MEDIA AND

INFORMATION
LITERACY
(MIL)
Communication Models
Media Literacy
Information Literacy
Technology (Digital) Literacy
Reference: MIL Quarter 2 Modules 1-2 MIL PPT 09, Updated: November 6, 2022
“Then you will
know the truth,
“Whenyou change the
and the truth
will set youway you
look at things, the
free.”
things you look at change.”
The students will be able to…
▪ realize opportunities and challenges in media and
information;
▪ cite a recent example that shows the power of media and
information to affect change;
▪ analyze an editorial cartoon and answer whether it
poses a challenge or an opportunity.
 Media Social Media
These are communication These are web-based tools
tools like newspapers, or platforms which aims for
magazines, TV, radio, and the users of the Internet to:
internet that reach or ✓ Engage
influence people widely. ✓ Collaborate
✓ Create
✓ Share contents
 Three Dimensions of Social Media
(Adopted from Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010)

1. Social Presence
✓ the type of sensorial interaction;
✓ the subjective experience of being present with a “real”
person and having access to his or her thoughts and emotions
2. Media Richness
✓ amount of data transmitted in a time interval;
✓ the ability of information to change understanding within a
time interval
3. Self-Presentation/Self-Disclosure
✓ the degree of freedom and control in creating one’s personal
cyber-identity
 Classification of Social Media by Social Presence/
Media Richness and Self-Presentation/Self-Disclosure
(Adopted from Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010)

Social Presence/Media Richness

Low Medium High

Social
Virtual Social
Networking
High Blogs Worlds (e.g.,
Sites (e.g.,
Self- Second Life)
Facebook)
presentation
/ Self-
disclosure Content Virtual Game
Collaborative
Communities Worlds (e.g.,
Low Projects (e.g.,
(e.g., World of
Wikipedia)
YouTube) Warcraft)
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION
OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES
(connected to advancement, (difficulty, problems)
progress)

▪ Faster and “free” ▪ Fake news in social media.

communication via
Messenger
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Collaborative • Projects enable the joint • The joint effort of many
Projects and simultaneous creation actors lead to a better
of content by many end- outcome than any actor
users could achieve individually.
• Wikis – Web sites which • From a corporate
allow users to add, remove, perspective, firms must be
and change text-based aware that collaborative
content projects are trending
• Social bookmarking toward becoming the main
applications – enable the source of information for
group-based collection many consumers.
and rating of Internet links
or media content
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Blogs • Special types of Web sites • Many companies are already
that usually display date- using blogs to update
stamped entries in reverse employees, customers, and
chronological order shareholders on
developments they consider
to be important.
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Blogs CONTINUATION • Risky because customers
• The social media equivalent of who turn out to be
personal web pages can come in a dissatisfied with or
multitude of different variations, disappointed by the
from personal diaries describing company’s offerings may
the author’s life to summaries of decide to engage in
all relevant information in one virtual complaints in the
specific content area form of protest, which
• Usually managed by one person results in the availability of
only, but provide the possibility of potentially damaging
interaction with others through the information in online
addition of comments space.
 In terms of: Challenges/ Opportunities

Content • Main objective of • From a corporate viewpoint,

Communities content communities content communities carry the
is the sharing of risk of being used as platforms
media content for the sharing of copyright-
between users protected materials.
• Exist for a wide range • While major content
of different media communities have rules in place
types, including text, to ban and remove such illegal
photos, videos, and content, it is difficult to avoid
PowerPoint popular videos being uploaded
presentation only hours after they have been
aired on television.
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Content CONTINUATION • On the positive side, the
Communities high popularity of content
communities makes them a
very attractive contact
channel for many firms.
• Other firms rely on content
communities to share
recruiting videos, as well as
keynote speeches and
press announcements, with
their employees and
investors.
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Social • Applications that enable • High popularity,
networking sites users to connect by creating specifically among
personal information profiles, younger Internet users
inviting friends and
colleagues to have access to
those profiles, and sending
emails and instant messages
between each other
• Can include any type of
information, including photos,
videos, audio files, and blogs
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Virtual game • Platforms that replicate a • Provide the highest level of
worlds three-dimensional social presence and media
environment in which richness of all applications
users can appear in the • Allows for an unlimited
form of personalized range of self-presentation
avatars and interact with strategies ( use of avatar)
each other as they would in
real life
• Probably the ultimate
manifestation of social
media
 Challenges/
In terms of:
Opportunities
Virtual game CONTINUATION • Offer a multitude of
worlds • Virtual game worlds – opportunities for
require their users to companies in marketing,
behave according to strict and human resource and
rules in the context of a internal process
massively multiplayer management
online roleplaying game
• Virtual social worlds –
allow inhabitants to choose
their behavior more freely
and essentially live a
virtual life similar to their
real life
1. What are the 3 classifications of social media
according to Kaplan and Haenlein?
2. What will be your considerations in utilizing a
particular social media over another?
Cybercrime is one of the
challenges people face
nowadays. It is the use of
a computer as an
instrument to further
illegal ends.
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175)
RA10175 is an Act defining cybercrime, providing for the prevention,
investigation, suppression and the imposition of penalties therefore and
for other purposes.

