Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: - 1
Cross-section view Scale: - 1:2
N
Horizontal Beds
Plane view
1. No of Beds and Order of superposition
E
D
C
B
A
There are five different beds in which A is the oldest bed and E is the youngest
bed in the sequence.
2. Structure
All the beds are horizontal. Therefor there is no dip angle, dip amount and strike.
3. Geological History
Among five different beds bed number A was deposited first in depositional basin
which is followed by beds B, C, D and E respectively. Then converted in rocks
under extreme heat and pressure for long period of time.
After the formation of rocks, they were uplift due to the tectonic activities giving
rise to the present condition.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: - 2
Cross section view Scale: - 1:2
N
Perspective view (oblique view)
of the inclined beds
Plane view
1. No of Beds and order of superposition
E
D
C
B
A
There are only two different beds deposited alternatively in basin in which A is
the oldest bed and E is the youngest bed in the sequence.
2. Structure
Dips are deposited in the inclined position
Dip amount: -Bed A: 400
Bed C: 400
Bed D: 400
Dip direction: East
Strike: N-S
3. Geological History
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
At first all the beds were horizontal. The bed A was deposited first, followed up to
E such as bed A, C, E and B, D.
After a long period of time beds were alter into rocks, and due to tectonic
activities giving uplift in the present condition.
Block no: - 3
Cross section view scale: - 1:2
N
Symmetric syncline
N
62
62
Plane view
1. No of Beds and order of superposition
F
E
D
C
B
A
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
There are Six different beds in which A is the oldest bed and F is the youngest
bed in the sequence.
2. Structure:
The beds are folded, convex downward. So, the youngest rock is lying at the core.
So, it is syncline and its axial plane is vertical. Hence, it is called symmetrical
syncline.
Dip direction: Right limb-toward west
Left limb-toward east
Strike: N-S
3. Geological History
All the beds were deposited at the depositional basin, after the long period of time
under extreme pressure and temperature the beds were converted into rocks. And
were uplifted due to the tectonic activities giving rise to the present condition.
Block no: - 4
Corss section view Scale: 1:2
N
Symmetric anticline
N
62 62
Plane view
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
1. No of Block and order of superposition
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are six different beds in which A is the oldest bed and F is the youngest bed
in the sequence.
2. Structure
The beds are folded, convex upward. So, the oldest rock is lying at the core. So, it
is anticline and its axial plane is vertical. Hence, it is called symmetrical anticline.
Dip direction: Right limb-toward west
Left limb-toward east
Strike: N-S
3. Geological History
All the beds were deposited at the depositional basin, after the long period of time
under extreme pressure and temperature the beds were converted into rocks. And
were uplifted due to the tectonic activities giving rise to the present condition.
Block no: - 5
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Asymmetric syncline
N 57 26
Plane view
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
1. No of Block and order of superposition
E
D
C
B
A
There are Five different beds in which A is the oldest and E is the youngest bed in
the sequence.
2. Structure
The beds are folded, convex downward. So, the youngest rock is lying at the core.
So, it is syncline and its axial plane is vertical. Hence, it is called asymmetric
anticline.
Strike: N-S
Dip direction to left limb is 570 toward west
Dip direction to right limb is 260 toward east
Dip amount are unequal
3. Geological History
Sediments were deposited successively in a depositional basin. First of all, bed A
was deposited, which is followed by B, C, D, and E. After the formation of rocks,
they were subjected to tectonic activities as a result they were deform and folded.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: 6
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Oblique view of
normal fault
N
57 26
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
E
D
C
B
A
There are Five different beds A, B, C, D, and E among which A is the oldest and
E is the youngest bed in the sequence.
2. Structure
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
The rocks on opposite sides of the fracture has moved parallel to each other, in
which hanging wall is moved downward relative to the footwall. So, there is the
development of fault which is called normal fault.
Altitudes of the beds: strike N-S, Dip – 550 due West
Altitudes of the fault: strike N-S, Dip – 500 due East
3. Geological History
Initially all the beds were deposited in horizontal. During the long interval of time
due to different environmental and tectonic activities, the beds were uplifted to
inclined position. After then a fault was developed which is remained unchanged
in present condition.
Block no: - 7
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Asymmetric Anticline
N
55
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
E
D
C
B
A
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
There are Five different beds A, B, C, D and E in which A is the oldest bed and E
is the youngest bed.
2. Structure
The first four beds are folded to inclined, convex upward. Axial plane is vertical.
Thus, the fold is asymmetric anticline.
Strike N-S
Dip direction of left limb: 570 toward West
Dip direction of right limb: 260 toward East
3. Geological History
Sediments were deposited successively in a depositional basin. First of all, bed A
was deposited, which is followed by B, C, D, and E. After the formation of rocks,
they were subjected to tectonic activities as a result they were deform and folded.
Whereas the top of two beds were eroded and not exposed. Hence, rocks were
formed as asymmetric anticline.
Block no: - 8
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Oblique view of reverse
fault
N
45
Plane view
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
1. No of Block and order of superposition
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are Five different beds A, B, C, D, E and F in which A is the oldest bed and
F is the youngest bed.
