)
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca2/13-4829/13-
4829-2015-10-16.html [Google Books Case]
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• Google LLC v Oracle America Inc, 593 US ___ (2021)
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/18-956_d18f.pdf [Fair
use of computer programs]
o For future reference, you can find summaries of all
US Fair Use Cases here: https://copyright.gov/fair-
use/fair-index.html
o WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 9.1,
Fair Use: The History of Fair Use’
https://youtu.be/KV8dj-7WA4o [Harvard Law’s
CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
o WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 9.2,
Fair Use: Fair Use Today’
https://youtu.be/Z9q6JA6f5Co [Harvard Law’s
CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
o WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 9.3,
Fair Use: Other Approaches’ https://youtu.be/RE-
vfJAFt-k [Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course on US
Copyright Law]
iii. Work of Architecture (§ 186, IP Code)
iv. Reproduction of Published Work (§ 187 -187.2, IP Code)
v. Reproduction of Computer Program (§ 189, IP Code)
vi. Importation and Exportation of Copyrighted Materials (§ 190, IP Code)
14. Neighboring Rights or Related Rights (Rights of Performers, Producers of Sound
Recordings and Broadcasting Organizations) (§ 202- 212, IP Code)
i. Definitions (§ 202 - 202.8, IP Code)
ii. Scope of Performer’s Rights (§ 203, IP Code)
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iii. Moral Rights of Performers (§ 204, IP Code)
iv. Limitation on Performer’s Rights (§ 205, IP Code)
v. Additional Remuneration for Subsequent Communications or Broadcasts
(§ 206, IP Code)
vi. Contract Term (§ 207, IP Code)
vii. Scope of the Right of Sound Record Producers (§ 208, IP Code)
viii. Single Equitable Remuneration for the Use of Sound Recordings (§ 209,
IP Code)
ix. Scope of Right of Broadcasters (§ 211, IP Code)
x. Limitations on Rights (§ 212, IP Code)
§ The Rome Convention: https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/rome/
§ The Beijing Treaty: https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/beijing/
15. Terms of Copyright Protection
i. Different Types of Work (§ 213, IP Code)
ii. For Performers, Producers and Broadcasting Organizations (§ 215, IP
Code)
16. Infringement and Remedies
i. Infringement (§ 216, IP Code)
a. Direct vs Indirect Infringement
b. Technological Protection Measures
• Habana v Robles, GR No 131522 (July 19, 1999)
https://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/1999julydecisions.php?id=518
[Copyright infringement]
• NBI - Microsoft Corp v Hwang, GR No 147043 (June 21, 2005)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jun2005/gr_147043_2005.html
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• Sanrio Co Ltd v Edgar Lim, GR No 168662 (February 19, 2008)
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/feb2008/gr_168662_2008.html
• MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd, 545 US 913 (2005)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/545/913/ [Technological
protection measures]
ii. Copyright Infringement vs Plagiarism (§ 184 (b) & (e), IP Code)
iii. Remedies for infringement
- Civil action
- Criminal action
- Administrative action
iii. Affidavit Evidence (§ 218, IP Code)
• Bayanihan Music Philippines Inc v BMG Records (Pilipinas), GR No
166337 (March 7, 2005)
https://www.chanrobles.com/scresolutions/resolutions/2005/march/16
6337.php
iv. Presumption of Authorship (§ 219, IP Code)
v. International Registration of Works (§ 220, IP Code)
vi. Disclosure of information (§ 220A, IP Code)
17. Creative Industries
• Philippine Creative Industries Development Act. Republic Act No.
11904: https://hrep-website.s3.ap-southeast-
1.amazonaws.com/legisdocs/ra_18/RA11904.pdf
• Statement of the Director General on the new Republic Act 11904 or
the PH Creative Industries Development Act:
https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/news/statement-of-the-director-general-
on-the-new-republic-act-11904-or-the-ph-creative-industries-
development-
9
act/#:~:text=The%20PCID%20law%20mandates%20the,many%20ot
her%20ways%20of%20support.
18. Special Topics for Specific Creative Industries
a. Literature and Software
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 3.1, The Subject Matter
of Copyright: Literature (and software)’
https://youtu.be/zBNsrX7TFIM [Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course on
US Copyright Law]
b. Drama and Choreography
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 3.2, The Subject Matter
of Copyright: Drama and choreography’
https://youtu.be/M4gD1WSo5mA [Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course
on US Copyright Law]
c. Music
• WATCH ‘Queen & David Bowie v Vanilla Ice’
https://youtu.be/HAA__AW3I1M
• READ ‘”Blurred Lines” Copyright Suit Against Robin Thicke, Pharrell
Ends in $5M Judgment’ https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-
news/robin-thicke-pharrell-williams-blurred-lines-copyright-suit-final-
5-million-dollar-judgment-768508/
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 3.3, The Subject Matter
of Copyright: Music’ https://youtu.be/2GGE_ToREPw [Harvard Law’s
CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
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• WATCH ‘How Copyright Works’
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1wHeEmBdcWTbxL2yqQZ2Emw
mnEbvFD4b [Berklee Online]
• WATCH 'Copyright Criminals' https://youtu.be/5kN8hugndG8
d. Audiovisual Works
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 3.4, The Subject Matter
of Copyright: Audiovisual Works’ https://youtu.be/fNMuzM-C14c
[Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
e. Fictional Characters
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 3.5, The Subject Matter
of Copyright: Fictional Characters’ https://youtu.be/stKbHeByAd4
[Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
19. International Treaties on Copyright Law
• WATCH ‘William Fisher, CopyrightX: Lecture 1.4, The Foundations of
Copyright Law: Multilateral Treaties’ https://youtu.be/00Bq5n7wYn0
[Harvard Law’s CopyrightX Course on US Copyright Law]
20. Other Topics on Copyright and Related Rights
• WATCH ‘IP Problems, YouTube, and the Future: Crash Course
Intellectual Property #7’ https://youtu.be/MCodRWoavoc
21. Resources for further study and research on Copyright Law
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• Harvard Law School CopyrightX Playlist:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4d8Zm8RNWeWA_AnzDdIVt3IJu
crpOFmT
• Berklee College of Music Playlist:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1wHeEmBdcWTbxL2yqQZ2Emw
mnEbvFD4b
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