RA 10175 punishes content-related

offenses such as cybersex, child
pornography and libel which may
be committed through a computer
system. This Cybercrime law
identifies standards of acceptable
behavior for information and
communication technology (ICT)
users.
 Adapted from
Youth Protection
Roundtable Tool Kit –
Stiftung Digitale Chancen 2009
1. Age-inappropriate
content

Adults should make sure that

children only access age-
appropriate contents. Children
must be under the supervision
of their parents, adults,
guardians when they access
information using their
gadget/s. Particularly, children
should not access websites,
pages containing adult
pornography.
2.Illegal content (i.e. racism,
regional or geographic
discrimination, and child
pornography)

Any contents deemed as illegal by national

laws should not be accessed by children
and young people. Critical thinking skill
should be applied by young adults when
visiting websites and checking
information. Adults should keep in mind
that children and young adults are targets
of illegal content such as taking and
publishing pictures or videos of child
abuse.
3. Lack of verification of
content

Not everything people read online

is true. People have to keep an
eagle eye when checking
information online. A critical eye
should be applied by online users
at all times and they should always
bear in mind that user-generated
contents can be inaccurate and
pose dangers such as identity theft,
money theft/phishing, commercial
fraud, etc.
4. Incitement of
harm

There are websites

promoting harms such
as bullying, anorexia,
suicide, etc. The
freedom of online users
to publish and post
almost anything may
promote harm to
children and young
people.
5. Infringement of human rights /
defamation

Due to lack of face-to-face interaction

people online act differently. Some of their
irresponsible actions may lead to
infringement of human rights and
defamation. These actions are harmful to
children and young people which may
arise to misleading information.
6. Inappropriate
advertisement and
marketing to children

Most of the children and young

people own mobile phones and
they are not aware with the
danger when they fill out private
information (i.e. name, age,
gender, email address, etc.) when
accessing different websites.
7.Privacy

Online users should

be aware that
information stored in a
server or platform
remain in existence
indefinitely. Awareness
is vital so that they
exercise proper
judgment when
posting, sharing and
publishing information
publicly.
8. Copyright
infringement

Copyright infringement
refers to copying of one's
work without the
permission of the owner.
Proper citation of the
sources should be
exercised to avoid this
kind of fraud.
 Why is it important that we know the
opportunities and challenges we face as we
expose ourselves in media and
information?
1. Research a recent
news article on the
Internet about an
issue that shows the
power of media and
information to affect
change or an event
where media and
information was
instrumental in
making a change.
 2. After the discussion
on the risks and
challenges of the
virtual world, what
was the most
significant to you and
why?
3. How will it affect
your online
engagement?

Note: Submit your work on our next meeting

either print or handwritten is accepted
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 1

Direction:
• This activity is found in Module 2 page 9
• Answer this: Analyze the below picture. What is the message behind the editorial cartoon?
Does it pose a challenge or opportunity? Why?

Source:
https://opinion.inquirer.net/132919/editorial-
cartoon-august-22-2020

• Filename: Qtr2_ACT#1_VALUING (upload to 2nd Quarter folder of MIL)

• Individual Activity
• Use 120 words. The file format is MS Word or Google Docs
• Upload this activity on November 16, 2022 (Wednesday)
ACTIVITY 2

Direction:
• Go to https://www.khanacademy.org/
• Create a student account
• This will used for our next topic within the week.
▪ Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by
DepEd
▪ Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan,
Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
▪ http://unesco.mil-for-
teachers.unaoc.org/modules/module-7/
▪ http://www.cepal.org/elac2015/noticias/paginas/7/4083
7/flavio-calonge.pdf
▪ http://www.eun.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=2
32671ea-32ca-4272-8b24-20328aafe8bb&groupId=43887
▪ https://itconnect.uw.edu/learn/research/ecar-social-
media/
▪ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/04/6-ways-
social-media-is-changing-the-world/
▪ http://www.dailysource.org/about/problems#.WIR_2vB9
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