2. Structure
The rocks on opposite sides of the fracture has moved parallel to each other, in
which hanging wall is moved upward relative to the footwall. So, there is the
development of fault which is called reverse fault.
Altitudes of the beds: strike N-S, Dip – 450 due West
Altitudes of the fault: strike N-S, Dip - 500 due East
3. Geological History
Initially all the beds were deposited in horizontal. During the long interval of time
due to different environmental and tectonic activities, the beds were uplifted to
inclined position. After then a fault was developed which is remained unchanged
in present condition.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: - 9
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal Beds with
Unconformities
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set X is
composed of three different beds represented by A, B, and C respectively. Among
them the bed A is oldest and bed C is youngest one. Where set Y composed of
only one bed denoted by D.
2. Structure
All the beds in set X and Y are horizontal. Therefor there is no dip angle, dip
amount and strike.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
3. Geological History
Initially all three beds in set X are deposited successively, due to the tectonic
activities the block was uplifted consequently erosion took place resulting into
unconformities. Finally, the blocks were then again subsided into the depositional
basin where over the set Y were deposited successively.
Block no: - 10
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal Beds with
Unconformities
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set Y is
composed of three different beds represented by B, C and D respectively. Among
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
them the bed B is oldest and bed D is youngest one. Where set X composed of
only one bed denoted by A.
2. Structure
All the beds in set X and Y are horizontal. Therefor there is no dip angle, dip
amount and strike.
3. Geological History
Initially bed A was deposited successively, due to the tectonic activities the block
was uplifted consequently erosion took place resulting into unconformities.
Finally, the blocks were then again subsided into the depositional basin where
over the set Y were deposited successively.
Block no: - 11
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal and inclined
Beds with Unconformities
Plane view
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
1. No of Block and order of superposition
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set X is
composed of six different beds represented by A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
Among them the bed A is oldest and bed F is youngest one. Where set Y
composed of three beds represented by G, H and I. Where bed G is oldest and I is
youngest.
2. Structure
In set X beds are deposited in inclined position where as in set Y beds are
deposited in horizontal position.
3. Geological History
Initially all six beds in set X are deposited successively, due to the tectonic
activities the block was uplifted in the present condition (inclined state),
consequently erosion took place resulting into unconformities. Finally, the blocks
were again subsided into the depositional basin where over the set Y were
deposited successively.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: -12
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal bed under normal
fault with Unconformities
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set X is
composed of seven different beds represented by A, B, C, D, E, F and G
respectively. Among them the bed A is oldest and bed G is youngest one. Where
set Y composed of three beds represented by H, I and J. Where bed H is oldest
and J is youngest.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
2. Structure
In set X the rocks on opposite sides of the fracture has moved parallel to each
other, in which hanging wall was moved downward relative to the footwall. So,
there is the development of fault which is called normal fault. Where as in set Y
beds are deposited in horizontal position.
3. Geological History
Initially all seven beds in set X were deposited successively, due to the tectonic
activities the block was uplifted in the present condition (inclined position), After
then a fault was developed which is remained unchanged. As time passes erosion
took place resulting into unconformities. Finally, the blocks were again subsided
into the depositional basin where over the set Y were deposited successively in
horizontal position.
Block no: -13
Cross section view Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal bed with
overturned anticline and
syncline and Unconformities
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
H
G
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set X is
composed of six different beds represented by A, B, C, D, E, F and G
respectively. Among them the bed A is oldest and bed F is youngest one. Where
set Y composed of two beds represented by G and H. Where bed H is oldest and J
is youngest.
2. Structure
The set X is characterized by the presence of folds, which is both anticline and
syncline. Where as the set Y is characterized by the presence of horizontal beds.
3. Geological History
Initially all six beds in set X are deposited successively, due to the tectonic
activities the block was folded and uplifted in the present condition (Overturned
anticline and syncline), consequently erosion took place resulting into
unconformities. Finally, the blocks were again subsided into the depositional
basin where over the set Y were deposited successively.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
Block no: -14
Cross section Scale: 1:2
N
Horizontal bed with
overturned anticline and
syncline under normal fault
and Unconformities
N
Plane view
1. No of Block and order of superposition
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
There are two set of rocks X and Y are separated by unconformity. The set X is
composed of five different beds represented by A, B, C, D, and E respectively.
Among them the bed A is oldest and bed E is youngest one. Where set Y
composed of two beds represented by F and G. Where bed F is oldest and G is
youngest.
Bhesh Raj Joshi Roll no - 24 Department of Civil Engineering
2. Structure
The set X is characterized by presence of folding and faulting. There is also
presence of both types of folding anticline and syncline. Since the hanging wall is
movie down it is normal fault. A dike is also seen intersection all beds. There is
an angular unconformity which separates the set X and Y. All the beds in set Y
are horizontal.
3. Geological History
Initially all five beds were deposited successively. Due to tectonic activities the
beds were folded at first and finally they were faulted. A dike was introduced
through a syncline and the block was uplifted. Consequently, erosion took place.
The block was then again subsided into the deposited basin where over the set Y
were deposited successively.
